首页 > 最新文献

Scientia Horticulturae最新文献

英文 中文
Intercropping cactus and sorghum under agroecological transition and water restriction increases the water productivity of the system regardless of the arrangement of the genotypes 在农业生态转型和限水条件下,仙人掌和高粱间作,无论基因型如何排列,都能提高系统的水分生产率
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113604

The agroecological transition is an important step in changing from a conventional to agroecological production system. The cactus-sorghum intercropping can be recommended for the agroecological transition in a semi-arid environment depending on the cultivation configuration, that is, the type of forage cactus clone and sorghum cultivar. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intercropping forage cactus clones (Nopaleae spp. and Opuntia spp.) with sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor) on water use efficiency compared with single crops, to recommend the use of intercropping systems in conventional production units under agroecological transition. The study was conducted in the district of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil over three crop seasons between 2017 and 2022, using cactus clones and sorghum cultivars in single-crop and intercropping configurations. The forage cactus clones evaluated were: IPA Sertania (IPA, Nopalea cochenillifera), Miuda (MIU, Nopalea cochenillifera), and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM, Opuntia stricta), while the sorghum cultivars evaluated were IPA 467, IPA SF11 and IPA 2502. The components of the soil water balance and dry matter yield were determined to calculate the following water indices: water use efficiency (WUE), water productivity of the production system (WPcR+ID), crop water productivity (WPCETa), and irrigation water productivity (WPID). Including sorghum and cactus production system under water deficit increased the water productivity of the system due to the increase in dry matter (616 %). Regardless of the cactus clone or sorghum cultivar, there was an increase of 593 % in terms of WPcR+ID, 597 % in terms of WPCETa and 593 % in terms of WPID, with little reduction in WUE (−2 %). The intercropping systems comprising the OEM clone and sorghum 288, OEM clone and sorghum 467, and the IPA clone and sorghum 467 showed a high level of crop water productivity due to the reduction in actual evapotranspiration. It can therefore be said that optimising the use of water in cactus systems under agroecological transition and water restriction depends on the type of cactus clone and sorghum cultivar.

农业生态过渡是从传统生产系统向农业生态生产系统转变的重要一步。仙人掌-高粱间作可以推荐用于半干旱环境下的农业生态过渡,这取决于栽培配置,即仙人掌克隆和高粱栽培品种的类型。本研究旨在评估饲料仙人掌克隆(Nopaleae 属和 Opuntia 属)与高粱栽培品种(Sorghum bicolor)间作与单一作物间作对水利用效率的影响,从而建议在农业生态转型期的常规生产单元中使用间作系统。这项研究在巴西伯南布哥州塞拉塔尔哈达地区进行,历时三个作物季节(2017 年至 2022 年),采用仙人掌克隆品种和高粱栽培品种的单作和间作配置。接受评估的仙人掌饲料克隆品种有评估的仙人掌克隆品种有:IPA Sertania(IPA,Nopalea cochenillifera)、Miuda(MIU,Nopalea cochenillifera)和 Orelha de Elefante Mexicana(OEM,Opuntia stricta);高粱栽培品种有:IPA 467、IPA SF11 和 IPA 2502。通过测定土壤水分平衡和干物质产量,计算出以下水分指数:水分利用效率(WUE)、生产系统水分生产率(WPcR+ID)、作物水分生产率(WPCETa)和灌溉水生产率(WPID)。在缺水条件下,高粱和仙人掌生产系统的干物质增加(616%),从而提高了系统的水分生产率。无论仙人掌克隆或高粱栽培品种如何,WPcR+ID 增加了 593%,WPCETa 增加了 597%,WPID 增加了 593%,而 WUE 几乎没有减少(-2%)。由 OEM 克隆和高粱 288、OEM 克隆和高粱 467 以及 IPA 克隆和高粱 467 组成的间作系统由于实际蒸散量减少而显示出较高的作物水分生产率。因此可以说,在农业生态转型和限水条件下,仙人掌系统如何优化用水取决于仙人掌克隆和高粱栽培品种的类型。
{"title":"Intercropping cactus and sorghum under agroecological transition and water restriction increases the water productivity of the system regardless of the arrangement of the genotypes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The agroecological transition is an important step in changing from a conventional to agroecological production system. The cactus-sorghum intercropping can be recommended for the agroecological transition in a semi-arid environment depending on the cultivation configuration, that is, the type of forage cactus clone and sorghum cultivar. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intercropping forage cactus clones (<em>Nopaleae</em> spp. and <em>Opuntia</em> spp.) with sorghum cultivars (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em>) on water use efficiency compared with single crops, to recommend the use of intercropping systems in conventional production units under agroecological transition. The study was conducted in the district of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil over three crop seasons between 2017 and 2022, using cactus clones and sorghum cultivars in single-crop and intercropping configurations. The forage cactus clones evaluated were: IPA Sertania (IPA, <em>Nopalea cochenillifera</em>), Miuda (MIU, <em>Nopalea cochenillifera</em>), and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM, <em>Opuntia stricta</em>), while the sorghum cultivars evaluated were IPA 467, IPA SF11 and IPA 2502. The components of the soil water balance and dry matter yield were determined to calculate the following water indices: water use efficiency (WUE), water productivity of the production system (WPc<sub>R+ID</sub>), crop water productivity (WP<sub>CETa</sub>), and irrigation water productivity (WP<sub>ID</sub>). Including sorghum and cactus production system under water deficit increased the water productivity of the system due to the increase in dry matter (616 %). Regardless of the cactus clone or sorghum cultivar, there was an increase of 593 % in terms of WPc<sub>R+ID</sub>, 597 % in terms of WP<sub>CETa</sub> and 593 % in terms of WP<sub>ID</sub>, with little reduction in WUE (−2 %). The intercropping systems comprising the OEM clone and sorghum 288, OEM clone and sorghum 467, and the IPA clone and sorghum 467 showed a high level of crop water productivity due to the reduction in actual evapotranspiration. It can therefore be said that optimising the use of water in cactus systems under agroecological transition and water restriction depends on the type of cactus clone and sorghum cultivar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ERF transcription factor SlERF7 promotes UV-C-induced biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in tomato ERF转录因子SlERF7促进紫外线-C诱导的番茄酚类化合物的生物合成
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113643

In this study, the molecular pathways of SlERF7 in regulating the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds induced by postharvest UV-C in tomato fruit was deeply investigated by constructing transgenic plants. The findings revealed a pronounced induction of phenolic compounds accumulation following UV-C irradiation, coupled with heightened activities of PAL, 4CL, C4H, CHS, and CHI enzymes, alongside upregulated expression levels of SlPAL5, SlC4H, Sl4CL, SlCHS2, and SlCHI within SlERF7 overexpressed fruit. Conversely, SlERF7 knockout fruit exhibited diminished levels of phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, and gene expression after UV-C irradiation. Furthermore, subcellular localization analysis showed that SlERF7 was localized in the nucleus. Dual luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that SlERF7 directly bound to the GCC-box in the SlPAL5 promoter and activated its transcriptional activity. Therefore, it was confirmed that SlERF7 might positively promote UV-C-induced phenolic biosynthesis in postharvest tomato fruit by targeting the promoter of SlPAL5.

本研究通过构建转基因植株,深入研究了SlERF7调控采后紫外线-C诱导番茄果实中酚类化合物合成和积累的分子途径。研究结果表明,紫外线-C照射后,番茄果实中的PAL、4CL、C4H、CHS和CHI酶活性增强,同时SlPAL5、SlC4H、Sl4CL、SlCHS2和SlCHI在SlERF7过表达的果实中表达水平升高,从而明显诱导了酚类化合物的积累。相反,SlERF7基因敲除果实在紫外线-C照射后表现出酚类化合物、酶活性和基因表达水平降低。此外,亚细胞定位分析表明,SlERF7 定位于细胞核中。双荧光素酶试验和电泳迁移试验(EMSA)表明,SlERF7直接与SlPAL5启动子中的GCC-box结合并激活其转录活性。因此,证实 SlERF7 可通过靶向 SlPAL5 启动子,积极促进 UV-C 诱导的番茄采后果实中的酚类生物合成。
{"title":"The ERF transcription factor SlERF7 promotes UV-C-induced biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in tomato","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the molecular pathways of SlERF7 in regulating the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds induced by postharvest UV-C in tomato fruit was deeply investigated by constructing transgenic plants. The findings revealed a pronounced induction of phenolic compounds accumulation following UV-C irradiation, coupled with heightened activities of PAL, 4CL, C4H, CHS, and CHI enzymes, alongside upregulated expression levels of <em>SlPAL5, SlC4H, Sl4CL, SlCHS2</em>, and <em>SlCHI</em> within <em>SlERF7</em> overexpressed fruit. Conversely, <em>SlERF7</em> knockout fruit exhibited diminished levels of phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, and gene expression after UV-C irradiation. Furthermore, subcellular localization analysis showed that SlERF7 was localized in the nucleus. Dual luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that SlERF7 directly bound to the GCC-box in the <em>SlPAL5</em> promoter and activated its transcriptional activity. Therefore, it was confirmed that SlERF7 might positively promote UV-C-induced phenolic biosynthesis in postharvest tomato fruit by targeting the promoter of <em>SlPAL5</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing water-fertilizer integration with drip irrigation management to improve crop yield, water, and nitrogen use efficiency: A meta-analysis study 优化水肥一体化与滴灌管理,提高作物产量、水和氮的利用效率:荟萃分析研究
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113653

So far, many studies have examined the effects of drip irrigation and water-fertilizer integration on crop yield indices, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE). However, they are carried out under different conditions. Due to the scattered research results and the lack of general conclusions from published results, it is necessary to use meta-analysis as a structured method to draw a conclusion. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the effects of water–fertilizer integration with drip irrigation (WFIDI) on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and crop yield to explore the most suitable application strategy of WFIDI, further discussion of its impact mechanism. A total of 352 studies in the Chinese region were included, of which 84 studies met the entry criteria for the meta-analysis, and 779 pairs of data were finally obtained. The meta-analysis results showed that WFIDI improved NUE (31.3 %), WUE (34.5 %) and crop yield (12.5 %) by changing soil physical and chemical properties (SOC increased by 36.4 %, TN increased by 9.3 %, and ETC decreased by 11.5 %). In order to screen the key influencing factors and determine the applicable conditions, PCA and win-win analysis were carried out. The results showed that WFIDI was suitable for food crops and fruit trees in medium-textured soils. It is recommended to use subsurface drip irrigation with a lower flow rate (≤1Lh−1) and nitrogen fertilizer (10–25 % lower than the traditional nitrogen application rate of farmers). This study provides inspiration for efficient and economical agricultural water management.

迄今为止,许多研究都探讨了滴灌和水肥一体化对作物产量指数、养分利用效率(NUE)和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。然而,这些研究是在不同条件下进行的。由于研究成果分散,且已发表的成果缺乏一般性结论,因此有必要使用元分析这种结构化方法来得出结论。因此,通过荟萃分析,定量评价水肥一体化滴灌技术(WFIDI)对氮利用效率(NUE)、水利用效率(WUE)和作物产量的影响,探索最适合的水肥一体化滴灌技术应用策略,进一步探讨其影响机理。中国地区共纳入 352 项研究,其中 84 项研究符合荟萃分析的入选标准,最终获得 779 对数据。荟萃分析结果表明,通过改变土壤理化性质(SOC 增加了 36.4%,TN 增加了 9.3%,ETC 减少了 11.5%),世界花卉与生物多样性学会提高了农作物氮利用效率(31.3%)、水分利用效率(34.5%)和作物产量(12.5%)。为了筛选关键影响因素并确定适用条件,进行了 PCA 分析和双赢分析。结果表明,WFIDI 适用于中等质地土壤中的粮食作物和果树。建议使用流量较小(≤1Lh-1)的地下滴灌和氮肥(比农民传统施氮量低 10-25%)。这项研究为高效、经济的农业用水管理提供了启示。
{"title":"Optimizing water-fertilizer integration with drip irrigation management to improve crop yield, water, and nitrogen use efficiency: A meta-analysis study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>So far, many studies have examined the effects of drip irrigation and water-fertilizer integration on crop yield indices, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE). However, they are carried out under different conditions. Due to the scattered research results and the lack of general conclusions from published results, it is necessary to use meta-analysis as a structured method to draw a conclusion. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the effects of water–fertilizer integration with drip irrigation (WFI<sub>DI</sub>) on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and crop yield to explore the most suitable application strategy of WFI<sub>DI</sub>, further discussion of its impact mechanism<sub>.</sub> A total of 352 studies in the Chinese region were included, of which 84 studies met the entry criteria for the meta-analysis, and 779 pairs of data were finally obtained. The meta-analysis results showed that WFI<sub>DI</sub> improved NUE (31.3 %), WUE (34.5 %) and crop yield (12.5 %) by changing soil physical and chemical properties (SOC increased by 36.4 %, TN increased by 9.3 %, and ET<sub>C</sub> decreased by 11.5 %). In order to screen the key influencing factors and determine the applicable conditions, PCA and win-win analysis were carried out. The results showed that WFI<sub>DI</sub> was suitable for food crops and fruit trees in medium-textured soils. It is recommended to use subsurface drip irrigation with a lower flow rate (≤1Lh<sup>−1</sup>) and nitrogen fertilizer (10–25 % lower than the traditional nitrogen application rate of farmers). This study provides inspiration for efficient and economical agricultural water management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comprehensive assessment of fragrance profiles in peony flowers through HS-GC-IMS and metabolic pathway analysis 通过 HS-GC-IMS 和代谢途径分析全面评估牡丹花的香味特征
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113646

This study addresses the identification and comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different peony varieties to elucidate their distinct aroma profiles and the common VOCs that constitute the unique fragrance of peony flowers, laying a foundation for breeding high-quality peony varieties and developing related products. Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to analyze and differentiate the VOCs of eight peony varieties: TAOXI, ZIHELIAN, BAITIANE, YAOHUANG, DAFUGUI, DAOJIN, HONGXIUQIU, and MANAOPAN. The study identified 87 VOCs, revealing significant differences in VOC compositions among the samples. Notably, BAITIANE displayed distinct differences in both color and VOC composition compared to the other seven varieties. It exhibited uniquely high levels of butanoic acid-M, butanoic acid-D, hexanal-D, ethanol-D, and ethyl acetate. Twelve key differential VOCs were identified as having significant impacts: ethanol-D, hexanal-D, (e)-2-hexenal-D, (e)-2-hexenal-M, hexanal-M, butanoic acid-M, acetic acid-D, acetic acid-M, butanoic acid-D, ethyl acetate, thiophene, and dimethyl sulfide. KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the roles of xenobiotics biodegradation, terpenoid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in VOC biosynthesis. The findings are significant for the breeding of fragrant peony varieties and the development of floral-based products. The findings provide theoretical support for breeding new horticultural flower varieties and developing commercial peony products, enhancing the understanding of floral scent chemistry, and offering valuable information for the perfumery, floral food processing, and related industries.

本研究通过对不同牡丹品种中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的鉴定和比较,阐明了牡丹花独特的香气特征以及构成牡丹花独特香气的常见挥发性有机化合物,为培育优质牡丹品种和开发相关产品奠定了基础。采用顶空气相色谱-离子迁移谱(HS-GC-IMS)结合主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)对 8 个牡丹品种的挥发性有机化合物进行了分析和判别:八种牡丹品种分别是:桃溪、紫鹤莲、白田娥、姚黄、大富贵、大金、红秀秋和马诺潘。研究确定了 87 种挥发性有机化合物,发现不同样品的挥发性有机化合物组成存在显著差异。值得注意的是,与其他七个品种相比,"白田 "在色泽和挥发性有机化合物组成方面都有明显差异。它表现出独特的高水平丁酸-M、丁酸-D、己醛-D、乙醇-D 和乙酸乙酯。经鉴定,有十二种关键的差异挥发性有机化合物具有重大影响:乙醇-D、己醛-D、(e)-2-己烯醛-D、(e)-2-己烯醛-M、己醛-M、丁酸-M、乙酸-D、乙酸-M、丁酸-D、乙酸乙酯、噻吩和二甲硫醚。KEGG 通路分析强调了异种生物降解、萜类化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢在挥发性有机化合物生物合成中的作用。这些发现对培育芳香牡丹品种和开发花卉产品具有重要意义。这些发现为培育园艺花卉新品种和开发商业牡丹产品提供了理论支持,加深了人们对花香化学的理解,并为香水、花卉食品加工及相关行业提供了有价值的信息。
{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of fragrance profiles in peony flowers through HS-GC-IMS and metabolic pathway analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study addresses the identification and comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different peony varieties to elucidate their distinct aroma profiles and the common VOCs that constitute the unique fragrance of peony flowers, laying a foundation for breeding high-quality peony varieties and developing related products. Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to analyze and differentiate the VOCs of eight peony varieties: TAOXI, ZIHELIAN, BAITIANE, YAOHUANG, DAFUGUI, DAOJIN, HONGXIUQIU, and MANAOPAN. The study identified 87 VOCs, revealing significant differences in VOC compositions among the samples. Notably, BAITIANE displayed distinct differences in both color and VOC composition compared to the other seven varieties. It exhibited uniquely high levels of butanoic acid-M, butanoic acid-D, hexanal-D, ethanol-D, and ethyl acetate. Twelve key differential VOCs were identified as having significant impacts: ethanol-D, hexanal-D, (e)-2-hexenal-D, (e)-2-hexenal-M, hexanal-M, butanoic acid-M, acetic acid-D, acetic acid-M, butanoic acid-D, ethyl acetate, thiophene, and dimethyl sulfide. KEGG pathway analysis highlighted the roles of xenobiotics biodegradation, terpenoid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in VOC biosynthesis. The findings are significant for the breeding of fragrant peony varieties and the development of floral-based products. The findings provide theoretical support for breeding new horticultural flower varieties and developing commercial peony products, enhancing the understanding of floral scent chemistry, and offering valuable information for the perfumery, floral food processing, and related industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304423824007994/pdfft?md5=3e9e0710f22885884265fbaeba3dc039&pid=1-s2.0-S0304423824007994-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Topping sweet orange trees as Diaphorina citri bait on the farm edge for huanglongbing management: Opportunities and limitations 在农场边缘将甜橙树顶作为枸橘蝽诱饵,以管理黄龙病:机遇与局限
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113612

Flush shoots of citrus have an important role in huanglongbing (HLB) epidemiology, as the insect vector of HLB, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), prefers them for feeding and reproduction. Additionally, ACP's acquisition and transmission of HLB bacteria mainly occurs in these flushes. As pruning stimulates sprouting, we hypothesized that periodically topping sweet orange trees on the orchard's edge (from 0 to 100 m) would attract ACPs from external areas to these flush shoots as bait, instead of ACPs dispersing throughout the orchard. Hence, it would direct HLB management on this edge width. For that, topped trees (TT) were compared to non-topped trees (NTT) located on the orchard's edge, with only NTT after edges (from 100 to 200 m). Vegetative growth, flushing frequency, ACP population, spray coverage, HLB incidence, fruit yield, and quality of Hamlin and Valencia Americana sweet orange trees were evaluated in commercial orchards over three growing seasons. Topping was performed frequently (every 30–45 d) on alternate rows to stimulate the year-round presence of shoot flushes within the orchard's edge. Insecticides were sprayed monthly to control ACP. Topping reduced tree height and canopy volume by 24 % and 20 % on average. Topped trees presented, on average, 3-fold more flush shoots than NTT over time. On Hamlin blocks, ACP numbers and cumulative HLB incidence were 70 % and 90 % higher, respectively, in TT compared to NTT. However, no consistent differences were observed for the Valencia Americana orchard. Moreover, ACP abundance and HLB incidence were similar after the edge regardless of topping. In the edge areas, although tree yield was reduced (∼65 % on average) on TT compared to NTT, topping significantly enhanced external fruit quality. This treatment increased fruit size and weight and promoted intense yellow coloration. Topping increased spray coverage at the top of Hamlin trees by 1.5-fold compared to control. Frequent topping as bait for ACP poses significant risks if the ACP population is not rigorously controlled, potentially leading to further reductions in yield from edge trees.

柑橘的齐梢果实在黄龙病(HLB)流行病学中起着重要作用,因为 HLB 的昆虫媒介--亚洲柑橘象鼻虫(ACP)喜欢在齐梢果实上取食和繁殖。此外,亚洲柑橘大粉蚧主要在这些萌芽期获取和传播 HLB 病菌。由于修剪会刺激萌芽,我们假设定期给果园边缘(0 至 100 米)的甜橙树打顶,会吸引外部地区的 ACP 到这些齐刷刷的嫩枝上作为诱饵,而不是让 ACP 散布到整个果园。因此,它将把 HLB 管理的重点放在边缘宽度上。为此,对位于果园边缘的有顶树(TT)和无顶树(NTT)进行了比较,在边缘(100 至 200 米)之后仅有无顶树。在三个生长季中,对商业果园中的哈姆林甜橙树和瓦伦西亚甜橙树的植被生长、冲洗频率、ACP数量、喷洒覆盖率、HLB发病率、果实产量和质量进行了评估。在交替行上频繁打顶(每隔 30-45 天),以刺激果园边缘全年出现新梢。每月喷洒杀虫剂以控制 ACP。打顶后,树高和树冠体积平均分别减少了 24% 和 20%。随着时间的推移,打顶的树木平均比NTT多出3倍的齐梢嫩枝。在哈姆林区块,TT 与 NTT 相比,ACP 数量和 HLB 累计发病率分别高出 70% 和 90%。然而,在瓦伦西亚美洲果园没有观察到一致的差异。此外,无论是否打顶,边缘后的 ACP 丰度和 HLB 发生率都相似。在边缘地区,虽然 TT 比 NTT 降低了果树产量(平均 65%),但打顶显著提高了外部果实质量。这种处理增加了果实的大小和重量,并使果实呈浓黄色。与对照相比,打顶可使哈姆林树顶部的喷洒覆盖率提高 1.5 倍。如果不严格控制 ACP 的数量,频繁打顶作为 ACP 的诱饵会带来巨大风险,可能导致边缘树的产量进一步降低。
{"title":"Topping sweet orange trees as Diaphorina citri bait on the farm edge for huanglongbing management: Opportunities and limitations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flush shoots of citrus have an important role in huanglongbing (HLB) epidemiology, as the insect vector of HLB, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), prefers them for feeding and reproduction. Additionally, ACP's acquisition and transmission of HLB bacteria mainly occurs in these flushes. As pruning stimulates sprouting, we hypothesized that periodically topping sweet orange trees on the orchard's edge (from 0 to 100 m) would attract ACPs from external areas to these flush shoots as bait, instead of ACPs dispersing throughout the orchard. Hence, it would direct HLB management on this edge width. For that, topped trees (TT) were compared to non-topped trees (NTT) located on the orchard's edge, with only NTT after edges (from 100 to 200 m). Vegetative growth, flushing frequency, ACP population, spray coverage, HLB incidence, fruit yield, and quality of Hamlin and Valencia Americana sweet orange trees were evaluated in commercial orchards over three growing seasons. Topping was performed frequently (every 30–45 d) on alternate rows to stimulate the year-round presence of shoot flushes within the orchard's edge. Insecticides were sprayed monthly to control ACP. Topping reduced tree height and canopy volume by 24 % and 20 % on average. Topped trees presented, on average, 3-fold more flush shoots than NTT over time. On Hamlin blocks, ACP numbers and cumulative HLB incidence were 70 % and 90 % higher, respectively, in TT compared to NTT. However, no consistent differences were observed for the Valencia Americana orchard. Moreover, ACP abundance and HLB incidence were similar after the edge regardless of topping. In the edge areas, although tree yield was reduced (∼65 % on average) on TT compared to NTT, topping significantly enhanced external fruit quality. This treatment increased fruit size and weight and promoted intense yellow coloration. Topping increased spray coverage at the top of Hamlin trees by 1.5-fold compared to control. Frequent topping as bait for ACP poses significant risks if the ACP population is not rigorously controlled, potentially leading to further reductions in yield from edge trees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrated cytological, physiological, and comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the regulatory network for male sterility in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) 综合细胞学、生理学和比较转录组分析揭示威尔士洋葱(Allium fistulosum L.)雄性不育的调控网络
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113616

Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is a specialty crop with value as a vegetable, condiment, and medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms related to pollen abortion and cytoplasmic male sterility are poorly understood, limiting the heterosis utilization and hybrid production of A. fistulosum. This study investigated the dynamic differences between male-sterile (MS) plants and male-fertile (MF) plants at different anther developmental stages based on integrated cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses. Cytological observations revealed that pollen abortion in the MS plants began during the tetrad stage and was caused by vacuolated microspores, abnormal degradation of the tapetum, and inadequate nutrient supply. The physiological results showed that MS plants exhibited low total soluble sugar and starch contents and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase and catalase). Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 7005 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional enrichment analysis indicated that significant transcriptomic differences were related to oxidative phosphorylation, starch and sucrose metabolism, and cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis. The relative expression levels of key DEGs in these three important metabolic pathways were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. On this basis, a core transcriptome-mediated MS network was proposed for MS plants with four functional components: inhibited sucrose synthesis and transport; blocked cutin, suberine, and wax synthesis; accelerated reactive oxygen species generation; and abnormal tapetal programmed cell death. These results provide theoretical guidance for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in A. fistulosum.

威尔士洋葱(Allium fistulosum L.)是一种特种作物,具有蔬菜、调味品和医药价值。然而,人们对花粉凋落和细胞质雄性不育的分子机制知之甚少,从而限制了威尔士葱的杂交利用和杂交种生产。本研究基于细胞学、生理学和转录组学的综合分析,研究了雄性不育(MS)植株和雄性不育(MF)植株在不同花药发育阶段的动态差异。细胞学观察发现,MS植株的花粉凋落始于四分体阶段,是由空泡化的小孢子、绦膜异常退化和营养供应不足引起的。生理结果表明,MS 植物的总可溶性糖和淀粉含量较低,抗氧化酶(过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶)活性降低。比较转录组分析确定了 7005 个差异表达基因(DEGs),功能富集分析表明,显著的转录组差异与氧化磷酸化、淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及角质素、单宁和蜡的生物合成有关。利用定量实时聚合酶链反应测定了这三个重要代谢途径中关键 DEGs 的相对表达水平。在此基础上,为 MS 植物提出了一个转录组介导的 MS 核心网络,其中包含四个功能成分:蔗糖合成和运输受抑制;角叉菜胶、小檗碱和蜡合成受阻;活性氧生成加速;以及绦虫程序性细胞死亡异常。这些结果为进一步探究拳叶雄性不育的分子机制提供了理论指导。
{"title":"Integrated cytological, physiological, and comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the regulatory network for male sterility in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Welsh onion (<em>Allium fistulosum</em> L.) is a specialty crop with value as a vegetable, condiment, and medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms related to pollen abortion and cytoplasmic male sterility are poorly understood, limiting the heterosis utilization and hybrid production of <em>A. fistulosum</em>. This study investigated the dynamic differences between male-sterile (MS) plants and male-fertile (MF) plants at different anther developmental stages based on integrated cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses. Cytological observations revealed that pollen abortion in the MS plants began during the tetrad stage and was caused by vacuolated microspores, abnormal degradation of the tapetum, and inadequate nutrient supply. The physiological results showed that MS plants exhibited low total soluble sugar and starch contents and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase and catalase). Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 7005 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional enrichment analysis indicated that significant transcriptomic differences were related to oxidative phosphorylation, starch and sucrose metabolism, and cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis. The relative expression levels of key DEGs in these three important metabolic pathways were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. On this basis, a core transcriptome-mediated MS network was proposed for MS plants with four functional components: inhibited sucrose synthesis and transport; blocked cutin, suberine, and wax synthesis; accelerated reactive oxygen species generation; and abnormal tapetal programmed cell death. These results provide theoretical guidance for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in <em>A. fistulosum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insecticide-free reduction of Myzus persicae aphids on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) through MgSO4-faciliated amino acid and sugar reallocation 通过 MgSO4 辅助氨基酸和糖的重新分配,以无杀虫剂方式减少甜椒(Capsicum annuum L.)上的蚜虫 Myzus persicae
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113613

Fruits of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) are among the most consumed fresh fruits, however, their production can be affected by aphids, which feed on the amino acids in the leaves. Mg2+ in leaves plays a crucial role in the reallocation of amino acids from source organs (leaves) to sink organs (fruits). We hypothesize that foliar application of Mg2+ can reduce free amino acid concentration in leaves by promoting their transfer to sink fruits, thereby compromising aphid colonization by reducing their nutritional basis. To test this, a two-factorial experiment was conducted with sweet pepper subjected to aphid infestation with and without leaf MgSO4 application. The concentration of amino acids, sugars, organic acids and mineral nutrients was analysed in the leaves, leaf phloem sap and fruits. Mg2+application decreased the concentrations of amino acids and sugars that are key for aphid nutrition in both the leaf and phloem sap and increased the size and number fruits, indicating an increased sink strength in response to Mg2+. This response was accompanied by a reduced number of aphids on the entire plant. In results, the sugar and amino acid concentration in the phloem got less attractive for the aphids. We conclude that Mg2+ worsens the nutritional situation for aphids by facilitating the reallocation of metabolites to form fruits.

甜椒(Capsicum annuum L.)的果实是消费量最大的新鲜水果之一,但其产量会受到蚜虫的影响,因为蚜虫以叶片中的氨基酸为食。叶片中的 Mg2+ 在氨基酸从源器官(叶片)到吸收器官(果实)的重新分配过程中起着至关重要的作用。我们假设,叶面施用 Mg2+ 可以通过促进氨基酸转移到果实中来降低叶片中的游离氨基酸浓度,从而通过降低果实的营养基础来影响蚜虫的定殖。为了验证这一点,我们对遭受蚜虫侵袭的甜椒进行了叶片施用 MgSO4 和不施用 MgSO4 的双因子实验。分析了叶片、叶韧皮部汁液和果实中氨基酸、糖、有机酸和矿物质营养的浓度。施用 Mg2+ 降低了叶片和韧皮部汁液中对蚜虫营养起关键作用的氨基酸和糖的浓度,并增加了果实的大小和数量,这表明蚜虫对 Mg2+ 的吸收能力增强。与此同时,整个植株上的蚜虫数量也减少了。结果,韧皮部的糖和氨基酸浓度对蚜虫的吸引力降低。我们的结论是,Mg2+ 通过促进代谢产物的重新分配来形成果实,从而恶化了蚜虫的营养状况。
{"title":"Insecticide-free reduction of Myzus persicae aphids on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) through MgSO4-faciliated amino acid and sugar reallocation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fruits of sweet pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.) are among the most consumed fresh fruits, however, their production can be affected by aphids, which feed on the amino acids in the leaves. Mg<sup>2+</sup> in leaves plays a crucial role in the reallocation of amino acids from source organs (leaves) to sink organs (fruits). We hypothesize that foliar application of Mg<sup>2+</sup> can reduce free amino acid concentration in leaves by promoting their transfer to sink fruits, thereby compromising aphid colonization by reducing their nutritional basis. To test this, a two-factorial experiment was conducted with sweet pepper subjected to aphid infestation with and without leaf MgSO<sub>4</sub> application. The concentration of amino acids, sugars, organic acids and mineral nutrients was analysed in the leaves, leaf phloem sap and fruits. Mg<sup>2+</sup>application decreased the concentrations of amino acids and sugars that are key for aphid nutrition in both the leaf and phloem sap and increased the size and number fruits, indicating an increased sink strength in response to Mg<sup>2+</sup>. This response was accompanied by a reduced number of aphids on the entire plant. In results, the sugar and amino acid concentration in the phloem got less attractive for the aphids. We conclude that Mg<sup>2+</sup> worsens the nutritional situation for aphids by facilitating the reallocation of metabolites to form fruits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304423824007660/pdfft?md5=7a2d78a33b5cef85543f5609b1fe3881&pid=1-s2.0-S0304423824007660-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interplay of phenolic compounds and gene expression in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways during olive (Olea europaea L.) ripening of ‘Leccino’ cultivar 橄榄(Olea europaea L.)栽培品种 "Leccino "成熟过程中酚类化合物与苯丙类和黄酮类途径中基因表达的相互作用
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113640

This study presents a detailed analysis and interplay of the phenolics, relative gene expression and quality parameters during ripening of ‘Leccino’ olive fruit pulp and skin at seven maturity indexes, in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Tissue-specific gene expression analysis revealed statistically higher expression levels for eight genes in the skin. The only exception was anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), which expression level was statistically higher in the pulp. Our results confirm that the important role in olives of the anthocyanin composition have flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) in both tissues. The phenolic content was mostly statistically higher in the skin than in the pulp and generally increased in both tissues during ripening. A notable shift in phenolic compounds occurs between maturity index 3 and 4, when the skin of the fruit turns completely purple. Results from this study highlight the intricate dynamics of physiological processes and biochemical mechanisms in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways in olive fruit. The findings also underscore the relationship between phenolic content, relative gene expression, and quality parameters, particularly in relation to color development during ripening in different olive fruit tissues. Our conclusions can be used by growers to improve the quality of fruit and consequently the quality of olive oil or other final products.

本研究详细分析了 "Leccino "橄榄果肉和果皮在七个成熟指数下成熟过程中酚、相对基因表达和质量参数在苯丙类和黄酮类途径中的相互作用。组织特异性基因表达分析表明,果皮中八个基因的表达水平在统计学上较高。唯一例外的是花青素合成酶(ANS),其表达水平在统计上高于果肉。我们的研究结果证实,在橄榄的两种组织中,花青素成分的重要作用是类黄酮 3′-羟化酶(F3′H)和类黄酮-3′,5′-羟化酶(F3′5′H)。据统计,果皮中的酚含量大多高于果肉,而且在成熟过程中,两种组织中的酚含量普遍增加。酚类化合物的明显变化发生在成熟指数 3 和 4 之间,此时果皮完全变紫。这项研究的结果凸显了橄榄果实中苯丙氨酸和类黄酮途径的生理过程和生化机制的复杂动态。研究结果还强调了酚含量、相对基因表达和质量参数之间的关系,特别是与不同橄榄果实组织成熟过程中颜色发展的关系。种植者可以利用我们的结论来提高果实的质量,进而提高橄榄油或其他最终产品的质量。
{"title":"Interplay of phenolic compounds and gene expression in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways during olive (Olea europaea L.) ripening of ‘Leccino’ cultivar","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a detailed analysis and interplay of the phenolics, relative gene expression and quality parameters during ripening of ‘Leccino’ olive fruit pulp and skin at seven maturity indexes, in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Tissue-specific gene expression analysis revealed statistically higher expression levels for eight genes in the skin. The only exception was anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), which expression level was statistically higher in the pulp. Our results confirm that the important role in olives of the anthocyanin composition have flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) in both tissues. The phenolic content was mostly statistically higher in the skin than in the pulp and generally increased in both tissues during ripening. A notable shift in phenolic compounds occurs between maturity index 3 and 4, when the skin of the fruit turns completely purple. Results from this study highlight the intricate dynamics of physiological processes and biochemical mechanisms in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways in olive fruit. The findings also underscore the relationship between phenolic content, relative gene expression, and quality parameters, particularly in relation to color development during ripening in different olive fruit tissues. Our conclusions can be used by growers to improve the quality of fruit and consequently the quality of olive oil or other final products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304423824007933/pdfft?md5=5542965006e61437f2b69a2d81206ccf&pid=1-s2.0-S0304423824007933-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brassinolide and gibberellin promote grape fruit development and quality 芸苔素内酯和赤霉素促进葡萄果实发育和提高质量
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113619

Brassinosteroid (BR) and Gibberellins (GA) are important hormones that significantly influences grapeberry development and ripening. In the present study, grape clusters were soaked separately with EBR (Epi brassinolide), GA3, and EBR+GA3 during fruit development. Results showed that anthocyanin content, soluble solids, and titratable acid content were all enhanced by EBR treatment, however fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal longitude, and hardness were not significantly changed, furthermore, GA3 treatment increased the fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse longitude, and hardness, decreased titratable acid, and increased the solid acid ratio; The EBR+GA3 significantly improved grape fruit quality, increased fruit anthocyanin content, reduced titratable acid content, improved sugar-acid ratio, and significantly improved fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal longitude, and hardness. EBR and GA3 treatment increased the contents of alcohols, esters, ketones, terpenes, and phenols in aroma substances, and glucose and fructose. They also increased the sugar, aroma, and anthocyanin metabolism-related genes, while down-regulated the expression of acid-related genes. EBR also increased the GA metabolism associated genes, but GA3 decereaed BR metabolism assocated genes. BR and GA had a crosstalk of that VvGAI could interact with VvBZR1, VvGAI could inhibit the VvBZR1 binding to the VvGA20ox2 promoter that decreased the VvGA20ox2 gene expression, but EBR and GA3 could alleviate the inhibition. In conclusion, both BR and GA alone could improve fruit quality to some extent, and the combination of them can better integrate the advantages of single-use to improve the fruit quality and enhance the commerciality of the grape fruit.

类芸香素(BR)和赤霉素(GA)是影响葡萄果实发育和成熟的重要激素。在本研究中,在葡萄果实发育过程中分别用EBR(表黄素内酯)、GA3和EBR+GA3浸泡葡萄果穗。结果表明,EBR 处理可提高花青素含量、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量,但果重、横纵经度和硬度变化不明显;GA3 处理可提高果重、横纵经度和硬度,降低可滴定酸,提高固酸比;EBR+GA3显著改善了葡萄果实品质,提高了果实花青素含量,降低了可滴定酸含量,提高了糖酸比,并显著提高了果重、横纵经度和硬度。EBR 和 GA3 处理增加了香气物质中醇、酯、酮、萜烯和酚的含量,以及葡萄糖和果糖的含量。它们还增加了糖、香气和花青素代谢相关基因的表达,同时下调了酸相关基因的表达。EBR也增加了GA代谢相关基因的表达,但GA3降低了BR代谢相关基因的表达。BR和GA之间存在交叉作用,VvGAI可以与VvBZR1相互作用,VvGAI可以抑制VvBZR1与VvGA20ox2启动子的结合,从而降低VvGA20ox2基因的表达,但EBR和GA3可以缓解这种抑制作用。总之,单独使用 BR 和 GA 都能在一定程度上改善果实品质,两者结合使用能更好地整合单一使用的优势,改善果实品质,提高葡萄果实的商品性。
{"title":"Brassinolide and gibberellin promote grape fruit development and quality","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brassinosteroid (BR) and Gibberellins (GA) are important hormones that significantly influences grapeberry development and ripening. In the present study, grape clusters were soaked separately with EBR (Epi brassinolide), GA<sub>3</sub>, and EBR+GA<sub>3</sub> during fruit development. Results showed that anthocyanin content, soluble solids, and titratable acid content were all enhanced by EBR treatment, however fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal longitude, and hardness were not significantly changed, furthermore, GA<sub>3</sub> treatment increased the fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse longitude, and hardness, decreased titratable acid, and increased the solid acid ratio; The EBR+GA<sub>3</sub> significantly improved grape fruit quality, increased fruit anthocyanin content, reduced titratable acid content, improved sugar-acid ratio, and significantly improved fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal longitude, and hardness. EBR and GA<sub>3</sub> treatment increased the contents of alcohols, esters, ketones, terpenes, and phenols in aroma substances, and glucose and fructose. They also increased the sugar, aroma, and anthocyanin metabolism-related genes, while down-regulated the expression of acid-related genes. EBR also increased the GA metabolism associated genes, but GA<sub>3</sub> decereaed BR metabolism assocated genes. BR and GA had a crosstalk of that VvGAI could interact with VvBZR1, VvGAI could inhibit the VvBZR1 binding to the <em>VvGA20ox2</em> promoter that decreased the <em>VvGA20ox2</em> gene expression, but EBR and GA<sub>3</sub> could alleviate the inhibition. In conclusion, both BR and GA alone could improve fruit quality to some extent, and the combination of them can better integrate the advantages of single-use to improve the fruit quality and enhance the commerciality of the grape fruit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partitioned harvesting based on vineyard row orientation revealed the nexus between intra-vineyard heterogeneity and polyphenol levels in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines 基于葡萄园行向的分区采收揭示了葡萄园内异质性与赤霞珠葡萄和葡萄酒中多酚含量之间的关系
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113639

Phenolics are essential bioactive components that determine the appearance and taste characteristics of wines. The biosynthesis of grape phenolics is sensitive to vineyard microclimate conditions, which profoundly affects vineyard precision management. This study aimed to clarify the effect of partitioned harvesting based on vineyard canopy sides on grape and wine phenol levels. Parallel field experiments were conducted in four Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards with different row orientations across three seasons. Results showed that vineyard row orientation directly affected temperature-solar radiation distribution and spectrum in the cluster zone, ultimately affecting grape phenolics. Grape sugar content varied significantly in various canopy positions, which were associated with the photosynthetic capacity of grapevines. Partitioned harvesting significantly altered the distribution of anthocyanins and flavonols in grapes. Grapes and corresponding wines from exposed canopy sides showed higher flavonol concentrations than the shaded canopies, while anthocyanins varied, which were associated with temperature-solar radiation distribution around the cluster zone. Acylated anthocyanins and kaempferol-based flavonols showed high and significant correlations with the row orientations through regression models. The canopies with more heat stress produced wines with higher pH and lower anthocyanin levels. The different expressions of flavonoid pathway genes, such as VviPALs, VviC4Hs, VviCHIs, and VviFLSs were responsible for the anthocyanin-flavonol distribution patterns related to partitioned harvesting. The findings of this research provided a better understanding of vineyard precision management.

酚类物质是决定葡萄酒外观和口感的重要生物活性成分。葡萄酚类物质的生物合成对葡萄园的小气候条件非常敏感,这对葡萄园的精确管理有着深远的影响。本研究旨在阐明根据葡萄园树冠边进行分区采收对葡萄和葡萄酒酚含量的影响。我们在四个赤霞珠葡萄园进行了三季不同行向的平行田间试验。结果表明,葡萄园的行向直接影响了葡萄簇生区的温度-太阳辐射分布和光谱,最终影响了葡萄酚类物质。不同树冠位置的葡萄含糖量差异显著,这与葡萄树的光合作用能力有关。分区采收极大地改变了葡萄中花青素和黄酮醇的分布。树冠暴露面的葡萄和相应的葡萄酒比树冠遮蔽面的黄酮醇浓度高,而花青素的变化则与果穗区周围的温度-太阳辐射分布有关。通过回归模型,酰化花青素和以山奈酚为主的黄酮醇与行向有很高的显著相关性。热应力较大的树冠酿造的葡萄酒 pH 值较高,花青素含量较低。类黄酮途径基因(如 VviPALs、VviC4Hs、VviCHIs 和 VviFLSs)的不同表达导致了与分区采收相关的花青素-黄酮醇分布模式。这项研究的结果为葡萄园的精确管理提供了更好的理解。
{"title":"Partitioned harvesting based on vineyard row orientation revealed the nexus between intra-vineyard heterogeneity and polyphenol levels in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phenolics are essential bioactive components that determine the appearance and taste characteristics of wines. The biosynthesis of grape phenolics is sensitive to vineyard microclimate conditions, which profoundly affects vineyard precision management. This study aimed to clarify the effect of partitioned harvesting based on vineyard canopy sides on grape and wine phenol levels. Parallel field experiments were conducted in four Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards with different row orientations across three seasons. Results showed that vineyard row orientation directly affected temperature-solar radiation distribution and spectrum in the cluster zone, ultimately affecting grape phenolics. Grape sugar content varied significantly in various canopy positions, which were associated with the photosynthetic capacity of grapevines. Partitioned harvesting significantly altered the distribution of anthocyanins and flavonols in grapes. Grapes and corresponding wines from exposed canopy sides showed higher flavonol concentrations than the shaded canopies, while anthocyanins varied, which were associated with temperature-solar radiation distribution around the cluster zone. Acylated anthocyanins and kaempferol-based flavonols showed high and significant correlations with the row orientations through regression models. The canopies with more heat stress produced wines with higher pH and lower anthocyanin levels. The different expressions of flavonoid pathway genes, such as <em>VviPALs, VviC4Hs, VviCHIs,</em> and <em>VviFLSs</em> were responsible for the anthocyanin-flavonol distribution patterns related to partitioned harvesting. The findings of this research provided a better understanding of vineyard precision management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Scientia Horticulturae
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1