Jelena Stajic, Di Jiang, Phil Szuromi, Michael A. Funk, Madeleine Seale, Annalisa VanHook, Marc S. Lavine, Christiane P. Koch, Caroline Ash, Ekeoma Uzogara, Christiana N. Fogg, Molly Ogle
{"title":"In Science Journals","authors":"Jelena Stajic, Di Jiang, Phil Szuromi, Michael A. Funk, Madeleine Seale, Annalisa VanHook, Marc S. Lavine, Christiane P. Koch, Caroline Ash, Ekeoma Uzogara, Christiana N. Fogg, Molly Ogle","doi":"10.1126/science.aee3886","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aee3886","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6777","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aee3886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reorganization could shift mission of the largest U.S. funder of physical sciences.
重组可能会改变美国最大的物理科学基金的使命。
{"title":"DOE boost for AI, fusion could squeeze basic research.","authors":"Adrian Cho","doi":"10.1126/science.aee4262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aee4262","url":null,"abstract":"Reorganization could shift mission of the largest U.S. funder of physical sciences.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"975"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Big Pharma maker won't bring drug to market for crippling disease.
大型制药公司不会将治疗致残疾病的药物推向市场。
{"title":"Abandoned antiviral shows promise against dengue.","authors":"Gretchen Vogel","doi":"10.1126/science.aee4261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aee4261","url":null,"abstract":"Big Pharma maker won't bring drug to market for crippling disease.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"203 1","pages":"973-974"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erik S. Carlson, Raphael Haslecker, Chiara Lecchi, Miguel A. Aguilar Ramos, Vyshnavi Vennelakanti, Linda Honaker, Alessia Stornetta, Estela S. Millán, Bruce A. Johnson, Heather J. Kulik, Silvia Balbo, Peter W. Villalta, Victoria M. D’Souza, Emily P. Balskus
Accumulating evidence has connected the chemically unstable, DNA-damaging gut bacterial natural product colibactin to colorectal cancer, including the identification of mutational signatures that are thought to arise from colibactin-DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). However, we currently lack direct information regarding the structure of this lesion. In this work, we combined mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to elucidate the specificity and structure of the colibactin-DNA ICL. We found that colibactin alkylates within the minor groove of adenine- and thymine-rich DNA, explaining the origins of mutational signatures. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the chemically unstable central motif of colibactin mediates the sequence specificity of cross-linking. By directly elucidating colibactin’s interactions with DNA, this work enhances our understanding of the structure and genotoxic mechanisms of this cancer-linked gut bacterial natural product.
越来越多的证据表明，化学上不稳定、破坏dna的肠道细菌天然产物大肠杆菌素与结直肠癌有关，包括鉴定出被认为是由大肠杆菌素- dna链间交联（ICLs）引起的突变特征。然而，我们目前缺乏关于该病变结构的直接信息。在这项工作中，我们结合质谱和核磁共振波谱来阐明大肠杆菌素- dna ICL的特异性和结构。我们发现大肠杆菌蛋白在腺嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶丰富的DNA的小槽内烷基化，解释了突变特征的起源。出乎意料的是，我们发现化学上不稳定的大肠杆菌蛋白中心基序介导了交联的序列特异性。通过直接阐明大肠杆菌蛋白与DNA的相互作用，这项工作增强了我们对这种与癌症相关的肠道细菌天然产物的结构和遗传毒性机制的理解。
{"title":"The specificity and structure of DNA cross-linking by the gut bacterial genotoxin colibactin","authors":"Erik S. Carlson, Raphael Haslecker, Chiara Lecchi, Miguel A. Aguilar Ramos, Vyshnavi Vennelakanti, Linda Honaker, Alessia Stornetta, Estela S. Millán, Bruce A. Johnson, Heather J. Kulik, Silvia Balbo, Peter W. Villalta, Victoria M. D’Souza, Emily P. Balskus","doi":"10.1126/science.ady3571","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ady3571","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Accumulating evidence has connected the chemically unstable, DNA-damaging gut bacterial natural product colibactin to colorectal cancer, including the identification of mutational signatures that are thought to arise from colibactin-DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). However, we currently lack direct information regarding the structure of this lesion. In this work, we combined mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to elucidate the specificity and structure of the colibactin-DNA ICL. We found that colibactin alkylates within the minor groove of adenine- and thymine-rich DNA, explaining the origins of mutational signatures. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the chemically unstable central motif of colibactin mediates the sequence specificity of cross-linking. By directly elucidating colibactin’s interactions with DNA, this work enhances our understanding of the structure and genotoxic mechanisms of this cancer-linked gut bacterial natural product.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6777","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amid the ongoing global biodiversity crisis (1), a key policy mechanism for species conservation is to establish and enforce scientifically grounded rules to define whether harmful activities—such as poaching, trade, and habitat destruction—constitute criminal behavior and should be convicted (2). China in recent years has made multiple amendments to its conviction criteria for crime on terrestrial vertebrates, including changing the basis of the criteria from the numbers of animal individuals involved in a given offense to their monetary values (2). As we demonstrate with a new analysis on all of China’s 522 protected bird and terrestrial mammal species, for the vast majority of species assessed, these amendments have meant that substantially greater numbers of individuals are now required for a given offense to be deemed convictable, and overwhelmingly at reduced penalty severities. The resultant risk of weakened crime deterrence has been evidenced by judicial outcomes and observations of conservation practitioners.
{"title":"Toward science-based conviction criteria to deter wildlife crime","authors":"Ruocheng Hu, Shuangqi Liu, Lingyun Xiao, Ziyun Zhu, Yuehan Dou, Shen Zhang, Xiaotong Ren, Fangyuan Hua, Zhi Lu","doi":"10.1126/science.adu9077","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu9077","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Amid the ongoing global biodiversity crisis (<i>1</i>), a key policy mechanism for species conservation is to establish and enforce scientifically grounded rules to define whether harmful activities—such as poaching, trade, and habitat destruction—constitute criminal behavior and should be convicted (<i>2</i>). China in recent years has made multiple amendments to its conviction criteria for crime on terrestrial vertebrates, including changing the basis of the criteria from the numbers of animal individuals involved in a given offense to their monetary values (<i>2</i>). As we demonstrate with a new analysis on all of China’s 522 protected bird and terrestrial mammal species, for the vast majority of species assessed, these amendments have meant that substantially greater numbers of individuals are now required for a given offense to be deemed convictable, and overwhelmingly at reduced penalty severities. The resultant risk of weakened crime deterrence has been evidenced by judicial outcomes and observations of conservation practitioners.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6777","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jieru Deng, Yuting Yan, Xiaoyue Zhang, Calum J. Walsh, Emmanuel Montassier, Debajyoti Sinha, Huimeng Wang, Atieh Mousavizadeh, Mitra Ashayeripanah, Jeffrey Y. W. Mak, Hui-Fern Koay, Tobias Poch, Yannick O. Alexandre, Scott N. Mueller, Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar, Tim P. Stinear, Vanta J. Jameson, Alexis Perez-Gonzalez, Jenny Kingham, Tri Giang Phan, Nikita Potemkin, Lachlan Dryburgh, Jan Schroeder, David P. Fairlie, Laura K. Mackay, Zhenjun Chen, Laura Cook, Abderrahman Hachani, Alexandra J. Corbett, Antoine Roquilly, Jose A. Villadangos, Hamish E. G. McWilliam
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells mediate tissue homeostasis and antimicrobial immunity. However, the cells that express MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1) and present microbial vitamin B-derived antigens (VitBAg) to MAIT cells remain unknown. We found that MR1 expression varied across tissues and cell types. Macrophages from the lung and peritoneal cavity expressed the highest levels of MR1 and were the most efficient at capturing and presenting VitBAg to MAIT cells. Expression of MR1 in macrophages was regulated transcriptionally and induced by the tissue environment and microbiota. Depletion of MR1 in macrophages, dendritic cells and monocytes changed the composition of the microbiota and impaired MAIT cell responses against bacterial infection. We concluded that macrophages are key for MR1 antigen presentation and MAIT cell immunity.
{"title":"Macrophage MR1 antigen presentation promotes MAIT cell immunity and lung microbiota modulation","authors":"Jieru Deng, Yuting Yan, Xiaoyue Zhang, Calum J. Walsh, Emmanuel Montassier, Debajyoti Sinha, Huimeng Wang, Atieh Mousavizadeh, Mitra Ashayeripanah, Jeffrey Y. W. Mak, Hui-Fern Koay, Tobias Poch, Yannick O. Alexandre, Scott N. Mueller, Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar, Tim P. Stinear, Vanta J. Jameson, Alexis Perez-Gonzalez, Jenny Kingham, Tri Giang Phan, Nikita Potemkin, Lachlan Dryburgh, Jan Schroeder, David P. Fairlie, Laura K. Mackay, Zhenjun Chen, Laura Cook, Abderrahman Hachani, Alexandra J. Corbett, Antoine Roquilly, Jose A. Villadangos, Hamish E. G. McWilliam","doi":"10.1126/science.adr6322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr6322","url":null,"abstract":"Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells mediate tissue homeostasis and antimicrobial immunity. However, the cells that express MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1) and present microbial vitamin B-derived antigens (VitBAg) to MAIT cells remain unknown. We found that MR1 expression varied across tissues and cell types. Macrophages from the lung and peritoneal cavity expressed the highest levels of MR1 and were the most efficient at capturing and presenting VitBAg to MAIT cells. Expression of MR1 in macrophages was regulated transcriptionally and induced by the tissue environment and microbiota. Depletion of MR1 in macrophages, dendritic cells and monocytes changed the composition of the microbiota and impaired MAIT cell responses against bacterial infection. We concluded that macrophages are key for MR1 antigen presentation and MAIT cell immunity.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher T. Griffin, Jeb Bugos, Ashley W. Poust, Zachary S. Morris, Riley S. Sombathy, Michael D. D’Emic, Patrick M. O’Connor, Holger Petermann, Matteo Fabbri, Caitlin Colleary
Whether Nanotyrannus lancensis represents a distinct taxon or an immature Tyrannosaurus rex is a decades-long controversy. The N. lancesis holotype is an isolated skull and ceratobranchials, but limb osteohistology of Nanotyrannus -like individuals implies that these individuals were immature Tyrannosaurus , suggesting that the Nanotyrannus holotype is also immature. We demonstrate that ceratobranchial (‘hyoid’) histology is useful for ontogenetic assessment in extant and extinct archosaurs. The ceratobranchial histology of the N. lancensis holotype indicates that it was nearing or had reached skeletal maturity, suggesting that it is taxonomically distinct from the coeval Tyrannosaurus rex and that Hell Creek (and equivalent) ecosystems supported a diverse assemblage of predatory dinosaurs approaching the K-Pg extinction.
{"title":"A diminutive tyrannosaur lived alongside Tyrannosaurus rex","authors":"Christopher T. Griffin, Jeb Bugos, Ashley W. Poust, Zachary S. Morris, Riley S. Sombathy, Michael D. D’Emic, Patrick M. O’Connor, Holger Petermann, Matteo Fabbri, Caitlin Colleary","doi":"10.1126/science.adx8706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx8706","url":null,"abstract":"Whether <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nanotyrannus lancensis</jats:italic> represents a distinct taxon or an immature <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tyrannosaurus rex</jats:italic> is a decades-long controversy. The <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. lancesis</jats:italic> holotype is an isolated skull and ceratobranchials, but limb osteohistology of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nanotyrannus</jats:italic> -like individuals implies that these individuals were immature <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tyrannosaurus</jats:italic> , suggesting that the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nanotyrannus</jats:italic> holotype is also immature. We demonstrate that ceratobranchial (‘hyoid’) histology is useful for ontogenetic assessment in extant and extinct archosaurs. The ceratobranchial histology of the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. lancensis</jats:italic> holotype indicates that it was nearing or had reached skeletal maturity, suggesting that it is taxonomically distinct from the coeval <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tyrannosaurus rex</jats:italic> and that Hell Creek (and equivalent) ecosystems supported a diverse assemblage of predatory dinosaurs approaching the K-Pg extinction.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrically driven dielectric elastomer artificial muscles represent a transformative advancement in the field of soft robotics. However, their output performance has encountered a bottleneck owing to the insufficient electromechanical sensitivity of dielectric elastomers. We present a hetero-cross-linking–induced phase separation strategy to design semiseparated biphasic bicontinuous dielectric elastomers with a high electromechanical sensitivity of 360 per megapascal. Our strategy harnesses varying silicone elastomer cross-linking mechanisms to form an interconnected dielectric phase within a soft mechanical phase in the resultant elastomers. These elastomer-based artificial muscles simultaneously exhibit high energy density and power density, as well as ultralong life span under low-driving fields. Applications involve a robotic arm with large stroke and untethered soft crawling robots with multimodal locomotion, showcasing their versatility.
{"title":"Semiseparated biphasic bicontinuous dielectric elastomer for high-performance artificial muscle","authors":"Xiaotian Shi, Jiang Zou, Peinan Yan, Rongtai Wan, Baoyang Lu, Guoying Gu, Xiangyang Zhu","doi":"10.1126/science.adr3521","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr3521","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Electrically driven dielectric elastomer artificial muscles represent a transformative advancement in the field of soft robotics. However, their output performance has encountered a bottleneck owing to the insufficient electromechanical sensitivity of dielectric elastomers. We present a hetero-cross-linking–induced phase separation strategy to design semiseparated biphasic bicontinuous dielectric elastomers with a high electromechanical sensitivity of 360 per megapascal. Our strategy harnesses varying silicone elastomer cross-linking mechanisms to form an interconnected dielectric phase within a soft mechanical phase in the resultant elastomers. These elastomer-based artificial muscles simultaneously exhibit high energy density and power density, as well as ultralong life span under low-driving fields. Applications involve a robotic arm with large stroke and untethered soft crawling robots with multimodal locomotion, showcasing their versatility.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6777","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum mechanics has gone from a theory in test to becoming the foundation of new technologies.
量子力学已经从一个有待检验的理论变成了新技术的基础。
{"title":"One hundred years of quantum mechanics.","authors":"Marlan O Scully,William G Unruh","doi":"10.1126/science.ady6092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady6092","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum mechanics has gone from a theory in test to becoming the foundation of new technologies.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"998-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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