This study aimed to elucidate the effects of magnetoelectric brackish water irrigation and Bacillus subtilis on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of pakchoi in arid regions, and identify the optimal photosynthetic response model. Pakchoi was used as the subject, with magnetoelectric brackish water as the irrigation source and five different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg), totaling six treatment groups. Photosynthetic response curves were measured at maturity, and the response processes were fitted and compared using the rectangular hyperbola model, non-rectangular hyperbola model, exponential model, and the Ye zi-piao model to explore the photosynthetic characteristics, model applicability, and yield changes under different Bacillus subtilis concentrations. Results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of pakchoi was highest under the MB3 treatment. As the Bacillus subtilis application rate increased, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing, with 30 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis being the most effective for enhancing Pnmax. Analysis of fit indices such as the coefficient of determination (R²) revealed that the fit of the photosynthetic response models in the southern Xinjiang arid region was in the order: non-rectangular hyperbola model > Ye zi-piao model > exponential model > rectangular hyperbola model, with the non-rectangular hyperbola model providing the best fit, with an R² value greater than 0.99. In this model, parameters including maximum Pnmax, apparent quantum efficiency (α), dark respiration rate (Rd), light saturation point (Isat), and light compensation point (Ic) were optimal at a Bacillus subtilis concentration of 30 g/kg, achieving the highest pakchoi yield of 56.57 t/ha. Analysis using the quadratic regression model indicated that under the experimental conditions, increasing the Bacillus subtilis application rate to 37.62 g/kg could achieve a maximum yield of c t/ha. The results demonstrate that combining magnetoelectric brackish water irrigation with Bacillus subtilis application can significantly enhance the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of pakchoi, with 30 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis being the optimal application rate, offering excellent light energy absorption and utilization efficiency. This study provides a reference for photosynthetic characteristics research in arid region crops and offers a theoretical basis for practical production.
{"title":"Effects of Bacillus subtilis on photosynthesis and yield of pakchoi under magnetoelectric brackish water irrigation","authors":"Qingyuan Lei, Pengcheng Luo, Wanghai Tao, Zhanbo Jiang, Haonan Chen, Jianqi Liu, Yuyang Shan, Quanjiu Wang, Mingjiang Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113934","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to elucidate the effects of magnetoelectric brackish water irrigation and Bacillus subtilis on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of pakchoi in arid regions, and identify the optimal photosynthetic response model. Pakchoi was used as the subject, with magnetoelectric brackish water as the irrigation source and five different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg), totaling six treatment groups. Photosynthetic response curves were measured at maturity, and the response processes were fitted and compared using the rectangular hyperbola model, non-rectangular hyperbola model, exponential model, and the Ye zi-piao model to explore the photosynthetic characteristics, model applicability, and yield changes under different Bacillus subtilis concentrations. Results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate (<ce:italic>P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">n</ce:inf></ce:italic>) of pakchoi was highest under the MB3 treatment. As the Bacillus subtilis application rate increased, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (<ce:italic>P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">nmax</ce:inf></ce:italic>) showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing, with 30 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis being the most effective for enhancing <ce:italic>P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">nmax</ce:inf></ce:italic>. Analysis of fit indices such as the coefficient of determination (<ce:italic>R²</ce:italic>) revealed that the fit of the photosynthetic response models in the southern Xinjiang arid region was in the order: non-rectangular hyperbola model > Ye zi-piao model > exponential model > rectangular hyperbola model, with the non-rectangular hyperbola model providing the best fit, with an <ce:italic>R²</ce:italic> value greater than 0.99. In this model, parameters including maximum <ce:italic>P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">nmax</ce:inf></ce:italic>, apparent quantum efficiency (<ce:italic>α</ce:italic>), dark respiration rate (<ce:italic>R<ce:inf loc=\"post\">d</ce:inf></ce:italic>), light saturation point (<ce:italic>I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">sat</ce:inf></ce:italic>), and light compensation point (<ce:italic>I<ce:inf loc=\"post\">c</ce:inf></ce:italic>) were optimal at a Bacillus subtilis concentration of 30 g/kg, achieving the highest pakchoi yield of 56.57 t/ha. Analysis using the quadratic regression model indicated that under the experimental conditions, increasing the Bacillus subtilis application rate to 37.62 g/kg could achieve a maximum yield of c t/ha. The results demonstrate that combining magnetoelectric brackish water irrigation with Bacillus subtilis application can significantly enhance the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of pakchoi, with 30 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis being the optimal application rate, offering excellent light energy absorption and utilization efficiency. This study provides a reference for photosynthetic characteristics research in arid region crops and offers a theoretical basis for practical production.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113931
Renkui Yu, Huajie Xu, Yuhan Tang, Jun Tao
The herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) holds an important position in Chinese culture and is an increasingly popular choice for high-quality cut flowers. The quality of herbaceous peony is significantly impacted by the bending of herbaceous peony stems. Although several regulatory factors participating in stem development have been identified in other plants, only a few involved in herbaceous peony have been reported. In the present investigation, we isolated and cloned the SPL transcription factor PlSPL7 from the herbaceous peony and verified its function in the stems. PlSPL7 has a reading frame that spans 2,683 base pairs and codes for 774 amino acids and contains a conserved SBP structural domain. qRT-PCR showed that the expression of PlSPL7 decreased gradually during herbaceous peony stem development, with significant expression in the stem. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the PlSPL7 protein localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasmic membrane. Heterologous overexpression of PlSPL7 resulted in a decrease in stem diameter and strength, as well as a reduction in xylem width and lignin accumulation. These results indicate that PlSPL7 may have a controlling function in the growth of stem and could be a potential candidate gene influencing plant stem straightness through its regulation of lignin accumulation, thereby offering fresh perspectives on plant stem growth and development.
{"title":"Identification and functional studies on the role of PlSPL7 in herbaceous peony stem","authors":"Renkui Yu, Huajie Xu, Yuhan Tang, Jun Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113931","url":null,"abstract":"The herbaceous peony (<ce:italic>Paeonia lactiflora</ce:italic> Pall.) holds an important position in Chinese culture and is an increasingly popular choice for high-quality cut flowers. The quality of herbaceous peony is significantly impacted by the bending of herbaceous peony stems. Although several regulatory factors participating in stem development have been identified in other plants, only a few involved in herbaceous peony have been reported. In the present investigation, we isolated and cloned the SPL transcription factor <ce:italic>PlSPL7</ce:italic> from the herbaceous peony and verified its function in the stems. <ce:italic>PlSPL7</ce:italic> has a reading frame that spans 2,683 base pairs and codes for 774 amino acids and contains a conserved SBP structural domain. qRT-PCR showed that the expression of <ce:italic>PlSPL7</ce:italic> decreased gradually during herbaceous peony stem development, with significant expression in the stem. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the PlSPL7 protein localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasmic membrane. Heterologous overexpression of <ce:italic>PlSPL7</ce:italic> resulted in a decrease in stem diameter and strength, as well as a reduction in xylem width and lignin accumulation. These results indicate that <ce:italic>PlSPL7</ce:italic> may have a controlling function in the growth of stem and could be a potential candidate gene influencing plant stem straightness through its regulation of lignin accumulation, thereby offering fresh perspectives on plant stem growth and development.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113946
Paulo Ricardo Rodrigues de Jesus, Sarita Leonel, Magali Leonel, Hebert Teixeira Cândido, Marco Antonio Tecchio
The diversification of banana germplasm is necessary for a sustainable and profitable crop. Intercropping can be a promising technique for more efficient and sustainable horticultural crops production. One of the biggest challenges of intercropping with two or more crops is maintaining the productivity of each single crop. This study was performed in the Midwest of the state of São Paulo, in the subtropical region of southeastern Brazil to evaluate the yield performance and competitiveness indices of four banana (‘BRS FHIA Maravilha’, ‘BRS Pacoua’, ‘SCS451 Catarina’ and ‘Prata Anã’) genotypes in intercropping with lemongrass. Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive seasons. Cropping systems has no effect on banana yields, but variations were observed between cultivars. The highest yields were obtained in the bananas ‘SCS451 Prata Catarina’ and ‘BRS FHIA Maravilha’ at both harvest seasons, while the ‘BRS Pacoua’ showed the lowest yields. Lemongrass intercropped with banana cultivars showed no difference in yield in the two years of cropping. However, the average cumulative yield of lemongrass increased according to the harvest time evaluated, with 10.9 t ha-1 in the first year and 24.5 t ha-1 in the second year. The average total land use efficiency and the area-time equivalent ratio had values > 1.0, indicating higher yields in intercropping compared to sole cropping. The competitive relationship between the two crops showed that the banana cultivars were less competitive for environmental resources than lemongrass.
香蕉种质资源的多样化是香蕉可持续发展和盈利的必要条件。间作是一种很有前途的技术，可以提高园艺作物的生产效率和可持续性。两种或两种以上作物间作的最大挑战之一是保持每一种作物的生产力。本研究在巴西东南部亚热带地区圣保罗州中西部对4种基因型香蕉（‘BRS FHIA Maravilha’、‘BRS Pacoua’、‘SCS451 Catarina’和‘Prata Anã’）与柠檬草间作的产量表现和竞争力指标进行了评价。田间试验连续两个季节进行。种植制度对香蕉产量没有影响，但栽培品种之间存在差异。在两个收获季节，香蕉‘SCS451 Prata Catarina’和‘BRS FHIA Maravilha’的产量最高，而‘BRS Pacoua’的产量最低。间作柠檬草与香蕉品种的产量在两年内没有差异。然而，柠檬草的平均累积产量随着收获时间的增加而增加，第一年为10.9 t ha-1，第二年为24.5 t ha-1。平均土地利用效率和面积-时间等效比均有值；1.0，表明间作比单作产量更高。两种作物之间的竞争关系表明，香蕉品种对环境资源的竞争能力弱于柠檬草品种。
{"title":"Variability, sustainability and productivity of banana and lemongrass intercropping based on yield components and competitive indices","authors":"Paulo Ricardo Rodrigues de Jesus, Sarita Leonel, Magali Leonel, Hebert Teixeira Cândido, Marco Antonio Tecchio","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113946","url":null,"abstract":"The diversification of banana germplasm is necessary for a sustainable and profitable crop. Intercropping can be a promising technique for more efficient and sustainable horticultural crops production. One of the biggest challenges of intercropping with two or more crops is maintaining the productivity of each single crop. This study was performed in the Midwest of the state of São Paulo, in the subtropical region of southeastern Brazil to evaluate the yield performance and competitiveness indices of four banana (‘BRS FHIA Maravilha’, ‘BRS Pacoua’, ‘SCS451 Catarina’ and ‘Prata Anã’) genotypes in intercropping with lemongrass. Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive seasons. Cropping systems has no effect on banana yields, but variations were observed between cultivars. The highest yields were obtained in the bananas ‘SCS451 Prata Catarina’ and ‘BRS FHIA Maravilha’ at both harvest seasons, while the ‘BRS Pacoua’ showed the lowest yields. Lemongrass intercropped with banana cultivars showed no difference in yield in the two years of cropping. However, the average cumulative yield of lemongrass increased according to the harvest time evaluated, with 10.9 t ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> in the first year and 24.5 t ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> in the second year. The average total land use efficiency and the area-time equivalent ratio had values > 1.0, indicating higher yields in intercropping compared to sole cropping. The competitive relationship between the two crops showed that the banana cultivars were less competitive for environmental resources than lemongrass.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113928
Chih-Hsuan Chen, Syuan-You Lin, Chin-Mu Chen
Interest in ornamental blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) for container gardening is increasing, particularly among home gardeners seeking plants with both aesthetic appeal and edible qualities. However, the adaptability of current ornamental blueberry cultivars in subtropical regions is limited due to their moderate to high chilling requirements. This study aimed to enhance the ornamental qualities of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids) cultivars ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’, which were not initially bred for ornamental use, through foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ). We investigated the effects of PBZ on controlling plant height, canopy spread, and fruit cluster characteristics on whips and laterals. Two field experiments were conducted in central Taiwan during the 2021–2023 season. In mid-September 2021, the first experiment involved treating ‘Warm Land’ plants with PBZ at 0, 4.6, 46, and 230 mg·L–1. Although PBZ at 4.6 mg·L–1 did not affect the plant height, canopy spread, and plant-to-pot height, PBZ at 46 and 230 mg·L–1 significantly reduced these parameters by 17.1 %–33.6 %, 17.5 %–29.0 %, and 16.3 %–32.7 %, respectively, compared to the untreated control. The highest PBZ concentration also reduced the length of the main inflorescence axis and fruit number per fruit cluster on whips by 49.7 % and 31.5 %, respectively. In contrast, while the length of the main inflorescence axis on laterals was reduced, fruit number was not significantly affected. The second experiment in 2022 included both ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’ and confirmed that PBZ effectively reduced plant height and altered fruit cluster characteristics without significantly affecting the canopy spread. Compared to the untreated control, higher PBZ concentrations (46 and 230 mg·L–1) significantly reduced the length of the main inflorescence axis on whips and laterals by 38.2 %–48.5 % and 20.0 %–40.0 %, respectively. Notably, at 230 mg·L–1 PBZ, compressed and deformed fruits were observed on whips. Although there was no significant reduction in the fruit number per cluster on whips, the fruit number per fruit cluster on laterals was significantly reduced by 26.2 % and 30.8 % at 46 and 230 mg·L–1 PBZ, respectively. Our results indicate that a single foliar application of 46 mg·L–1 PBZ effectively improves the ornamental qualities of ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’ without negatively impacting the appearance of the fruits. This approach offers a cost-effective strategy to enhance ornamental traits of existing southern highbush blueberry cultivars and expands the use of ornamental blueberries in subtropical climates, thus diversifying the options available to home gardeners.
{"title":"Enhancing ornamental qualities of southern highbush blueberry container plants with paclobutrazol in subtropical climates","authors":"Chih-Hsuan Chen, Syuan-You Lin, Chin-Mu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113928","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in ornamental blueberries (<ce:italic>Vaccinium</ce:italic> spp.) for container gardening is increasing, particularly among home gardeners seeking plants with both aesthetic appeal and edible qualities. However, the adaptability of current ornamental blueberry cultivars in subtropical regions is limited due to their moderate to high chilling requirements. This study aimed to enhance the ornamental qualities of southern highbush blueberry (<ce:italic>Vaccinium corymbosum</ce:italic> L. interspecific hybrids) cultivars ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’, which were not initially bred for ornamental use, through foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ). We investigated the effects of PBZ on controlling plant height, canopy spread, and fruit cluster characteristics on whips and laterals. Two field experiments were conducted in central Taiwan during the 2021–2023 season. In mid-September 2021, the first experiment involved treating ‘Warm Land’ plants with PBZ at 0, 4.6, 46, and 230 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup>. Although PBZ at 4.6 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup> did not affect the plant height, canopy spread, and plant-to-pot height, PBZ at 46 and 230 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup> significantly reduced these parameters by 17.1 %–33.6 %, 17.5 %–29.0 %, and 16.3 %–32.7 %, respectively, compared to the untreated control. The highest PBZ concentration also reduced the length of the main inflorescence axis and fruit number per fruit cluster on whips by 49.7 % and 31.5 %, respectively. In contrast, while the length of the main inflorescence axis on laterals was reduced, fruit number was not significantly affected. The second experiment in 2022 included both ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’ and confirmed that PBZ effectively reduced plant height and altered fruit cluster characteristics without significantly affecting the canopy spread. Compared to the untreated control, higher PBZ concentrations (46 and 230 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup>) significantly reduced the length of the main inflorescence axis on whips and laterals by 38.2 %–48.5 % and 20.0 %–40.0 %, respectively. Notably, at 230 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup> PBZ, compressed and deformed fruits were observed on whips. Although there was no significant reduction in the fruit number per cluster on whips, the fruit number per fruit cluster on laterals was significantly reduced by 26.2 % and 30.8 % at 46 and 230 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup> PBZ, respectively. Our results indicate that a single foliar application of 46 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup> PBZ effectively improves the ornamental qualities of ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’ without negatively impacting the appearance of the fruits. This approach offers a cost-effective strategy to enhance ornamental traits of existing southern highbush blueberry cultivars and expands the use of ornamental blueberries in subtropical climates, thus diversifying the options available to home gardeners.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The blueberry is an important commercial fruit tree with high nutritional value in its fruit. Due to the complexity of its ploidy, genetic improvement in blueberry faces challenges such as difficult genetic transformation and low efficiency. Protoplasts can be used as efficient recipients for transient transformation and serve as important tools for gene function and editing. However, no one has reported a protoplast transformation system in blueberries. In this study, we established an efficient system for the isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts. The 30-day culture of callus from leaf discs was selected as the optimum callus for the isolation of protoplasts with the highest yield and viability. The callus was then incubated in an enzymolysis solution containing 1.2 % (w/v) Cellulase R-10, 0.8 % (w/v) Macerozyme R-10, and 0.5 M d-mannitol under dark for 5 h, and the protoplast yield obtained was 2.95×106g−1 (FW) with 90.4 % viability. Furthermore, by optimizing various transformation conditions, a transformation efficiency of 40.4 % was achieved when 35–40 μg plasmids were mixed with 100 μL protoplasts and incubated with 45 % (w/v) PEG in the dark for 35 min. Additionally, the results of VcHKT1;1 subcellular localization further verified the reliability of this system. Overall, our study reports a highly efficient system for isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts and provides crucial technical support for the exploration of blueberry physiology and molecular mechanism, as well as promising prospects for blueberry breeding.
{"title":"Efficient Protoplast Isolation and PEG-mediated Transformation protocols for blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum","authors":"Xinyan Zhao, Huifang Song, Jiali Liu, Kaiyue Feng, Qingnan Wu, Tahreem Arif, Yibo Cao, Lingyun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113916","url":null,"abstract":"The blueberry is an important commercial fruit tree with high nutritional value in its fruit. Due to the complexity of its ploidy, genetic improvement in blueberry faces challenges such as difficult genetic transformation and low efficiency. Protoplasts can be used as efficient recipients for transient transformation and serve as important tools for gene function and editing. However, no one has reported a protoplast transformation system in blueberries. In this study, we established an efficient system for the isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts. The 30-day culture of callus from leaf discs was selected as the optimum callus for the isolation of protoplasts with the highest yield and viability. The callus was then incubated in an enzymolysis solution containing 1.2 % (w/v) Cellulase R-10, 0.8 % (w/v) Macerozyme R-10, and 0.5 M <ce:small-caps>d</ce:small-caps>-mannitol under dark for 5 h, and the protoplast yield obtained was 2.95×10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">6</ce:sup><ce:italic>g</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> (FW) with 90.4 % viability. Furthermore, by optimizing various transformation conditions, a transformation efficiency of 40.4 % was achieved when 35–40 μg plasmids were mixed with 100 μL protoplasts and incubated with 45 % (w/v) PEG in the dark for 35 min. Additionally, the results of VcHKT1;1 subcellular localization further verified the reliability of this system. Overall, our study reports a highly efficient system for isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts and provides crucial technical support for the exploration of blueberry physiology and molecular mechanism, as well as promising prospects for blueberry breeding.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113929
Enrique Mateos-Naranjo, Jesús V. García-López, Noris J. Flores-Duarte, Elena Romano-Rodríguez, Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente, Jesús A. Pérez-Romero, Eloísa Pajuelo, Susana Redondo-Gómez
The interest in the use of PGPR-based biofertilizers has increased in the last few years, since they may allow crops to increase their productivity through alleviating environmental stress. However, this promising technology is still at an early experimental stage since the majority of evidence has been obtained under controlled conditions. Therefore, the technology readiness levels (TRL) of PGPR-based biofertilizers is in low phases (1–4; laboratory environment), so it is necessary to focus on higher phases to achieve real implementation. In this study, our aim was to reach levels framed between TRLs 5–6, from relevant to the real environment, which addresses the design and development of a definitive prototype of PGPR-based biofertilizer to improve strawberry production under two agronomic managements [FS1 (100 % application of evapotranspired water and conventional fertilizer application) and FS2 (70 % application of irrigation and fertilization reduction to 70 %)] through three experimental phases (1: biofertilizer screening; 2: validation under greenhouse; and 3: trial validation in a commercial strawberry production facility). Phases 1 and 2 allowed us to select biofertilizer 2 (PGP strains SDT3, HPJ40, SMT38, SRT15 and S110) which was able to increase production c. 13 % and 23 % under the FS1 and FS2 treatments, respectively. Furthermore, a significant relationship was also found between biofertilizer supply and the accumulation of primary metabolites. These positive effects were associated with the higher plant carbon assimilation capacity and photosystem energy efficiency. Commercial facility trial validation results showed an increase of 10 % and 8 % in inoculated plots with respect to non-inoculated plots under FS1 and FS2 treatments, respectively. Likewise, this positive effect was related to positive physiological responses. Although the biofertilizer effect was less acute than under laboratory conditions, the magnitude of the percentages obtained was important enough to validate the positive impact of biofertilizer 2 on strawberry yield in the real environment to be able to verify the development of this technology up to level 6.
{"title":"Development of a PGPB-based biofertilizer to optimize strawberry cultivation in semiarid regions: Screening, validation and scaling up to commercial production","authors":"Enrique Mateos-Naranjo, Jesús V. García-López, Noris J. Flores-Duarte, Elena Romano-Rodríguez, Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente, Jesús A. Pérez-Romero, Eloísa Pajuelo, Susana Redondo-Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113929","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in the use of PGPR-based biofertilizers has increased in the last few years, since they may allow crops to increase their productivity through alleviating environmental stress. However, this promising technology is still at an early experimental stage since the majority of evidence has been obtained under controlled conditions. Therefore, the technology readiness levels (TRL) of PGPR-based biofertilizers is in low phases (1–4; laboratory environment), so it is necessary to focus on higher phases to achieve real implementation. In this study, our aim was to reach levels framed between TRLs 5–6, from relevant to the real environment, which addresses the design and development of a definitive prototype of PGPR-based biofertilizer to improve strawberry production under two agronomic managements [<ce:italic>FS1</ce:italic> (100 % application of evapotranspired water and conventional fertilizer application) and <ce:italic>FS2</ce:italic> (70 % application of irrigation and fertilization reduction to 70 %)] through three experimental phases (1: biofertilizer screening; 2: validation under greenhouse; and 3: trial validation in a commercial strawberry production facility). Phases 1 and 2 allowed us to select biofertilizer 2 (PGP strains SDT3, HPJ40, SMT38, SRT15 and S110) which was able to increase production c. 13 % and 23 % under the <ce:italic>FS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>FS2</ce:italic> treatments, respectively. Furthermore, a significant relationship was also found between biofertilizer supply and the accumulation of primary metabolites. These positive effects were associated with the higher plant carbon assimilation capacity and photosystem energy efficiency. Commercial facility trial validation results showed an increase of 10 % and 8 % in inoculated plots with respect to non-inoculated plots under <ce:italic>FS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>FS2</ce:italic> treatments, respectively. Likewise, this positive effect was related to positive physiological responses. Although the biofertilizer effect was less acute than under laboratory conditions, the magnitude of the percentages obtained was important enough to validate the positive impact of biofertilizer 2 on strawberry yield in the real environment to be able to verify the development of this technology up to level 6.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113921
Yuxiao Tian, Jin Nie, Dandan Fei, Shuxiang Mao, Junwei Wang, Qiuyun Wu, Ke Huang
Purple flowering stalk, with vivid color and high yield, is a special vegetable rich in glucosinolates. This study analyzed and evaluated the variability of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 127 genotypes of purple flowering stalks. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of qualitative traits varied from 0.16 (leaf vein clarity) to 1.57 (cotyledon color), and quantitative traits varied from 1.48 (rosette number) to 2.06 (cotyledon groove depth). Moreover, the highest coefficient of variation in quantitative traits was found in three yield-related traits: main flowering stalk weight, main flowering stalk length, and lateral flowering stalk number (63.35 %, 45.17 %, and 46.57 %, respectively). Cluster analysis divided accessions into three major clusters. The hierarchical cluster analysis implied that the yield-related traits and nutritional traits contribute most to the distinction. In principal component analysis based on yield and nutritional traits, the eight components explained 76.4 % of the variance in the data. All varieties were evaluated by comprehensive score, and the top ten of them (CS 70, CS 56, CS 105, CS 114, CS 113, CS 129, CS 93, CS134, CS 35, CS 74) with different characters can be used in the improvement of breeding. Correlation analysis suggested that shorter flowering stalks may have more content of total glucosinolates, ascorbic acid, and soluble protein. In conclusion, this work provides basic materials and theories for purple flowering stalk breeding.
{"title":"Phenotypic evaluation and analysis of important agronomic traits and nutritional quality in purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.)","authors":"Yuxiao Tian, Jin Nie, Dandan Fei, Shuxiang Mao, Junwei Wang, Qiuyun Wu, Ke Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113921","url":null,"abstract":"Purple flowering stalk, with vivid color and high yield, is a special vegetable rich in glucosinolates. This study analyzed and evaluated the variability of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 127 genotypes of purple flowering stalks. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of qualitative traits varied from 0.16 (leaf vein clarity) to 1.57 (cotyledon color), and quantitative traits varied from 1.48 (rosette number) to 2.06 (cotyledon groove depth). Moreover, the highest coefficient of variation in quantitative traits was found in three yield-related traits: main flowering stalk weight, main flowering stalk length, and lateral flowering stalk number (63.35 %, 45.17 %, and 46.57 %, respectively). Cluster analysis divided accessions into three major clusters. The hierarchical cluster analysis implied that the yield-related traits and nutritional traits contribute most to the distinction. In principal component analysis based on yield and nutritional traits, the eight components explained 76.4 % of the variance in the data. All varieties were evaluated by comprehensive score, and the top ten of them (CS 70, CS 56, CS 105, CS 114, CS 113, CS 129, CS 93, CS134, CS 35, CS 74) with different characters can be used in the improvement of breeding. Correlation analysis suggested that shorter flowering stalks may have more content of total glucosinolates, ascorbic acid, and soluble protein. In conclusion, this work provides basic materials and theories for purple flowering stalk breeding.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113885
Yuchao Tang, Kang Luo, Jingyi Bai, Wenliang Zhang, Jun Ming
Lilium lancifolium is one of the most widely cultivated lily species in China, valued for its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties. Bulbils, which are specialized vegetative organs formed in the leaf axils of L. lancifolium, play a crucial role in its reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in L. lancifolium have not been elucidated. In this study, we established an efficient and stable in vitro induction system for bulbil formation using the bulbs of L. lancifolium sprouted at 4 °C as materials. Additionally, we systematically investigated the effects of exogenous auxins and auxin inhibitors on bulbil development through a combination of morphological and histological observations, as well as analyses of hormone levels and gene expression. The results indicated that low concentrations of exogenous IAA not only increased the number of bulbils formed per leaf axil but also reduced the time required for bulbil initiation. Conversely, auxin inhibitors suppressed this process, with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect. Phytohormone analysis reviewed that auxin (IAA), cytokinin (ZRs) and gibberellin (GA3) may be involved in bulbil formation. Early auxin signaling is required for the initiation of axillary meristem formation during bulbil development, while the formation of bulbil primordia necessitates lower concentrations of auxin accumulation. Cytokinin appears to promote bulbil formation, and a lower IAA/ZR ratio may be advantageous for axillary meristem (AM) development. Gene expression data suggest that auxin- and cytokinin-related genes are implicated in bulbil initiation. The present study provided a viable system for investigating the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in lilies. And the results laid solid foundation of the regulation of bulbil formation in plants.
{"title":"Development of an in vitro bulbil-induction system for Lilium lancifolium and the impact of exogenous auxin on bulbil formation","authors":"Yuchao Tang, Kang Luo, Jingyi Bai, Wenliang Zhang, Jun Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113885","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Lilium lancifolium</ce:italic> is one of the most widely cultivated lily species in China, valued for its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties. Bulbils, which are specialized vegetative organs formed in the leaf axils of <ce:italic>L. lancifolium</ce:italic>, play a crucial role in its reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in <ce:italic>L. lancifolium</ce:italic> have not been elucidated. In this study, we established an efficient and stable <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> induction system for bulbil formation using the bulbs of <ce:italic>L. lancifolium</ce:italic> sprouted at 4 °C as materials. Additionally, we systematically investigated the effects of exogenous auxins and auxin inhibitors on bulbil development through a combination of morphological and histological observations, as well as analyses of hormone levels and gene expression. The results indicated that low concentrations of exogenous IAA not only increased the number of bulbils formed per leaf axil but also reduced the time required for bulbil initiation. Conversely, auxin inhibitors suppressed this process, with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect. Phytohormone analysis reviewed that auxin (IAA), cytokinin (ZRs) and gibberellin (GA3) may be involved in bulbil formation. Early auxin signaling is required for the initiation of axillary meristem formation during bulbil development, while the formation of bulbil primordia necessitates lower concentrations of auxin accumulation. Cytokinin appears to promote bulbil formation, and a lower IAA/ZR ratio may be advantageous for axillary meristem (AM) development. Gene expression data suggest that auxin- and cytokinin-related genes are implicated in bulbil initiation. The present study provided a viable system for investigating the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in lilies. And the results laid solid foundation of the regulation of bulbil formation in plants.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted a meticulous analysis to elucidate the physiological responses to calcium supplementation at the young fruit growth and fruit expansion stages, focusing on its impact on fruit pericarp development. Our study demonstrated that calcium application significantly reduced fruit cracking by 71.09 %, increased fruit load by 16.73 %, and enhanced yield by 17.39 %. Notably, calcium application during the young fruit growth stage had a more pronounced effect on yield improvement. TEM-EDS spectral analysis revealed that calcium application increased calcium distribution within pericarp intercellular spaces, facilitating cross-linking of demethylated pectin with calcium ions and altering pectin composition. This led to a predominance of stable ionic and covalently bound pectins during fruit pericarp thickening, reducing labile water-soluble pectins. This change significantly inhibited the degradation and softening processes of the fruit pericarp by enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and polygalacturonase, allowing the fruit pericarp to maintain a higher degree of firmness. The denser cellular arrangement and increased hardness effectively combated fruit cracking. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of calcium in pericarp development and provide a physiological basis for reducing fruit cracking.
{"title":"Calcium application regulates fruit cracking by cross-linking of fruit peel pectin during young fruit growth stage of citrus","authors":"ZhiHao Dong, XingJian Shi, XiaoMan Liu, Anoop Kumar Srivastava, XiaoJun Shi, YueQiang Zhang, ChengXiao Hu, FuSuo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113922","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a meticulous analysis to elucidate the physiological responses to calcium supplementation at the young fruit growth and fruit expansion stages, focusing on its impact on fruit pericarp development. Our study demonstrated that calcium application significantly reduced fruit cracking by 71.09 %, increased fruit load by 16.73 %, and enhanced yield by 17.39 %. Notably, calcium application during the young fruit growth stage had a more pronounced effect on yield improvement. TEM-EDS spectral analysis revealed that calcium application increased calcium distribution within pericarp intercellular spaces, facilitating cross-linking of demethylated pectin with calcium ions and altering pectin composition. This led to a predominance of stable ionic and covalently bound pectins during fruit pericarp thickening, reducing labile water-soluble pectins. This change significantly inhibited the degradation and softening processes of the fruit pericarp by enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and polygalacturonase, allowing the fruit pericarp to maintain a higher degree of firmness. The denser cellular arrangement and increased hardness effectively combated fruit cracking. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of calcium in pericarp development and provide a physiological basis for reducing fruit cracking.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113935
Xuedong Shi, Butian Wang, Shilang Dong, Mengnan Shi, Chun Xie, Yunfeng Lu, Sumera Anwar, Yu Ge
Avocado is renowned for its high content of fatty acids (FAs), which are essential for human nutrition. Understanding the specific functions of unknown transcription factors (TFs) in FA synthesis in avocado mesocarp is crucial for comprehending the regulation of FA accumulation. PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 may play a role in regulating FA synthesis and increasing accumulation. To understand their specific function in FA synthesis, PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 overexpressing and atrap2.4–2 knockout mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transcriptome, FA accumulation, and lipid droplet histological observations were then performed. Furthermore, functional characterization of these TFs was conducted to investigate their roles in FA accumulation. This study determined that PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 are in the nucleus. Transcriptomic, biochemical, and histological analyses of PaRAP2.4-2 overexpression in transgenic A. thaliana plants revealed 16 up-regulated genes related to FA synthesis, triacylglycerol assembly, and lipid droplet formation, as well as increased FA contents and lipid droplet area compared to the wild type, implying that PaRAP2.4-2 contributes to enhancing FA accumulation. Moreover, the overexpression of PaERF082-1 in transgenic A. thaliana plants led to up-regulation of the expression of only 7 genes linked to FA synthesis and TAG (triacylglycerol) assembly, exerting a negligible effect on FA accumulation. However, the FA contents and lipid droplet area in the atrap2.4–2 knockout mutant were not significantly changed compared with the wild type. These results highlight the distinct roles of PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 in modulating FA metabolism in avocado, providing a foundation for further studies on the relationship between AP2/ERF transcription factors and FA accumulation.
{"title":"Distinct roles of avocado transcription factors PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 in fatty acid synthesis regulation in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Xuedong Shi, Butian Wang, Shilang Dong, Mengnan Shi, Chun Xie, Yunfeng Lu, Sumera Anwar, Yu Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113935","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado is renowned for its high content of fatty acids (FAs), which are essential for human nutrition. Understanding the specific functions of unknown transcription factors (TFs) in FA synthesis in avocado mesocarp is crucial for comprehending the regulation of FA accumulation. <ce:italic>PaRAP2.4-2</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PaERF082-1</ce:italic> may play a role in regulating FA synthesis and increasing accumulation. To understand their specific function in FA synthesis, <ce:italic>PaRAP2.4-2</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PaERF082-1</ce:italic> overexpressing and <ce:italic>atrap2.4–2</ce:italic> knockout mutants of <ce:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</ce:italic> were generated using <ce:italic>Agrobacterium</ce:italic>-mediated transformation and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transcriptome, FA accumulation, and lipid droplet histological observations were then performed. Furthermore, functional characterization of these TFs was conducted to investigate their roles in FA accumulation. This study determined that <ce:italic>PaRAP2.4-2</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PaERF082-1</ce:italic> are in the nucleus. Transcriptomic, biochemical, and histological analyses of <ce:italic>PaRAP2.4-2</ce:italic> overexpression in transgenic <ce:italic>A. thaliana</ce:italic> plants revealed 16 up-regulated genes related to FA synthesis, triacylglycerol assembly, and lipid droplet formation, as well as increased FA contents and lipid droplet area compared to the wild type, implying that <ce:italic>PaRAP2.4-2</ce:italic> contributes to enhancing FA accumulation. Moreover, the overexpression of <ce:italic>PaERF082-1</ce:italic> in transgenic <ce:italic>A. thaliana</ce:italic> plants led to up-regulation of the expression of only 7 genes linked to FA synthesis and TAG (triacylglycerol) assembly, exerting a negligible effect on FA accumulation. However, the FA contents and lipid droplet area in the <ce:italic>atrap2.4–2</ce:italic> knockout mutant were not significantly changed compared with the wild type. These results highlight the distinct roles of <ce:italic>PaRAP2.4-2</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PaERF082-1</ce:italic> in modulating FA metabolism in avocado, providing a foundation for further studies on the relationship between AP2/ERF transcription factors and FA accumulation.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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