Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113805
Nam Hyun Im, Myung-Shin Kim, Kyeonglim Min, Eun Jin Lee, Hyo Beom Lee
Phalaenopsis orchids require a prolonged period of low temperatures for flowering, which is highly correlated with soluble sugar contents in leaves. This study was conducted to investigate changes in leaf sugar content during sink transition in Phalaenopsis. Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ clones were grown at 28 °C, followed by exposure to 20 °C for floral induction. Leaves were sampled after 0, 2, 6, and 10 weeks of the low temperature (LT) treatment for analysis of soluble sugar content and RNA-seq. Exogenous sucrose labeled with a stable carbon isotope was applied to mature leaves. Inflorescences did not yet emerge after two weeks, but they were 0.5–1 cm and 5–10 cm long after 6 and 10 weeks, respectively. The carbon isotope analysis revealed that leaf sugars were translocated from leaves to inflorescences during the floral induction, rather than vegetative organs such as newly developing leaves. After two weeks of LT, there was a considerable accumulation of sucrose in leaves, which subsequently decreased as the inflorescences developed. During the LT period, the expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) significantly increased, whereas that of some members of the SWEET family, sugar transporters, was suppressed before inflorescence initiation. As the inflorescence initiated and elongated, the expression of SWEET family members increased again. These results indicated that exposure to low temperatures triggered sink transition and sugar accumulation in leaves, which were then translocated and utilized for inflorescence development. This finding implies a significant association between leaf sugars and floral induction, highlighting their pivotal roles in the flowering process of Phalaenopsis.
{"title":"Changes in leaf sugar content during sink transition by low temperature exposure in Phalaenopsis orchids","authors":"Nam Hyun Im, Myung-Shin Kim, Kyeonglim Min, Eun Jin Lee, Hyo Beom Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113805","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Phalaenopsis</ce:italic> orchids require a prolonged period of low temperatures for flowering, which is highly correlated with soluble sugar contents in leaves. This study was conducted to investigate changes in leaf sugar content during sink transition in <ce:italic>Phalaenopsis. Phalaenopsis</ce:italic> Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ clones were grown at 28 °C, followed by exposure to 20 °C for floral induction. Leaves were sampled after 0, 2, 6, and 10 weeks of the low temperature (LT) treatment for analysis of soluble sugar content and RNA-seq. Exogenous sucrose labeled with a stable carbon isotope was applied to mature leaves. Inflorescences did not yet emerge after two weeks, but they were 0.5–1 cm and 5–10 cm long after 6 and 10 weeks, respectively. The carbon isotope analysis revealed that leaf sugars were translocated from leaves to inflorescences during the floral induction, rather than vegetative organs such as newly developing leaves. After two weeks of LT, there was a considerable accumulation of sucrose in leaves, which subsequently decreased as the inflorescences developed. During the LT period, the expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) significantly increased, whereas that of some members of the SWEET family, sugar transporters, was suppressed before inflorescence initiation. As the inflorescence initiated and elongated, the expression of SWEET family members increased again. These results indicated that exposure to low temperatures triggered sink transition and sugar accumulation in leaves, which were then translocated and utilized for inflorescence development. This finding implies a significant association between leaf sugars and floral induction, highlighting their pivotal roles in the flowering process of <ce:italic>Phalaenopsis</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113790
Jiaxi Li, Xiaohui Tian, Zhiwei Qin, Mei Gao, Xinfang Jiang, Ming Xin
Vivipary is a common phenomenon in nature. However, vivipary in cucumber affects seed production and processing, and it is necessary to understand the mechanism. In this study, the phenotype, physiology and transcriptome of easy-viviparous cucumber inbred line ‘D1158’ were analyzed. The vivipary manifested on the 35th day after pollination, and the viviparous germination rate reached 50 % on the 55th day after pollination. The viviparous germplasm resources were mainly concentrated in South China and North China types rather than European greenhouse and pickle types. Besides, high temperature, withered plants, and postripeness promoted vivipary. Differentially expressed genes in transcriptome were enriched in hormone signal transduction, energy and nutrient metabolism, and cellular component biosynthesis pathways. BR, CTK, IAA, and JA signals were activated, while ABA and ETH signals were inhibited in vivipary. Starch degradation and biosynthesis of soluble sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and phenylpropanoids were up-regulated, possibly facilitating cell proliferation in vivipary. A potential regulatory pattern in the formation of vivipary in cucumber was constructed, and candidate genes were predicted. The results may enhance the comprehension of vivipary in cucumber and provide a basis for future research.
胎生是自然界的一种常见现象。然而，黄瓜的胎生现象会影响种子的生产和加工，因此有必要了解其机理。本研究分析了易胎生黄瓜近交系'D1158'的表型、生理和转录组。结果表明，黄瓜在授粉后第35天出现胎生，授粉后第55天胎生发芽率达到50%。胎生种质资源主要集中在华南和华北类型，而非欧洲温室和泡菜类型。此外，高温、植株枯萎和后熟也促进了胎生。转录组中的差异表达基因主要集中在激素信号转导、能量和养分代谢以及细胞组分生物合成途径。在胎生期，BR、CTK、IAA 和 JA 信号被激活，而 ABA 和 ETH 信号被抑制。淀粉降解以及可溶性糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸和苯丙酮的生物合成受到上调，这可能促进了胎生期细胞的增殖。研究构建了黄瓜胎生期形成的潜在调控模式，并预测了候选基因。这些结果可加深对黄瓜胎生的理解，并为今后的研究提供依据。
{"title":"Phenotype, physiology and transcriptome analysis of vivipary in cucumber","authors":"Jiaxi Li, Xiaohui Tian, Zhiwei Qin, Mei Gao, Xinfang Jiang, Ming Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113790","url":null,"abstract":"Vivipary is a common phenomenon in nature. However, vivipary in cucumber affects seed production and processing, and it is necessary to understand the mechanism. In this study, the phenotype, physiology and transcriptome of easy-viviparous cucumber inbred line ‘D1158’ were analyzed. The vivipary manifested on the 35th day after pollination, and the viviparous germination rate reached 50 % on the 55th day after pollination. The viviparous germplasm resources were mainly concentrated in South China and North China types rather than European greenhouse and pickle types. Besides, high temperature, withered plants, and postripeness promoted vivipary. Differentially expressed genes in transcriptome were enriched in hormone signal transduction, energy and nutrient metabolism, and cellular component biosynthesis pathways. BR, CTK, IAA, and JA signals were activated, while ABA and ETH signals were inhibited in vivipary. Starch degradation and biosynthesis of soluble sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and phenylpropanoids were up-regulated, possibly facilitating cell proliferation in vivipary. A potential regulatory pattern in the formation of vivipary in cucumber was constructed, and candidate genes were predicted. The results may enhance the comprehension of vivipary in cucumber and provide a basis for future research.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onions (Allium cepa L.) are widely cultivated staple vegetables in daily cooking while, harvested onions as living entities that undergo various physicochemical changes including respiration, weight loss, rotting, and sprouting at storage. Due to high moisture content fresh onions are prone to rapid spoilage which is aggravated by inappropriate handling. Storage is a complicated issue regulated by numerous pre- and post-harvest features encompasses irrigation, fertilization, bulb maturity, harvesting period, curing techniques, storage environment, packaging materials, and chemical treatments; causing about 30–40 % losses of total yield. Again, the attritional changes at physiological, fructant and hormonal levels of stored onions enhance sprouting and microbial spoilage. Among the onion diseases, only Fusarium causes 50 % of rotting at storage, which is augmented by elevated temperatures and humidity. Such an alteration of onions during storage has a robust effect on both their quality and marketability. Although the storage life of onions is an inherent trait, it could be improved through efficient pre and post-harvest practices such as application of growth regulators, ensuring balanced nutrition, nanofertilizers application, and chemical treatments in addition to curing. Curing largely helps to prevent spoilage at storage and increases the availability of onions around the year. Moreover, issues such as sprouting, drying, and microbial spoilage could be minimized by employing advanced techniques like perfect handling, modified ventilation and controlled storage atmospheres with elevated CO2. Here, we present an overview of the strategies used to minimize post-harvest losses and discuss recent advances in preserving quality and extending the shelf-life of onions at storage.
{"title":"An update on post-harvest losses of onion and employed strategies for remedy","authors":"Tonima Islam Suravi, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Israt Jahan, Jannat Shopan, Munmun Saha, Biwsojit Debnath, Golam Jalal Ahammed","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113794","url":null,"abstract":"Onions (<ce:italic>Allium cepa</ce:italic> L.) are widely cultivated staple vegetables in daily cooking while, harvested onions as living entities that undergo various physicochemical changes including respiration, weight loss, rotting, and sprouting at storage. Due to high moisture content fresh onions are prone to rapid spoilage which is aggravated by inappropriate handling. Storage is a complicated issue regulated by numerous pre- and post-harvest features encompasses irrigation, fertilization, bulb maturity, harvesting period, curing techniques, storage environment, packaging materials, and chemical treatments; causing about 30–40 % losses of total yield. Again, the attritional changes at physiological, fructant and hormonal levels of stored onions enhance sprouting and microbial spoilage. Among the onion diseases, only <ce:italic>Fusarium</ce:italic> causes 50 % of rotting at storage, which is augmented by elevated temperatures and humidity. Such an alteration of onions during storage has a robust effect on both their quality and marketability. Although the storage life of onions is an inherent trait, it could be improved through efficient pre and post-harvest practices such as application of growth regulators, ensuring balanced nutrition, nanofertilizers application, and chemical treatments in addition to curing. Curing largely helps to prevent spoilage at storage and increases the availability of onions around the year. Moreover, issues such as sprouting, drying, and microbial spoilage could be minimized by employing advanced techniques like perfect handling, modified ventilation and controlled storage atmospheres with elevated CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. Here, we present an overview of the strategies used to minimize post-harvest losses and discuss recent advances in preserving quality and extending the shelf-life of onions at storage.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sweet potato tips are a potential vegetable with special flavor and high nutrients, but only the leafy type is popular among consumers, while most types of sweet potato tips are not widely accepted as a vegetable due to their bitter and astringent taste. Here, to reveal the biological pathway involved in the formation of bitter and astringent compounds in sweet potato tips, metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed for three sweet potato varieties with different levels of bitterness and astringency. Metabolomics analysis revealed that 139 metabolites might be related to both bitterness and astringency of sweet potato tips, and 31 flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives may synergistically affect bitterness and astringency. Histidine, alkaloids, and terpenoids specifically determine bitterness, while flavonol/flavone glycosides and seven phenolic acid derivatives specifically affect astringency. Transcriptome analysis identified 46 structural genes and 24 transcription factors responsible for the accumulation of bitter and astringent compounds, which were then used to construct the biosynthetic pathways. Two bHLHs were identified as hub genes in biosynthetic pathways of bitterness, and four MYBs and one bHLH were common transcription factors in the biosynthetic pathways of both bitterness and astringency. This study provides valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of bitter and astringent taste in sweet potato tips and important information for improvement of leafy type sweet potato.
{"title":"Metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal metabolites and genes associated with the bitterness and astringency in sweet potato tips","authors":"Xiaojie Jin, Hongjuan Bi, Xiaojing Jing, Lianjun Wang, Jian Lei, Shasha Chai, Xinsun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113781","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato tips are a potential vegetable with special flavor and high nutrients, but only the leafy type is popular among consumers, while most types of sweet potato tips are not widely accepted as a vegetable due to their bitter and astringent taste. Here, to reveal the biological pathway involved in the formation of bitter and astringent compounds in sweet potato tips, metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed for three sweet potato varieties with different levels of bitterness and astringency. Metabolomics analysis revealed that 139 metabolites might be related to both bitterness and astringency of sweet potato tips, and 31 flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives may synergistically affect bitterness and astringency. Histidine, alkaloids, and terpenoids specifically determine bitterness, while flavonol/flavone glycosides and seven phenolic acid derivatives specifically affect astringency. Transcriptome analysis identified 46 structural genes and 24 transcription factors responsible for the accumulation of bitter and astringent compounds, which were then used to construct the biosynthetic pathways. Two bHLHs were identified as hub genes in biosynthetic pathways of bitterness, and four MYBs and one bHLH were common transcription factors in the biosynthetic pathways of both bitterness and astringency. This study provides valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of bitter and astringent taste in sweet potato tips and important information for improvement of leafy type sweet potato.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the basis of Phytophthora tolerance is essential for targeted improvement of citrus. Here, we determined the short term and long-term plant (leaf and root tissues) response of Phytophthora tolerant (Swingle citrumelo; SC) and susceptible (rough lemon; RL) citrus genotypes by examining important defense related genes belonging to structural reinforcement, receptors, salicylic acid (SA) & jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. We also estimated downstream activity of the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and total phenols. The plants were artificially inoculated with mycelium and zoospores of P. nicotianae in root zone and studied at 34- and 105- days post inoculation (dpi). SC roots strongly upregulated receptor like genes viz., LecRK-I.9, BIR2, MPK4, MKK1 and TTG2 at 34-dpi; RL in contrast showed delayed (at 105-dpi) upregulation of LecRK-I.9, MKK1 and TTG2. SC also showed higher PAL activity, higher phenolic content and stronger expression of GSL5 in roots at 34-dpi to create barrier against invading pathogen. SC roots upregulated SA pathway genes like ICS1, EDS1, PAD4, CBP60g, PR-1 at 34-dpi, whereas, RL showed higher expression of JA-related genes (LOX2 and AOS) at 105-dpi, suggesting their role in favoring necrotrophic phase. In general, the SC leaf at 105-dpi mimicked the defense response of its roots at 34-dpi. Study results suggest that early perception, preformed barriers and restricting the pathogen in biotrophic phase are the key tolerance mechanisms of Swingle citrumelo to P. nicotianae. The differentially expressing receptor genes (LecRK-I.9, BIR2) and SA mediated defense gene, PR1 in Swingle citrumelo should further be explored for utilization in citrus rootstock improvement.
{"title":"Gene expression and metabolite analysis reveal importance of faster pathogen recognition and reduced pattern triggered immunity based cell death responses for Phytophthora nicotianae tolerance in citrus","authors":"Harsimran Singh, Krishan Kumar, Amandeep Mittal, Archana Kumari, Rimaljeet Kaur, Anita Arora, Harleen Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113789","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the basis of <ce:italic>Phytophthora</ce:italic> tolerance is essential for targeted improvement of citrus. Here, we determined the short term and long-term plant (leaf and root tissues) response of <ce:italic>Phytophthora</ce:italic> tolerant (Swingle citrumelo; SC) and susceptible (rough lemon; RL) citrus genotypes by examining important defense related genes belonging to structural reinforcement, receptors, salicylic acid (SA) & jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. We also estimated downstream activity of the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and total phenols. The plants were artificially inoculated with mycelium and zoospores of <ce:italic>P. nicotianae</ce:italic> in root zone and studied at 34- and 105- days post inoculation (dpi). SC roots strongly upregulated receptor like genes <ce:italic>viz</ce:italic>., <ce:italic>LecRK-I.9, BIR2, MPK4, MKK1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>TTG2</ce:italic> at 34-dpi; RL in contrast showed delayed (at 105-dpi) upregulation of <ce:italic>LecRK-I.9, MKK1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>TTG2</ce:italic>. SC also showed higher PAL activity, higher phenolic content and stronger expression of <ce:italic>GSL5</ce:italic> in roots at 34-dpi to create barrier against invading pathogen. SC roots upregulated SA pathway genes like <ce:italic>ICS1, EDS1, PAD4, CBP60</ce:italic><ce:italic>g, PR-1</ce:italic> at 34-dpi, whereas, RL showed higher expression of JA-related genes (<ce:italic>LOX2</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>AOS</ce:italic>) at 105-dpi, suggesting their role in favoring necrotrophic phase. In general, the SC leaf at 105-dpi mimicked the defense response of its roots at 34-dpi. Study results suggest that early perception, preformed barriers and restricting the pathogen in biotrophic phase are the key tolerance mechanisms of Swingle citrumelo to <ce:italic>P. nicotianae</ce:italic>. The differentially expressing receptor genes (<ce:italic>LecRK-I.9, BIR2</ce:italic>) and SA mediated defense gene, <ce:italic>PR1</ce:italic> in Swingle citrumelo should further be explored for utilization in citrus rootstock improvement.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tenderness is a core index for evaluating the quality of young tea plant shoots and ultimately influences the quality and yield of tea products in terms of bioactive components, processing adaptability, tenderness-keeping ability, and other factors. In this study, we describe the underlying regulatory mechanism of tenderness changes in young shoots of tea plants, combined with biochemical composition determination and transcriptome analysis. The high accumulation of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin is a direct factor leading to a decrease in the tenderness of young shoots, which is dependent on the upregulated expression of genes encoding enzymes related to their biosynthesis. The accumulation of lignin during tenderness decrease in young shoots was accompanied by a decrease in the major flavonoid catechins and anthocyanins, and the upregulated expression of lignin biosynthesis-related genes was also accompanied by the downregulated expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, implying that the competition between the lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways influences tenderness and bioactive component changes in young tea plant shoots. In addition, as core factors, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) and chalcone synthase (CHS) synergize with downstream enzymes to maintain the balance between lignin and flavonoid metabolism. MYB transcription factors in the G10 and G11 groups regulated the expression of genes related to lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively, and other transcription factors may also play roles in regulating this balance. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of quality changes in young tea plant shoots from the perspective of tenderness.
{"title":"The balance between lignin and flavonoid metabolism has a central role in the changes of quality in young shoots of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Weidong Wang, Tong Gao, Hongbin Yang, Yuanyuan Sun, Jiankun Yang, Jie Zhou, Tianshan Zhou, Liang Chen, Youben Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113788","url":null,"abstract":"Tenderness is a core index for evaluating the quality of young tea plant shoots and ultimately influences the quality and yield of tea products in terms of bioactive components, processing adaptability, tenderness-keeping ability, and other factors. In this study, we describe the underlying regulatory mechanism of tenderness changes in young shoots of tea plants, combined with biochemical composition determination and transcriptome analysis. The high accumulation of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin is a direct factor leading to a decrease in the tenderness of young shoots, which is dependent on the upregulated expression of genes encoding enzymes related to their biosynthesis. The accumulation of lignin during tenderness decrease in young shoots was accompanied by a decrease in the major flavonoid catechins and anthocyanins, and the upregulated expression of lignin biosynthesis-related genes was also accompanied by the downregulated expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, implying that the competition between the lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways influences tenderness and bioactive component changes in young tea plant shoots. In addition, as core factors, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) and chalcone synthase (CHS) synergize with downstream enzymes to maintain the balance between lignin and flavonoid metabolism. MYB transcription factors in the G10 and G11 groups regulated the expression of genes related to lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively, and other transcription factors may also play roles in regulating this balance. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of quality changes in young tea plant shoots from the perspective of tenderness.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113796
Novianti Suwitosari, Lai Keng Chan, Gunawan Indrayanto, Peng Lim Boey
Curcuma aeruginosa, a valuable medicinal plant of Zingiberaceae family, has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases by the locals of Southeast Asian countries. The demand of this plant coupled with its slow growing habit have resulted in gradual declining of its population. The aim of the study is to establish an efficient micropropagation technique for production of C. aeruginosa seedlings as planting materials to produce the rhizomes to meet the market demand. When the rhizomatous buds were cultured for eight weeks on the gelled shoot proliferation medium, MS supplemented with 2 mg L−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), only two to three shoots were produced from each explant. The newly established micropropagation technique by culturing the half-shoot explants in the aerated culture system for four weeks followed by another four weeks culture on gelled shoot proliferation medium, enabled an average of 15 shoots to produce from each explant. The in vitro seedlings derived via the conventional gelled medium had higher survival rate (96.7 ± 1.2 %) after acclimatization as compared to the established micropropagation technique with the aid of the aerated culture system (91.7 ± 1.7 %). This self-invented aerated culture system incorporate with gelled culture medium is an efficient mass propagation technique for C. aeruginosa. It enabled C. aeruginosa shoot explants to produce five times more clonal plantlets as compared to the conventional gelled medium culture.
{"title":"Establishment of an accelerated micropropagation system for Curcuma aeruginosa using a self-developed bench top aerated culture vessel","authors":"Novianti Suwitosari, Lai Keng Chan, Gunawan Indrayanto, Peng Lim Boey","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113796","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Curcuma aeruginosa,</ce:italic> a valuable medicinal plant of Zingiberaceae family, has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases by the locals of Southeast Asian countries. The demand of this plant coupled with its slow growing habit have resulted in gradual declining of its population. The aim of the study is to establish an efficient micropropagation technique for production of <ce:italic>C. aeruginosa</ce:italic> seedlings as planting materials to produce the rhizomes to meet the market demand. When the rhizomatous buds were cultured for eight weeks on the gelled shoot proliferation medium, MS supplemented with 2 mg <ce:italic>L</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg <ce:italic>L</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), only two to three shoots were produced from each explant. The newly established micropropagation technique by culturing the half-shoot explants in the aerated culture system for four weeks followed by another four weeks culture on gelled shoot proliferation medium, enabled an average of 15 shoots to produce from each explant. The <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> seedlings derived via the conventional gelled medium had higher survival rate (96.7 ± 1.2 %) after acclimatization as compared to the established micropropagation technique with the aid of the aerated culture system (91.7 ± 1.7 %). This self-invented aerated culture system incorporate with gelled culture medium is an efficient mass propagation technique for <ce:italic>C. aeruginosa.</ce:italic> It enabled <ce:italic>C. aeruginosa</ce:italic> shoot explants to produce five times more clonal plantlets as compared to the conventional gelled medium culture.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113791
Lingqi Su, Jiali Fu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Pei Liu, Qingqing Li, Song Zhang, Yong Peng
Enzymatic browning is one of the main problems during storage of fresh-cut apples. Pre-cut treatment with L-cysteine has been shown to effectively inhibit browning on fresh-cut apples, but its mechanism is still unclear. This work investigated the browning-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after pre-cut treatment with L-cysteine, and analyzed the relationship between ethylene biosynthesis and L-cysteine through combining with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatment. The results indicated that lots of DEGs related to ethylene biosynthesis on fresh-cut apples were up-regulated, and the ethylene content, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxilic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase activities were also improved after pre-cut L-cysteine. Further analysis found that AVG alleviated the effects of L-cysteine on the browning index, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione reductase (GR) activity of fresh-cut apples. Also, L-cysteine combined with AVG pretreatment reduced total phenol content and improved phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity compared with individual L-cysteine pretreatment. In addition, ethylene pretreatment also inhibited the browning and PPO activity, and increased POD activity, CAT activity and total phenol content on fresh-cut apples, which was better than that of L-cysteine combined with AVG pretreatment. This indirectly confirmed that pre-cut L-cysteine inhibited the browning of fresh-cut apples partly through regulating ethylene biosynthesis in vivo. The work proposes a novelty viewpoint that enhanced ethylene accumulation before cutting is helpful to inhibit the browning of fresh-cut apples.
{"title":"Transcriptome and physicochemical analysis revealed the potential anti-browning mechanism of pre-cut L-cysteine regulated by ethylene on fresh-cut apples","authors":"Lingqi Su, Jiali Fu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Pei Liu, Qingqing Li, Song Zhang, Yong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113791","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic browning is one of the main problems during storage of fresh-cut apples. Pre-cut treatment with L-cysteine has been shown to effectively inhibit browning on fresh-cut apples, but its mechanism is still unclear. This work investigated the browning-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after pre-cut treatment with L-cysteine, and analyzed the relationship between ethylene biosynthesis and L-cysteine through combining with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatment. The results indicated that lots of DEGs related to ethylene biosynthesis on fresh-cut apples were up-regulated, and the ethylene content, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxilic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase activities were also improved after pre-cut L-cysteine. Further analysis found that AVG alleviated the effects of L-cysteine on the browning index, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione reductase (GR) activity of fresh-cut apples. Also, L-cysteine combined with AVG pretreatment reduced total phenol content and improved phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity compared with individual L-cysteine pretreatment. In addition, ethylene pretreatment also inhibited the browning and PPO activity, and increased POD activity, CAT activity and total phenol content on fresh-cut apples, which was better than that of L-cysteine combined with AVG pretreatment. This indirectly confirmed that pre-cut L-cysteine inhibited the browning of fresh-cut apples partly through regulating ethylene biosynthesis in vivo. The work proposes a novelty viewpoint that enhanced ethylene accumulation before cutting is helpful to inhibit the browning of fresh-cut apples.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113785
Awais Ali, Piero Santoro, Antonio Ferrante, Giacomo Cocetta
Light manipulation for plant cultivation is a critical area of study in controlled environment agriculture (CEA), where a variety of artificial lighting conditions are often employed in plant factories, growth chambers and greenhouses. With this aim of manipulation, two lettuce cultivars, green and red, were treated with two different LED treatments: a continuous LED in which an average photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at the seedling level was maintained at 228 µmole s¯¹ m¯², a photoperiod of 16 h was set for a growing cycle of 30 days, and a dynamic mode pulsed LED treatment with a pulsed frequency set at 1 kHz with a duty cycle of 50 % along with the PPFD at 228 µmole s¯¹ m¯², a 16-hour photoperiod, and a growing cycle of 30 days. Sampling for quality assessment was done at harvesting (T0) and the effect of pre-harvest LED application was analyzed after 7 days of cold storage (T7). A significant reduction in the average fresh weight of both cultivars was seen under pulsed LED while a significant increase in leaf length was noticed among the treatments in red lettuce. Both treatments resulted in non-significant variations for photosynthetic pigments: total chlorophyll and carotenoids, while no significant differences were seen in terms of phenolic index and anthocyanin production in green lettuce. Red lettuce, however, yielded a significantly higher phenolic index for continuous LED at T0, which significantly declined at T7. In green lettuce, nitrate production underwent no significant differences under both treatments and time points; however, pulsed LED in red lettuce yielded significantly higher nitrate than continuous LED at T0. At both timepoints, no marked changes were seen in terms of total sugars in green lettuce, while a significant reduction in sugar was recorded under pulsed LED treatment. On the other hand, a significant decline in total sugars was noticed between the timepoints for red lettuce under continuous LED treatment, while no such variations were seen in red lettuce. Similarly, at T0 both green and red lettuce showed no remarkable increment or decline for sucrose, while it significantly declined between timepoints for red lettuce. Non-destructive analysis was carried out to investigate the health status of lettuce plants where the green lettuce under pulsed LED accumulated higher anthocyanins at both T0 and T7 and higher chlorophyll at T7 than red lettuce under the same LED application. Significantly higher anthocyanins were also seen at T7 between the two treatments in green lettuce. Non-significant differences, however, were found between the treatments and timepoints for both the photochemical maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm ratio) and the overall performance index (PI) of leaves. This research demonstrated the significance of artificial light modification from continuous to pulsed LED to save energy costs and a step forward towards retaining the quality of the produce in this dynamic mode.
植物栽培的光照控制是可控环境农业（CEA）的一个重要研究领域，植物工厂、生长室和温室通常会采用各种人工光照条件。为了达到这一目的，对绿色和红色两种莴苣栽培品种采用了两种不同的 LED 处理方法：一种是连续的 LED 处理，其中幼苗阶段的平均光合光通量密度（PPFD）保持在 228 µmole s¯¹ m¯²，光周期为 16 小时，生长周期为 30 天；另一种是动态模式脉冲 LED 处理，脉冲频率设定为 1 kHz，占空比为 50%，光合光通量密度保持在 228 µmole s¯¹ m¯²，光周期为 16 小时，生长周期为 30 天。采收时（T0）取样进行质量评估，冷藏 7 天后（T7）分析采收前使用 LED 的效果。在脉冲 LED 的作用下，两种栽培品种的平均鲜重都有明显下降，而在红莴苣的处理中，叶长有明显增加。两种处理都导致光合色素：总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的变化不显著，而绿色莴苣的酚指数和花青素产量没有显著差异。然而，在连续使用 LED 的情况下，红生菜在 T0 阶段的酚醛指数明显较高，而在 T7 阶段则明显下降。在绿色生菜中，两种处理和两个时间点的硝酸盐产量没有明显差异；但在红色生菜中，脉冲 LED 在 T0 阶段的硝酸盐产量明显高于连续 LED。在两个时间点上，绿色生菜的总糖含量均无明显变化，而脉冲 LED 处理下的糖含量则显著下降。另一方面，在连续 LED 处理下，红生菜的总糖在两个时间点之间明显下降，而红生菜则没有出现这种变化。同样，在 T0 阶段，绿色生菜和红色生菜的蔗糖都没有明显增加或减少，而红色生菜的蔗糖在不同时间点之间明显减少。对莴苣植株的健康状况进行了非破坏性分析，结果表明，在使用脉冲 LED 的情况下，绿色莴苣在 T0 和 T7 阶段积累的花青素和叶绿素均高于红色莴苣。两种处理的绿色生菜在 T7 时的花青素含量也显著较高。不过，在光系统 II 的光化学最大量子效率（Fv/Fm 比值）和叶片的整体性能指数（PI）方面，不同处理和时间点之间的差异并不显著。这项研究表明，将人工光源从连续式 LED 改为脉冲式 LED 对节约能源成本具有重要意义，同时也为在这种动态模式下保持农产品的质量迈出了一步。
{"title":"Continuous and pulsed LED applications on red and green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) for pre- and post-harvest quality and energy cost assessments","authors":"Awais Ali, Piero Santoro, Antonio Ferrante, Giacomo Cocetta","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113785","url":null,"abstract":"Light manipulation for plant cultivation is a critical area of study in controlled environment agriculture (CEA), where a variety of artificial lighting conditions are often employed in plant factories, growth chambers and greenhouses. With this aim of manipulation, two lettuce cultivars, green and red, were treated with two different LED treatments: a continuous LED in which an average photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at the seedling level was maintained at 228 µmole s¯¹ m¯², a photoperiod of 16 h was set for a growing cycle of 30 days, and a dynamic mode pulsed LED treatment with a pulsed frequency set at 1 kHz with a duty cycle of 50 % along with the PPFD at 228 µmole s¯¹ m¯², a 16-hour photoperiod, and a growing cycle of 30 days. Sampling for quality assessment was done at harvesting (T0) and the effect of pre-harvest LED application was analyzed after 7 days of cold storage (T7). A significant reduction in the average fresh weight of both cultivars was seen under pulsed LED while a significant increase in leaf length was noticed among the treatments in red lettuce. Both treatments resulted in non-significant variations for photosynthetic pigments: total chlorophyll and carotenoids, while no significant differences were seen in terms of phenolic index and anthocyanin production in green lettuce. Red lettuce, however, yielded a significantly higher phenolic index for continuous LED at T0, which significantly declined at T7. In green lettuce, nitrate production underwent no significant differences under both treatments and time points; however, pulsed LED in red lettuce yielded significantly higher nitrate than continuous LED at T0. At both timepoints, no marked changes were seen in terms of total sugars in green lettuce, while a significant reduction in sugar was recorded under pulsed LED treatment. On the other hand, a significant decline in total sugars was noticed between the timepoints for red lettuce under continuous LED treatment, while no such variations were seen in red lettuce. Similarly, at T0 both green and red lettuce showed no remarkable increment or decline for sucrose, while it significantly declined between timepoints for red lettuce. Non-destructive analysis was carried out to investigate the health status of lettuce plants where the green lettuce under pulsed LED accumulated higher anthocyanins at both T0 and T7 and higher chlorophyll at T7 than red lettuce under the same LED application. Significantly higher anthocyanins were also seen at T7 between the two treatments in green lettuce. Non-significant differences, however, were found between the treatments and timepoints for both the photochemical maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm ratio) and the overall performance index (PI) of leaves. This research demonstrated the significance of artificial light modification from continuous to pulsed LED to save energy costs and a step forward towards retaining the quality of the produce in this dynamic mode.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113793
Yuqiang Wen, Tianle Xu, Dandan Qi, Wei Chang, Kun Li, Xiaoxu Fan, Mengmeng Zhang, Yuan Ping, Fuqiang Song
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar have potential applications in agriculture and ecological restoration. However, the effects of AMF combined with biochar on the bioenergy quality of plants under saline-alkali stress have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we examined the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) and biochar application, individually or in combination, on the growth, osmoregulation, ion uptake, and expression of energy quality-related genes in switchgrass under saline-alkali stress. The results showed: (1) The biomass of switchgrass in the BR treatment group increased by 35.50 % and 39.71 % compared with the BC and Ri treatment groups, respectively; (2) Ri combined with biochar increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances, and influenced plant hormone synthesis; (3) The combined treatment significantly increased the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in leaves and roots, reduced the contents of Na+, and maintained high K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+ ratios; (4) The expression levels of stress response, reactive oxygen scavenging, ion transport, and cellulose biosynthesis genes in leaves and roots of switchgrass were the highest in the BR treatment; (5) The cellulose, hemicellulose, and calorific value of switchgrass in the BR treatment group reached maximum values of 29.2 %, 29.1 %, and 17.6 MJ/kg, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that Ri combined with biochar can enhance the saline-alkali tolerance of switchgrass, improve plant energy quality, and provide a new approach for increasing the planting area and improving the quality of energy plants.
{"title":"Rhizophagus irregularis combined with biochar can improve the saline-alkali tolerance and energy quality of switchgrass through osmoregulation and gene expression","authors":"Yuqiang Wen, Tianle Xu, Dandan Qi, Wei Chang, Kun Li, Xiaoxu Fan, Mengmeng Zhang, Yuan Ping, Fuqiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113793","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar have potential applications in agriculture and ecological restoration. However, the effects of AMF combined with biochar on the bioenergy quality of plants under saline-alkali stress have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we examined the effects of <ce:italic>Rhizophagus irregularis</ce:italic> (Ri) and biochar application, individually or in combination, on the growth, osmoregulation, ion uptake, and expression of energy quality-related genes in switchgrass under saline-alkali stress. The results showed: (1) The biomass of switchgrass in the BR treatment group increased by 35.50 % and 39.71 % compared with the BC and Ri treatment groups, respectively; (2) Ri combined with biochar increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances, and influenced plant hormone synthesis; (3) The combined treatment significantly increased the contents of <ce:italic>K</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>, Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>, and Mg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> in leaves and roots, reduced the contents of Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>, and maintained high <ce:italic>K</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>/Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>, Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>/Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>, and Mg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>/Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> ratios; (4) The expression levels of stress response, reactive oxygen scavenging, ion transport, and cellulose biosynthesis genes in leaves and roots of switchgrass were the highest in the BR treatment; (5) The cellulose, hemicellulose, and calorific value of switchgrass in the BR treatment group reached maximum values of 29.2 %, 29.1 %, and 17.6 MJ/kg, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that Ri combined with biochar can enhance the saline-alkali tolerance of switchgrass, improve plant energy quality, and provide a new approach for increasing the planting area and improving the quality of energy plants.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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