Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113676
Recently, Bacillus species have attracted significant attention for the biological control of many fungal diseases and the ability of Bacillus biofilm formation makes a vital impact on plant disease control. In the present study, we found that Bacillus tequilensis wild-type strain WDZY 6715 which formed a robust biofilm, could significantly hinder the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum fructicola in vitro and in vivo with an inhibition rate of 65.70 % and a disease index of 30.55 on the 10th day. In comparison to the mutant strain, the wild-type strain WDZY 6715 had a stronger ability to secrete extracellular hydrolases including chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and the formation of biofilms enhanced its colonization ability on the host. Furthermore, we also analyzed the anatomical characteristics of camellia oleifera leaves treated with wild-type and mutant strains, while the wild-type strain significantly increased leaf thickness, upper epidermis, spongy tissue, palisade tissue and leaf structural compactness (CTR), thus strengthening the physical barrier of C. oleifera. Meanwhile, the wild-type strain WDZY 6715 obviously elevated the activity of defense-related enzymes, which included PAL, C4H, 4CL, CAD, LA, PPO and POD, and stimulated the synthesis of total phenols and lignin. Taken altogether, these results suggest that biofilm formation is crucial to Bacillus tequilensis DZY 6715 against anthracnose pathogen in C. oleifera.
{"title":"Biofilm-forming of Bacillus tequilensis DZY 6715 enhanced suppression the Camellia oleifera anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola and its mechanism","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, <em>Bacillus</em> species have attracted significant attention for the biological control of many fungal diseases and the ability of <em>Bacillus</em> biofilm formation makes a vital impact on plant disease control. In the present study, we found that <em>Bacillus tequilensis</em> wild-type strain WDZY 6715 which formed a robust biofilm, could significantly hinder the mycelial growth of <em>Colletotrichum fructicola</em> in <em>vitro</em> and in <em>vivo</em> with an inhibition rate of 65.70 % and a disease index of 30.55 on the 10th day. In comparison to the mutant strain, the wild-type strain WDZY 6715 had a stronger ability to secrete extracellular hydrolases including chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and the formation of biofilms enhanced its colonization ability on the host. Furthermore, we also analyzed the anatomical characteristics of <em>camellia oleifera</em> leaves treated with wild-type and mutant strains, while the wild-type strain significantly increased leaf thickness, upper epidermis, spongy tissue, palisade tissue and leaf structural compactness (CTR), thus strengthening the physical barrier of <em>C. oleifera</em>. Meanwhile, the wild-type strain WDZY 6715 obviously elevated the activity of defense-related enzymes, which included PAL, C4H, 4CL, CAD, LA, PPO and POD, and stimulated the synthesis of total phenols and lignin. Taken altogether, these results suggest that biofilm formation is crucial to <em>Bacillus tequilensis</em> DZY 6715 against anthracnose pathogen in <em>C. oleifera</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113685
Helleborus thibetanus is a perennial herbaceous plant with high potential for medicinal and landscaping purposes. However, the dormancy characteristics of seeds and the conditions that help this species break dormancy have not been investigated. This study investigated embryo growth and the emergence of radicles and epicotyls in seeds over a range of GA3 pretreatment and temperature sequences. Upon reaching maturity, the seeds had underdeveloped embryos that developed fully at 15 °C warm stratification within 6 weeks. Immediately after embryo growth, radicles emerged during warm stratification. However, the epicotyls failed to emerge soon after the radicle emergence. Epicotyl emergence was observed in over > 13 % of seeds with an emerged radicle following 4 weeks of cold stratification at 4 °C. The effects of GA3 on radicle and epicotyl emergence were used to determine the specific types of seed dormancy. GA3 pretreatment partially substituted 15 °C warm stratification to promote radicle emergence and effectively served as a substitute for the 4 °C cold stratification to break the epicotyl dormancy. The overall temperature and GA3 requirements for breaking dormancy and seed germination indicate non-deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy in H. thibetanus.
{"title":"Non-deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Helleborus thibetanus (Ranunculaceae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Helleborus thibetanus</em> is a perennial herbaceous plant with high potential for medicinal and landscaping purposes. However, the dormancy characteristics of seeds and the conditions that help this species break dormancy have not been investigated. This study investigated embryo growth and the emergence of radicles and epicotyls in seeds over a range of GA<sub>3</sub> pretreatment and temperature sequences. Upon reaching maturity, the seeds had underdeveloped embryos that developed fully at 15 °C warm stratification within 6 weeks. Immediately after embryo growth, radicles emerged during warm stratification. However, the epicotyls failed to emerge soon after the radicle emergence. Epicotyl emergence was observed in over > 13 % of seeds with an emerged radicle following 4 weeks of cold stratification at 4 °C. The effects of GA<sub>3</sub> on radicle and epicotyl emergence were used to determine the specific types of seed dormancy. GA<sub>3</sub> pretreatment partially substituted 15 °C warm stratification to promote radicle emergence and effectively served as a substitute for the 4 °C cold stratification to break the epicotyl dormancy. The overall temperature and GA<sub>3</sub> requirements for breaking dormancy and seed germination indicate non-deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy in <em>H. thibetanus.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113678
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, affects strawberry crops (Fragaria x ananassa) and can cause major losses. Managing the disease with fungicides can harm health and the environment and can lead to the selection of pathogens resistant to their active ingredients. The use of essential oils (EOs) represents an alternative control method due to their richness in antimicrobial compounds, such as rosemary EO (Rosmarinus officinalis). However, the high volatility of several components of these oils makes commercial use difficult, and nanoencapsulation presents a technology to increase stability. In the present study, three formulations containing rosemary EO—nanoemulsion (NE), nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), and nanocapsules with chitosan (NC)—were evaluated on strawberry fruits and against the fungus. The nanoformulations retained their characteristics (mean values: size 142 nm; polydispersity index 0.131; pH 4.99; zeta potential -20.2 mV for NE and NLC, and 19.1 mV for NC) when stored at 40 °C for 60 days. All nanoformulations had a direct effect on spore germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea, possibly due to damage caused to the cell wall and plasma membrane, and changes in the pathogen's oxidative balance. NE containing 2 % EO, when applied by immersion, reduced the incidence and severity of the disease by around 40 % and 70 %, respectively, 6 days after treatment. The fruits treated with this formulation maintained their physicochemical characteristics for longer. Thus, the use of rosemary oil from NE can be an option for managing gray mold and increasing the shelf life of the fruits.
由灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）引起的灰霉病会影响草莓作物（Fragaria x ananassa），并可能造成重大损失。使用杀真菌剂防治这种疾病会损害健康和环境，并可能导致病原体对杀真菌剂的活性成分产生抗药性。精油（EOs）富含抗菌化合物，是一种替代的防治方法，如迷迭香精油（Rosmarinus officinalis）。然而，这些精油中的一些成分挥发性很强，因此很难用于商业用途，而纳米封装技术则是提高稳定性的一种技术。在本研究中，对三种含有迷迭香环氧乙烷的制剂--纳米乳液（NE）、纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）和壳聚糖纳米胶囊（NC）--在草莓果实上的使用情况和对真菌的抗性进行了评估。这些纳米制剂在 40 °C 下储存 60 天后仍能保持其特性（平均值：尺寸 142 nm；多分散指数 0.131；pH 值 4.99；NE 和 NLC 的 zeta 电位为 -20.2 mV，NC 为 19.1 mV）。所有纳米制剂都会直接影响 B. cinerea 的孢子萌发和菌丝生长，这可能是由于细胞壁和质膜受到破坏，病原体的氧化平衡发生了变化。含有 2% 环氧乙烷的 NE 采用浸泡法施用，在处理 6 天后，病害的发生率和严重程度分别降低了约 40% 和 70%。用这种制剂处理过的果实能更长时间地保持其理化特性。因此，使用东北地区的迷迭香油可以有效控制灰霉病，延长水果的货架期。
{"title":"Nanoformulations containing rosemary oil for gray mold control in strawberries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gray mold, caused by <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, affects strawberry crops (<em>Fragaria</em> x <em>ananassa</em>) and can cause major losses. Managing the disease with fungicides can harm health and the environment and can lead to the selection of pathogens resistant to their active ingredients. The use of essential oils (EOs) represents an alternative control method due to their richness in antimicrobial compounds, such as rosemary EO (<em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em>). However, the high volatility of several components of these oils makes commercial use difficult, and nanoencapsulation presents a technology to increase stability. In the present study, three formulations containing rosemary EO—nanoemulsion (NE), nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), and nanocapsules with chitosan (NC)—were evaluated on strawberry fruits and against the fungus. The nanoformulations retained their characteristics (mean values: size 142 nm; polydispersity index 0.131; pH 4.99; zeta potential -20.2 mV for NE and NLC, and 19.1 mV for NC) when stored at 40 °C for 60 days. All nanoformulations had a direct effect on spore germination and mycelial growth of <em>B. cinerea</em>, possibly due to damage caused to the cell wall and plasma membrane, and changes in the pathogen's oxidative balance. NE containing 2 % EO, when applied by immersion, reduced the incidence and severity of the disease by around 40 % and 70 %, respectively, 6 days after treatment. The fruits treated with this formulation maintained their physicochemical characteristics for longer. Thus, the use of rosemary oil from NE can be an option for managing gray mold and increasing the shelf life of the fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113679
Valencia orange is the major citrus fruit produced worldwide and its outstanding health benefits are well-established. However, there is a pressing need to further enhance the nutritional quality of fruits and to revalorize the resulting residues, providing benefits for both public health and the environment. Here, Valencia oranges were exposed to blue LED light for 30 days at room temperature in controlled environment chambers, using darkness as a control. Examination of the blue LED light effects was performed focusing on visual aspects, weight loss, organoleptic properties, antioxidant content and oxidation status, together with the analysis of the phytohormonal profile. Blue LED light was found to boost fruit weight loss, particularly through dehydration of the peel, without altering pulp firmness or external appearance. Organoleptic quality, including texture and flavor, as well as total soluble sugar and acidity remained unchanged. Notably, blue LED light increased antioxidant levels, more specifically vitamin C and total phenols in the juice, and enhanced total antioxidant capacity in the peel. This suggests that blue LED light can enhance nutritional quality while preserving organoleptic properties. The increase in antioxidants is likely a protective response against photooxidative stress induced by the blue LED light. These findings highlight the potential of blue LED light to improve postharvest fruit quality with direct health benefits and support a circular economy by enhancing the value of orange peel waste.
瓦伦西亚橙是世界上生产的主要柑橘类水果，其卓越的健康功效已得到公认。然而，人们迫切需要进一步提高水果的营养质量，并重新评估由此产生的残留物，从而为公众健康和环境带来益处。在这里，巴伦西亚橘子在室温下于受控环境箱中暴露于蓝色 LED 光 30 天，并以黑暗作为对照。对蓝光 LED 的影响进行了研究，重点是视觉方面、重量损失、感官特性、抗氧化剂含量和氧化状态，以及植物激素谱分析。研究发现，蓝色 LED 光可促进果实减重，尤其是通过果皮脱水，而不会改变果肉的硬度或外观。感官质量（包括质地和风味）以及总可溶性糖和酸度保持不变。值得注意的是，蓝色 LED 光提高了抗氧化剂水平，特别是果汁中的维生素 C 和总酚，并增强了果皮中的总抗氧化能力。这表明，蓝色 LED 光可以在保持感官特性的同时提高营养质量。抗氧化剂的增加很可能是对蓝色 LED 光诱导的光氧化应激的一种保护性反应。这些研究结果突显了蓝色 LED 光改善采后水果质量的潜力，可直接有益于健康，并通过提高橘皮废弃物的价值来支持循环经济。
{"title":"Blue LED light improves the antioxidant composition of Valencia oranges during postharvest: Impact on orange juice, pulp portion and peel residue","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valencia orange is the major citrus fruit produced worldwide and its outstanding health benefits are well-established. However, there is a pressing need to further enhance the nutritional quality of fruits and to revalorize the resulting residues, providing benefits for both public health and the environment. Here, Valencia oranges were exposed to blue LED light for 30 days at room temperature in controlled environment chambers, using darkness as a control. Examination of the blue LED light effects was performed focusing on visual aspects, weight loss, organoleptic properties, antioxidant content and oxidation status, together with the analysis of the phytohormonal profile. Blue LED light was found to boost fruit weight loss, particularly through dehydration of the peel, without altering pulp firmness or external appearance. Organoleptic quality, including texture and flavor, as well as total soluble sugar and acidity remained unchanged. Notably, blue LED light increased antioxidant levels, more specifically vitamin C and total phenols in the juice, and enhanced total antioxidant capacity in the peel. This suggests that blue LED light can enhance nutritional quality while preserving organoleptic properties. The increase in antioxidants is likely a protective response against photooxidative stress induced by the blue LED light. These findings highlight the potential of blue LED light to improve postharvest fruit quality with direct health benefits and support a circular economy by enhancing the value of orange peel waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113675
The time of flower opening and closure within a day is not only an important factor for speciation but also strongly influences pollination success, cultivation and attractiveness value. Although the physiological mechanisms behind specific flower opening times of different species within a day are well studied, the genetic mechanism of their flowering processes remains poorly understood due to a lack of suitable materials. Additionally, most studies have focused on traits at specific developmental stages, often overlooking the possibility that different genes may control these traits at various stages. Iris domestica, which blooms in the morning, and I. dichotoma which blooms in the afternoon, are ideal materials for studying the time of flower opening and closing. In this study, we established four generations derived from I. dichotoma and I. domestica, and investigated 9 stages of the opening and closing processes four times, analyzed their variation in flower opening and closing times and explored their genetic mechanism using the major gene plus polygene inheritance analysis model. The analysis revealed significant genetic variation in the opening and closing times. The F1 generation exhibited intermediate traits between the two parents. The F2 population displayed high variability, indicating transgressive segregation, with opening times ranging from 7:20:04 to 18:51:42 and closing times from 17:50:47 to 00:24:29. Although the genetic models for the same stage varied across dates, most stages of the opening and closing times were best described by a mixed model involving two major genes and polygenes (E-1 to E-5). In most stages, both major genes and polygenes exhibited additive effects. However, genetic effects varied across stages and dates. The phenotypic variation across the four surveys showed similar trends. Major genes heritabilities ranged from 61.07 % to 98.47 %, while polygenes heritabilities ranged from 0.41 %-38.15 %. These results suggest that flowering time might be influenced by the environment, with diverse genes that were involved in the regulation of flowering processes, and that the regulated genes changed during flowering. These findings lay the foundation for future studies on the genetic mechanism of the flowering time.
{"title":"Genetic analysis of flower opening and closing times in hybrids of Iris dichotoma and I. domestica via mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The time of flower opening and closure within a day is not only an important factor for speciation but also strongly influences pollination success, cultivation and attractiveness value. Although the physiological mechanisms behind specific flower opening times of different species within a day are well studied, the genetic mechanism of their flowering processes remains poorly understood due to a lack of suitable materials. Additionally, most studies have focused on traits at specific developmental stages, often overlooking the possibility that different genes may control these traits at various stages. <em>Iris domestica</em>, which blooms in the morning, and <em>I. dichotoma</em> which blooms in the afternoon, are ideal materials for studying the time of flower opening and closing. In this study, we established four generations derived from <em>I. dichotoma</em> and <em>I. domestica</em>, and investigated 9 stages of the opening and closing processes four times, analyzed their variation in flower opening and closing times and explored their genetic mechanism using the major gene plus polygene inheritance analysis model. The analysis revealed significant genetic variation in the opening and closing times. The F<sub>1</sub> generation exhibited intermediate traits between the two parents. The F<sub>2</sub> population displayed high variability, indicating transgressive segregation, with opening times ranging from 7:20:04 to 18:51:42 and closing times from 17:50:47 to 00:24:29. Although the genetic models for the same stage varied across dates, most stages of the opening and closing times were best described by a mixed model involving two major genes and polygenes (E-1 to E-5). In most stages, both major genes and polygenes exhibited additive effects. However, genetic effects varied across stages and dates. The phenotypic variation across the four surveys showed similar trends. Major genes heritabilities ranged from 61.07 % to 98.47 %, while polygenes heritabilities ranged from 0.41 %-38.15 %. These results suggest that flowering time might be influenced by the environment, with diverse genes that were involved in the regulation of flowering processes, and that the regulated genes changed during flowering. These findings lay the foundation for future studies on the genetic mechanism of the flowering time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113683
The Chinese chestnut cultivar ‘Hongli-1’ is a unique germplasm resource with red spines and leaves in Castanea plants. To investigate the origin, evolution and inheritance of this natural wild mutant, we sequenced and assembled its genome, and combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to identify the key sites associated with this trait. The final assembly contained two haplotypes: hapA (708.83 Mb) and hapB (702.81 Mb), which contained 416.78 Mb and 419.20 Mb of repeat sequences, respectively. BUSCO analyses revealed complete gene coverage of 97.4 % for hapA and 98.3 % for hapB. The genome annotation of hapA and hapB predicted 51,183 and 50,517 genes, respectively. Whole-genome duplication event analysis suggested that ‘Hongli-1’ may have undergone only one WGD event. Gene family analysis revealed that the expanded genes of ‘Hongli-1’ included 28 structural genes and 95 transcription factor-encoding genes involved in flavonoid synthesis and metabolism. Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed that cyanidin and peonidin accounted for approximately 99 % of the anthocyanin contents in the spines and leaves of ‘Hongli-1’; the levels of cyanidin, peonidin and pelargonidin were significantly increased in the leaves and spines of ‘Hongli-1’; and the expression of PAL, 4CL, C4H, CHS, F3′5′H, BZ1 and LAR was significantly upregulated. The expanded and differentially expressed genes related to anthocyanin synthesis may be important causes of color development in the leaves and spines of ‘Hongli-1’; it is speculated that the red color is caused mainly by differences in gene expression.
{"title":"Chromosome-level genome assembly of the red mutant of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) provides new insights into anthocyanin accumulation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chinese chestnut cultivar ‘Hongli-1’ is a unique germplasm resource with red spines and leaves in <em>Castanea</em> plants. To investigate the origin, evolution and inheritance of this natural wild mutant, we sequenced and assembled its genome, and combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to identify the key sites associated with this trait. The final assembly contained two haplotypes: hapA (708.83 Mb) and hapB (702.81 Mb), which contained 416.78 Mb and 419.20 Mb of repeat sequences, respectively. BUSCO analyses revealed complete gene coverage of 97.4 % for hapA and 98.3 % for hapB. The genome annotation of hapA and hapB predicted 51,183 and 50,517 genes, respectively. Whole-genome duplication event analysis suggested that ‘Hongli-1’ may have undergone only one WGD event. Gene family analysis revealed that the expanded genes of ‘Hongli-1’ included 28 structural genes and 95 transcription factor-encoding genes involved in flavonoid synthesis and metabolism. Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed that cyanidin and peonidin accounted for approximately 99 % of the anthocyanin contents in the spines and leaves of ‘Hongli-1’; the levels of cyanidin, peonidin and pelargonidin were significantly increased in the leaves and spines of ‘Hongli-1’; and the expression of <em>PAL, 4CL, C4H, CHS, F3′5′H, BZ1</em> and <em>LAR</em> was significantly upregulated. The expanded and differentially expressed genes related to anthocyanin synthesis may be important causes of color development in the leaves and spines of ‘Hongli-1’; it is speculated that the red color is caused mainly by differences in gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113677
Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) is a plant-specific transcription factor. Here, we identified 37 LBD genes of sweet orange in the CPBD database, which were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes, and most of those were located in the nucleus. All CsLBD genes were divided into class I (31) containing five subclasses, and class II (6) containing two subclasses and associated with plant growth and development, plant hormones, defense and stress response. WGD/segmental duplication events primarily were confrimed to promote the development of the CsLBD gene family. CsLBDs were more strongly correlated with dicotyledonous plants than with monocotyledonous plants. Gene expression analysis showed that CsLBD16 and CsLBD17 genes in segment stem cultured in callus induction medium were higher than those in the other two media without auxin throughout the cultivation process. The N-terminal region of the CsLBD17 protein is responsible for the transcriptional activation of CsLBD17. Arabidopsis thaliana with overexpression of CsLBD17 showed stronger callus formation ability on CIM medium and stronger root growth ability on MS medium, indicating that it plays an important role in the development of calluses and roots.
{"title":"Genomic identification and expression profiles during callus formation of LBD transcription factor genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and functional characterization of CsLBD17","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) is a plant-specific transcription factor. Here, we identified 37 <em>LBD</em> genes of sweet orange in the CPBD database, which were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes, and most of those were located in the nucleus. All <em>CsLBD</em> genes were divided into class I (31) containing five subclasses, and class II (6) containing two subclasses and associated with plant growth and development, plant hormones, defense and stress response. WGD/segmental duplication events primarily were confrimed to promote the development of the <em>CsLBD</em> gene family. <em>CsLBDs</em> were more strongly correlated with dicotyledonous plants than with monocotyledonous plants. Gene expression analysis showed that <em>CsLBD16</em> and <em>CsLBD17</em> genes in segment stem cultured in callus induction medium were higher than those in the other two media without auxin throughout the cultivation process. The N-terminal region of the CsLBD17 protein is responsible for the transcriptional activation of CsLBD17. <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> with overexpression of <em>CsLBD17</em> showed stronger callus formation ability on CIM medium and stronger root growth ability on MS medium, indicating that it plays an important role in the development of calluses and roots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113680
In this study, we investigated the effect of heat exposure during olive inflorescence on reproductive development. We hypothesized that male development processes during this period are particularly sensitive to high temperatures. We characterized the development of flowers and inflorescences under natural conditions in the cultivars 'Arbequina' and 'Koroneiki', and defined eight phenological stages, beginning with the emergence of reproductive buds until anthesis (international standard BBCH scale of the phenological inflorescence development phases 53–60). In addition, we examined the response of olive inflorescence and flowering, to two heat scenarios: prolonged exposure to moderately high temperatures and a two-hour concentrated heat shock treatment. Analysis of our data revealed that both treatments had a detrimental effect on the development and functioning of the tapetum, the innermost layer of the anther, which is essential for the development and functioning of pollen. Additionally, we found that the 'Arbequina' cultivar displayed relative tolerance to heat compared to 'Koroneiki' in terms of pollen germinability after heat stress. In contrast to the response of the above cultivars, the 'Souri' exhibited an exceptionally high sensitivity to heat. An assessment of pollen viability after in vitro heat shock treatment of 54 cultivars revealed that pollen from seven varieties, 'Niedda de Oliana', 'Lechín de Sevilla', 'Tonda Oliana', 'Tamir', 'Sigoise', 'Taggiasca', and 'Carrasquenha', showed exceptional tolerance to heat. These cultivars show a greater degree of suitability for cultivation in warm climates, (or in areas susceptible to extreme hot-spells). This study demonstrated that heat has a negative impact on the male reproductive system in olives, during early flower development and in mature pollen grains, which are relatively resistant to heat. Heat stress impaired pollen tube elongation capacity, and germination rate. Additionally, heat stress affected the ultrastructure of the external wall of the pollen grain, the exine, potentially impairing its ability to adhere to the stigma and fertilize the ovule. The sensitivity of olive reproductive capacity to heat is a genotype-dependent trait, allowing for the identification of heat-resistant cultivars for use as pollen donors and for development of new heat-resistant cultivars.
{"title":"Heat stress during reproductive development inhibits fertilization in olives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the effect of heat exposure during olive inflorescence on reproductive development. We hypothesized that male development processes during this period are particularly sensitive to high temperatures. We characterized the development of flowers and inflorescences under natural conditions in the cultivars 'Arbequina' and 'Koroneiki', and defined eight phenological stages, beginning with the emergence of reproductive buds until anthesis (international standard BBCH scale of the phenological inflorescence development phases 53–60). In addition, we examined the response of olive inflorescence and flowering, to two heat scenarios: prolonged exposure to moderately high temperatures and a two-hour concentrated heat shock treatment. Analysis of our data revealed that both treatments had a detrimental effect on the development and functioning of the tapetum, the innermost layer of the anther, which is essential for the development and functioning of pollen. Additionally, we found that the 'Arbequina' cultivar displayed relative tolerance to heat compared to 'Koroneiki' in terms of pollen germinability after heat stress. In contrast to the response of the above cultivars, the 'Souri' exhibited an exceptionally high sensitivity to heat. An assessment of pollen viability after in vitro heat shock treatment of 54 cultivars revealed that pollen from seven varieties, 'Niedda de Oliana', 'Lechín de Sevilla', 'Tonda Oliana', 'Tamir', 'Sigoise', 'Taggiasca', and 'Carrasquenha', showed exceptional tolerance to heat. These cultivars show a greater degree of suitability for cultivation in warm climates, (or in areas susceptible to extreme hot-spells). This study demonstrated that heat has a negative impact on the male reproductive system in olives, during early flower development and in mature pollen grains, which are relatively resistant to heat. Heat stress impaired pollen tube elongation capacity, and germination rate. Additionally, heat stress affected the ultrastructure of the external wall of the pollen grain, the exine, potentially impairing its ability to adhere to the stigma and fertilize the ovule. The sensitivity of olive reproductive capacity to heat is a genotype-dependent trait, allowing for the identification of heat-resistant cultivars for use as pollen donors and for development of new heat-resistant cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113658
According to modern precision agriculture principles, remote and proximal sensing can be extraordinarily useful tools for sustainable water resource management in viticulture. More than one hundred papers were read and cataloged to outline the most effective methodology (comprised of platforms, cameras, indices, single bands, and statistical methods) for monitoring water status in different wine grape varieties located in different areas. Satellites and airplanes can monitor areas at the regional or larger scale; however, while satellite images can be free, airplane imagery can be more expensive. The use of satellite platforms is particularly promising, especially due to recent technical progress aimed at improving spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, unmanned aerial vehicles (aka drones) equipped with thermal, multispectral, and hyperspectral cameras have provided excellent results. Proximal thermal and spectral cameras (e.g., handheld or installed in tractors) can be an inexpensive alternative but often present similar problems to traditional methods (e.g., time-consuming). The best results were obtained from thermal indices (e.g., Crop Water Stress Index) and the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms on individual bands and indices obtained with hyperspectral or multispectral cameras carried on drone or satellite platforms.
{"title":"Recent progress on grapevine water status assessment through remote and proximal sensing: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to modern precision agriculture principles, remote and proximal sensing can be extraordinarily useful tools for sustainable water resource management in viticulture. More than one hundred papers were read and cataloged to outline the most effective methodology (comprised of platforms, cameras, indices, single bands, and statistical methods) for monitoring water status in different wine grape varieties located in different areas. Satellites and airplanes can monitor areas at the regional or larger scale; however, while satellite images can be free, airplane imagery can be more expensive. The use of satellite platforms is particularly promising, especially due to recent technical progress aimed at improving spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, unmanned aerial vehicles (aka drones) equipped with thermal, multispectral, and hyperspectral cameras have provided excellent results. Proximal thermal and spectral cameras (e.g., handheld or installed in tractors) can be an inexpensive alternative but often present similar problems to traditional methods (e.g., time-consuming). The best results were obtained from thermal indices (e.g., Crop Water Stress Index) and the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms on individual bands and indices obtained with hyperspectral or multispectral cameras carried on drone or satellite platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113668
The market of microgreens is rapidly growing due to their tenderness and concentrations of many beneficial substances. The range of plant species grown for microgreens production is large and still expanding. Atriplex hortensis var. rubra L. (red orache; RO) is characterised by high vitamin C content and red-purple leaves, and could replace other red-leaved plants in microgreen boxes. The nutraceutical profile of microgreens could be further enhanced by biofortification with essential micronutrients for humans, such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). The aim of our study was to explore the potential of RO for the production of microgreens biofortified with selenium (Se) or zinc (Zn) in comparison with Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. cicla; SC), which is a more commonly consumed microgreen. Microgreens were grown in coconut coir irrigated at sowing with water containing different concentrations of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4; 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg Se L-1) or zinc sulphate (ZnSO4; 0, 2, 6, and 10 mg Zn L-1). The impact of adding a solution containing different concentrations of Se (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg L-1 Se) or Zn (0, 2, 6, and 10 mg L-1 Zn) to the substrate, at the time of sowing, on the growth and nutraceutical characteristics of the microgreens of both species was investigated together with their potential contribution to the daily requirements of Se and Zn for humans. The fresh weight and concentration of pigments, antioxidant compounds, especially ascorbic acid, and nitrate, and the total antioxidant capacity of microgreens were significantly higher in RO than in SC. Treatment with Se or Zn did not significantly affect the yield and quality of SC and RO microgreens, while increasing the microgreen concentration of Se (from 0.57 to 6.96 mg kg-1 FW) or Zn (from 4.46 to 12.55 mg kg-1 FW), respectively. Biofortification was more effective with Se than with Zn. A serving dose of 10 g of microgreens biofortified with 5 mg L-1 of Se could meet the daily requirement of this element in humans. In order to have a significant input (15%) to the daily requirements of Zn from SC and RO microgreens obtained with 10 mg L-1 Zn, the serving dose should be at least 100 gr.
{"title":"Exploiting the potential of red orache (Atriplex hortensis var. rubra L.) for the production of microgreens biofortified with selenium or zinc in comparison with Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. cicla)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The market of microgreens is rapidly growing due to their tenderness and concentrations of many beneficial substances. The range of plant species grown for microgreens production is large and still expanding. <em>Atriplex hortensis</em> var. <em>rubra</em> L. (red orache; RO) is characterised by high vitamin C content and red-purple leaves, and could replace other red-leaved plants in microgreen boxes. The nutraceutical profile of microgreens could be further enhanced by biofortification with essential micronutrients for humans, such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). The aim of our study was to explore the potential of RO for the production of microgreens biofortified with selenium (Se) or zinc (Zn) in comparison with Swiss chard (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> ssp. <em>vulgaris</em> var. <em>cicla</em>; SC), which is a more commonly consumed microgreen. Microgreens were grown in coconut coir irrigated at sowing with water containing different concentrations of sodium selenate (Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub>; 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg Se L<sup>-1</sup>) or zinc sulphate (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>; 0, 2, 6, and 10 mg Zn L<sup>-1</sup>). The impact of adding a solution containing different concentrations of Se (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> Se) or Zn (0, 2, 6, and 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup> Zn) to the substrate, at the time of sowing, on the growth and nutraceutical characteristics of the microgreens of both species was investigated together with their potential contribution to the daily requirements of Se and Zn for humans. The fresh weight and concentration of pigments, antioxidant compounds, especially ascorbic acid, and nitrate, and the total antioxidant capacity of microgreens were significantly higher in RO than in SC. Treatment with Se or Zn did not significantly affect the yield and quality of SC and RO microgreens, while increasing the microgreen concentration of Se (from 0.57 to 6.96 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> FW) or Zn (from 4.46 to 12.55 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> FW), respectively. Biofortification was more effective with Se than with Zn. A serving dose of 10 g of microgreens biofortified with 5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of Se could meet the daily requirement of this element in humans. In order to have a significant input (15%) to the daily requirements of Zn from SC and RO microgreens obtained with 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup> Zn, the serving dose should be at least 100 gr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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