Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4494
Urban Heat Island is considered one of the main causes of urbanization. It impacts the overall livability of a city. It is mainly due to the biophysical changes of the land surface due to urbanization. This study is based on three cities of Sindh namely: Hyderabad, Sukkur and Larkana. To study the UHI effects, a Land Surface Temperature algorithm is used. Land use land cover changes are identified by using Maximum likelihood classification. This study reveals that there is a major change in urban development in Hyderabad and Sukkur that is (82 to 97) Km2 and (18 to 25.7) Km2, respectively. While, in Larkana, minimal urban development is observed (33 to 34.6) Km2. Similarly, massive changes in vegetation are also observed in Sukkur and Larkana from 1990 to 2020 that are (90 to 161) Km2 and (82 to 331) Km2, respectively. Increase in vegetation is majorly due to the agricultural activities mainly occurring in different seasons. This study confirms that the LST has a strong negative correlation with NDVI because with increasing vegetation the LST is reduced. The findings also reveal that the major source of increased surface temperature is not only urban areas but the bare lands. The study finds that the skin temperature of the ground drops at least 3-5 degrees in the areas having a water body or any vegetation. This research highlights the importance of the inclusion of green strategies in better and effective urban planning to maintain a healthy urban environment.
{"title":"Assessment of Urban Heat Island and Spatiotemporal Landscape Transformation In Three Cities Of Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4494","url":null,"abstract":"Urban Heat Island is considered one of the main causes of urbanization. It impacts the overall livability of a city. It is mainly due to the biophysical changes of the land surface due to urbanization. This study is based on three cities of Sindh namely: Hyderabad, Sukkur and Larkana. To study the UHI effects, a Land Surface Temperature algorithm is used. Land use land cover changes are identified by using Maximum likelihood classification. This study reveals that there is a major change in urban development in Hyderabad and Sukkur that is (82 to 97) Km2 and (18 to 25.7) Km2, respectively. While, in Larkana, minimal urban development is observed (33 to 34.6) Km2. Similarly, massive changes in vegetation are also observed in Sukkur and Larkana from 1990 to 2020 that are (90 to 161) Km2 and (82 to 331) Km2, respectively. Increase in vegetation is majorly due to the agricultural activities mainly occurring in different seasons. This study confirms that the LST has a strong negative correlation with NDVI because with increasing vegetation the LST is reduced. The findings also reveal that the major source of increased surface temperature is not only urban areas but the bare lands. The study finds that the skin temperature of the ground drops at least 3-5 degrees in the areas having a water body or any vegetation. This research highlights the importance of the inclusion of green strategies in better and effective urban planning to maintain a healthy urban environment.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74283919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4492
The present research was carried out on the impact of two management systems on yield, physico-chemical and sensory attributes of Kachhi sheep milk. Twelve Kachhi sheep were randomly selected and divided into two groups and were reared under the intensive and semi-intensive management systems. The animals under intensive management system (group A) kept indoors and fed with green fodder and concentrate ration, while sheep in the semi-intensive management system (group B) retained indoors during the night and moved for grazing during the daytime and fed concentrate ration at evening. Maximum yield of milk (P<0.05) was noticed in Kachhi sheep managed under semi-intensive management system compared to sheep reared in intensive management system. However, physical attributes (specific gravity and pH values) were higher (P>0.05) in milk of sheep reared under semi-intensive management system in contrast to sheep kept under intensive management system. Chemical characteristics of milk like (fat and protein) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in milk of sheep reared under semi-intensive management system, while non-significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between the value of lactose and ash contents in milk of Kachhi sheep reared under intensive and semi-intensive management system. Moreover, sensory attributes; taste, color, texture, and overall acceptability of Kachhi sheep milk reared under semi-intensive management system perceived high (P<0.05) score by the panel of judges, whereas non-significant variation was noted in odor/aroma of Kachhi sheep milk managed under intensive and semi-intensive management systems. It could be concluded that Kachhi sheep reared under semi-intensive system had higher milk yield, better physico-chemical quality and excellent organoleptic/sensory attributes compared to the sheep kept under intensive management system.
{"title":"Impact of Management Systems on Yield and Quality Attributes of Kachhi Sheep Milk","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4492","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was carried out on the impact of two management systems on yield, physico-chemical and sensory attributes of Kachhi sheep milk. Twelve Kachhi sheep were randomly selected and divided into two groups and were reared under the intensive and semi-intensive management systems. The animals under intensive management system (group A) kept indoors and fed with green fodder and concentrate ration, while sheep in the semi-intensive management system (group B) retained indoors during the night and moved for grazing during the daytime and fed concentrate ration at evening. Maximum yield of milk (P<0.05) was noticed in Kachhi sheep managed under semi-intensive management system compared to sheep reared in intensive management system. However, physical attributes (specific gravity and pH values) were higher (P>0.05) in milk of sheep reared under semi-intensive management system in contrast to sheep kept under intensive management system. Chemical characteristics of milk like (fat and protein) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in milk of sheep reared under semi-intensive management system, while non-significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between the value of lactose and ash contents in milk of Kachhi sheep reared under intensive and semi-intensive management system. Moreover, sensory attributes; taste, color, texture, and overall acceptability of Kachhi sheep milk reared under semi-intensive management system perceived high (P<0.05) score by the panel of judges, whereas non-significant variation was noted in odor/aroma of Kachhi sheep milk managed under intensive and semi-intensive management systems. It could be concluded that Kachhi sheep reared under semi-intensive system had higher milk yield, better physico-chemical quality and excellent organoleptic/sensory attributes compared to the sheep kept under intensive management system.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81032663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4497
The reverse water-gas shift reaction (RWGS) had a critical stage in the conversion of abundant carbon dioxide into chemicals or hydrocarbon fuels and has attracted widespread interest as a renewable fuel assembly system in unconventional ways. Interest has been in industrial applications such as the catalytic activity, carbon dioxide conversion, kinetics, and efficacy levels of tungsten carbide-supported catalysts and carbide oxide catalysts for the production of RWGS reaction. Additionally, carbide oxides have the ability to enhance RWGS and develop high-performance catalysts in RWGS. The RWGS reaction was (CO2 + H2 ↔ CO + H2O; ΔG°=27.94kJ/mol) an exothermic reaction that exhibits equilibrium conversion with temperature.
{"title":"Kinetic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide in Supported Tungsten Carbide Catalysts and Oxide Catalysts for the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4497","url":null,"abstract":"The reverse water-gas shift reaction (RWGS) had a critical stage in the conversion of abundant carbon dioxide into chemicals or hydrocarbon fuels and has attracted widespread interest as a renewable fuel assembly system in unconventional ways. Interest has been in industrial applications such as the catalytic activity, carbon dioxide conversion, kinetics, and efficacy levels of tungsten carbide-supported catalysts and carbide oxide catalysts for the production of RWGS reaction. Additionally, carbide oxides have the ability to enhance RWGS and develop high-performance catalysts in RWGS. The RWGS reaction was (CO2 + H2 ↔ CO + H2O; ΔG°=27.94kJ/mol) an exothermic reaction that exhibits equilibrium conversion with temperature.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82806872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.26692/surj.v54i1.4490
Almost 160 plant species are being infested by whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) throughout South Asian countries including Pakistan. Whiteflies are tiny, sap-sucking insects that may become an abundant pest in vegetable and ornamental plantings, especially during warm weather. Whitefly was initially controlled by using different synthetic chemicals, but now resistance is developed in sucking pests against different groups of chemicals, so the trend has now lifted towards the use of biological control agents. Predatory mites are voracious predators that can feed on all instars of whiteflies including adults. The objective of this trial was to check the population fluctuation of predatory mites on chilies in relation to metrological factors and to know the feeding rates of predatory mites against whiteflies instars under laboratory conditions. According to the results, the maximum population (3.49) of a predatory mite on chilies leaves was observed in the last week of March, while the minimum population (1.34) was observed during 3rd week of February and March which was mainly due to heavy rainfall (34mm in February and 46mm in March). Overall, there was also a small increase in the population with the temperature rise. To evaluate the predatory potential, four treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4), were considered by using different instars of mites in each cell as prey with a predator and T4 as control. Fifteen individuals of each stage of whitefly from eggs to 4th instar were provided in different cells of each predatory mite. The results showed that predatory behavior tends to decrease while feeding against the egg stage to the 4th instar. As in the case of Treatment # 3 (T3), the feeding was gradually reduced against prey from 7.33 to 5.00 while feeding on the 1st to 4th instar. The predatory potential of T1 was less than T3 due to fewer mites in T1 (2/cell). Thus, it is concluded that predatory mites can be used as potential biocontrol agents against all stages of Bemisia species.
{"title":"Population Dynamics of Predatory Mites on Chilies and their Efficacy Against Whitefly (Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v54i1.4490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v54i1.4490","url":null,"abstract":"Almost 160 plant species are being infested by whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) throughout South Asian countries including Pakistan. Whiteflies are tiny, sap-sucking insects that may become an abundant pest in vegetable and ornamental plantings, especially during warm weather. Whitefly was initially controlled by using different synthetic chemicals, but now resistance is developed in sucking pests against different groups of chemicals, so the trend has now lifted towards the use of biological control agents. Predatory mites are voracious predators that can feed on all instars of whiteflies including adults. The objective of this trial was to check the population fluctuation of predatory mites on chilies in relation to metrological factors and to know the feeding rates of predatory mites against whiteflies instars under laboratory conditions. According to the results, the maximum population (3.49) of a predatory mite on chilies leaves was observed in the last week of March, while the minimum population (1.34) was observed during 3rd week of February and March which was mainly due to heavy rainfall (34mm in February and 46mm in March). Overall, there was also a small increase in the population with the temperature rise. To evaluate the predatory potential, four treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4), were considered by using different instars of mites in each cell as prey with a predator and T4 as control. Fifteen individuals of each stage of whitefly from eggs to 4th instar were provided in different cells of each predatory mite. The results showed that predatory behavior tends to decrease while feeding against the egg stage to the 4th instar. As in the case of Treatment # 3 (T3), the feeding was gradually reduced against prey from 7.33 to 5.00 while feeding on the 1st to 4th instar. The predatory potential of T1 was less than T3 due to fewer mites in T1 (2/cell). Thus, it is concluded that predatory mites can be used as potential biocontrol agents against all stages of Bemisia species.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78367746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4221
Muhammad Irfan Leghari, Syed Asif Ali
The aim of present study is to bring Human-Computer Interaction strategy to bridge the reading-writing issues faced by intellectual disabled Down Syndrome Students with the support of Interactive Technology. We have used mixed methodology, wherein an online survey is processed across the Pakistan to evaluate medium of computing technology accessed by Down syndrome students and to identify the problems faced in reading-writing. A practical approach carried out to observe the mental strengths and thinking potential through hands-on practice with desktop, portable devices, smart phones, and specific applications. A proposed Interactive Learning Model compensate the barriers faced in reading- writing through using assistive technology services and applications. The results show that the assistive technology and relative services enhance the thinking and decision-making abilities. Interactive technology and smart solutions provide a continuously support with touch-to-speak technology to develop language skills and expressing their thoughts, communication control and decrease frustration. Tough-type-read-spell oriented custom software to improve reading and spelling skills and to provide paperless advantage.
{"title":"Enhancing mental skills for better Reading-writing abilities using Interactive assistive Technology: A survey-based study for Down Syndrome Students","authors":"Muhammad Irfan Leghari, Syed Asif Ali","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4221","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of present study is to bring Human-Computer Interaction strategy to bridge the reading-writing issues faced by intellectual disabled Down Syndrome Students with the support of Interactive Technology. We have used mixed methodology, wherein an online survey is processed across the Pakistan to evaluate medium of computing technology accessed by Down syndrome students and to identify the problems faced in reading-writing. A practical approach carried out to observe the mental strengths and thinking potential through hands-on practice with desktop, portable devices, smart phones, and specific applications. A proposed Interactive Learning Model compensate the barriers faced in reading- writing through using assistive technology services and applications. The results show that the assistive technology and relative services enhance the thinking and decision-making abilities. Interactive technology and smart solutions provide a continuously support with touch-to-speak technology to develop language skills and expressing their thoughts, communication control and decrease frustration. Tough-type-read-spell oriented custom software to improve reading and spelling skills and to provide paperless advantage.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"453 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76802489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4219
G. Yasin, I. Anwer, A. Ahmad, A. Altaf, Shahzadi Saima, Asma Kanwal
The present study was conducted to explore the nutrient ions status, their uptake ratio and floristic indices of some medicinal plants of Cholistan desert of Pakistan from Drawar fort area. Vegetations on sand dunes of approximately equal size were evaluated with three replications. In soil of zone 1 (top of dune), maximum frequency (100) of Caligonum polygonoides and minimum (33.34) of Salsola imbricata and Capparis decidua were recorded. In soil of zone 2, maximum frequency (100) of Caligonum polygonoides while minimum (33.33) of Calotropis procera while in zone 3, 100% frequency of lonely species Symbopogon jawarancusa was observed. In soil of zone 1, maximum concentrations were of sodium (Na), bicarbonate (HCO3), nitrogen ((N) and organic matter (OM) while in soil of zone 2, EC, pH, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were maximum. Leaf K and Na were the highest (27.10mg/g) and (118.36mg/g) respectively in Prosopis cineraria. Leaf P was the highest (0.42mg/g) in Prosopis cineraria also. Maximum stem Na (333.00mg/g) was in Salsola imbricata. In flowers, highest P (0.42mg/g) was found in flower of Salsola imbricata.
{"title":"Floristic Indices and ion content of Some Medicinal Plants along Sand Dunes Altitude in Cholistan Desert of Pakistan","authors":"G. Yasin, I. Anwer, A. Ahmad, A. Altaf, Shahzadi Saima, Asma Kanwal","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4219","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to explore the nutrient ions status, their uptake ratio and floristic indices of some medicinal plants of Cholistan desert of Pakistan from Drawar fort area. Vegetations on sand dunes of approximately equal size were evaluated with three replications. In soil of zone 1 (top of dune), maximum frequency (100) of Caligonum polygonoides and minimum (33.34) of Salsola imbricata and Capparis decidua were recorded. In soil of zone 2, maximum frequency (100) of Caligonum polygonoides while minimum (33.33) of Calotropis procera while in zone 3, 100% frequency of lonely species Symbopogon jawarancusa was observed. In soil of zone 1, maximum concentrations were of sodium (Na), bicarbonate (HCO3), nitrogen ((N) and organic matter (OM) while in soil of zone 2, EC, pH, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were maximum. Leaf K and Na were the highest (27.10mg/g) and (118.36mg/g) respectively in Prosopis cineraria. Leaf P was the highest (0.42mg/g) in Prosopis cineraria also. Maximum stem Na (333.00mg/g) was in Salsola imbricata. In flowers, highest P (0.42mg/g) was found in flower of Salsola imbricata.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84092198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4226
The AISI 1045 steel is one of the structural steels widely used in the automotive sector for several key components such as connecting shafts, axles etc. It is also used in petrochemicals and power generation units. In material science and engineering, four interdependent parameters are of paramount importance: process, structure, properties and performance. Among all factors, the microstructure is of utmost importance since it governs the properties at large. For instance, the shape, size and distribution of micro- constituents play a vital role therein. Therefore, the main objective is to investigate the influence of thermal correlation on the material, such as annealing, normalizing, tempering and hardening. This was followed by the characterization utilizing Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Impact Testing and Rockwell Hardness Tester. In addition, the microstructure was also studied using the Optical Microscope with up to 1000x optical zoom. Results suggested an improved toughness and hardness when tempering temperature was reduced. This is attributed to decreased grain sizes of micro-constituents upon such treatment.
{"title":"Influence of Heat-Treatment on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristic of Steel","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4226","url":null,"abstract":"The AISI 1045 steel is one of the structural steels widely used in the automotive sector for several key components such as connecting shafts, axles etc. It is also used in petrochemicals and power generation units. In material science and engineering, four interdependent parameters are of paramount importance: process, structure, properties and performance. Among all factors, the microstructure is of utmost importance since it governs the properties at large. For instance, the shape, size and distribution of micro- constituents play a vital role therein. Therefore, the main objective is to investigate the influence of thermal correlation on the material, such as annealing, normalizing, tempering and hardening. This was followed by the characterization utilizing Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Impact Testing and Rockwell Hardness Tester. In addition, the microstructure was also studied using the Optical Microscope with up to 1000x optical zoom. Results suggested an improved toughness and hardness when tempering temperature was reduced. This is attributed to decreased grain sizes of micro-constituents upon such treatment.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85899891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4217
Shaheen Kousar, M. Naeem, A. Ishtiaq, S. Hassan, A. Naeem
Fish is primary protein source for human being in the universe. Overall 50 fish specimen of Eutropiithys vacha were collected from Indus River, Head Tounsa, Pakistan to check the effect of calcium and magnesium in the fish by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in fish showed highly significant correlation between size (weight and length) and body burden of E. vacha. Calcium and magnesium, showed isometric relationships with body weight of wild E. vacha, indicating increase of concentrations of Ca and Mg in direct proportion to an increase in body weight of E. vacha. While Ca and Mg showed negative allometric relation in increasing fish length suggesting that these metals accumulate at a smaller proportion compared to its excretion rate as the E. vacha increases in length. Condition factor for E. vacha ranged from 0.447 to 0.930 and remained constant with metal concentrations in wet weight of the fish. The result displayed that the concentration of macroelements (Ca and Mg) in the examined fish sample were significantly affected by fish size.
{"title":"Effect of body size on the concentration of two essential macro elements (Calcium and Magnesium) in wild Eutropiichthys vacha from Indus River, Taunsa Barrage, Pakistan","authors":"Shaheen Kousar, M. Naeem, A. Ishtiaq, S. Hassan, A. Naeem","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4217","url":null,"abstract":"Fish is primary protein source for human being in the universe. Overall 50 fish specimen of Eutropiithys vacha were collected from Indus River, Head Tounsa, Pakistan to check the effect of calcium and magnesium in the fish by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in fish showed highly significant correlation between size (weight and length) and body burden of E. vacha. Calcium and magnesium, showed isometric relationships with body weight of wild E. vacha, indicating increase of concentrations of Ca and Mg in direct proportion to an increase in body weight of E. vacha. While Ca and Mg showed negative allometric relation in increasing fish length suggesting that these metals accumulate at a smaller proportion compared to its excretion rate as the E. vacha increases in length. Condition factor for E. vacha ranged from 0.447 to 0.930 and remained constant with metal concentrations in wet weight of the fish. The result displayed that the concentration of macroelements (Ca and Mg) in the examined fish sample were significantly affected by fish size.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79764466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4224
Abdul Manan Pathan, K. M. Brohi, R. Mahar, Rafi Zaman Brohi Rafi Zaman Brohi, A. Mahar
The present research study aimed to assess the ability of Saccharum Bengalense Retz (SBR) for adsorption of carcinogenic dye malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by the techniques such as (SEM and FTIR). The analysis was conducted by different batch experiments in which effect of pH, dose, concentration of initial dye, and contact time were used as factors. The MG removal for equilibrium of adsorption reached up to 99% at 10ppm with 100mg dose of the adsorbent. The data of experimental work determined in respect of Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Freundlich isotherms was R2 of 0.9892 and R2 of 0.8313 respectively. The results suggested that Saccharum Bengalense Retz (SBR) could be used as an effective adsorbent in the industrial scale to remove the harmful carcinogenic dye MG.
{"title":"Adsorption Potential of Saccharum Bengalense Retz to Remove Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Abdul Manan Pathan, K. M. Brohi, R. Mahar, Rafi Zaman Brohi Rafi Zaman Brohi, A. Mahar","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4224","url":null,"abstract":"The present research study aimed to assess the ability of Saccharum Bengalense Retz (SBR)\u0000for adsorption of carcinogenic dye malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by the techniques such as (SEM and FTIR). The analysis was conducted by different batch experiments in which effect of pH, dose, concentration of initial dye, and contact time were used as factors. The MG removal for equilibrium of adsorption reached up to 99% at 10ppm with 100mg dose of the adsorbent. The data of experimental work determined in respect of Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Freundlich isotherms was R2 of 0.9892 and R2 of 0.8313 respectively. The results suggested that Saccharum Bengalense Retz (SBR) could be used as an effective adsorbent in the industrial scale to remove the harmful carcinogenic dye MG.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80008738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4225
Ather Hassan, S. Ilyas, D. A. Jamro, Z. Bhatti, Hareem Mufti, Nasrullah Khan Niazi
Energy resources are going to be exhausted in the near future. It is essentially required to use the energy in an organized manner. Therefore, the chiller’s condenser water has been focused to utilize the maximum of the input energy of the machine. This water can be categorized as distilled water if the contamination level is zero. The low-graded distilled water can be used in steam generators; acid-based Batteries, chemical dilution and even can be used in vehicle radiators to avoid blockades of pipes. Generally, the production of distilled water requires a lot of energy. In the present work condensed water of domestic chillers has been analyzed for contaminants to decide its future use. Five samples were collected from chillers installed in the city of Gurrah Mohallah Mandi Bahauddin, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Using the ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) titrimetric method,a small amount of Ca, Mg, Pb, and SO4 were detected that confirmed the conductivity of water around 81μS/cm. The magnitude of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) was 54 mg/L, pH was 6.2 and total hardness was recorded about 0.576 mg/L.
{"title":"Analysis and Exploitation of the Condensed Water of Chillers","authors":"Ather Hassan, S. Ilyas, D. A. Jamro, Z. Bhatti, Hareem Mufti, Nasrullah Khan Niazi","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4225","url":null,"abstract":"Energy resources are going to be exhausted in the near future. It is essentially required to use the energy in an organized manner. Therefore, the chiller’s condenser water has been focused to utilize the maximum of the input energy of the machine. This water can be categorized as distilled water if the contamination level is zero. The low-graded distilled water can be used in steam generators; acid-based Batteries, chemical dilution and even can be used in vehicle radiators to avoid blockades of pipes. Generally, the production of distilled water requires a lot of energy. In the present work condensed water of domestic chillers has been analyzed for contaminants to decide its future use. Five samples were collected from chillers installed in the city of Gurrah Mohallah Mandi Bahauddin, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Using the ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) titrimetric method,a small amount of Ca, Mg, Pb, and SO4 were detected that confirmed the conductivity of water around 81μS/cm. The magnitude of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) was 54 mg/L, pH was 6.2 and total hardness was recorded about 0.576 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91274045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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