Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.12
S. Dhiman, N. Kumari, A. Badiyal, Vivek Sharma, P. Sharma
An investigation was executed to detect Colletotrichum truncatum (synonymous C. capsici) and C. coccodes in solo or as a disease complex through direct PCR (dPCR) in anthracnose-infected chili seeds. Direct PCR was performed with C. coccodes and C. truncatum-s specific markers and Tris-EDTA buffer aliquots (obtained from infected seeds soaked up to five hours) as source of template DNA. This method efficiently and specifically detected the respective species in seeds with minimum 2.5% infection, yielding species-specific ∼500 bp (C. truncatum) and ∼340 bp (C. coccodes) fragments without any non-specific amplification with other mycoflora. Further, the seeds used in the experiment were tested for their germination efficiency along with a complete set of dried seeds as control. Among the soaked seeds, germination frequency ranged between 50 (infected seeds) to 100% (healthy seeds) without any significant loss in germination, confirming the sustainability of the current protocol. We recommend the use of direct PCR from soaked seeds without prior DNA extraction as a cost-effective and quick method for detecting the pathogen directly from infected seeds in fields.
采用直接聚合酶链反应(dPCR)技术，在炭疽病感染的辣椒种子中单独或作为一个疾病复合体检测了辣椒炭疽杆菌和辣椒炭疽杆菌。用C. cocodes和C. truncatum-s特异性标记物和Tris-EDTA缓冲液(从浸渍5小时的感染种子中获得)作为模板DNA的来源进行直接PCR。该方法以最低2.5%的侵染率高效、特异地检测到种子中各自的菌种，产生菌种特异性的~ 500 bp (C. truncatum)和~ 340 bp (C. coccodes)片段，而无需与其他分枝杆菌进行非特异性扩增。此外，实验中使用的种子与一套完整的干燥种子作为对照，测试了它们的发芽效率。在浸泡过的种子中，萌发率在50%(感染种子)到100%(健康种子)之间，没有任何显著的萌发损失，证实了当前方案的可持续性。我们建议使用直接从浸渍种子中提取DNA的直接PCR方法，作为直接从田间感染种子中检测病原体的一种经济、快速的方法。
{"title":"Development and validation of a direct PCR based assay for the detection of Colletotrichum species on chili seeds","authors":"S. Dhiman, N. Kumari, A. Badiyal, Vivek Sharma, P. Sharma","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was executed to detect Colletotrichum truncatum (synonymous C. capsici) and C. coccodes in solo or as a disease complex through direct PCR (dPCR) in anthracnose-infected chili seeds. Direct PCR was performed with C. coccodes and C. truncatum-s specific markers and Tris-EDTA buffer aliquots (obtained from infected seeds soaked up to five hours) as source of template DNA. This method efficiently and specifically detected the respective species in seeds with minimum 2.5% infection, yielding species-specific ∼500 bp (C. truncatum) and ∼340 bp (C. coccodes) fragments without any non-specific amplification with other mycoflora. Further, the seeds used in the experiment were tested for their germination efficiency along with a complete set of dried seeds as control. Among the soaked seeds, germination frequency ranged between 50 (infected seeds) to 100% (healthy seeds) without any significant loss in germination, confirming the sustainability of the current protocol. We recommend the use of direct PCR from soaked seeds without prior DNA extraction as a cost-effective and quick method for detecting the pathogen directly from infected seeds in fields.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.07
Mark Baah-Acheamfour, J. Sobze
For many species of Viburnum, exposure to two distinct stratification sequences ─ warm to cold or cold to warm ─ may break embryo dormancy to initiate significant germination. Seeds of Viburnum edule were collected and moved through a series of cold-warm (4/20°C) or warm-cold (20/4°C) stratification to better understand precisely which temperature sequences and duration improve germination percentage (GRP), mean germination time (MGT), germination synchrony (SYN) and uncertainty (UNC), and time for seeds to reach 50% germination (t50). Seeds kept in cold-warm temperature sequences, on average, improved GRP by 24%, reduced MGT by 216 days and t50 by 97 days compared with those in the warm-cold stratification sequence. The warm-cold temperature sequence was more advantageous in improving the SYN (0.94 vs. 0.51) and reducing the UNC (0.21 vs. 0.96) indices than the cold-warm temperature sequence.
{"title":"Exposing Viburnum edule seeds to a sequence of temperatures affects the germination characteristics","authors":"Mark Baah-Acheamfour, J. Sobze","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"For many species of Viburnum, exposure to two distinct stratification sequences ─ warm to cold or cold to warm ─ may break embryo dormancy to initiate significant germination. Seeds of Viburnum edule were collected and moved through a series of cold-warm (4/20°C) or warm-cold (20/4°C) stratification to better understand precisely which temperature sequences and duration improve germination percentage (GRP), mean germination time (MGT), germination synchrony (SYN) and uncertainty (UNC), and time for seeds to reach 50% germination (t50). Seeds kept in cold-warm temperature sequences, on average, improved GRP by 24%, reduced MGT by 216 days and t50 by 97 days compared with those in the warm-cold stratification sequence. The warm-cold temperature sequence was more advantageous in improving the SYN (0.94 vs. 0.51) and reducing the UNC (0.21 vs. 0.96) indices than the cold-warm temperature sequence.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.06
Emma L. Dalziell, Wolfgang Lewandrowski, L. Commander, C. Elliott, T. E. Erickson, E. P. Tudor, S. Turner, D. Merritt
Seeds are a primary source for generating plants for large-scale restoration and understanding the requirements for seed germination and establishment is fundamental to ecological restoration. Seed germination traits are central to defining the germination niche and identifying traits that may limit seedling establishment provides insights into how seeds may interact with the abiotic environment and the soil substrates specific to each restoration site and informs seed management practices. In this paper we review seed trait data derived from research to improve restoration practice across diverse ecosystems within Western Australia. We compile and evaluate seed trait data for up to 300 seed collections of 287 species that are used in restoration programmes to identify species, lifeform, and region-specific variation in seed dormancy, maximum germination, germination speed, base water potential, and germination niche breadth. Through a synthesis of this data, we outline our ecologically-guided approach to identifying key seed traits that support plant regeneration to improve the success of seed-based restoration across the biodiverse Western Australian landscape.
{"title":"Invited Review: Seed traits inform the germination niche for biodiverse ecological restoration","authors":"Emma L. Dalziell, Wolfgang Lewandrowski, L. Commander, C. Elliott, T. E. Erickson, E. P. Tudor, S. Turner, D. Merritt","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.06","url":null,"abstract":"Seeds are a primary source for generating plants for large-scale restoration and understanding the requirements for seed germination and establishment is fundamental to ecological restoration. Seed germination traits are central to defining the germination niche and identifying traits that may limit seedling establishment provides insights into how seeds may interact with the abiotic environment and the soil substrates specific to each restoration site and informs seed management practices. In this paper we review seed trait data derived from research to improve restoration practice across diverse ecosystems within Western Australia. We compile and evaluate seed trait data for up to 300 seed collections of 287 species that are used in restoration programmes to identify species, lifeform, and region-specific variation in seed dormancy, maximum germination, germination speed, base water potential, and germination niche breadth. Through a synthesis of this data, we outline our ecologically-guided approach to identifying key seed traits that support plant regeneration to improve the success of seed-based restoration across the biodiverse Western Australian landscape.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.04
Rehema Erasto, R. Madege, N. Kilasi
Maize seeds are usually contaminated with seed-borne fungi which cause seed deterioration and seedling death. Seed treatment using chemical fungicides is a common practice, although fungicides can reduce seed longevity and lead to residues, resistance, and environmental pollution. This study was conducted to determine the effects of plant extracts (PEs; Azadirachta indica, Coffea Arabica, and Zingiber officinale) on seedling emergence and seedling vigour of certified (CS) and farmer-saved (FSS) seeds of maize. Seeds treated with water-extracted PEs had significantly higher seedling emergence with 85.8% and 61.7% for FSS and CS, respectively, while ethanol-extracted PEs had 6.7% and 7.5% seedling emergence for FSS and CS, respectively. The minimum mean number of days to the first emergence was less for seeds treated with water-extracted PEs (3.0 and 3.3 for FSS and CS, respectively) than those treated with ethanol-extracted PEs (6.3 and 7.0 for FSS and CS, respectively). According to this study, water-extracted PEs are potential candidates in seed treatment, because they have fewer adverse effects on seedling emergence and vigour. Although other studies mention PEs extracted using organic solvents to be the best, the study’s recommendation is to ensure that organic solvents are completely removed from PE solutions before using them.
{"title":"Effects of antifungal plant extracts on improving maize seedling emergence and plant growth","authors":"Rehema Erasto, R. Madege, N. Kilasi","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Maize seeds are usually contaminated with seed-borne fungi which cause seed deterioration and seedling death. Seed treatment using chemical fungicides is a common practice, although fungicides can reduce seed longevity and lead to residues, resistance, and environmental pollution. This study was conducted to determine the effects of plant extracts (PEs; Azadirachta indica, Coffea Arabica, and Zingiber officinale) on seedling emergence and seedling vigour of certified (CS) and farmer-saved (FSS) seeds of maize. Seeds treated with water-extracted PEs had significantly higher seedling emergence with 85.8% and 61.7% for FSS and CS, respectively, while ethanol-extracted PEs had 6.7% and 7.5% seedling emergence for FSS and CS, respectively. The minimum mean number of days to the first emergence was less for seeds treated with water-extracted PEs (3.0 and 3.3 for FSS and CS, respectively) than those treated with ethanol-extracted PEs (6.3 and 7.0 for FSS and CS, respectively). According to this study, water-extracted PEs are potential candidates in seed treatment, because they have fewer adverse effects on seedling emergence and vigour. Although other studies mention PEs extracted using organic solvents to be the best, the study’s recommendation is to ensure that organic solvents are completely removed from PE solutions before using them.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.04
Mi Hyun Lee, C. Song, Chongho Park, K. Song, Soon-Young Kim, Sea Hyun Kim, C. Na
Penthorum chinense (Penthoraceae) is a threatened South Korean medicinal plant used to treat alcohol-related diseases and prepare cosmetics in traditional Chinese medicine. Wetlands, the native habitat of this plant, have been decreasing owing to damage caused by landisation and urban development in recent years. In this study, we considered the effect of temperature and gibberellic acid treatment on P. chinense seed germination to improve conservation outcomes of the species. The optimum germination temperature was investigated using constant and alternating temperature treatments (60 conditions). In addition, gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment was performed to overcome physiological dormancy. We determined the germination (GP, %) and the number of days to reach 50% maximum germination (T50). The optimum temperature regime was 7°C / 23°C: GP was 95%, and T50 was 15 days. The GA3 treatment increased the GP of P. chinense seeds from 28 to 94% and decreased the T50 value from 14.6 to 6.3 days at concentrations above 40 mg L-1. After the GA3 treatment, the growth of radicles was delayed or inhibited. For the germination of P. chinense seeds, a diurnal temperature difference of ≥ 15°C is required.
{"title":"Effect of gibberellic acid treatment and alternating temperature on breaking physiological dormancy and germination in Penthorum chinense Pursh (Penthoraceae)","authors":"Mi Hyun Lee, C. Song, Chongho Park, K. Song, Soon-Young Kim, Sea Hyun Kim, C. Na","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Penthorum chinense (Penthoraceae) is a threatened South Korean medicinal plant used to treat alcohol-related diseases and prepare cosmetics in traditional Chinese medicine. Wetlands, the native habitat of this plant, have been decreasing owing to damage caused by landisation and urban development in recent years. In this study, we considered the effect of temperature and gibberellic acid treatment on P. chinense seed germination to improve conservation outcomes of the species. The optimum germination temperature was investigated using constant and alternating temperature treatments (60 conditions). In addition, gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment was performed to overcome physiological dormancy. We determined the germination (GP, %) and the number of days to reach 50% maximum germination (T50). The optimum temperature regime was 7°C / 23°C: GP was 95%, and T50 was 15 days. The GA3 treatment increased the GP of P. chinense seeds from 28 to 94% and decreased the T50 value from 14.6 to 6.3 days at concentrations above 40 mg L-1. After the GA3 treatment, the growth of radicles was delayed or inhibited. For the germination of P. chinense seeds, a diurnal temperature difference of ≥ 15°C is required.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.05
Si-Hong Kim, Su-Yeon Lee, J. Heo
The effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) seed priming on the germination properties of Aruncus dioicus (A. dioicus), an important wild vegetable obtained from forests in Korea, were investigated. The examined factors consisted of three priming concentrations and durations. Our results clearly showed that the germination properties of A. dioicus were affected by the priming conditions. Generally, seed priming with PEG resulted in a higher germination percentage, energy, rate, and time to achieve 50% germination (T50) compared to control and seed priming with CaCl2. Among the experimental conditions used for this study, pre-treatment with PEG at −1.03 MPa for 24 hours resulted in the highest germination percentage, which was 1.9-fold higher than that of the control. Significantly higher germination energy and lower T50 values were also observed compared to those of the control. These results suggest that specific PEG priming conditions can be successfully used to improve the germination properties of A. dioicus.
研究了氯化钙(CaCl2)和聚乙二醇(PEG)对韩国重要野生蔬菜黄豆(Aruncus dioicus, A. dioicus)萌发特性的影响。检查的因素包括三个启动浓度和持续时间。结果表明，萌发条件对菊苣的萌发特性有一定的影响。一般来说，与对照和CaCl2种子激发相比，PEG种子激发的萌发率、能量、率和达到50%发芽率(T50)的时间都更高。在本研究的实验条件中，在−1.03 MPa条件下用PEG预处理24小时，发芽率最高，是对照的1.9倍。与对照相比，萌发能显著提高，T50值显著降低。这些结果表明，特定的PEG启动条件可以成功地提高菊苣的萌发性能。
{"title":"The effect of seed priming on the germination properties of Aruncus dioicus","authors":"Si-Hong Kim, Su-Yeon Lee, J. Heo","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) seed priming on the germination properties of Aruncus dioicus (A. dioicus), an important wild vegetable obtained from forests in Korea, were investigated. The examined factors consisted of three priming concentrations and durations. Our results clearly showed that the germination properties of A. dioicus were affected by the priming conditions. Generally, seed priming with PEG resulted in a higher germination percentage, energy, rate, and time to achieve 50% germination (T50) compared to control and seed priming with CaCl2. Among the experimental conditions used for this study, pre-treatment with PEG at −1.03 MPa for 24 hours resulted in the highest germination percentage, which was 1.9-fold higher than that of the control. Significantly higher germination energy and lower T50 values were also observed compared to those of the control. These results suggest that specific PEG priming conditions can be successfully used to improve the germination properties of A. dioicus.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.11
Michael Sussman
As early as 23,000 years ago, we as a human society cultivated the land by growing proto weeds: Poa (Snir et al., 2015). Although it is not known if that practice was any more sustainable than current farming and crop production practices with respect to biodiversity, preserving soils and the environment, and feeding all of us, it is important to note the evidence in this book of practices that embrace and are improving sustainability in the present (Buitink and Leprince, 2022). In Advances in Seed Science and Technology for More Sustainable Crop Production, Buitink and Leprince have collected the works of notable authors to establish a higher understanding of seed quality, germination and dormancy, not to mention how seeds for both crop plants and weeds behave when in the soil or stored for future use.
早在23000年前，我们作为一个人类社会就通过种植原始杂草Poa来耕种土地(Snir et al.， 2015)。虽然在生物多样性、保护土壤和环境以及养活我们所有人方面，这种做法是否比当前的农业和作物生产做法更具可持续性尚不清楚，但重要的是要注意本书中有关实践的证据，这些实践支持并正在改善当前的可持续性(Buitink和Leprince, 2022)。在《促进作物可持续生产的种子科学技术进展》一书中，Buitink和Leprince收集了著名作者的作品，以建立对种子质量、发芽和休眠的更高理解，更不用说作物和杂草的种子在土壤中或储存以备将来使用时的表现。
{"title":"Book Review: Advances in Seed Science and Technology for More Sustainable Crop Production","authors":"Michael Sussman","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"As early as 23,000 years ago, we as a human society cultivated the land by growing proto weeds: Poa (Snir et al., 2015). Although it is not known if that practice was any more sustainable than current farming and crop production practices with respect to biodiversity, preserving soils and the environment, and feeding all of us, it is important to note the evidence in this book of practices that embrace and are improving sustainability in the present (Buitink and Leprince, 2022). In Advances in Seed Science and Technology for More Sustainable Crop Production, Buitink and Leprince have collected the works of notable authors to establish a higher understanding of seed quality, germination and dormancy, not to mention how seeds for both crop plants and weeds behave when in the soil or stored for future use.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.03
J. França-Neto, F. C. Krzyzanowski
The tetrazolium test has been developed and improved since the early years of the 20th century. Hundreds of seed specialists have dedicated their efforts for perfecting the methodology of the test for several species. Among these seeds experts, two of them deserve special recognition, Dr. Georg Lakon and Dr. Robert P. Moore, whose achievements had fundamental importance for the further development of the test. The test relies on the activity of certain dehydrogenase enzymes and indirectly measures the respiration capability of the living tissues of the seeds. The initial objective of the test was to quickly determine seed viability. Later on, it focussed on estimating seed vigour and more recently in diagnosing the possible causes that contribute to reduce the physiological quality of seed lots, such as mechanical damage, weathering damage and insect problems. Nowadays, the methodology of the tetrazolium test has been perfected for seeds of several species, including agricultural, vegetable, horticultural, flower, tree and shrub species. Seed quality control is improved with the use of the tetrazolium test in all phases of seed production such as harvesting, receiving, before and after seed processing and drying, during storage and before sowing. The test can be applied even before harvesting the crop. The methods for determining vigour will be briefly presented for seeds of the following species: cotton, common bean, maize, soybean, wheat, sunflower, peanut, Solanaceae, and tropical forage grass seeds. The utilisation of tetrazolium results, as with any vigour test, can assist the categorisation of vigour levels for different seed lots and for estimating the performance of these lots in the field under optimum and stressful conditions.
{"title":"Invited Review: Use of the tetrazolium test for estimating the physiological quality of seeds","authors":"J. França-Neto, F. C. Krzyzanowski","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.03","url":null,"abstract":"The tetrazolium test has been developed and improved since the early years of the 20th century. Hundreds of seed specialists have dedicated their efforts for perfecting the methodology of the test for several species. Among these seeds experts, two of them deserve special recognition, Dr. Georg Lakon and Dr. Robert P. Moore, whose achievements had fundamental importance for the further development of the test. The test relies on the activity of certain dehydrogenase enzymes and indirectly measures the respiration capability of the living tissues of the seeds. The initial objective of the test was to quickly determine seed viability. Later on, it focussed on estimating seed vigour and more recently in diagnosing the possible causes that contribute to reduce the physiological quality of seed lots, such as mechanical damage, weathering damage and insect problems. Nowadays, the methodology of the tetrazolium test has been perfected for seeds of several species, including agricultural, vegetable, horticultural, flower, tree and shrub species. Seed quality control is improved with the use of the tetrazolium test in all phases of seed production such as harvesting, receiving, before and after seed processing and drying, during storage and before sowing. The test can be applied even before harvesting the crop. The methods for determining vigour will be briefly presented for seeds of the following species: cotton, common bean, maize, soybean, wheat, sunflower, peanut, Solanaceae, and tropical forage grass seeds. The utilisation of tetrazolium results, as with any vigour test, can assist the categorisation of vigour levels for different seed lots and for estimating the performance of these lots in the field under optimum and stressful conditions.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"461 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.03
R. Moghimifam, A. R. Haghighi
Cotinus coggygria, Cornus mas and Viburnum lantana are among the most important species in Arasbaran forests in Northwest Iran. This study was carried out to determine which pre-treatments should be used to overcome dormancy of the seeds. Pre-treatments applied to the Cotinus coggygria seeds were submersion in concentrated (98%) sulphuric acid for 5, 10 and 30 minutes and cold stratification for 30, 60 and 90 days. Maximum germination (80%) was observed following submersion in concentrated (98%) sulphuric acid for 90 minutes and then cold stratification for 90 days. Increasing the concentration of exogenous gibberellin to 200 ppm improved germination of Cornus mas seeds to 85%; the effect of cold stratification was limited, with 57.5-60% germination after both 45 and 90 days stratification. Laboratory temperature followed by stratification was applied to Viburnum lantana seeds. The stratification did not significantly affect the germination. Laboratory temperature had a significant effect on breaking seed dormancy and promoted germination up to 70% with no cold treatment.
{"title":"Evaluation of dormancy breaking treatments for enhanced germination in Cotinus coggygria, Cornus mas and Viburnum lantana seeds","authors":"R. Moghimifam, A. R. Haghighi","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Cotinus coggygria, Cornus mas and Viburnum lantana are among the most important species in Arasbaran forests in Northwest Iran. This study was carried out to determine which pre-treatments should be used to overcome dormancy of the seeds. Pre-treatments applied to the Cotinus coggygria seeds were submersion in concentrated (98%) sulphuric acid for 5, 10 and 30 minutes and cold stratification for 30, 60 and 90 days. Maximum germination (80%) was observed following submersion in concentrated (98%) sulphuric acid for 90 minutes and then cold stratification for 90 days. Increasing the concentration of exogenous gibberellin to 200 ppm improved germination of Cornus mas seeds to 85%; the effect of cold stratification was limited, with 57.5-60% germination after both 45 and 90 days stratification. Laboratory temperature followed by stratification was applied to Viburnum lantana seeds. The stratification did not significantly affect the germination. Laboratory temperature had a significant effect on breaking seed dormancy and promoted germination up to 70% with no cold treatment.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.10
Haixuan Lv, Liwen Su, Wenting Wu, Xiaochun Huang, Ting Liu, Lifeng Nong, Wenrui Yang, Yong Chen, Peng Wang, Zhengguo Liu
Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) is highly appreciated for its nutritional and therapeutic value, especially throughout Asia. As the market for wax gourd expands, new varieties of unknown purity are being promoted. In this study, the unpublished ‘GX-19’ wax gourd genome elucidated by our research group was used as reference genome. Two high-generation inbred lines (‘HX-1’ and ‘HX-6’) were resequenced and 330 pairs of InDel primers were designed and synthesised. Following screening, 11 pairs of InDel markers were identified and used to determine the degree of genetic purity of wax-gourd hybrid seeds. InDel molecular markers were used to identify the purity of 17 hybrids, including ‘Lvxianzi 2’, ‘Fenxianzi 1’, ‘Jinyuan 1’, ‘Yinyuan 4’, ‘Chunfeng 868’, ‘Xinjinyu’ and ‘Meihua 8’. Additionally, we showed that the amplification fragment from DNA extracted using the alkali rapid-extraction method developed in this study was identical to that of the fragment amplified from DNA extracted using a modified CTAB method. When the InDel molecular marker-based purity determination of five wax gourd hybrids was compared with that using the growing out test, the results were highly consistent. A stable, accurate, efficient and straightforward approach is provided to determine the genetic purity of hybrid wax gourd seeds.
{"title":"Determination of hybrid-seed genetic purity in wax gourd using newly developed InDel markers based on whole-genome resequencing","authors":"Haixuan Lv, Liwen Su, Wenting Wu, Xiaochun Huang, Ting Liu, Lifeng Nong, Wenrui Yang, Yong Chen, Peng Wang, Zhengguo Liu","doi":"10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) is highly appreciated for its nutritional and therapeutic value, especially throughout Asia. As the market for wax gourd expands, new varieties of unknown purity are being promoted. In this study, the unpublished ‘GX-19’ wax gourd genome elucidated by our research group was used as reference genome. Two high-generation inbred lines (‘HX-1’ and ‘HX-6’) were resequenced and 330 pairs of InDel primers were designed and synthesised. Following screening, 11 pairs of InDel markers were identified and used to determine the degree of genetic purity of wax-gourd hybrid seeds. InDel molecular markers were used to identify the purity of 17 hybrids, including ‘Lvxianzi 2’, ‘Fenxianzi 1’, ‘Jinyuan 1’, ‘Yinyuan 4’, ‘Chunfeng 868’, ‘Xinjinyu’ and ‘Meihua 8’. Additionally, we showed that the amplification fragment from DNA extracted using the alkali rapid-extraction method developed in this study was identical to that of the fragment amplified from DNA extracted using a modified CTAB method. When the InDel molecular marker-based purity determination of five wax gourd hybrids was compared with that using the growing out test, the results were highly consistent. A stable, accurate, efficient and straightforward approach is provided to determine the genetic purity of hybrid wax gourd seeds.","PeriodicalId":21662,"journal":{"name":"Seed Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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