Wenjie Zhou, Sujeeka Nadarajah, Liuchi Li, Anna Guell Izard, Hujie Yan, Aashutosh K. Prachet, Payal Patel, Xiaoxing Xia, Chiara Daraio
Architected materials derive their properties from the geometric arrangement of their internal structural elements. Their designs rely on continuous networks of members to control the global mechanical behavior of the bulk. In this study, we introduce a class of materials that consist of discrete concatenated rings or cage particles interlocked in three-dimensional networks, forming polycatenated architected materials (PAMs). We propose a general design framework that translates arbitrary crystalline networks into particle concatenations and geometries. In response to small external loads, PAMs behave like non-Newtonian fluids, showing both shear-thinning and shear-thickening responses, which can be controlled by their catenation topologies. At larger strains, PAMs behave like lattices and foams, with a nonlinear stress-strain relation. At microscale, we demonstrate that PAMs can change their shapes in response to applied electrostatic charges. The distinctive properties of PAMs pave the path for developing stimuli-responsive materials, energy-absorbing systems, and morphing architectures.
{"title":"3D polycatenated architected materials","authors":"Wenjie Zhou, Sujeeka Nadarajah, Liuchi Li, Anna Guell Izard, Hujie Yan, Aashutosh K. Prachet, Payal Patel, Xiaoxing Xia, Chiara Daraio","doi":"10.1126/science.adr9713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr9713","url":null,"abstract":"Architected materials derive their properties from the geometric arrangement of their internal structural elements. Their designs rely on continuous networks of members to control the global mechanical behavior of the bulk. In this study, we introduce a class of materials that consist of discrete concatenated rings or cage particles interlocked in three-dimensional networks, forming polycatenated architected materials (PAMs). We propose a general design framework that translates arbitrary crystalline networks into particle concatenations and geometries. In response to small external loads, PAMs behave like non-Newtonian fluids, showing both shear-thinning and shear-thickening responses, which can be controlled by their catenation topologies. At larger strains, PAMs behave like lattices and foams, with a nonlinear stress-strain relation. At microscale, we demonstrate that PAMs can change their shapes in response to applied electrostatic charges. The distinctive properties of PAMs pave the path for developing stimuli-responsive materials, energy-absorbing systems, and morphing architectures.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giacomo Valle, Ali H. Alamri, John E. Downey, Robin Lienkämper, Patrick M. Jordan, Anton R. Sobinov, Linnea J. Endsley, Dillan Prasad, Michael L. Boninger, Jennifer L. Collinger, Peter C. Warnke, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, Lee E. Miller, Robert A. Gaunt, Charles M. Greenspon, Sliman J. Bensmaia
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of somatosensory cortex evokes tactile sensations whose properties can be systematically manipulated by varying stimulation parameters. However, ICMS currently provides an imperfect sense of touch, limiting manual dexterity and tactile experience. Leveraging our understanding of how tactile features are encoded in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), we sought to inform individuals with paralysis about local geometry and apparent motion of objects on their skin. We simultaneously delivered ICMS through electrodes with spatially patterned projected fields (PFs), evoking sensations of edges. We then created complex PFs that encode arbitrary tactile shapes and skin indentation patterns. By delivering spatiotemporally patterned ICMS, we evoked sensation of motion across the skin, the speed and direction of which could be controlled. Thus, we improved individuals’ tactile experience and use of brain-controlled bionic hands.
{"title":"Tactile edges and motion via patterned microstimulation of the human somatosensory cortex","authors":"Giacomo Valle, Ali H. Alamri, John E. Downey, Robin Lienkämper, Patrick M. Jordan, Anton R. Sobinov, Linnea J. Endsley, Dillan Prasad, Michael L. Boninger, Jennifer L. Collinger, Peter C. Warnke, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, Lee E. Miller, Robert A. Gaunt, Charles M. Greenspon, Sliman J. Bensmaia","doi":"10.1126/science.adq5978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adq5978","url":null,"abstract":"Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of somatosensory cortex evokes tactile sensations whose properties can be systematically manipulated by varying stimulation parameters. However, ICMS currently provides an imperfect sense of touch, limiting manual dexterity and tactile experience. Leveraging our understanding of how tactile features are encoded in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), we sought to inform individuals with paralysis about local geometry and apparent motion of objects on their skin. We simultaneously delivered ICMS through electrodes with spatially patterned projected fields (PFs), evoking sensations of edges. We then created complex PFs that encode arbitrary tactile shapes and skin indentation patterns. By delivering spatiotemporally patterned ICMS, we evoked sensation of motion across the skin, the speed and direction of which could be controlled. Thus, we improved individuals’ tactile experience and use of brain-controlled bionic hands.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Jackson, Christopher Cherry, Sadhana Bom, Arbor G. Dykema, Rulin Wang, Elizabeth Thompson, Ming Zhang, Runzhe Li, Zhicheng Ji, Wenpin Hou, Wentao Zhan, Hao Zhang, John Choi, Ajay Vaghasia, Landon Hansen, William Wang, Brandon Bergsneider, Kate M. Jones, Fausto Rodriguez, Jon Weingart, Calixto-Hope Lucas, Jonathan Powell, Jennifer Elisseeff, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Michael Lim, Chetan Bettegowda, Hongkai Ji, Drew Pardoll
The role of glioma-associated myeloid cells in tumor growth and immune evasion remains poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of immune and tumor cells from 33 gliomas, identifying two distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations in isocitrate dehydrogenase–wild-type (IDT-WT) glioblastoma: an early progenitor MDSC (E-MDSC) population with up-regulation of metabolic and hypoxia pathways and a monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) population. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that E-MDSCs geographically colocalize with metabolic stem-like tumor cells in the pseudopalisading region. Ligand-receptor analysis revealed cross-talk between these cells, where glioma stem-like cells produce chemokines attracting E-MDSCs, which in turn produce growth factors for the tumor cells. This interaction is absent in IDH-mutant gliomas, associated with hypermethylation and repressed gene expression of MDSC-attracting chemokines. Our study elucidates specific MDSCs that may facilitate glioblastoma progression and mediate tumor immunosuppression.
{"title":"Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma","authors":"Christina Jackson, Christopher Cherry, Sadhana Bom, Arbor G. Dykema, Rulin Wang, Elizabeth Thompson, Ming Zhang, Runzhe Li, Zhicheng Ji, Wenpin Hou, Wentao Zhan, Hao Zhang, John Choi, Ajay Vaghasia, Landon Hansen, William Wang, Brandon Bergsneider, Kate M. Jones, Fausto Rodriguez, Jon Weingart, Calixto-Hope Lucas, Jonathan Powell, Jennifer Elisseeff, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Michael Lim, Chetan Bettegowda, Hongkai Ji, Drew Pardoll","doi":"10.1126/science.abm5214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm5214","url":null,"abstract":"The role of glioma-associated myeloid cells in tumor growth and immune evasion remains poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of immune and tumor cells from 33 gliomas, identifying two distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations in isocitrate dehydrogenase–wild-type (IDT-WT) glioblastoma: an early progenitor MDSC (E-MDSC) population with up-regulation of metabolic and hypoxia pathways and a monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) population. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that E-MDSCs geographically colocalize with metabolic stem-like tumor cells in the pseudopalisading region. Ligand-receptor analysis revealed cross-talk between these cells, where glioma stem-like cells produce chemokines attracting E-MDSCs, which in turn produce growth factors for the tumor cells. This interaction is absent in IDH-mutant gliomas, associated with hypermethylation and repressed gene expression of MDSC-attracting chemokines. Our study elucidates specific MDSCs that may facilitate glioblastoma progression and mediate tumor immunosuppression.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel I. Herman, Mathieu Walsh, Molly Kate Kreider, Noah Lordi, Eugene J. Tsao, Alexander J. Lind, Matthew Heyrich, Joshua Combes, Jérôme Genest, Scott A. Diddams
Optical frequency combs have enabled unique advantages in broadband, high-resolution spectroscopy and precision interferometry. However, quantum mechanics ultimately limits the metrological precision achievable with laser frequency combs. Quantum squeezing has led to significant measurement improvements with continuous wave lasers, but experiments demonstrating metrological advantage with squeezed combs are less developed. Using the Kerr effect in nonlinear optical fiber, a 1 GHz frequency comb centered at 1560 nm is amplitude-squeezed by >3 dB over a 2.5 THz bandwidth. Dual-comb interferometry yields mode-resolved spectroscopy of hydrogen sulfide gas with a signal-to-noise ratio nearly 3 dB beyond the shot-noise limit. The quantum noise reduction leads to a two-fold quantum speedup in the determination of gas concentration, with impact for high-speed measurements of multiple species in dynamic chemical environments.
{"title":"Squeezed dual-comb spectroscopy","authors":"Daniel I. Herman, Mathieu Walsh, Molly Kate Kreider, Noah Lordi, Eugene J. Tsao, Alexander J. Lind, Matthew Heyrich, Joshua Combes, Jérôme Genest, Scott A. Diddams","doi":"10.1126/science.ads6292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads6292","url":null,"abstract":"Optical frequency combs have enabled unique advantages in broadband, high-resolution spectroscopy and precision interferometry. However, quantum mechanics ultimately limits the metrological precision achievable with laser frequency combs. Quantum squeezing has led to significant measurement improvements with continuous wave lasers, but experiments demonstrating metrological advantage with squeezed combs are less developed. Using the Kerr effect in nonlinear optical fiber, a 1 GHz frequency comb centered at 1560 nm is amplitude-squeezed by >3 dB over a 2.5 THz bandwidth. Dual-comb interferometry yields mode-resolved spectroscopy of hydrogen sulfide gas with a signal-to-noise ratio nearly 3 dB beyond the shot-noise limit. The quantum noise reduction leads to a two-fold quantum speedup in the determination of gas concentration, with impact for high-speed measurements of multiple species in dynamic chemical environments.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tina Lüdecke, Jennifer N. Leichliter, Dominic Stratford, Daniel M. Sigman, Hubert Vonhof, Gerald H. Haug, Marion K. Bamford, Alfredo Martínez-García
Incorporation of animal-based foods into early hominin diets has been hypothesized to be a major catalyst of many important evolutionary events, including brain expansion. However, direct evidence of the onset and evolution of animal resource consumption in hominins remains elusive. The nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14 ratio of collagen provides trophic information about individuals in modern and geologically recent ecosystems (<200,000 years ago), but diagenetic loss of this organic matter precludes studies of greater age. By contrast, nitrogen in tooth enamel is preserved for millions of years. We report enamel-bound organic nitrogen and carbonate carbon isotope measurements of Sterkfontein Member 4 mammalian fauna, including seven Australopithecus specimens. Our results suggest a variable but plant-based diet (largely C 3 ) for these hominins. Therefore, we argue that Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not engage in regular mammalian meat consumption.
{"title":"Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat","authors":"Tina Lüdecke, Jennifer N. Leichliter, Dominic Stratford, Daniel M. Sigman, Hubert Vonhof, Gerald H. Haug, Marion K. Bamford, Alfredo Martínez-García","doi":"10.1126/science.adq7315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adq7315","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporation of animal-based foods into early hominin diets has been hypothesized to be a major catalyst of many important evolutionary events, including brain expansion. However, direct evidence of the onset and evolution of animal resource consumption in hominins remains elusive. The nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14 ratio of collagen provides trophic information about individuals in modern and geologically recent ecosystems (<200,000 years ago), but diagenetic loss of this organic matter precludes studies of greater age. By contrast, nitrogen in tooth enamel is preserved for millions of years. We report enamel-bound organic nitrogen and carbonate carbon isotope measurements of Sterkfontein Member 4 mammalian fauna, including seven <jats:italic>Australopithecus</jats:italic> specimens. Our results suggest a variable but plant-based diet (largely C <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> ) for these hominins. Therefore, we argue that <jats:italic>Australopithecus</jats:italic> at Sterkfontein did not engage in regular mammalian meat consumption.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuchen Zhang, Xudong Chen, Daniel Matúš, Thomas C. Südhof
Synapses are organized by trans-synaptic adhesion molecules that coordinate assembly of pre- and postsynaptic specializations, which, in turn, are composed of scaffolding proteins forming liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. Presynaptic teneurins mediate excitatory synapse organization by binding to postsynaptic latrophilins; however, the mechanism of action of teneurins, driven by extracellular domains evolutionarily derived from bacterial toxins, remains unclear. In this work, we show that only the intracellular sequence, a dimerization sequence, and extracellular bacterial toxin–derived latrophilin-binding domains of Teneurin-3 are required for synapse organization, suggesting that teneurin-induced latrophilin clustering mediates synaptogenesis. Intracellular Teneurin-3 sequences capture liquid-liquid phase-separated presynaptic active zone scaffolds, enabling us to reconstitute an entire synaptic junction from purified proteins in which trans-synaptic teneurin-latrophilin complexes recruit phase-separated pre- and postsynaptic specializations.
{"title":"Reconstitution of synaptic junctions orchestrated by teneurin-latrophilin complexes","authors":"Xuchen Zhang, Xudong Chen, Daniel Matúš, Thomas C. Südhof","doi":"10.1126/science.adq3586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adq3586","url":null,"abstract":"Synapses are organized by trans-synaptic adhesion molecules that coordinate assembly of pre- and postsynaptic specializations, which, in turn, are composed of scaffolding proteins forming liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. Presynaptic teneurins mediate excitatory synapse organization by binding to postsynaptic latrophilins; however, the mechanism of action of teneurins, driven by extracellular domains evolutionarily derived from bacterial toxins, remains unclear. In this work, we show that only the intracellular sequence, a dimerization sequence, and extracellular bacterial toxin–derived latrophilin-binding domains of Teneurin-3 are required for synapse organization, suggesting that teneurin-induced latrophilin clustering mediates synaptogenesis. Intracellular Teneurin-3 sequences capture liquid-liquid phase-separated presynaptic active zone scaffolds, enabling us to reconstitute an entire synaptic junction from purified proteins in which trans-synaptic teneurin-latrophilin complexes recruit phase-separated pre- and postsynaptic specializations.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10Epub Date: 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1126/science.adv7960
Mitch Leslie
The first clinical trial of zebrafish embryos acting as cancer "avatars" will start soon.
第一个将斑马鱼胚胎作为癌症“化身”的临床试验即将开始。
{"title":"Fish could personalize cancer treatments.","authors":"Mitch Leslie","doi":"10.1126/science.adv7960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adv7960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first clinical trial of zebrafish embryos acting as cancer \"avatars\" will start soon.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"387 6730","pages":"122-123"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10Epub Date: 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1126/science.adv7963
Christie Wilcox
Their keen noses are helping researchers uncover the diversity of the Pacific Northwest's underground fungi.
它们敏锐的嗅觉正在帮助研究人员发现太平洋西北地区地下真菌的多样性。
{"title":"Dogs sniff out truffles-in the name of science.","authors":"Christie Wilcox","doi":"10.1126/science.adv7963","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adv7963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Their keen noses are helping researchers uncover the diversity of the Pacific Northwest's underground fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"387 6730","pages":"124-125"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10Epub Date: 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1126/science.adt5665
John Bistline, Aaron Bergman, Geoffrey Blanford, Maxwell Brown, Dallas Burtraw, Maya Domeshek, Allen Fawcett, Anne Hamilton, Gokul Iyer, Jesse Jenkins, Ben King, Hannah Kolus, Amanda Levin, Qian Luo, Kevin Rennert, Molly Robertson, Nicholas Roy, Ethan Russell, Daniel Shawhan, Daniel Steinberg, Anna van Brummen, Grace Van Horn, Aranya Venkatesh, John Weyant, Ryan Wiser, Alicia Zhao
Emissions reductions may be met with relatively small costs.
减少排放的成本可能相对较小。
{"title":"Impacts of EPA's finalized power plant greenhouse gas standards.","authors":"John Bistline, Aaron Bergman, Geoffrey Blanford, Maxwell Brown, Dallas Burtraw, Maya Domeshek, Allen Fawcett, Anne Hamilton, Gokul Iyer, Jesse Jenkins, Ben King, Hannah Kolus, Amanda Levin, Qian Luo, Kevin Rennert, Molly Robertson, Nicholas Roy, Ethan Russell, Daniel Shawhan, Daniel Steinberg, Anna van Brummen, Grace Van Horn, Aranya Venkatesh, John Weyant, Ryan Wiser, Alicia Zhao","doi":"10.1126/science.adt5665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt5665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emissions reductions may be met with relatively small costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"387 6730","pages":"140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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