Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i2.5807
Spinix moth commonly known as Hawk moth because of their wing pattern and fast flight which resembled with hawk. Family Sphingidae divided into two subfamilies, Sphinginae and Macroglossinae. Four known species of family Sphingidae first time reported from Sindh Pakistan on the basis of genital characters, earlier there was no any genital work has been done on these species in study localities. Main purpose of this study is to dissect their genitalia for showing relationship among them. Four species of hawk moth (Psilogramma increta, Acheronta styx, Hyles livornica, and Dephnis neri) belonging to two sub families Sphinginae and Macroglossinae were selected for genital dissection. Specimens of these four species of family Sphingidae collected and deposited in Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Zoology University of Sindh Jamshoro. Simple method of dissection applied for genital dissection, abdomen of moths removed from body and boiled in 10% KOH solution for 30 minutes for softening, then soften abdomen washed in distilled water. All scales of moths removed by using camel brush, male female genital organs separated by fine forceps and needles. Genitalia examined under Stereoscopic Binocular microscope with the attachment of digital camera, for their identification. As result there was difference and similarities found in genital structures of these four species. Two species of Subfamily Sphinginae, Psilogramma increta and Acherontia styx shows similarity in genital structures, while Hyles livornica and Dephnis. neri of subfamily Macroglossinae also share some genital characters. These similarities in genital structure show taxonomic relationship among these species because of same habit and habitat.
{"title":"Genitalic Studies of Four Species of Family (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) from Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i2.5807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i2.5807","url":null,"abstract":"Spinix moth commonly known as Hawk moth because of their wing pattern and fast flight which resembled with hawk. Family Sphingidae divided into two subfamilies, Sphinginae and Macroglossinae. Four known species of family Sphingidae first time reported from Sindh Pakistan on the basis of genital characters, earlier there was no any genital work has been done on these species in study localities. Main purpose of this study is to dissect their genitalia for showing relationship among them. Four species of hawk moth (Psilogramma increta, Acheronta styx, Hyles livornica, and Dephnis neri) belonging to two sub families Sphinginae and Macroglossinae were selected for genital dissection. Specimens of these four species of family Sphingidae collected and deposited in Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Zoology University of Sindh Jamshoro. Simple method of dissection applied for genital dissection, abdomen of moths removed from body and boiled in 10% KOH solution for 30 minutes for softening, then soften abdomen washed in distilled water. All scales of moths removed by using camel brush, male female genital organs separated by fine forceps and needles. Genitalia examined under Stereoscopic Binocular microscope with the attachment of digital camera, for their identification. As result there was difference and similarities found in genital structures of these four species. Two species of Subfamily Sphinginae, Psilogramma increta and Acherontia styx shows similarity in genital structures, while Hyles livornica and Dephnis. neri of subfamily Macroglossinae also share some genital characters. These similarities in genital structure show taxonomic relationship among these species because of same habit and habitat.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"549 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77195742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i2.5804
District Badin. The Sampling was carried out from February 2015 to November 2015 and fresh fish specimens were brought to the Fisheries Science Laboratory, Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, in Ice Box for further analysis. Each fish was measured for total length (cm) and total weight (g) separately for male and female. The fish were dissected and their gonads were removed and weighed, the same were used for fecundity analysis. Fecundity was estimated by gravimetric method. Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) was analyzed with the formula GSI= (GW × 100)/BW. Egg size was measured under binocular microscope.In total 256 specimens (combined sex) were analyzed for the study, there were 105 male and 151 female individuals, making a female and male percentage 58.98 % and 41.015 %, respectively. The total length and weight of male P. ticto ranged between 4.0 -9.4 cm and 3.8-12.3 g, respectively, whereas the length and weight of female P. ticto ranged between 5.4-10.2 cm and 5.2-15.2 g, respectively. Female analyzed during study were larger than male.Maximum values of Gonado-Somatic Index were observed in August (6.32) followed by a decline then after, indicating a single spawning season.Fecundity of P. ticto ranged between 433.5-2625.5, with average values of 1363.7±614.99. Correlation between fecundity and body parameters (Total length, Total weight and Gonadal weight) extracted higher R2 values with total weight of fish.Information on reproductive biology of P. ticto will be helpful for developing and application of breeding and conservation strategies of this species.
{"title":"Reproductive Aspects of Puntius ticto from Dafri Lake, Badin, Sindh, Southern Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i2.5804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i2.5804","url":null,"abstract":"District Badin. The Sampling was carried out from February 2015 to November 2015 and fresh fish specimens were brought to the Fisheries Science Laboratory, Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, in Ice Box for further analysis. Each fish was measured for total length (cm) and total weight (g) separately for male and female. The fish were dissected and their gonads were removed and weighed, the same were used for fecundity analysis. Fecundity was estimated by gravimetric method. Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) was analyzed with the formula GSI= (GW × 100)/BW. Egg size was measured under binocular microscope.In total 256 specimens (combined sex) were analyzed for the study, there were 105 male and 151 female individuals, making a female and male percentage 58.98 % and 41.015 %, respectively. The total length and weight of male P. ticto ranged between 4.0 -9.4 cm and 3.8-12.3 g, respectively, whereas the length and weight of female P. ticto ranged between 5.4-10.2 cm and 5.2-15.2 g, respectively. Female analyzed during study were larger than male.Maximum values of Gonado-Somatic Index were observed in August (6.32) followed by a decline then after, indicating a single spawning season.Fecundity of P. ticto ranged between 433.5-2625.5, with average values of 1363.7±614.99. Correlation between fecundity and body parameters (Total length, Total weight and Gonadal weight) extracted higher R2 values with total weight of fish.Information on reproductive biology of P. ticto will be helpful for developing and application of breeding and conservation strategies of this species.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90174913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i2.5803
The research work describes the elemental composition and properties like ash content, wood density, and calorific values of Acacia senegal,Prosopis cineraria andSalvadora oleoides. The calorific values of plants were calculated by bomb calorimeter. The results show that indigenous species Acacia senegal and Prosopis cinerariaas fuelwood species in well appropriate and have low ash content, high wood density. The best auspicious product shows the blend of Acacia senegaland Prosopis cineraria (50% + 50%) has 23.109 KJ/g which is maximum calorific value. An elemental analysis results show that the Acacia senegalandProsopis cinerariahas higher Carbon which indicates the high calorific values, in the Salvadora oleoidesthe least calorific value and low carbon content
{"title":"Determination of Calorific Values of Prosopis cineraria, Acacia Senegal and Salvadora oleoides and their Blends","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i2.5803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i2.5803","url":null,"abstract":"The research work describes the elemental composition and properties like ash content, wood density, and calorific values of Acacia senegal,Prosopis cineraria andSalvadora oleoides. The calorific values of plants were calculated by bomb calorimeter. The results show that indigenous species Acacia senegal and Prosopis cinerariaas fuelwood species in well appropriate and have low ash content, high wood density. The best auspicious product shows the blend of Acacia senegaland Prosopis cineraria (50% + 50%) has 23.109 KJ/g which is maximum calorific value. An elemental analysis results show that the Acacia senegalandProsopis cinerariahas higher Carbon which indicates the high calorific values, in the Salvadora oleoidesthe least calorific value and low carbon content","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84127520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i2.5806
The core of the current study is to find out a different source of diet that stimulates better growth rate and low-cost feed for commercial fish milkfish Chanos chanos. This study was to assess the impact of partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in the diet of juvenile milkfish, Chanos chanos (initial weight 25 ± 0.6 g). The juveniles were fed with two types of iso-nitrogenous diets (40% crude protein). Plant protein source diet (D1) comprised of soybean meal 45% and 10% fish meal, while animal protein source diet (D2) contained fish meal 25% and soybean meal 30%. The trial was conducted with two replications for 60 days. Fish juveniles (10 each) were stocked in outdoor fiberglass seawater tanks (5000 Liters). Results revealed that final weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly lower in fish fed D2 diet. Fish fed D1 had better feed efficiency, weight gain (21.88 ± 1.9 g), and SGR (1.05 ± 0.3), while D2 had a lower growth rate, WG (18.71 ± 2.3 g) and SGR (0.93 ± 0.2). The maximum growth rate found on plant diet which is significantly higher weight gain than D2. In D2 feed conversion ratio (0.54 ± 0.21) was significantly higher (P≤0.05). Condition factor among both treatments did not differ significantly (P≥0.05). The survival rate remained constant (100%) in both treatments. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended that 45% soybean meal with addition of 10% fishmeal (40% protein) is more effective than 30% soybean meal with addition of 25% fish meal to the omnivorous milkfish for aquaculture.
{"title":"Dietary replacement of fish meal with soybean meal for the optimal growth of Juvenile Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) in seawater tanks","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i2.5806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i2.5806","url":null,"abstract":"The core of the current study is to find out a different source of diet that stimulates better growth rate and low-cost feed for commercial fish milkfish Chanos chanos. This study was to assess the impact of partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in the diet of juvenile milkfish, Chanos chanos (initial weight 25 ± 0.6 g). The juveniles were fed with two types of iso-nitrogenous diets (40% crude protein). Plant protein source diet (D1) comprised of soybean meal 45% and 10% fish meal, while animal protein source diet (D2) contained fish meal 25% and soybean meal 30%. The trial was conducted with two replications for 60 days. Fish juveniles (10 each) were stocked in outdoor fiberglass seawater tanks (5000 Liters). Results revealed that final weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly lower in fish fed D2 diet. Fish fed D1 had better feed efficiency, weight gain (21.88 ± 1.9 g), and SGR (1.05 ± 0.3), while D2 had a lower growth rate, WG (18.71 ± 2.3 g) and SGR (0.93 ± 0.2). The maximum growth rate found on plant diet which is significantly higher weight gain than D2. In D2 feed conversion ratio (0.54 ± 0.21) was significantly higher (P≤0.05). Condition factor among both treatments did not differ significantly (P≥0.05). The survival rate remained constant (100%) in both treatments. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended that 45% soybean meal with addition of 10% fishmeal (40% protein) is more effective than 30% soybean meal with addition of 25% fish meal to the omnivorous milkfish for aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78640804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i2.5808
This paper proposes a scale that can be used by outreach activists for the assessment of depression to avoid suicide of public figures. This scale is developed based on known risk factors contributing to depression. Information on these risk factors is mostly available on celebrities and dignitaries from the sources in public domain, allowing the proposed scale to be used by an outreach activist, unlike all the existing scales including HDRS, PHQ-9, and BDI which require self-reporting by the subject. The risk factors are divided into plight and shock/trauma. The score assigned to the former varies over time, whereas the score attributed to the latter remains constant. Cumulative score of a subject on the scale is estimated on any point in time under study as an algebraic sum of individual scores assigned to individual risk factors. Subjects of study are celebrities, who were studied through their profiles, biographies, interviews, and news items available in public domain. They were scored on the proposed scale considering the life events and situation facing them. Out of 18 subjects, 9 were suicidal and 9 were non-suicidal. The scale appears to provide clear dichotomy between suicidal and non-suicidal subjects. The Student’s t-test suggests that the proposed shock and plight scale can be used to assess depression and identify individuals who are potentially at a risk of suicide.
{"title":"A shock and plight scale for assessment of depression to prevent suicide in public figures","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i2.5808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i2.5808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a scale that can be used by outreach activists for the assessment of depression to avoid suicide of public figures. This scale is developed based on known risk factors contributing to depression. Information on these risk factors is mostly available on celebrities and dignitaries from the sources in public domain, allowing the proposed scale to be used by an outreach activist, unlike all the existing scales including HDRS, PHQ-9, and BDI which require self-reporting by the subject. The risk factors are divided into plight and shock/trauma. The score assigned to the former varies over time, whereas the score attributed to the latter remains constant. Cumulative score of a subject on the scale is estimated on any point in time under study as an algebraic sum of individual scores assigned to individual risk factors. Subjects of study are celebrities, who were studied through their profiles, biographies, interviews, and news items available in public domain. They were scored on the proposed scale considering the life events and situation facing them. Out of 18 subjects, 9 were suicidal and 9 were non-suicidal. The scale appears to provide clear dichotomy between suicidal and non-suicidal subjects. The Student’s t-test suggests that the proposed shock and plight scale can be used to assess depression and identify individuals who are potentially at a risk of suicide.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81309791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i2.5802
A. Nawaz
In Pakistan, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on February 26, 2020. As of September 18, 2020, Pakistan had 304,386 confirmed cases, out of which 291,683 patients were discharged, and 6,408 (2%) deaths took place. This narrative aimed to rapidly review Pakistan’s early successes in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, Pakistan did not allow anyone to enter the country from China, the center of the outbreak. National Command Operation Center (NCOC) ordered a lockdown for one month. However, Prime Minister (PM) and NCOC converted it into a Smart Lockdown to minimize the economic losses. Some quick and early initiatives by Pakistani leadership included the formulation of SOPs and initiation of programs like Resource Management System (RMS), Pak Negheyban application, Integrated Disease Information Management System (IDIMS), National helpline-1166, WhatsApp Chatbot (+92300-1111166), Isolated Hospitals, Infectious Treatment Centre, COVID-19 Telehealth Portal, Community Mobilization, Prime Minister's Relief Fund, Ehsaas Program, Smart Lockdowns, and Tiger Force. Early and quick initiatives by Pakistan helped slow down the spread of infection in the country. These initiatives against COVID-19 were also praised by WHO and included Pakistan among countries that effectively control the spread of infection.
{"title":"COVID-19 and early responses of Pakistan to mitigate the pandemic: A quick review","authors":"A. Nawaz","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i2.5802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i2.5802","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on February 26, 2020. As of September 18, 2020, Pakistan had 304,386 confirmed cases, out of which 291,683 patients were discharged, and 6,408 (2%) deaths took place. This narrative aimed to rapidly review Pakistan’s early successes in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, Pakistan did not allow anyone to enter the country from China, the center of the outbreak. National Command Operation Center (NCOC) ordered a lockdown for one month. However, Prime Minister (PM) and NCOC converted it into a Smart Lockdown to minimize the economic losses. Some quick and early initiatives by Pakistani leadership included the formulation of SOPs and initiation of programs like Resource Management System (RMS), Pak Negheyban application, Integrated Disease Information Management System (IDIMS), National helpline-1166, WhatsApp Chatbot (+92300-1111166), Isolated Hospitals, Infectious Treatment Centre, COVID-19 Telehealth Portal, Community Mobilization, Prime Minister's Relief Fund, Ehsaas Program, Smart Lockdowns, and Tiger Force. Early and quick initiatives by Pakistan helped slow down the spread of infection in the country. These initiatives against COVID-19 were also praised by WHO and included Pakistan among countries that effectively control the spread of infection.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86523894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4491
Diabetes mellitus is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide. Diet-based approaches to treating various health disorders are considered safe, economical, and sustainable. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one of the methods used worldwide for the management of diabetes millets. The present study was designed to achieve the following objectives: to analyze bitter melon seed (BMS) and aloe vera gel (AVG) powder for proximate and mineral content; to develop functional chicken nuggets by using various concentrations of both powdered and their compositional analyses and to probe the antidiabetic potential of powders in synergy. A control and two formulations were selected, based on consumer acceptability, for efficacy trial through the animal model of 30 days. For this purpose, 18 diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The groups included the positive control group (G0, normal diet) and two other groups with different AVG and BMS powder. G1 group received 50% BMS and 50% AVG powder whereas, G2 was fed on 75% BMS and 25% AVG powder per day. G1 showed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid, whereas the G2 showed improvement in insulin, HDL-Cholesterol, and triglycerides levels whereas showed better control over time. Supplementation of BMS and AVG can help to control hyperglycemia and related complications.
{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Impact of Momordica Charantia Seed and Aloe Barbadensis Miller Gel Powder in Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4491","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide. Diet-based approaches to treating various health disorders are considered safe, economical, and sustainable. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one of the methods used worldwide for the management of diabetes millets. The present study was designed to achieve the following objectives: to analyze bitter melon seed (BMS) and aloe vera gel (AVG) powder for proximate and mineral content; to develop functional chicken nuggets by using various concentrations of both powdered and their compositional analyses and to probe the antidiabetic potential of powders in synergy. A control and two formulations were selected, based on consumer acceptability, for efficacy trial through the animal model of 30 days. For this purpose, 18 diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The groups included the positive control group (G0, normal diet) and two other groups with different AVG and BMS powder. G1 group received 50% BMS and 50% AVG powder whereas, G2 was fed on 75% BMS and 25% AVG powder per day. G1 showed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid, whereas the G2 showed improvement in insulin, HDL-Cholesterol, and triglycerides levels whereas showed better control over time. Supplementation of BMS and AVG can help to control hyperglycemia and related complications.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78857389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4496
The up-gradation in Trickle bed reactors performance obtained by varying process hydrodynamics and raw feed materials to acquire a uniform reactive region. The primary objective of this review study is to develop novel empirical approach which solely exemplifies the reaction setup and hydrodynamics for better reactor performance. The transformation of single phase into the intermediate phase and then to product is quite dependent on raw material characteristics and reactor’s geometrical features. The main streams in these reactors are fed at high pressure. The flow region in Trickle bed reactor depends upon pressure drop, fixed bed temperature and hydrodynamics of the liquid phases. The experiments on reaction rate are concerned with mass transfer diffusion between the reactive phases. It is observed that diffusion rate is decreased by increasing the liquid recycling. Hence, the reaction rate becomes lower and it effects the overall yield of the Trickle bed reactor. In conclusion, this review study gives the understanding of the hydrodynamics and its dependencies on various factors such as particles void fraction, product yield, reactive flow region and liquid phase velocity. It results in a novel solution which elaborates the complex reaction and phase dynamics. The shock waves recorded from the Trickle bed reactor column confirm reaction on catalyst bed. The Trickle bed reactor is helpful in dealing the processes with high pressure and temperature. This work forecasts better process selectivity for this model which makes it commercially successful.
{"title":"Efficacy of Intensified Parameters in the Trickle Bed Reactors Towards an Optimum Performance","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4496","url":null,"abstract":"The up-gradation in Trickle bed reactors performance obtained by varying process hydrodynamics and raw feed materials to acquire a uniform reactive region. The primary objective of this review study is to develop novel empirical approach which solely exemplifies the reaction setup and hydrodynamics for better reactor performance. The transformation of single phase into the intermediate phase and then to product is quite dependent on raw material characteristics and reactor’s geometrical features. The main streams in these reactors are fed at high pressure. The flow region in Trickle bed reactor depends upon pressure drop, fixed bed temperature and hydrodynamics of the liquid phases. The experiments on reaction rate are concerned with mass transfer diffusion between the reactive phases. It is observed that diffusion rate is decreased by increasing the liquid recycling. Hence, the reaction rate becomes lower and it effects the overall yield of the Trickle bed reactor. In conclusion, this review study gives the understanding of the hydrodynamics and its dependencies on various factors such as particles void fraction, product yield, reactive flow region and liquid phase velocity. It results in a novel solution which elaborates the complex reaction and phase dynamics. The shock waves recorded from the Trickle bed reactor column confirm reaction on catalyst bed. The Trickle bed reactor is helpful in dealing the processes with high pressure and temperature. This work forecasts better process selectivity for this model which makes it commercially successful.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"379 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74256014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4495
The cotton seedcake is most widely used food supplement for dairy cattle in Sindh. Cotton seedcakes (CSCs) when not properly maintained under optimal conditions, lead to mold colonization, which causes aflatoxicosis in dairy farm animals. The aflatoxin (AFB1) is transmitted through milk (AFM1) and possibly pose great risk to human health. In the current study, prevalence and quantification of Aflatoxin in CSC has been carried out using the ELISA technique. Total 315 CSC samples were collected from dairy farms located in three zones of Sindh, i.e., the southern zone (districts Karachi, Thatta, Hyderabad), central zone (districts Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Shaheed Benazir Abad) and northern zone (districts Naushahro Feroze, Sukkur, and Larkana). The findings suggest that AFB1 levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the samples obtained from southern zone as compared to central and northern zone. Although, except Karachi (AFB1 level 7.52 µg/kg), all other districts of all three zones were statistically non-significant, therefore, it is concluded that Karachi has high contamination of Aflatoxin contamination in CSC which may possibly cause the health risks in the population of area.
{"title":"Aflatoxin Contamination in Cotton Seed Cake Used as Dietary Supplement in Cattle in Dairy Farms of Sindh","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4495","url":null,"abstract":"The cotton seedcake is most widely used food supplement for dairy cattle in Sindh. Cotton seedcakes (CSCs) when not properly maintained under optimal conditions, lead to mold colonization, which causes aflatoxicosis in dairy farm animals. The aflatoxin (AFB1) is transmitted through milk (AFM1) and possibly pose great risk to human health. In the current study, prevalence and quantification of Aflatoxin in CSC has been carried out using the ELISA technique. Total 315 CSC samples were collected from dairy farms located in three zones of Sindh, i.e., the southern zone (districts Karachi, Thatta, Hyderabad), central zone (districts Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Shaheed Benazir Abad) and northern zone (districts Naushahro Feroze, Sukkur, and Larkana). The findings suggest that AFB1 levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the samples obtained from southern zone as compared to central and northern zone. Although, except Karachi (AFB1 level 7.52 µg/kg), all other districts of all three zones were statistically non-significant, therefore, it is concluded that Karachi has high contamination of Aflatoxin contamination in CSC which may possibly cause the health risks in the population of area.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89689703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4493
Heavy metals in the environment can cause serious health problems to plants and animals. Plants absorb Pb from the soil as well as from the air. Experiments in the laboratory and in the pot-house conditions were carried out at the center for the environmental sciences, the University of Sindh, Jamshoro to see the effect of lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2 on the yield and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiments were conducted in a factorial design with three replicates. Six wheat varieties namely Abadgar, SKD-1, Anmol-91, Tj-83, Imdad, and Sonalika, were tested for lead acetate tolerance. Four treatment T1= Control (no lead application), T2= 30ppm Pb acetate, T3= 50ppm Pb acetate, and T4= 70ppm Pb acetate were designed. Results indicated that variety SKD-1 produced significantly higher shoot and root length at 30, 50, and 70ppm lead acetate stress than other varieties. An analysis of variance revealed that lead had a considerable impact on yield and yield-related characteristics except for SPAD chlorophyll, the genotype-treatment interaction was significant for all characteristics. The varieties Imdad and SKD-1 produced the highest grains spike-1 (39.6 and 37.0) and grain yields plant-1 (14.33 and 13.0gram) respectively, at the highest stress level and are declared as tolerant cultivars.
{"title":"Effect of Lead Acetate (Pb(C2H3O2)2) on Yield and Yield Associated Traits of Different Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4493","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals in the environment can cause serious health problems to plants and animals. Plants absorb Pb from the soil as well as from the air. Experiments in the laboratory and in the pot-house conditions were carried out at the center for the environmental sciences, the University of Sindh, Jamshoro to see the effect of lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2 on the yield and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiments were conducted in a factorial design with three replicates. Six wheat varieties namely Abadgar, SKD-1, Anmol-91, Tj-83, Imdad, and Sonalika, were tested for lead acetate tolerance. Four treatment T1= Control (no lead application), T2= 30ppm Pb acetate, T3= 50ppm Pb acetate, and T4= 70ppm Pb acetate were designed. Results indicated that variety SKD-1 produced significantly higher shoot and root length at 30, 50, and 70ppm lead acetate stress than other varieties. An analysis of variance revealed that lead had a considerable impact on yield and yield-related characteristics except for SPAD chlorophyll, the genotype-treatment interaction was significant for all characteristics. The varieties Imdad and SKD-1 produced the highest grains spike-1 (39.6 and 37.0) and grain yields plant-1 (14.33 and 13.0gram) respectively, at the highest stress level and are declared as tolerant cultivars.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83084640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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