Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1148
Avan A. Mustafa, Karwan Jacksi
Clustering text documents is the process of dividing textual material into groups or clusters. Due to the large volume of text documents in electronic forms that have been made with the development of internet technology, document clustering has gained considerable attention. Data mining methods for grouping these texts into meaningful clusters are becoming a critical method. Clustering is a branch of data mining that is a blind process used to group data by a similarity known as a cluster. However, the clustering should be based on semantic similarity rather than using syntactic notions, which means the documents should be clustered according to their meaning rather than keywords. This article presents a novel strategy for categorizing articles based on semantic similarity. This is achieved by extracting document descriptions from the IMDB and Wikipedia databases. The vector space is then formed using TFIDF, and clustering is accomplished using the Affinity propagation and K-means methods. The findings are computed and presented on an interactive website.
{"title":"AFFINITY PROPAGATION AND K-MEANS ALGORITHM FOR DOCUMENT CLUSTERING BASED ON SEMANTIC SIMILARITY","authors":"Avan A. Mustafa, Karwan Jacksi","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1148","url":null,"abstract":"Clustering text documents is the process of dividing textual material into groups or clusters. Due to the large volume of text documents in electronic forms that have been made with the development of internet technology, document clustering has gained considerable attention. Data mining methods for grouping these texts into meaningful clusters are becoming a critical method. Clustering is a branch of data mining that is a blind process used to group data by a similarity known as a cluster. However, the clustering should be based on semantic similarity rather than using syntactic notions, which means the documents should be clustered according to their meaning rather than keywords. This article presents a novel strategy for categorizing articles based on semantic similarity. This is achieved by extracting document descriptions from the IMDB and Wikipedia databases. The vector space is then formed using TFIDF, and clustering is accomplished using the Affinity propagation and K-means methods. The findings are computed and presented on an interactive website.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82954938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1147
Mohammad I. Hamodi, Mohammed K. Younis
In this work, Myrrh gum was used with sodium alginate (SA) to create novel Myrrh-Alginate beads composite. These beads were produced utilizing the ionotropic gelation technique. Methylene blue (MB) was employed as a drug model to evaluate the kinetics of drug release and the capacity of the synthesized beads to function as a drug delivery system. The molecular interaction between sodium alginate and myrrh was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The physical characteristics of the Myrrh-Alginate beads, including drug content, particle size, thermal properties, equilibrium water content (EWC), swelling behavior, and equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR), were studied to establish the hydrogel's response type, as well as the releasing kinetics at 37°C and in Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH = 6.8 and 10. All beads (loaded and unloaded) were analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The drug content percentages of the Myrrh-Alginate beads increased with a moderate fraction (5% ) of Myrrh but dropped with a higher Myrrh percentage. The Myrrh-Alginate beads absorbed more water and swelled more than the pure calcium alginate beads (S2) in pH 6.8 and 10 of (PBS). In a pH 6.8 of (PBS), the Myrrh-Alginate beads demonstrated a controlled and regulated style of releasing and demonstrated a high match with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model as they had the maximum values of the correlation factor (R2) in this model.
本文以没药胶和海藻酸钠为原料，制备了一种新型的没药-海藻酸钠复合材料。这些珠子是利用离子化凝胶技术生产的。采用亚甲基蓝(MB)作为药物模型来评价药物释放动力学和合成微球作为药物递送系统的能力。用红外光谱法证实了海藻酸钠与没药的分子相互作用。研究了紫薇海藻酸酯微球的物理特性，包括药物含量、粒径、热性能、平衡含水量(EWC)、溶胀行为和平衡溶胀比(ESR)，建立了水凝胶的响应类型，以及在37℃和pH = 6.8和10的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中的释放动力学。通过差示扫描量热法、扫描电镜(SEM)和x射线衍射分析(XRD)对所有珠子(加载和卸载)进行分析。没药-藻酸盐珠药含量随没药含量的增加而增加，随没药含量的增加而下降。在pH 6.8和10 of (PBS)条件下，没药-藻酸钙珠比纯藻酸钙珠(S2)吸水率和膨胀率更高。在pH为6.8 (PBS)的条件下，没药-藻酸酯微球具有可控和调控的释放方式，与korsmemeyer - peppas模型具有较高的匹配度，在该模型中具有最大的相关因子(R2)。
{"title":"PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND RELEASING -SWELLING KINETICS OF MYRRH BASED HYDROGEL","authors":"Mohammad I. Hamodi, Mohammed K. Younis","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1147","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, Myrrh gum was used with sodium alginate (SA) to create novel Myrrh-Alginate beads composite. These beads were produced utilizing the ionotropic gelation technique. Methylene blue (MB) was employed as a drug model to evaluate the kinetics of drug release and the capacity of the synthesized beads to function as a drug delivery system. The molecular interaction between sodium alginate and myrrh was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The physical characteristics of the Myrrh-Alginate beads, including drug content, particle size, thermal properties, equilibrium water content (EWC), swelling behavior, and equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR), were studied to establish the hydrogel's response type, as well as the releasing kinetics at 37°C and in Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH = 6.8 and 10. All beads (loaded and unloaded) were analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The drug content percentages of the Myrrh-Alginate beads increased with a moderate fraction (5% ) of Myrrh but dropped with a higher Myrrh percentage. The Myrrh-Alginate beads absorbed more water and swelled more than the pure calcium alginate beads (S2) in pH 6.8 and 10 of (PBS). In a pH 6.8 of (PBS), the Myrrh-Alginate beads demonstrated a controlled and regulated style of releasing and demonstrated a high match with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model as they had the maximum values of the correlation factor (R2) in this model.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86927135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1100
A. Lawal, B. Olayinka, A. Ayinla, Fauzat Alabi Bulala, Sodi Muktar, L. Abdulra’uf
The use of expired herbicides to suppress weeds growth is becoming prevalent among farmers. Hence the need to investigate and compare the effect of expired and non-expired pendimethalin and hand weeding on weed suppression, growth, yield and composition of groundnut. The experiment was carried out during therainy season in 2020. It consisted of seven weed control treatments. These were sole pendimethalin non-expired (T1), pendimethalin non-expired + one hand weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (T2), pendimethalin expired (T3), pendimethalin expired + one hand weeding at 6 WAS (T4), two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS (T5), weed free check (T6) and weedy check (T7). Desmodium trifolium, Amaranthus spinosusand Commelina benghalensis were the most preponderant weedspecies. Both expired or non-expired pendimethalin and their integration with one hand weeding reduced weed population than other treatments. Pendimethalin non-expired + one hand weeding at 6WAS and two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS significantly increased the growth parameters and yield when compared with other treatments. In this study, two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and non-expired pendimethalin + one hand weeding 6 WAS, should be reinforced for weed control on account of their positive influence on groundnut productivity and seed quality.
{"title":"Effects of Expired and Non-Expired Pendimethalin and Hand Weeding on the Bio- Productivity and Seed Quality of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)","authors":"A. Lawal, B. Olayinka, A. Ayinla, Fauzat Alabi Bulala, Sodi Muktar, L. Abdulra’uf","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1100","url":null,"abstract":"The use of expired herbicides to suppress weeds growth is becoming prevalent among farmers. Hence the need to investigate and compare the effect of expired and non-expired pendimethalin and hand weeding on weed suppression, growth, yield and composition of groundnut. The experiment was carried out during therainy season in 2020. It consisted of seven weed control treatments. These were sole pendimethalin non-expired (T1), pendimethalin non-expired + one hand weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (T2), pendimethalin expired (T3), pendimethalin expired + one hand weeding at 6 WAS (T4), two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS (T5), weed free check (T6) and weedy check (T7). Desmodium trifolium, Amaranthus spinosusand Commelina benghalensis were the most preponderant weedspecies. Both expired or non-expired pendimethalin and their integration with one hand weeding reduced weed population than other treatments. Pendimethalin non-expired + one hand weeding at 6WAS and two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS significantly increased the growth parameters and yield when compared with other treatments. In this study, two hand weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and non-expired pendimethalin + one hand weeding 6 WAS, should be reinforced for weed control on account of their positive influence on groundnut productivity and seed quality.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"39 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82833874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1072
M. K. Jaqsi, A. Kareem, A. Abdulrahman
The simplest chemical spray approach has been used to grow the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). For spraying, a basic perfume automizer was employed. Additionally, utilizing a variety of characterization techniques, the effects of various growth temperatures on the ZnO NRs properties were looked into and evaluated. The results of the investigation demonstrated that the growing temperature significantly affects all-characteristics properties of the ZnO NRs fabricated using the most straightforward spray approach. At various growth temperatures, the average diameters (size) and average crystalline sizes along with (002) of grown ZnO NRs were in the ranges of (47.89-51.29) nm and (44.128-52.565) nm, respectively. The hexagonal wurtzite plane was the optimum direction for ZnO NRs to be oriented, and as growth temperatures are raised. The absorption edge changed toward longer wavelengths and as growth temperature increased, the average absorbance also increased. The optical analysis reveals that the direct Eg. of the produced ZnO NRs lies in the (3.182-3.250) eV range.
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Growth Temperatures on the ZnO Nanorods Properties Grown with Simplest Spray Technique","authors":"M. K. Jaqsi, A. Kareem, A. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1072","url":null,"abstract":"The simplest chemical spray approach has been used to grow the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). For spraying, a basic perfume automizer was employed. Additionally, utilizing a variety of characterization techniques, the effects of various growth temperatures on the ZnO NRs properties were looked into and evaluated. The results of the investigation demonstrated that the growing temperature significantly affects all-characteristics properties of the ZnO NRs fabricated using the most straightforward spray approach. At various growth temperatures, the average diameters (size) and average crystalline sizes along with (002) of grown ZnO NRs were in the ranges of (47.89-51.29) nm and (44.128-52.565) nm, respectively. The hexagonal wurtzite plane was the optimum direction for ZnO NRs to be oriented, and as growth temperatures are raised. The absorption edge changed toward longer wavelengths and as growth temperature increased, the average absorbance also increased. The optical analysis reveals that the direct Eg. of the produced ZnO NRs lies in the (3.182-3.250) eV range.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78910767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1122
Baydaa Sh. Z. Abood, Hanan A. R. Akkar, Amean Sh. Al-Safi
A new processing algorithm based on fractal image compression is proposed for image processing efficiency. An image will partition into non-overlapping blocks called range blocks and overlapping blocks called domain blocks, with the domain blocks generally bigger than the range blocks, to achieve a rapid encoding time. This research introduced a new fast full-search algorithm approach that starts the search for the best matching domain in the range block from the closest points in the range blocks and expands the search until an acceptable match is found or the search is completed to save even more encoding time. The proposed fast full-search approach, despite its simplicity, is more efficient than the standard search method. The search reduction, peak signal to noise ratio, compression ratio, and encoding time of the suggested approach are all examined. The proposed method can encode a 512x512 grayscale Lena image in 0.36 seconds, with a total search reduction of 87% according to experimental results.
{"title":"Fast Full-Search Algorithm of Fractal Image Compression for Acceleration Image Processing","authors":"Baydaa Sh. Z. Abood, Hanan A. R. Akkar, Amean Sh. Al-Safi","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1122","url":null,"abstract":"A new processing algorithm based on fractal image compression is proposed for image processing efficiency. An image will partition into non-overlapping blocks called range blocks and overlapping blocks called domain blocks, with the domain blocks generally bigger than the range blocks, to achieve a rapid encoding time. This research introduced a new fast full-search algorithm approach that starts the search for the best matching domain in the range block from the closest points in the range blocks and expands the search until an acceptable match is found or the search is completed to save even more encoding time. The proposed fast full-search approach, despite its simplicity, is more efficient than the standard search method. The search reduction, peak signal to noise ratio, compression ratio, and encoding time of the suggested approach are all examined. The proposed method can encode a 512x512 grayscale Lena image in 0.36 seconds, with a total search reduction of 87% according to experimental results.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83960306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1124
Q. M. Abdulqader
In this paper, the Box-Jenkins methodology has been applied and used to forecast the ratio of Iraq's rural population from 1960 to 2019. A sample size of (60) observations of the annually rural population of Iraq has been taken. A combination of some adequate time series models has been prepared and obtained and some statistical criteria have been used for comparison and model selection. Results of the study concluded that the ARIMA (0,2,1) is an adequate and best model to be used for forecasting the annual ratio of rural population data in Iraq. During the period 2020 to 2030, the ratio of the rural population will keep decreasing gradually, and the percentage of the rural population of Iraq in 2030 will be (27.732).
{"title":"Forecasting the Ratio of the Rural Population in Iraq Using Box-Jenkins Methodology","authors":"Q. M. Abdulqader","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1124","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Box-Jenkins methodology has been applied and used to forecast the ratio of Iraq's rural population from 1960 to 2019. A sample size of (60) observations of the annually rural population of Iraq has been taken. A combination of some adequate time series models has been prepared and obtained and some statistical criteria have been used for comparison and model selection. Results of the study concluded that the ARIMA (0,2,1) is an adequate and best model to be used for forecasting the annual ratio of rural population data in Iraq. During the period 2020 to 2030, the ratio of the rural population will keep decreasing gradually, and the percentage of the rural population of Iraq in 2030 will be (27.732).","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"54 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81527795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1123
Media S. Azzat, Karwan Jacksi, Ismael Ali
The notable growth of the digital communities and different online news streams led to the growing availability of online natural language content. However not all natural languages have the enough attention of being made readable and comprehendible to machines. Among these less resourced and paid attention languages is the Kurdish language. Creating the machine-readable text is the first step toward applications of text mining and semantic web, such as translation, information retrieval and recommendation systems. With the de facto challenges in the Kurdish language, such as the scarcity of linguistic sources and not having unified orthography rules, this language has a lack of the language processing tools. However, to overcome the mentioned challenges and enable intelligent applications the well organized and annotated Kurdish text corpora is needed. This review paper investigates the available textual corpora in the Kurdish language and its dialects and then determined challenges are discussed, open problems are listed and future directions suggested.
{"title":"The Kurdish Language Corpus: State of the Art","authors":"Media S. Azzat, Karwan Jacksi, Ismael Ali","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1123","url":null,"abstract":"The notable growth of the digital communities and different online news streams led to the growing availability of online natural language content. However not all natural languages have the enough attention of being made readable and comprehendible to machines. Among these less resourced and paid attention languages is the Kurdish language. Creating the machine-readable text is the first step toward applications of text mining and semantic web, such as translation, information retrieval and recommendation systems. With the de facto challenges in the Kurdish language, such as the scarcity of linguistic sources and not having unified orthography rules, this language has a lack of the language processing tools. However, to overcome the mentioned challenges and enable intelligent applications the well organized and annotated Kurdish text corpora is needed. This review paper investigates the available textual corpora in the Kurdish language and its dialects and then determined challenges are discussed, open problems are listed and future directions suggested.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80339856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1048
Najlaa Qaseem, M. Khalid, Abdulazeez Y. T. Al-Saffawi
The current study was conducted on the valley of Duhok and the agricultural lands irrigated from it, where three sites were identified for collecting samples quarterly from soil and sediment using clean plastic bags for the purpose of measuring lead, nickel, cobalt and copper. Pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow pollution index (PIN), Potential Ecological Risk (PER) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) were also calculated according to the internationally approved methods. The results indicated that most of lead, nickel and copper concentrations in soils and sediments exceeded the limits allowed by WHO, reaching annual rates (96.758, 168.746 and 29.88) , (111.25, 219.65 and 48.162) mg.kg-1, respectively. This fluctuation in concentrations was reflected in the values of the studied indicators for both soil and sediment, where 50% and 58% of the studied specimen are of the polluted grade and the remnant are of the non-polluted grade according to the PLI values. So is the case with PIN where 58% of the soil specimen and 41.6% of the sediment samples were of the severe pollution grade, while 25% and 33.3% of the specimen were of the heavy pollution grade and the remnant were slightly pollution grade. The same applies to the results of the PER index values, where 50% and 41.67% of the specimen were from the Medium ecological risk category, and the rest were from the low ecological risk category, likewise for the (Igeo) values, 100% and 96% of the soil and sediment samples were from the Weakly polluted category.
{"title":"Qualitative Assessment of Soil and Sediment Pollution with Some Heavy Metals: A Case Study of Duhok Valley in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Najlaa Qaseem, M. Khalid, Abdulazeez Y. T. Al-Saffawi","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1048","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted on the valley of Duhok and the agricultural lands irrigated from it, where three sites were identified for collecting samples quarterly from soil and sediment using clean plastic bags for the purpose of measuring lead, nickel, cobalt and copper. Pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow pollution index (PIN), Potential Ecological Risk (PER) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) were also calculated according to the internationally approved methods. The results indicated that most of lead, nickel and copper concentrations in soils and sediments exceeded the limits allowed by WHO, reaching annual rates (96.758, 168.746 and 29.88) , (111.25, 219.65 and 48.162) mg.kg-1, respectively. This fluctuation in concentrations was reflected in the values of the studied indicators for both soil and sediment, where 50% and 58% of the studied specimen are of the polluted grade and the remnant are of the non-polluted grade according to the PLI values. So is the case with PIN where 58% of the soil specimen and 41.6% of the sediment samples were of the severe pollution grade, while 25% and 33.3% of the specimen were of the heavy pollution grade and the remnant were slightly pollution grade. The same applies to the results of the PER index values, where 50% and 41.67% of the specimen were from the Medium ecological risk category, and the rest were from the low ecological risk category, likewise for the (Igeo) values, 100% and 96% of the soil and sediment samples were from the Weakly polluted category.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84535148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1041
Iman Hami, K. Ibrahim
The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) among patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a significant cause of morbidity in all age groups. The aim of the current study was to identify S. aureus with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Moreover, it aimed to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to detect the presence of the mecA, lukPV and icaA genes in isolated S. aureus among UTIs patients. A total of 402 urine samples were collected from patients diagnosed with UTIs aged (less than 80 years) at Zakho General Hospital in Zakho City, from August 2021 to March 2022. From these samples, a total of 37 (12.6%) S. aureus was identified and molecularly confirmed by the nuc gene. A high prevalence of MRSA 28 (75.7%) was identified from these isolates S. aureus by Oxacillin sensitive test and confirmed by mecA gene. Females were highly infected with UTIs than males, and most cases were in chronic condition and married. In addition, 18 (64.3%) and 21 (75%) of these isolates S. aureus were harbored luk-PV and icaA genes, respectively. There were widespread of antimicrobial resistance patterns for these bacteria. Isolated MRSA were highly sensitive to Imipenem. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation between mecA and both virulence marker genes (luk-PV and icaA) found in MRSA with UTIs. Conclusion, the data demonstrated, for the first time, alarming emergence of multidrug-resistant MRSA isolated from UTIs of community-acquired in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Further studies are required in other cities to report whether or not MRSA is the cause of UTI patients in Iraqi Kurdistan.
{"title":"Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Recovered from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Zakho City/ Kurdistan-Iraq","authors":"Iman Hami, K. Ibrahim","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) among patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a significant cause of morbidity in all age groups. The aim of the current study was to identify S. aureus with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Moreover, it aimed to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to detect the presence of the mecA, lukPV and icaA genes in isolated S. aureus among UTIs patients. A total of 402 urine samples were collected from patients diagnosed with UTIs aged (less than 80 years) at Zakho General Hospital in Zakho City, from August 2021 to March 2022. From these samples, a total of 37 (12.6%) S. aureus was identified and molecularly confirmed by the nuc gene. A high prevalence of MRSA 28 (75.7%) was identified from these isolates S. aureus by Oxacillin sensitive test and confirmed by mecA gene. Females were highly infected with UTIs than males, and most cases were in chronic condition and married. In addition, 18 (64.3%) and 21 (75%) of these isolates S. aureus were harbored luk-PV and icaA genes, respectively. There were widespread of antimicrobial resistance patterns for these bacteria. Isolated MRSA were highly sensitive to Imipenem. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation between mecA and both virulence marker genes (luk-PV and icaA) found in MRSA with UTIs. Conclusion, the data demonstrated, for the first time, alarming emergence of multidrug-resistant MRSA isolated from UTIs of community-acquired in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Further studies are required in other cities to report whether or not MRSA is the cause of UTI patients in Iraqi Kurdistan.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78337361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.993
Omar Musheer Assaf, Siraj Mohammed Abdulla
The effectiveness and usability of a diffusion tube for air quality sampling were assessed at 14 sites throughout an oil and gas production area in Atrush sub-district for measurement of Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in ambient air by Palmes diffusion tubes in air during autumn and winter season of 2021-2022. Using triethanolamine as a trapping agent, the passive sampler collects SO2 and NO2, which are then proven to be sulphate and nitrite using ion chromatography and visible spectrometry. Ion chromatography was used to determine the respective dissolved ionic forms of SO2. Additionally, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry used to analyse NO2 as nitrite. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration was high in locations close to flare with high elevation, as well as in winter season were higher than that of autumn season, the highest average of CPF (Central Processing Facility) is (26.39 ppb), however the highest concentration recorded is below Iraqi standard limit 140 ppb for 24 hr and lowest average at ECP3(Entry Check Point 3) (4.37 ppb) respectively. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were high in locations where heavy equipment’s operated and in diesel consumption areas, highest average of NO2 concentration of E pad (East Pad) is (8.94 ppb), and lowest average was in ECP3 (3.09 ppb).
{"title":"Air Quality Assessment in an Oil and Gas Field at Atrush Area With Particulare Reference to Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioixde","authors":"Omar Musheer Assaf, Siraj Mohammed Abdulla","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.993","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The effectiveness and usability of a diffusion tube for air quality sampling were assessed at 14 sites throughout an oil and gas production area in Atrush sub-district for measurement of Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in ambient air by Palmes diffusion tubes in air during autumn and winter season of 2021-2022. Using triethanolamine as a trapping agent, the passive sampler collects SO2 and NO2, which are then proven to be sulphate and nitrite using ion chromatography and visible spectrometry. Ion chromatography was used to determine the respective dissolved ionic forms of SO2. Additionally, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry used to analyse NO2 as nitrite. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration was high in locations close to flare with high elevation, as well as in winter season were higher than that of autumn season, the highest average of CPF (Central Processing Facility) is (26.39 ppb), however the highest concentration recorded is below Iraqi standard limit 140 ppb for 24 hr and lowest average at ECP3(Entry Check Point 3) (4.37 ppb) respectively. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were high in locations where heavy equipment’s operated and in diesel consumption areas, highest average of NO2 concentration of E pad (East Pad) is (8.94 ppb), and lowest average was in ECP3 (3.09 ppb).\u0000","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"34 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90456593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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