Pitaya, belonging to the genus Hylocereus of Cactaceae family, is increasingly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions due to its high tolerance to drought and heat stresses. The transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage significantly impacts the fruit yield, therefore it is essential to unravel the flowering regulatory mechanism of pitaya. In present work, a HpbHLH43 transcription factor was identified, which is related to stress tolerance and flowering induction. To further investigate the biological function of HpbHLH43, a 747 bp full length coding sequence (CDS) was obtained from pitaya. Under high-temperature stress (42 °C), the expression of HpbHLH43 were up-regulated in stem and floral buds of pitaya. Transient expression showed that HpbHLH43 was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activity at the N-terminal. Biologically, heat induced the HpbHLH43 promoter to activate GUS gene expression in leaves and flowers. Overexpression of HpbHLH43 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly accelerated flowering time and was more tolerant to high temperature than the wild-type. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that HpbHLH43 can interact with HpSOC1. Conclusively, high-temperature inducible HpbHLH43 directly targets HpSOC1, accordingly, promotes the floral bud induction in pitaya, which provides an insight into the molecular regulations of floral induction in pitaya.
番木瓜属于仙人掌科番木瓜属，因其对干旱和高温胁迫的耐受性强，在热带和亚热带地区的栽培越来越多。从无性期到生殖期的过渡对果实产量有很大影响，因此揭示番木瓜的开花调控机制至关重要。本研究发现了一个与胁迫耐受性和开花诱导有关的 HpbHLH43 转录因子。为了进一步研究 HpbHLH43 的生物学功能，研究人员从番木瓜中获得了一个 747 bp 的全长编码序列（CDS）。在高温胁迫（42 °C）下，HpbHLH43在番木瓜茎和花芽中的表达上调。瞬时表达表明，HpbHLH43 位于细胞核中，其 N 端具有转录活性。生物学上，热诱导 HpbHLH43 启动子激活叶片和花中的 GUS 基因表达。在拟南芥中过表达 HpbHLH43 能显著加快开花时间，并且比野生型更耐高温。酵母单杂交和双荧光素酶试验表明，HpbHLH43能与HpSOC1相互作用。最终，高温诱导的HpbHLH43直接靶向HpSOC1，从而促进了番木瓜花芽的诱导，为番木瓜花诱导的分子调控提供了深入的见解。
{"title":"Heat-induced HpbHLH43 involves in promoting floral bud induction via activating HpSOC1 in pitaya","authors":"Zhengxu Yang, Xiaowei Cai, Chunqiong Shang, Qiandong Hou, Ling Xiao, Xiaopeng Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113773","url":null,"abstract":"Pitaya, belonging to the genus <ce:italic>Hylocereus</ce:italic> of Cactaceae family, is increasingly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions due to its high tolerance to drought and heat stresses. The transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage significantly impacts the fruit yield, therefore it is essential to unravel the flowering regulatory mechanism of pitaya. In present work, a HpbHLH43 transcription factor was identified, which is related to stress tolerance and flowering induction. To further investigate the biological function of <ce:italic>HpbHLH43</ce:italic>, a 747 bp full length coding sequence (CDS) was obtained from pitaya. Under high-temperature stress (42 °C), the expression of <ce:italic>HpbHLH43</ce:italic> were up-regulated in stem and floral buds of pitaya. Transient expression showed that HpbHLH43 was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activity at the N-terminal. Biologically, heat induced the <ce:italic>HpbHLH43</ce:italic> promoter to activate <ce:italic>GUS</ce:italic> gene expression in leaves and flowers. Overexpression of <ce:italic>HpbHLH43</ce:italic> in <ce:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</ce:italic> significantly accelerated flowering time and was more tolerant to high temperature than the wild-type. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that HpbHLH43 can interact with <ce:italic>HpSOC1</ce:italic>. Conclusively, high-temperature inducible HpbHLH43 directly targets <ce:italic>HpSOC1</ce:italic>, accordingly, promotes the floral bud induction in pitaya, which provides an insight into the molecular regulations of floral induction in pitaya.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113766
G. Pellejero, R. Rodríguez, M. Tellería, L. Gallego, G. Aschkar, F.J. Garcia-Navarro, R Jiménez Ballesta
Globally speaking, optimizing the use of organic fertilizers plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture and is essential for enhancing crop productivity and improving soil health, while organic fertilizers are also easily available at a low cost. This study specifically aimed to determine the influence of organic fertilizer incorporation (high and medium levels) practices versus chemical fertilization with urea on the crop yields and quality of zapallo tetsukabuto. This included a control treatment without fertilization. Agronomic quality was evaluated by measuring the main performance parameters of the hybrid zapallo tetsukabuto (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata): REND yield (in kg) of the total fruit per plant per plot; NFRC, number of commercial fruit per plant per plot; NFRT, total number of fruit per plant per plot, grown following the production guidelines of the area. The research findings show that the yields with organic fertilizer with the highest dose of the compost incorporation treatments increased 30% compared to the unfertilized control, but with no significant differences to the urea-fertilized treatment (1%) for zapallo. That is, performance parameters were similar in the zapallo crop fertilized with compost and with urea. These trials demonstrate that compost is a sustainable alternative and an adequate source of nutrients for zapallo cultivation.
在全球范围内，优化使用有机肥料在可持续农业中发挥着重要作用，对提高作物产量和改善土壤健康至关重要，同时有机肥料也很容易获得且成本低廉。本研究的具体目标是确定有机肥（高、中施肥量）与尿素化肥施用方法对 zapallo tetsukabuto 的作物产量和质量的影响。其中包括不施肥的对照处理。农艺质量是通过测量杂交zapallo tetsukabuto（Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata）的主要性能参数来评价的：REND，每块地每株果实的总产量（公斤）；NFRC，每块地每株果实的商品果数量；NFRT，每块地每株果实的总数量。研究结果表明，与未施肥的对照组相比，施用最高剂量堆肥的有机肥处理的产量提高了 30%，但与施用尿素的处理（1%）相比，zapallo 的产量没有显著差异。也就是说，施用堆肥和尿素的zapallo作物表现参数相似。这些试验表明，堆肥是一种可持续的替代品，也是zapallo种植的充足养分来源。
{"title":"Organic fertilization enhances the crop yield and quality of zapallo tetsukabuto","authors":"G. Pellejero, R. Rodríguez, M. Tellería, L. Gallego, G. Aschkar, F.J. Garcia-Navarro, R Jiménez Ballesta","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113766","url":null,"abstract":"Globally speaking, optimizing the use of organic fertilizers plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture and is essential for enhancing crop productivity and improving soil health, while organic fertilizers are also easily available at a low cost. This study specifically aimed to determine the influence of organic fertilizer incorporation (high and medium levels) practices <ce:italic>versus</ce:italic> chemical fertilization with urea on the crop yields and quality of <ce:italic>zapallo tetsukabuto</ce:italic>. This included a control treatment without fertilization. Agronomic quality was evaluated by measuring the main performance parameters of the hybrid <ce:italic>zapallo tetsukabuto</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata</ce:italic>): REND yield (in kg) of the total fruit per plant per plot; NFRC, number of commercial fruit per plant per plot; NFRT, total number of fruit per plant per plot, grown following the production guidelines of the area. The research findings show that the yields with organic fertilizer with the highest dose of the compost incorporation treatments increased 30% compared to the unfertilized control, but with no significant differences to the urea-fertilized treatment (1%) for zapallo. That is, performance parameters were similar in the zapallo crop fertilized with compost and with urea. These trials demonstrate that compost is a sustainable alternative and an adequate source of nutrients for zapallo cultivation.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop management affects the anatomical and physiological characteristics of gladiolus floral stems. Particulary, shading screens are important in gladiolus production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the meteorological conditions, physiological indicators, stomatal characteristics, and quality of gladiolus flower stems grown in different seasons under shading screens and mulching. Field experiments were conducted during the four growing seasons: 1 (March-June 2019), 2 (August-November 2019), 3 (August-November 2020), and 4 (October-December 2021). Gladiolus cv. White goddess was grown in beds with and without mulch. Shading treatments included 35% black, silver, and red shading screens, and an unshaded control. Weather conditions during four growing seasons over two years were within the range of maximum and minimum temperatures suitable for the crop. The black and red shading screens resulted in higher stomatal density (374.9; 362.0 stomatal mm-2), which improved the photosynthetic rate of the leaf resulting in greater flower stem length (116.32 cm) and number of florets (19.00) in the red shading screen. The highest relative chlorophyll index (57.75) was recorded in season 2, which contributed to a greater accumulation of assimilates and resulted in longer stems and better-quality florets. Planting under a red shading screen and mulched soil produced longer stems (8.60 %; 9.05 %, respectively), and a greater number of florets in seasons 2 (8.43 %) and 4 (14.74 %), compared to growing unshaded control. The lowest percentage of damage to flower stems was found in the silver shading screen (3.6%) and mulched soil (6.7%). Long flower stems without damage to the sepals and petals, and with a large number of florets are of better quality, have greater ornamental value and are more attractive to flower consumers. Our results showed that planting in seasons 2 and 4, and using red shading screens and mulching soil, are sustainable and conservation soil-management practices to provide a favorable environment which allowed us to obtain high-quality gladiolus flowers. The results of this study are parameters for future research with different soil mulchings and shading screen colors.
{"title":"Effects of shading, mulching and growing season on physiological indicators, anatomical characterization and quality of gladiolus flower stems","authors":"Dalva Paulus, Dislaine Becker, Leosane Cristina Bosco, Celso Eduardo Pereira Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113777","url":null,"abstract":"Crop management affects the anatomical and physiological characteristics of gladiolus floral stems. Particulary, shading screens are important in gladiolus production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the meteorological conditions, physiological indicators, stomatal characteristics, and quality of gladiolus flower stems grown in different seasons under shading screens and mulching. Field experiments were conducted during the four growing seasons: 1 (March-June 2019), 2 (August-November 2019), 3 (August-November 2020), and 4 (October-December 2021). Gladiolus cv. White goddess was grown in beds with and without mulch. Shading treatments included 35% black, silver, and red shading screens, and an unshaded control. Weather conditions during four growing seasons over two years were within the range of maximum and minimum temperatures suitable for the crop. The black and red shading screens resulted in higher stomatal density (374.9; 362.0 stomatal mm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-2</ce:sup>), which improved the photosynthetic rate of the leaf resulting in greater flower stem length (116.32 cm) and number of florets (19.00) in the red shading screen. The highest relative chlorophyll index (57.75) was recorded in season 2, which contributed to a greater accumulation of assimilates and resulted in longer stems and better-quality florets. Planting under a red shading screen and mulched soil produced longer stems (8.60 %; 9.05 %, respectively), and a greater number of florets in seasons 2 (8.43 %) and 4 (14.74 %), compared to growing unshaded control. The lowest percentage of damage to flower stems was found in the silver shading screen (3.6%) and mulched soil (6.7%). Long flower stems without damage to the sepals and petals, and with a large number of florets are of better quality, have greater ornamental value and are more attractive to flower consumers. Our results showed that planting in seasons 2 and 4, and using red shading screens and mulching soil, are sustainable and conservation soil-management practices to provide a favorable environment which allowed us to obtain high-quality gladiolus flowers. The results of this study are parameters for future research with different soil mulchings and shading screen colors.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a prominent floricultural crop valued for its diverse colors, offering significant economic and ornamental value globally. However, the global demand for its flowers makes flower yield an important attribute that relies on the quantity of lateral branches in the crop. Melatonin as a multi-regulatory phytohormone play vital functions in governing plant growth and development. It is synthesized from tryptophan via four key enzymes. Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), and N-Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT). Although the significance of melatonin is recognized, its impact on the growth and development of carnation remains understudied. In the current study, we investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin at different concentrations, on growth pattern of carnation, followed by genome-wide characterization, in-silico analysis and expression profiling of melatonin biosynthetic pathway genes. Results showed increased branching and reduced height with increased melatonin concentrations up to a point. In-silico analysis identified ten genes in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, including two TDC, two T5H, one SNAT, and five ASMT members. Domain analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic domains such as pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase, cytochrome P450, Acetyltransferase_1, and O-methyltransferase. Physiochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter regions, gene ontology, synteny, and evolutionary relationships through phylogeny were also analysed. Sub-cellular localization predictions showed distribution of melatonin biosynthetic enzymes across various cellular compartments. Expression analysis of these genes under different exogenous melatonin concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µM) revealed significant upregulation at 100 µM and 500 µM, while no change was observed at 1000 µM. These findings suggest that optimal exogenous melatonin concentrations enhance the expression of biosynthetic pathway genes ultimately led to increased branching in carnation due to increased endogenous melatonin levels. This study establishes a basis for future functional characterization of melatonin biosynthetic pathway genes to elucidate their roles in carnation growth and development.
{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of melatonin biosynthetic pathway genes in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) and their expression analysis in response to exogenous melatonin","authors":"Priti, Payal Kapoor, Surbhi Mali, Vipasha Verma, Megha Katoch, Gaurav Zinta, Bhavya Bhargava","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113776","url":null,"abstract":"Carnation (<ce:italic>Dianthus caryophyllus</ce:italic> L.) is a prominent floricultural crop valued for its diverse colors, offering significant economic and ornamental value globally. However, the global demand for its flowers makes flower yield an important attribute that relies on the quantity of lateral branches in the crop. Melatonin as a multi-regulatory phytohormone play vital functions in governing plant growth and development. It is synthesized from tryptophan via four key enzymes. Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), Serotonin <ce:italic>N</ce:italic>-acetyltransferase (SNAT), and <ce:italic>N</ce:italic>-Acetylserotonin <ce:italic>O-</ce:italic>methyltransferase (ASMT). Although the significance of melatonin is recognized, its impact on the growth and development of carnation remains understudied. In the current study, we investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin at different concentrations, on growth pattern of carnation, followed by genome-wide characterization, <ce:italic>in-silico</ce:italic> analysis and expression profiling of melatonin biosynthetic pathway genes. Results showed increased branching and reduced height with increased melatonin concentrations up to a point. <ce:italic>In-silico</ce:italic> analysis identified ten genes in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, including two <ce:italic>TDC</ce:italic>, two <ce:italic>T5H,</ce:italic> one <ce:italic>SNAT</ce:italic>, and five <ce:italic>ASMT</ce:italic> members. Domain analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic domains such as pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase, cytochrome P450, Acetyltransferase_1, and O-methyltransferase. Physiochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter regions, gene ontology, synteny, and evolutionary relationships through phylogeny were also analysed. Sub-cellular localization predictions showed distribution of melatonin biosynthetic enzymes across various cellular compartments. Expression analysis of these genes under different exogenous melatonin concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µM) revealed significant upregulation at 100 µM and 500 µM, while no change was observed at 1000 µM. These findings suggest that optimal exogenous melatonin concentrations enhance the expression of biosynthetic pathway genes ultimately led to increased branching in carnation due to increased endogenous melatonin levels. This study establishes a basis for future functional characterization of melatonin biosynthetic pathway genes to elucidate their roles in carnation growth and development.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pomegranate is sensitive to low temperature and is susceptible to chilling injury (CI), resulting in husk browning. The effects of Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hot water treatment (HWT), and control treatments on the quality of pomegranate fruit during low temperature storage were investigated. The results showed that MeJA and HWT treatments could effectively inhibit the increase of browning index, color difference, relative conductivity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, maintain phenolic substances and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The browning index of MeJA treatment was 55.42 % lower than control treatment on the 70th day, the relative conductivity and MDA content were 24.32 % and 51.67 % lower than control treatment, respectively. Furthermore, MeJA treatment delayed the increase of PgPPO and PgPOD gene expression levels, upregulated the expression levels of PgPAL gene. Overall, MeJA treatment could improve antioxidant capacities, alleviate CI by regulating phenolic metabolism and gene expression levels.
{"title":"Methyl jasmonate alleviates the husk browning and regulates expression of genes related to phenolic metabolism of pomegranate fruit","authors":"Sai Jing, Yuwen Shi, Bihe Zhu, Yongjia Yang, Shuwei Nian, Kehan Wang, Xiaocheng Guo, Qinggang Zhu, Liping Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113783","url":null,"abstract":"Pomegranate is sensitive to low temperature and is susceptible to chilling injury (CI), resulting in husk browning. The effects of Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hot water treatment (HWT), and control treatments on the quality of pomegranate fruit during low temperature storage were investigated. The results showed that MeJA and HWT treatments could effectively inhibit the increase of browning index, color difference, relative conductivity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, maintain phenolic substances and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The browning index of MeJA treatment was 55.42 % lower than control treatment on the 70th day, the relative conductivity and MDA content were 24.32 % and 51.67 % lower than control treatment, respectively. Furthermore, MeJA treatment delayed the increase of <ce:italic>PgPPO</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PgPOD</ce:italic> gene expression levels, upregulated the expression levels of <ce:italic>PgPAL</ce:italic> gene. Overall, MeJA treatment could improve antioxidant capacities, alleviate CI by regulating phenolic metabolism and gene expression levels.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113782
Miriam González-Lázaro, Itziar Sáenz de Urturi, Sandra Marín-San Román, Rebeca Murillo-Peña, Eva P. Pérez-Álvarez, Teresa Garde-Cerdán
Anthocyanins, the main phenolic compounds responsible for the color of red grapes and wines, exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and offer various health benefits for humans. Currently, climate change can affect grape quality by causing a decoupling between the technological and phenolic maturities of the grapes. Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and urea (Ur) can be a tool to mitigate the global warming effects in the vineyard. The aim of this work was to study i) the development of anthocyanin content in ‘Tempranillo’ grapes along the ripening process, and ii) the effect of foliar application of MeJ and MeJ+Ur on these phenolic compounds over two vintages (2019 and 2020). Overall, in the first vintage, anthocyanins peaked in their concentrations in the pre-harvest or harvest moments; whereas in the second vintage, the highest contents of these phenolic compounds were reached at harvest time, after that, a maintenance or decreased of their concentrations was observed. In both vintages, non-acylated anthocyanins was the most abundant family of anthocyanins. Foliar application of MeJ+Ur was more effective in enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis than MeJ treatment, which also increased anthocyanin content compared to control grapes. Therefore, MeJ and Ur foliar treatment could present a synergy in anthocyanin biosynthesis by the plant. Moreover, the impact of these applications varied across vintages, and also the content of anthocyanins in grapes, probably due to different climatological conditions. Consequently, the two foliar treatments, MeJ and MeJ+Ur, could be a suitable tool to increase anthocyanins biosynthesis in grapes, and thus improve grape quality.
{"title":"Effects of foliar applications of methyl jasmonate alone or with urea on anthocyanins content during grape ripening","authors":"Miriam González-Lázaro, Itziar Sáenz de Urturi, Sandra Marín-San Román, Rebeca Murillo-Peña, Eva P. Pérez-Álvarez, Teresa Garde-Cerdán","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113782","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins, the main phenolic compounds responsible for the color of red grapes and wines, exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and offer various health benefits for humans. Currently, climate change can affect grape quality by causing a decoupling between the technological and phenolic maturities of the grapes. Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and urea (Ur) can be a tool to mitigate the global warming effects in the vineyard. The aim of this work was to study i) the development of anthocyanin content in ‘Tempranillo’ grapes along the ripening process, and ii) the effect of foliar application of MeJ and MeJ+Ur on these phenolic compounds over two vintages (2019 and 2020). Overall, in the first vintage, anthocyanins peaked in their concentrations in the pre-harvest or harvest moments; whereas in the second vintage, the highest contents of these phenolic compounds were reached at harvest time, after that, a maintenance or decreased of their concentrations was observed. In both vintages, non-acylated anthocyanins was the most abundant family of anthocyanins. Foliar application of MeJ+Ur was more effective in enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis than MeJ treatment, which also increased anthocyanin content compared to control grapes. Therefore, MeJ and Ur foliar treatment could present a synergy in anthocyanin biosynthesis by the plant. Moreover, the impact of these applications varied across vintages, and also the content of anthocyanins in grapes, probably due to different climatological conditions. Consequently, the two foliar treatments, MeJ and MeJ+Ur, could be a suitable tool to increase anthocyanins biosynthesis in grapes, and thus improve grape quality.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113778
Ziao Hu, Yi Qian, Jun Tao, Daqiu Zhao
The herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is renowned for its striking flowers, which are highly valued in the cut flower industry. However, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the elevated summer temperatures negatively affect the plant's flowering capacity in the subsequent year. 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG) is a component of the type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) system, where it plays a role in facilitating the production of saturated fatty acids. However, its role in conferring resistance to high-temperature stress remains unclear. In order to investigate the function of PlFabG in dealing with high-temperature stress, we isolated PlFabG from P. lactiflora. The gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 780 bp, which encodes 259 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of PlFabG increased with prolonged exposure to high temperature. Additionally, plants overexpressing PlFabG maintained a relatively healthy phenotype under high-temperature stress, whereas plants with silencing PlFabG exhibited more severe leaf scorching and wilting under the same conditions. Various physiological indices indicated that PlFabG reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and enhanced the saturation of photosystem II. Most importantly, PlFabG helped P. lactiflora withstand high-temperature stress by increasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity. These findings elucidate the beneficial role of PlFabG in enhancing plant tolerance to high temperature and provide a strong theoretical support for the development of high-temperature tolerance in transgenic P. lactiflora.
{"title":"PlFabG improves high-temperature resistance in herbaceous peony by increasing saturated fatty acids","authors":"Ziao Hu, Yi Qian, Jun Tao, Daqiu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113778","url":null,"abstract":"The herbaceous peony (<ce:italic>Paeonia lactiflora</ce:italic> Pall<ce:italic>.</ce:italic>) is renowned for its striking flowers, which are highly valued in the cut flower industry. However, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the elevated summer temperatures negatively affect the plant's flowering capacity in the subsequent year. 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG) is a component of the type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) system, where it plays a role in facilitating the production of saturated fatty acids. However, its role in conferring resistance to high-temperature stress remains unclear. In order to investigate the function of <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> in dealing with high-temperature stress, we isolated <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> from <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic>. The gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 780 bp, which encodes 259 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> increased with prolonged exposure to high temperature. Additionally, plants overexpressing <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> maintained a relatively healthy phenotype under high-temperature stress, whereas plants with silencing <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> exhibited more severe leaf scorching and wilting under the same conditions. Various physiological indices indicated that <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and enhanced the saturation of photosystem II. Most importantly, <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> helped <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic> withstand high-temperature stress by increasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity. These findings elucidate the beneficial role of <ce:italic>PlFabG</ce:italic> in enhancing plant tolerance to high temperature and provide a strong theoretical support for the development of high-temperature tolerance in transgenic <ce:italic>P. lactiflora.</ce:italic>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113771
Jashanpreet Kaur, Zora Singh, Muhammad Sohail Mazhar, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah, Andrew Woodward
Jackfruit exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity due to cross-pollination and heterozygosity; nevertheless, little is known about the characterisation of fruit quality in jackfruit genotypes grown in tropical Australia. In this study, patterns of morphological and biochemical variation in the fruit of 12 jackfruit genotypes were investigated. Maximum fruit weight and pulp weight were recorded in ‘Accession 304 (yellow-fleshed)’, which can be more suitable for domestic markets. ‘Accession 348 (orange-fleshed)’ exhibited the highest fruit edible portion, showing its potential for both table and processing purposes. There was evidence of wide variability among jackfruit genotypes in total dry matter content ranging from 20.48% in ‘Seedling 1 (yellow-fleshed)’ to 29.66% in ‘Rajang (orange-fleshed)’. The highest ratio of soluble solids content: titratable acidity was recorded in the fruit of ‘Seedling 2 (orange-fleshed)’ which can be a viable option for processing purposes. Orange-fleshed genotypes having higher a*, ascorbic acid and carotenoid content can be favourable for fresh consumption due to bright-coloured bulbs. ‘Accession 306 (yellow-fleshed)’ exhibited the highest total phenolics content, while ‘Rajang (orange-fleshed)’ showed the highest total flavonoids content. Overall, these findings highlight the unique characteristics of each jackfruit genotype and this information would be useful when selecting the genotypes for marketing and processing purposes.
{"title":"Variability in fruit quality traits of tropical Australian jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) genotypes","authors":"Jashanpreet Kaur, Zora Singh, Muhammad Sohail Mazhar, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah, Andrew Woodward","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113771","url":null,"abstract":"Jackfruit exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity due to cross-pollination and heterozygosity; nevertheless, little is known about the characterisation of fruit quality in jackfruit genotypes grown in tropical Australia. In this study, patterns of morphological and biochemical variation in the fruit of 12 jackfruit genotypes were investigated. Maximum fruit weight and pulp weight were recorded in ‘Accession 304 (yellow-fleshed)’, which can be more suitable for domestic markets. ‘Accession 348 (orange-fleshed)’ exhibited the highest fruit edible portion, showing its potential for both table and processing purposes. There was evidence of wide variability among jackfruit genotypes in total dry matter content ranging from 20.48% in ‘Seedling 1 (yellow-fleshed)’ to 29.66% in ‘Rajang (orange-fleshed)’. The highest ratio of soluble solids content: titratable acidity was recorded in the fruit of ‘Seedling 2 (orange-fleshed)’ which can be a viable option for processing purposes. Orange-fleshed genotypes having higher <ce:italic>a*</ce:italic>, ascorbic acid and carotenoid content can be favourable for fresh consumption due to bright-coloured bulbs. ‘Accession 306 (yellow-fleshed)’ exhibited the highest total phenolics content, while ‘Rajang (orange-fleshed)’ showed the highest total flavonoids content. Overall, these findings highlight the unique characteristics of each jackfruit genotype and this information would be useful when selecting the genotypes for marketing and processing purposes.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113768
Hafsa Nazir Cheema, Haiyan Ma, Ke-Xiu Wang, Mingxia Tang, Kaiqin Zhang, Ambreen Jahandad, Tahseen Saba, Xiaoting Fang, Muhammad Amir Shahzad, Muhammad Ansar, Wei He, Shunlin Zheng
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) in crops, such as potatoes, can lead to economic and environmental repercussions. We hypothesized that potato genotypes with resilient root systems and high genetic capabilities for nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) could effectively mitigate these challenges. Consequently, we investigated intraspecific variations and characteristics within six distinct potato genotypes exhibiting diverse NUEs in response to varying nitrogen levels in an aeroponic system. The morpho-physiological and biochemical properties showed significant genotypic variations, especially related to the N-assimilating enzyme levels and root characteristics. Notably, the root systems of all genotypes demonstrated greater responsiveness to low nitrogen levels, with genotype C17 showcasing the most substantial root system irrespective of nitrogen concentration. Root morphological traits displayed robust positive correlations with NUtE, primarily influenced by genotype rather than nitrogen concentration. Conversely, nitrogen levels, displaying positive correlations with NUpE, influenced growth and activities of N-assimilating enzymes. Based on their distinct root systems, metabolic activities, and NUE profiles, genotypes C17 and C11 were determined to be N-efficient and N-inefficient, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying nitrogen use efficiency in potato genotypes under aeroponic conditions, offering potential targets for breeding programs, optimizing fertilizer management and cultivation strategies to improve crop performance under nitrogen-deficient conditions. Future investigations, employing multi-omics approaches, will elucidate key genes and pathways in nitrogen metabolism, potentially offering avenues to enhance root architecture and improve NUE.
{"title":"Deciphering nitrogen dynamics in aeroponics: physio-biochemical and enzymatic responses influencing nitrogen use efficiency in contrasting potato genotypes","authors":"Hafsa Nazir Cheema, Haiyan Ma, Ke-Xiu Wang, Mingxia Tang, Kaiqin Zhang, Ambreen Jahandad, Tahseen Saba, Xiaoting Fang, Muhammad Amir Shahzad, Muhammad Ansar, Wei He, Shunlin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113768","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive use of nitrogen (N) in crops, such as potatoes, can lead to economic and environmental repercussions. We hypothesized that potato genotypes with resilient root systems and high genetic capabilities for nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) could effectively mitigate these challenges. Consequently, we investigated intraspecific variations and characteristics within six distinct potato genotypes exhibiting diverse NUEs in response to varying nitrogen levels in an aeroponic system. The morpho-physiological and biochemical properties showed significant genotypic variations, especially related to the N-assimilating enzyme levels and root characteristics. Notably, the root systems of all genotypes demonstrated greater responsiveness to low nitrogen levels, with genotype C17 showcasing the most substantial root system irrespective of nitrogen concentration. Root morphological traits displayed robust positive correlations with NUtE, primarily influenced by genotype rather than nitrogen concentration. Conversely, nitrogen levels, displaying positive correlations with NUpE, influenced growth and activities of N-assimilating enzymes. Based on their distinct root systems, metabolic activities, and NUE profiles, genotypes C17 and C11 were determined to be N-efficient and N-inefficient, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying nitrogen use efficiency in potato genotypes under aeroponic conditions, offering potential targets for breeding programs, optimizing fertilizer management and cultivation strategies to improve crop performance under nitrogen-deficient conditions. Future investigations, employing multi-omics approaches, will elucidate key genes and pathways in nitrogen metabolism, potentially offering avenues to enhance root architecture and improve NUE.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113763
Xue-Jie Zhang, Huan Lin, John C. Snyder, Hui-Ru Dong
Carotenoids in pumpkin are nutritionally important as antioxidants, while the relationship between species, maturity and carotenoids and also the accumulation of carotenoids during fruit growth have not been extensively analyzed. We investigated β-carotene and lycopene contents of nineteen pumpkin varieties by HPLC. The adopted HPLC method was dependable and provided good separation of β-carotene and lycopene. The formation of β-carotene during pumpkin growth did not present a special formation phase except for one variety, while the accumulation rate of β-carotene differed among varieties, ranging from 1.5 to 32.0 µg/100 g per day. Low concentrations of lycopene were detected in six pumpkin varieties having high content of β-carotene. Maturity and species all had significant effect on β-carotene content (P < 0.05). The β-carotene content in C. maxima was about 3.3 times that in C. moschata (P < 0.05) and 2.0 times higher in early maturity varieties compared to middle-late varieties (P < 0.05). The varieties were separated into three groups of similarity by β-carotene content and average single fruit weight after applying hierarchical cluster analysis, and some early maturity C. maxima varieties especially containing β-carotene over 950 µg/100 g fresh wt., could be good sources of pro-vitamin A.
南瓜中的类胡萝卜素作为抗氧化剂具有重要的营养价值，而品种、成熟度和类胡萝卜素之间的关系以及类胡萝卜素在果实生长过程中的积累尚未得到广泛分析。我们采用高效液相色谱法研究了 19 个南瓜品种的 β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素含量。所采用的高效液相色谱法可靠，能很好地分离β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素。除一个品种外，β-胡萝卜素在南瓜生长过程中的形成并不存在特殊的形成阶段，而β-胡萝卜素的积累速度则因品种而异，从每天 1.5 微克/100 克到 32.0 微克/100 克不等。在六个β-胡萝卜素含量较高的南瓜品种中，检测到的番茄红素浓度较低。成熟度和品种对 β-胡萝卜素含量都有显著影响（P < 0.05）。C. maxima 的 β-胡萝卜素含量约为 C. moschata 的 3.3 倍（P < 0.05），早熟品种是中晚熟品种的 2.0 倍（P < 0.05）。通过分层聚类分析，按β-胡萝卜素含量和平均单果重将品种分为三个相似组，其中一些早熟品种，尤其是β-胡萝卜素含量超过 950 µg/100 g 鲜重的品种，可能是维生素 A 的良好来源。
{"title":"Species, variety and maturity affect β-carotene and lycopene in pumpkin fruit","authors":"Xue-Jie Zhang, Huan Lin, John C. Snyder, Hui-Ru Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113763","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids in pumpkin are nutritionally important as antioxidants, while the relationship between species, maturity and carotenoids and also the accumulation of carotenoids during fruit growth have not been extensively analyzed. We investigated β-carotene and lycopene contents of nineteen pumpkin varieties by HPLC. The adopted HPLC method was dependable and provided good separation of β-carotene and lycopene. The formation of β-carotene during pumpkin growth did not present a special formation phase except for one variety, while the accumulation rate of β-carotene differed among varieties, ranging from 1.5 to 32.0 µg/100 g per day. Low concentrations of lycopene were detected in six pumpkin varieties having high content of β-carotene. Maturity and species all had significant effect on β-carotene content (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05). The β-carotene content in <ce:italic>C. maxima</ce:italic> was about 3.3 times that in <ce:italic>C. moschata</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05) and 2.0 times higher in early maturity varieties compared to middle-late varieties (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05). The varieties were separated into three groups of similarity by β-carotene content and average single fruit weight after applying hierarchical cluster analysis, and some early maturity <ce:italic>C. maxima</ce:italic> varieties especially containing β-carotene over 950 µg/100 g fresh wt., could be good sources of pro-vitamin A.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"247 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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