Pub Date : 2024-08-30Epub Date: 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1126/science.ads7687
Vivian La
Focusing on temperature extremes can galvanize policy changes but risks undercounting.
关注极端气温可以推动政策变革，但也有可能造成计算不足。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-30Epub Date: 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1126/science.ads7686
Elizabeth Pennisi
Crops such as maize, beans, and squash can team up, but the mix matters.
玉米、豆类和南瓜等作物可以搭配种植，但搭配很重要。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-30Epub Date: 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1126/science.ads7683
{"title":"News at a glance.","authors":"","doi":"10.1126/science.ads7683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads7683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Martin, Simone Scorzoni, Sara Cordone, Alice Mazzagatti, Galina V. Beznoussenko, Amanda L. Gunn, Melody Di Bona, Yonatan Eliezer, Gil Leor, Tal Ben-Yishay, Alessia Loffreda, Valeria Cancila, Maria Chiara Rainone, Marica Rosaria Ippolito, Valentino Martis, Fabio Bedin, Massimiliano Garrè, Laura Pontano Vaites, Paolo Vasapolli, Simona Polo, Dario Parazzoli, Claudio Tripodo, Alexander A. Mironov, Alessandro Cuomo, Uri Ben-David, Samuel F. Bakhoum, Emily M. Hatch, Peter Ly, Stefano Santaguida
Chromosomal instability (CIN) generates micronuclei—aberrant extranuclear structures that catalyze the acquisition of complex chromosomal rearrangements present in cancer. Micronuclei are characterized by persistent DNA damage and catastrophic nuclear envelope collapse, which exposes DNA to the cytoplasm. We found that the autophagic receptor p62/SQSTM1 modulates micronuclear stability, influencing chromosome fragmentation and rearrangements. Mechanistically, proximity of micronuclei to mitochondria led to oxidation-driven homo-oligomerization of p62, limiting endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)–dependent micronuclear envelope repair by triggering autophagic degradation. We also found that p62 levels correlate with increased chromothripsis across human cancer cell lines and with increased CIN in colorectal tumors. Thus, p62 acts as a regulator of micronuclei and may serve as a prognostic marker for tumors with high CIN.
{"title":"A p62-dependent rheostat dictates micronuclei catastrophe and chromosome rearrangements","authors":"Sara Martin, Simone Scorzoni, Sara Cordone, Alice Mazzagatti, Galina V. Beznoussenko, Amanda L. Gunn, Melody Di Bona, Yonatan Eliezer, Gil Leor, Tal Ben-Yishay, Alessia Loffreda, Valeria Cancila, Maria Chiara Rainone, Marica Rosaria Ippolito, Valentino Martis, Fabio Bedin, Massimiliano Garrè, Laura Pontano Vaites, Paolo Vasapolli, Simona Polo, Dario Parazzoli, Claudio Tripodo, Alexander A. Mironov, Alessandro Cuomo, Uri Ben-David, Samuel F. Bakhoum, Emily M. Hatch, Peter Ly, Stefano Santaguida","doi":"10.1126/science.adj7446","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adj7446","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Chromosomal instability (CIN) generates micronuclei—aberrant extranuclear structures that catalyze the acquisition of complex chromosomal rearrangements present in cancer. Micronuclei are characterized by persistent DNA damage and catastrophic nuclear envelope collapse, which exposes DNA to the cytoplasm. We found that the autophagic receptor p62/SQSTM1 modulates micronuclear stability, influencing chromosome fragmentation and rearrangements. Mechanistically, proximity of micronuclei to mitochondria led to oxidation-driven homo-oligomerization of p62, limiting endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)–dependent micronuclear envelope repair by triggering autophagic degradation. We also found that p62 levels correlate with increased chromothripsis across human cancer cell lines and with increased CIN in colorectal tumors. Thus, p62 acts as a regulator of micronuclei and may serve as a prognostic marker for tumors with high CIN.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30Epub Date: 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1126/science.ads7403
Warren Cornwall
An ambitious strategy aims to cool the planet by dumping farmed seaweed on the sea floor. Will it work?
一项雄心勃勃的战略旨在通过向海底倾倒养殖海藻来为地球降温。这能奏效吗？
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Frederik Noack, Dennis Engist, Josephine Gantois, Vasundhara Gaur, Batoule F. Hyjazie, Ashley Larsen, Leithen K. M’Gonigle, Anouch Missirian, Matin Qaim, Risa D. Sargent, Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues, Claire Kremen
Genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world’s leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impact remains largely unknown. Although concerns regarding the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns, with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts.
{"title":"Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops","authors":"Frederik Noack, Dennis Engist, Josephine Gantois, Vasundhara Gaur, Batoule F. Hyjazie, Ashley Larsen, Leithen K. M’Gonigle, Anouch Missirian, Matin Qaim, Risa D. Sargent, Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues, Claire Kremen","doi":"10.1126/science.ado9340","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ado9340","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world’s leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impact remains largely unknown. Although concerns regarding the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns, with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A sustainability science prize-reserved, so far, for men.","authors":"Meredith Wadman","doi":"10.1126/science.ads7685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads7685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Does new Frontiers Planet Prize-with its millions-perpetuate old inequities?</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30Epub Date: 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1126/science.ads7684
Robert F Service
Three big firms falter, but startups find niches in pharma and other small-volume markets.
三家大公司摇摇欲坠，但初创企业在制药和其他小批量市场找到了生存空间。
{"title":"Synthetic biology startups face a 'reckoning'.","authors":"Robert F Service","doi":"10.1126/science.ads7684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads7684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three big firms falter, but startups find niches in pharma and other small-volume markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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