Carolina Zambrano, Elena González-Alvarado, Diego Salmerón, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda, Juan Luján, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Marta Garaulet
Objective
Time-restricted eating (TRE), a dietary approach that confines food intake to specific time windows, has shown metabolic benefits. However, its impact on body weight loss remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of early TRE (eTRE) and delayed TRE (dTRE) on fat mobilization using human adipose tissue (AT) cultures.
Methods
Subcutaneous AT was collected from 21 participants with severe obesity. We assessed fat mobilization by measuring glycerol release in AT culture across four treatment conditions: control, eTRE, dTRE, and 24-h fasting.
Results
TRE had a significant impact on lipolysis (glycerol release [mean (SD)] in micromoles per hour per gram: control, 0.05 [0.003]; eTRE, 0.10 [0.006]; dTRE, 0.08 [0.005]; and fasting, 0.17 [0.008]; p < 0.0001). Both eTRE and dTRE increased lipolysis compared with the control group, with eTRE showing higher glycerol mobilization than dTRE during the overall 24-h time window, especially at the nighttime/habitual sleep episode (p < 0.0001). Further analysis of TRE based on fasting duration revealed that, independently of the time window, glycerol release increased with fasting duration (in micromoles per hour per gram: 8 h = 0.08 [0.001]; 12 h = 0.09 [0.008]; and 16 h of fasting = 0.12 [0.011]; p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
This study provides insights into the potential benefits of TRE on fat mobilization and may guide the design of future dietary strategies for weight management and metabolic health.
{"title":"Time-restricted eating affects human adipose tissue fat mobilization","authors":"Carolina Zambrano, Elena González-Alvarado, Diego Salmerón, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda, Juan Luján, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Marta Garaulet","doi":"10.1002/oby.24057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Time-restricted eating (TRE), a dietary approach that confines food intake to specific time windows, has shown metabolic benefits. However, its impact on body weight loss remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of early TRE (eTRE) and delayed TRE (dTRE) on fat mobilization using human adipose tissue (AT) cultures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subcutaneous AT was collected from 21 participants with severe obesity. We assessed fat mobilization by measuring glycerol release in AT culture across four treatment conditions: control, eTRE, dTRE, and 24-h fasting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TRE had a significant impact on lipolysis (glycerol release [mean (SD)] in micromoles per hour per gram: control, 0.05 [0.003]; eTRE, 0.10 [0.006]; dTRE, 0.08 [0.005]; and fasting, 0.17 [0.008]; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Both eTRE and dTRE increased lipolysis compared with the control group, with eTRE showing higher glycerol mobilization than dTRE during the overall 24-h time window, especially at the nighttime/habitual sleep episode (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Further analysis of TRE based on fasting duration revealed that, independently of the time window, glycerol release increased with fasting duration (in micromoles per hour per gram: 8 h = 0.08 [0.001]; 12 h = 0.09 [0.008]; and 16 h of fasting = 0.12 [0.011]; <i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides insights into the potential benefits of TRE on fat mobilization and may guide the design of future dietary strategies for weight management and metabolic health.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jodie M. Dodd, Andrea R. Deussen, Megan Mitchell, Jennie Louise
The practice of regularly weighing women during pregnancy dates to the 1940s in a strategy introduced by the government of the UK to monitor the effect of post-World War II food rationing on the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy [(1)]. This practice continued throughout the 1970s and into the 1990s to aid detection of both preeclampsia and infants who are born small for gestational age (SGA), although it was recognized to have a low positive predictive value [(2)]. There has since been a move in some countries [(3)] to recommend that a woman be weighed only at the time of the booking obstetric visit in the first trimester and then again at 36 weeks' gestation. However, this practice is not universal, with other countries adopting a more intensive approach with regular weighing at each antenatal appointment and adherence to the Institute of Medicine (now National Academy of Medicine) recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG), with the expectation of improved pregnancy and birth outcomes [(4)].
In this edition, Boone-Heinonen and colleagues [(5)] report a cohort study using electronic health record data from 77,599 pregnancies between 2004 and 2020 from women whose body mass index (BMI) was greater than 18.5 kg/m2. GWG was measured in each trimester of pregnancy to evaluate relationships between rate of gain and the occurrence of infant size at birth, defined as large for gestational age (LGA; >90th percentile) and SGA (<10th percentile). The authors identified the risk of birth of an infant with LGA to be greatest among women with a higher prepregnancy BMI and among those whose GWG was higher. Conversely, birth of an infant with SGA was seen in women with a lower prepregnancy BMI and lower GWG. The authors suggest that first-trimester GWG may influence birth size via an effect on second- and third-trimester weight gain and that targeting first-trimester weight gain may be a strategy for intervention.
We would like to propose an alternate view that challenges some of the widely held assumptions around GWG and its relationship, often presumed to be causal, with pregnancy and birth outcomes. Recent reports [(6-8)] have identified the lack of evidence to suggest that the effect of maternal BMI on pregnancy outcomes is mediated via an effect on GWG. That is, GWG is not on a causal pathway between maternal BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes [(6)], with limited predictive value in the identification of women who experience a range of pregnancy and birth complications [(7, 8)].
The validity of the purported relationships between total or trimester-specific GWG and fetal size is problematic for reasons that should be immediately apparent in considering the nature of GWG as an outcome. Although GWG is a clinically simple measure to obtain, it represents a composite of maternal fat deposition; pregnancy-r
{"title":"Regular weighing of pregnant women: a relic from a bygone era","authors":"Jodie M. Dodd, Andrea R. Deussen, Megan Mitchell, Jennie Louise","doi":"10.1002/oby.24117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The practice of regularly weighing women during pregnancy dates to the 1940s in a strategy introduced by the government of the UK to monitor the effect of post-World War II food rationing on the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy [<span>(1)</span>]. This practice continued throughout the 1970s and into the 1990s to aid detection of both preeclampsia and infants who are born small for gestational age (SGA), although it was recognized to have a low positive predictive value [<span>(2)</span>]. There has since been a move in some countries [<span>(3)</span>] to recommend that a woman be weighed only at the time of the booking obstetric visit in the first trimester and then again at 36 weeks' gestation. However, this practice is not universal, with other countries adopting a more intensive approach with regular weighing at each antenatal appointment and adherence to the Institute of Medicine (now National Academy of Medicine) recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG), with the expectation of improved pregnancy and birth outcomes [<span>(4)</span>].</p><p>In this edition, Boone-Heinonen and colleagues [<span>(5)</span>] report a cohort study using electronic health record data from 77,599 pregnancies between 2004 and 2020 from women whose body mass index (BMI) was greater than 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. GWG was measured in each trimester of pregnancy to evaluate relationships between rate of gain and the occurrence of infant size at birth, defined as large for gestational age (LGA; >90th percentile) and SGA (<10th percentile). The authors identified the risk of birth of an infant with LGA to be greatest among women with a higher prepregnancy BMI and among those whose GWG was higher. Conversely, birth of an infant with SGA was seen in women with a lower prepregnancy BMI and lower GWG. The authors suggest that first-trimester GWG may influence birth size via an effect on second- and third-trimester weight gain and that targeting first-trimester weight gain may be a strategy for intervention.</p><p>We would like to propose an alternate view that challenges some of the widely held assumptions around GWG and its relationship, often presumed to be causal, with pregnancy and birth outcomes. Recent reports [<span>(6-8)</span>] have identified the lack of evidence to suggest that the effect of maternal BMI on pregnancy outcomes is mediated via an effect on GWG. That is, GWG is not on a causal pathway between maternal BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes [<span>(6)</span>], with limited predictive value in the identification of women who experience a range of pregnancy and birth complications [<span>(7, 8)</span>].</p><p>The validity of the purported relationships between total or trimester-specific GWG and fetal size is problematic for reasons that should be immediately apparent in considering the nature of GWG as an outcome. Although GWG is a clinically simple measure to obtain, it represents a composite of maternal fat deposition; pregnancy-r","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjola Thanaj, Nicolas Basty, Brandon Whitcher, Jimmy D. Bell, E. Louise Thomas
Objective
This study aimed to assess the fatty acid (FA) composition of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (ASAT and VAT, respectively) in the UK Biobank imaging cohort (N = 33,823) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods
We measured the fractions of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FA (fSFA, fMUFA, and fPUFA, respectively) in ASAT and VAT from multiecho MRI scans. We selected a subcohort of participants who followed a vegan and an omnivore diet (N = 36) to validate the effect of diet on adipose tissue. In the wider imaging cohort, we examined the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and various traits related to disease and body size.
Results
We measured adipose tissue FA composition for over 33,000 participants, revealing higher fSFA and fPUFA and lower fMUFA in VAT (p < 0.00016). fMUFA and fPUFA were higher in ASAT and lower in VAT for women (p < 0.00016). Vegan participants exhibited lower fSFA in both ASAT and VAT (p < 0.00016). VAT fSFA and fMUFA showed significant associations with disease, as well as anthropometric variables.
Conclusions
This extensive analysis revealed the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and a range of factors in a diverse population, highlighting the importance of studying body adipose tissue beyond its quantity.
{"title":"MRI assessment of adipose tissue fatty acid composition in the UK Biobank and its association with diet and disease","authors":"Marjola Thanaj, Nicolas Basty, Brandon Whitcher, Jimmy D. Bell, E. Louise Thomas","doi":"10.1002/oby.24108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the fatty acid (FA) composition of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (ASAT and VAT, respectively) in the UK Biobank imaging cohort (<i>N</i> = 33,823) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured the fractions of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FA (fSFA, fMUFA, and fPUFA, respectively) in ASAT and VAT from multiecho MRI scans. We selected a subcohort of participants who followed a vegan and an omnivore diet (<i>N</i> = 36) to validate the effect of diet on adipose tissue. In the wider imaging cohort, we examined the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and various traits related to disease and body size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured adipose tissue FA composition for over 33,000 participants, revealing higher fSFA and fPUFA and lower fMUFA in VAT (<i>p</i> < 0.00016). fMUFA and fPUFA were higher in ASAT and lower in VAT for women (<i>p</i> < 0.00016). Vegan participants exhibited lower fSFA in both ASAT and VAT (<i>p</i> < 0.00016). VAT fSFA and fMUFA showed significant associations with disease, as well as anthropometric variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This extensive analysis revealed the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and a range of factors in a diverse population, highlighting the importance of studying body adipose tissue beyond its quantity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihui Wang, Huimin Yu, Kai Wang, Junming Han, Yongfeng Song
Objective
Thyroid hormone influences key metabolic pathways, and reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone is considered a new risk factor for adverse metabolic outcomes. However, the association between thyroid hormone resistance and obesity in euthyroid individuals is still unknown.
Methods
We enrolled 8021 euthyroid individuals, calculated thyroid hormone resistance indices, and analyzed the association between thyroid hormone resistance and obesity by regression analysis. Furthermore, we conducted the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in both control and obese mice (n = 5) to demonstrate the association.
Results
The euthyroid adults with overweight and obesity had increased thyroid hormone resistance indices (all p < 0.05). BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity increased (odds ratio of thyroid feedback quantile-based index [ORTFQI] = 1.164, p = 0.036; OR of free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine [ORFT3/FT4] = 1.508, p < 0.001) following the elevation of thyroid hormone resistance indices. Mediation analysis indicated a complete mediation effect (beta coefficient of indirect effect [βInd]= 6.838, p < 0.001) of metabolic disorders in the relationship. Furthermore, in the mice with obesity, the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation (68.33–90.89 pg/mL) was comparatively blunted (p = 0.029).
Conclusions
Euthyroid individuals with obesity exhibit both central and peripheral thyroid hormone resistance, a phenomenon that is more pronounced in individuals with metabolic abnormalities. Thyroid hormone resistance is associated with an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity mediated by metabolic disorders.
目的：甲状腺激素影响关键的代谢途径，对甲状腺激素的敏感性降低被认为是导致不良代谢结果的新风险因素。然而，甲状腺激素抵抗与甲状腺功能正常者肥胖之间的关系仍然未知：我们招募了 8021 名甲状腺功能正常者，计算了甲状腺激素抵抗指数，并通过回归分析分析了甲状腺激素抵抗与肥胖之间的关系。此外，我们还对对照组小鼠和肥胖小鼠（5 只）进行了促甲状腺激素释放激素刺激试验，以证明两者之间的关联：结果：患有超重和肥胖症的甲状腺功能正常成人的甲状腺激素抵抗指数增加（所有 p TFQI] = 1.164，p = 0.036；游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸/游离甲状腺素 OR [ORFT3/FT4] = 1.508，p Ind]= 6.838，p 结论：甲状腺功能正常的肥胖症患者的甲状腺激素抵抗指数增加：甲状腺功能正常的肥胖症患者同时表现出中枢和外周甲状腺激素抵抗，这一现象在代谢异常的患者中更为明显。甲状腺激素抵抗与代谢紊乱导致的超重和肥胖发生率增加有关。
{"title":"Association between thyroid hormone resistance and obesity: a cross-sectional study and mouse stimulation test","authors":"Zhihui Wang, Huimin Yu, Kai Wang, Junming Han, Yongfeng Song","doi":"10.1002/oby.24084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thyroid hormone influences key metabolic pathways, and reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone is considered a new risk factor for adverse metabolic outcomes. However, the association between thyroid hormone resistance and obesity in euthyroid individuals is still unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 8021 euthyroid individuals, calculated thyroid hormone resistance indices, and analyzed the association between thyroid hormone resistance and obesity by regression analysis. Furthermore, we conducted the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in both control and obese mice (<i>n</i> = 5) to demonstrate the association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The euthyroid adults with overweight and obesity had increased thyroid hormone resistance indices (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity increased (odds ratio of thyroid feedback quantile-based index [OR<sub>TFQI</sub>] = 1.164, <i>p</i> = 0.036; OR of free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine [OR<sub>FT3/FT4</sub>] = 1.508, <i>p</i> < 0.001) following the elevation of thyroid hormone resistance indices. Mediation analysis indicated a complete mediation effect (beta coefficient of indirect effect [β<sub>Ind</sub>]= 6.838, <i>p</i> < 0.001) of metabolic disorders in the relationship. Furthermore, in the mice with obesity, the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation (68.33–90.89 pg/mL) was comparatively blunted (<i>p</i> = 0.029).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Euthyroid individuals with obesity exhibit both central and peripheral thyroid hormone resistance, a phenomenon that is more pronounced in individuals with metabolic abnormalities. Thyroid hormone resistance is associated with an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity mediated by metabolic disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated whether exposure to suboptimal gestational factors (SGFs) alters mechanical efficiency (ME) and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise in children as a mechanism contributing to obesity.
Methods
Data from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort were used. Children aged 8 to 10 years performed an incremental maximal cycling test with indirect calorimetry. Their ME was measured during submaximal and maximal effort. The substrate oxidation during rest and submaximal effort was also computed. ME and substrate oxidation results between children exposed to each SGF during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus: n = 68; hypertensive disorders: n = 49; maternal smoking: n = 77) and nonexposed children (n = 370) were compared.
Results
No difference was observed for ME during submaximal (F[3,540] = 0.46, p = 0.713) and maximal effort (F[3,545] = 0.86, p = 0.463) between exposed and nonexposed children. The percentage contributions of lipids and carbohydrates did not differ during rest (F[3,545] =1.68, p = 0.169) or submaximal exercise (F[3,544] = 0.31, p = 0.534) between exposed and nonexposed children.
Conclusions
Children exposed to investigated SGFs display a similar physiological response regarding ME and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise compared to nonexposed children. Future studies should confirm these novel results and continue investigating other research avenues to explain the higher risk of obesity in this population.
目的：本研究探讨了次优妊娠因素（SGFs）是否会改变儿童在休息和运动时的机械效率（ME）和底物氧化，从而导致肥胖：本研究探讨了暴露于次优妊娠因素（SGFs）是否会改变儿童在休息和运动时的机械效率（ME）和底物氧化，并将其作为导致肥胖的一种机制：方法：采用魁北克青少年肥胖和生活方式调查队列的数据。8至10岁的儿童通过间接热量计进行了增量最大骑行测试。测量了他们在次最大努力和最大努力时的 ME 值。此外，还计算了休息和次最大努力时的底物氧化。比较了孕期暴露于每种 SGF 的儿童（妊娠糖尿病：n = 68；高血压疾病：n = 49；母亲吸烟：n = 77）和未暴露于 SGF 的儿童（n = 370）的 ME 和底物氧化结果：结果表明：在亚极限（F[3,540] = 0.46，p = 0.713）和极限（F[3,545] = 0.86，p = 0.463）时，暴露和非暴露儿童的 ME 没有差异。在休息期间（F[3,545] =1.68，p =0.169）或亚极限运动期间（F[3,544] =0.31，p =0.534），暴露与非暴露儿童的脂类和碳水化合物贡献百分比没有差异：结论：与未暴露于所调查的 SGFs 的儿童相比，暴露于这些 SGFs 的儿童在休息和运动时的 ME 和底物氧化方面表现出相似的生理反应。未来的研究应确认这些新结果，并继续探索其他研究途径，以解释该人群肥胖风险较高的原因。
{"title":"Physiological response during exercise is preserved in children exposed to a suboptimal gestational environment","authors":"Soraya Saidj, Stephanie-May Ruchat, Mélanie Henderson, Angelo Tremblay, Marie-Eve Mathieu","doi":"10.1002/oby.24049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated whether exposure to suboptimal gestational factors (SGFs) alters mechanical efficiency (ME) and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise in children as a mechanism contributing to obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort were used. Children aged 8 to 10 years performed an incremental maximal cycling test with indirect calorimetry. Their ME was measured during submaximal and maximal effort. The substrate oxidation during rest and submaximal effort was also computed. ME and substrate oxidation results between children exposed to each SGF during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus: <i>n</i> = 68; hypertensive disorders: <i>n</i> = 49; maternal smoking: <i>n</i> = 77) and nonexposed children (<i>n</i> = 370) were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No difference was observed for ME during submaximal (<i>F</i><sub>[3,540]</sub> = 0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.713) and maximal effort (<i>F</i><sub>[3,545]</sub> = 0.86, <i>p</i> = 0.463) between exposed and nonexposed children. The percentage contributions of lipids and carbohydrates did not differ during rest (<i>F</i><sub>[3,545]</sub> =1.68, <i>p</i> = 0.169) or submaximal exercise (<i>F</i><sub>[3,544]</sub> = 0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.534) between exposed and nonexposed children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children exposed to investigated SGFs display a similar physiological response regarding ME and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise compared to nonexposed children. Future studies should confirm these novel results and continue investigating other research avenues to explain the higher risk of obesity in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Cardel, Matthew M. Clark, Thomas A. Wadden, Leanne M. Redman, Michael Jensen
{"title":"Clarification of our response to “The importance of diversity in Obesity articles”","authors":"Michelle Cardel, Matthew M. Clark, Thomas A. Wadden, Leanne M. Redman, Michael Jensen","doi":"10.1002/oby.24112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Murphy, Abdulrahman Dera, José A. Morais, Michael A. Tsoukas, Natalie Khor, Taisiia Sazonova, Lucas Guimarães Almeida, Alexandra B. Cooke, Stella S. Daskalopoulou, Bjorn T. Tam, Sylvia Santosa
Objective
We aimed to examine the effect of age of obesity onset, sex, and their interaction on abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) morphology (degree of adipocyte hyperplasia or hypertrophy).
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we isolated adipocytes via collagenase digestion from abdominal and femoral SAT biopsies taken from male and female adults with childhood-onset obesity (CO; n = 8 males, n = 16 females) or adult-onset obesity (AO; n = 8 males, n = 13 females). Regional body composition was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and a single-slice abdominal computed tomography scan. Mean adipocyte size was measured in abdominal and femoral SAT and was used to quantify morphology in android and gynoid subcutaneous fat, respectively.
Results
Abdominal SAT morphology was more hyperplastic in females with CO than females with AO (p = 0.004) but did not differ between males with CO and males with AO (p = 0.996). Conversely, femoral SAT morphology was more hypertrophic in males and females with CO than those with AO.
Conclusions
Age of obesity onset appears to affect SAT morphology differently in the abdominal and femoral regions of male and female adults. Our findings challenge the notion that SAT is uniformly hyperplastic in CO and hypertrophic in AO.
研究目的我们旨在研究肥胖发病年龄、性别及其相互作用对腹部和股部皮下脂肪组织（SAT）形态（脂肪细胞增生或肥大程度）的影响：在这项横断面研究中，我们通过胶原酶消化从患有儿童期肥胖症（CO；男性8人，女性16人）或成年期肥胖症（AO；男性8人，女性13人）的男性和女性成人的腹部和股部SAT活检组织中分离出脂肪细胞。通过双能 X 射线吸收测量法和单片腹部计算机断层扫描测量区域身体成分。测量了腹部和股部SAT脂肪细胞的平均大小，并分别用于量化甲状腺和妇科皮下脂肪的形态：结果：患有 CO 的女性腹部 SAT 形态比患有 AO 的女性更加增生（p = 0.004），但患有 CO 的男性和患有 AO 的男性之间没有差异（p = 0.996）。相反，患有CO的男性和女性的股骨SAT形态比患有AO的男性和女性更肥大：结论：肥胖症的发病年龄似乎会对男性和女性成年人腹部和股部的SAT形态产生不同的影响。我们的研究结果对SAT在CO患者中均匀增生而在AO患者中肥大的观点提出了质疑。
{"title":"Age of obesity onset affects subcutaneous adipose tissue cellularity differently in the abdominal and femoral region","authors":"Jessica Murphy, Abdulrahman Dera, José A. Morais, Michael A. Tsoukas, Natalie Khor, Taisiia Sazonova, Lucas Guimarães Almeida, Alexandra B. Cooke, Stella S. Daskalopoulou, Bjorn T. Tam, Sylvia Santosa","doi":"10.1002/oby.24059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to examine the effect of age of obesity onset, sex, and their interaction on abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) morphology (degree of adipocyte hyperplasia or hypertrophy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, we isolated adipocytes via collagenase digestion from abdominal and femoral SAT biopsies taken from male and female adults with childhood-onset obesity (CO; <i>n</i> = 8 males, <i>n</i> = 16 females) or adult-onset obesity (AO; <i>n</i> = 8 males, <i>n</i> = 13 females). Regional body composition was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and a single-slice abdominal computed tomography scan. Mean adipocyte size was measured in abdominal and femoral SAT and was used to quantify morphology in android and gynoid subcutaneous fat, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abdominal SAT morphology was more hyperplastic in females with CO than females with AO (<i>p</i> = 0.004) but did not differ between males with CO and males with AO (<i>p</i> = 0.996). Conversely, femoral SAT morphology was more hypertrophic in males and females with CO than those with AO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age of obesity onset appears to affect SAT morphology differently in the abdominal and femoral regions of male and female adults. Our findings challenge the notion that SAT is uniformly hyperplastic in CO and hypertrophic in AO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We aimed to investigate the relationships among nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution.
Methods
We studied 2255 Chinese adults in the Lanxi Cohort living in urban areas in Lanxi City, China. Fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool samples from 1724 participants. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used in all analyses. A validation study was performed using 1274 participants in the Lanxi Cohort living in rural areas.
Results
Nut consumption was beneficially associated with regional fat accumulation. Gut microbial analysis suggested that a high intake of nuts was associated with greater microbial α diversity. Six genera were found to be associated with nut consumption, and the abundance of genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerotaenia, and Fusobacterium was significantly associated with fat distribution. Favorable relationships between α diversity and fat distribution were also observed. Similar relationships between gut microbiota and fat distribution were obtained in the validation analysis.
Conclusions
We have shown that nut consumption is beneficially associated with body fat distribution and gut microbiota diversity and taxonomy. Furthermore, the microbial features related to high nut intake are associated with a favorable pattern of fat distribution.
{"title":"Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution: results of a large, community-based population study","authors":"Yuwei Shi, Juntao Kan, Wenjie Wang, Yiyang Cao, Yimian Wu, Xinyu Chen, Weifang Zheng, Fei Yang, Jun Du, Wei He, Shankuan Zhu","doi":"10.1002/oby.24099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to investigate the relationships among nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied 2255 Chinese adults in the Lanxi Cohort living in urban areas in Lanxi City, China. Fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool samples from 1724 participants. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used in all analyses. A validation study was performed using 1274 participants in the Lanxi Cohort living in rural areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nut consumption was beneficially associated with regional fat accumulation. Gut microbial analysis suggested that a high intake of nuts was associated with greater microbial α diversity. Six genera were found to be associated with nut consumption, and the abundance of genera <i>Anaerobutyricum</i>, <i>Anaerotaenia</i>, and <i>Fusobacterium</i> was significantly associated with fat distribution. Favorable relationships between α diversity and fat distribution were also observed. Similar relationships between gut microbiota and fat distribution were obtained in the validation analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We have shown that nut consumption is beneficially associated with body fat distribution and gut microbiota diversity and taxonomy. Furthermore, the microbial features related to high nut intake are associated with a favorable pattern of fat distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharon J. Herring, Daohai Yu, Niesha Darden, Brooke Bailer, Jane Cruice, Jessica J. Albert, Christine Santoro, Veronica Bersani, Chantelle N. Hart, Eric A. Finkelstein, Linda M. Kilby, Xiaoning Lu, Gary B. Bennett, Gary D. Foster
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mobile health (mHealth)-delivered behavioral intervention on changes in postpartum weight and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure [BP], lipids, and hemoglobin A1c) over 12 months.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial of 300 African American postpartum people with overweight and obesity enrolled in Philadelphia Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics was conducted. Participants were randomized to usual WIC care (n = 151) or a 12-month mHealth-delivered intervention (n = 149) comprising behavior change goals, interactive self-monitoring text messages, and counseling support.
Results
Intervention and usual-care participants did not significantly differ in 12-month mean postpartum weight change (1.1 vs. 1.6 kg, p = 0.5; difference −0.6 kg, 95% CI: −2.3 to 1.2). However, high intervention engagement led to weight loss compared with weight gain among those who were less engaged (−0.6 vs. 2.4 kg, p = 0.01; difference −3.0 kg, 95% CI: −5.4 to −0.6). The intervention reduced systolic BP relative to usual care (−1.6 vs. 2.4 mm Hg, p = 0.02; difference −4.0 mm Hg, 95% CI: −7.5 to −0.5), but this effect did not extend to other cardiometabolic risk factors.
Conclusions
Among African American postpartum people enrolled in WIC, an mHealth-delivered intervention reduced systolic BP but not additional cardiometabolic risk factors or weight. Intervention participants with high engagement had significantly better postpartum weight outcomes, and thus, next steps include addressing barriers to engagement.
研究目的本研究旨在评估移动医疗（mHealth）提供的行为干预在 12 个月内对产后体重和心脏代谢风险因素（血压、血脂和血红蛋白 A1c）变化的影响：对费城妇女、婴儿和儿童（WIC）诊所登记的 300 名超重和肥胖的非裔美国人产后妇女进行了随机对照试验。参与者被随机分配到 WIC 的常规护理（151 人）或为期 12 个月的移动医疗干预（149 人），其中包括行为改变目标、互动式自我监测短信和咨询支持：干预参与者和常规护理参与者在产后 12 个月的平均体重变化上没有明显差异（1.1 对 1.6 千克，P = 0.5；差异 -0.6 千克，95% CI：-2.3 对 1.2）。然而，干预参与度高的产妇体重下降，而干预参与度低的产妇体重增加（-0.6 kg vs. 2.4 kg，p = 0.01；差异-3.0 kg，95% CI：-5.4 to -0.6）。与常规护理相比，干预措施降低了收缩压（-1.6 vs. 2.4 mm Hg，p = 0.02；差异-4.0 mm Hg，95% CI：-7.5 to -0.5），但这一效果并未延伸至其他心脏代谢风险因素：在参加 WIC 的非裔美国人产后人群中，移动医疗提供的干预措施降低了收缩压，但没有降低其他心脏代谢风险因素或体重。参与度高的干预参与者的产后体重结果明显更好，因此，下一步工作包括消除参与障碍。
{"title":"Efficacy of an mHealth-delivered behavioral intervention on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk in African American postpartum people with overweight or obesity: the SnapBack randomized controlled trial","authors":"Sharon J. Herring, Daohai Yu, Niesha Darden, Brooke Bailer, Jane Cruice, Jessica J. Albert, Christine Santoro, Veronica Bersani, Chantelle N. Hart, Eric A. Finkelstein, Linda M. Kilby, Xiaoning Lu, Gary B. Bennett, Gary D. Foster","doi":"10.1002/oby.24091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mobile health (mHealth)-delivered behavioral intervention on changes in postpartum weight and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure [BP], lipids, and hemoglobin A1c) over 12 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomized controlled trial of 300 African American postpartum people with overweight and obesity enrolled in Philadelphia Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics was conducted. Participants were randomized to usual WIC care (<i>n</i> = 151) or a 12-month mHealth-delivered intervention (<i>n</i> = 149) comprising behavior change goals, interactive self-monitoring text messages, and counseling support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intervention and usual-care participants did not significantly differ in 12-month mean postpartum weight change (1.1 vs. 1.6 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.5; difference −0.6 kg, 95% CI: −2.3 to 1.2). However, high intervention engagement led to weight loss compared with weight gain among those who were less engaged (−0.6 vs. 2.4 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.01; difference −3.0 kg, 95% CI: −5.4 to −0.6). The intervention reduced systolic BP relative to usual care (−1.6 vs. 2.4 mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.02; difference −4.0 mm Hg, 95% CI: −7.5 to −0.5), but this effect did not extend to other cardiometabolic risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among African American postpartum people enrolled in WIC, an mHealth-delivered intervention reduced systolic BP but not additional cardiometabolic risk factors or weight. Intervention participants with high engagement had significantly better postpartum weight outcomes, and thus, next steps include addressing barriers to engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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