‘Docteur Jules Guyot’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) are harvested at a lower level of ripeness and must undergo a softening process before being ready for sale. The plant hormone auxin has varying effects across different species, however, the molecular mechanism by which auxin regulates the softening process of ‘Docteur Jules Guyot’ pear remains unclear. In this study, we treated post-harvest pear fruit with IAA and compared them with the control group. We observed that fruit firmness declined more rapidly in the IAA-treated group, with a corresponding rise in ethylene release compared to the control. Additionally, the IAA treatment increased both water-soluble and ionically soluble pectin while the content of covalently bound pectin decreased. This was accompanied by a significant enhancement in pectinase activity, in addition, through transcriptome analysis, we identified 15 pectinase-encoding genes and 16 candidate genes related to IAA. The results of gene expression and correlation analysis showed that IAA treatment induced the expression of PcGH3.1 and PcILL3, and these two genes exhibited a significant positive correlation with the pectinase encoding genes PcPG1, PcPG3, PcPL8, PcPL15, PcPL18, and PcPME63. Therefore, IAA treatment regulates the expression of multiple pectinase-encoding genes, which in turn enhances pectinase activity and accelerates the postharvest softening process in ‘Docteur Jules Guyot’ pear.
“Jules Guyot博士”的梨（Pyrus communis L.）在成熟程度较低的情况下收获，在准备出售之前必须经过软化过程。植物激素生长素在不同的物种中具有不同的作用，然而，生长素调节“Jules Guyot博士”梨软化过程的分子机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们用IAA处理采收后的梨果实，并与对照组进行比较。我们观察到，与对照相比，iaa处理组的果实硬度下降得更快，乙烯释放量相应增加。此外，IAA处理提高了水溶性果胶和离子可溶性果胶的含量，但降低了共价结合果胶的含量。此外，通过转录组分析，我们鉴定出了15个果胶酶编码基因和16个与IAA相关的候选基因。基因表达和相关性分析结果显示，IAA处理诱导了PcGH3.1和PcILL3的表达，这两个基因与果胶酶编码基因PcPG1、PcPG3、PcPL8、PcPL15、PcPL18和PcPME63呈显著正相关。因此，IAA处理可调控多种果胶酶编码基因的表达，从而提高果胶酶活性，加速‘dr . Jules Guyot’梨采后软化过程。
{"title":"IAA treatment accelerates post-harvest softening in ‘Docteur Jules Guyot’ pear via activation of pectinase-encoding genes","authors":"Xinxin Zhu, Xin Zhang, Xiaofei Xu, Fudong Jiang, Qingyu Li, Hongxia Zhang, Aidi Zhang, Jianzhao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113965","url":null,"abstract":"‘Docteur Jules Guyot’ pears (<ce:italic>Pyrus communis</ce:italic> L.) are harvested at a lower level of ripeness and must undergo a softening process before being ready for sale. The plant hormone auxin has varying effects across different species, however, the molecular mechanism by which auxin regulates the softening process of ‘Docteur Jules Guyot’ pear remains unclear. In this study, we treated post-harvest pear fruit with IAA and compared them with the control group. We observed that fruit firmness declined more rapidly in the IAA-treated group, with a corresponding rise in ethylene release compared to the control. Additionally, the IAA treatment increased both water-soluble and ionically soluble pectin while the content of covalently bound pectin decreased. This was accompanied by a significant enhancement in pectinase activity, in addition, through transcriptome analysis, we identified 15 pectinase-encoding genes and 16 candidate genes related to IAA. The results of gene expression and correlation analysis showed that IAA treatment induced the expression of <ce:italic>PcGH3.1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PcILL3</ce:italic>, and these two genes exhibited a significant positive correlation with the pectinase encoding genes <ce:italic>PcPG1, PcPG3, PcPL8, PcPL15, PcPL18</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>PcPME63</ce:italic>. Therefore, IAA treatment regulates the expression of multiple pectinase-encoding genes, which in turn enhances pectinase activity and accelerates the postharvest softening process in ‘Docteur Jules Guyot’ pear.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coconut is an important oil crop in tropical areas, and it plays various important roles in industry. Nitrogen is a crucial mineral nutrient for plant development, and the absorption and transport of nitrate nitrogen, facilitated by NRT1s have been extensively studied in various crops. However, research on nitrogen absorption and stress resistance mediated by the NRT1 gene family has not yet been undertaken in coconut. In this study, multiple bioinformatics tools were employed to identify 67 members of the NRT1 gene family in dwarf coconuts, which can be categorized into 8 subfamilies. The analysis also determined the NRT1 genes' molecular weight, chromosome distribution, subcellular localization, transmembrane structure, and conserved structural domains. In addition, it was discovered that the proline concentration in dwarf coconut leaves significantly increased after 8 h and 7 days of cold treatment. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis revealed that after 7 days of cold stress, the expression levels of the coconut CnNRT1 genes generally decreased significantly. This suggests that cold stress may inhibit the absorption and transport of nitrate nitrogen in coconuts. In a combined examination of tall and dwarf coconut varieties, it was observed that CnNRT1.5, CnNRT1.8, CnNRT1.13, and CnNRT1.17 genes responded promptly to cold stress signals after 8 h, showing heightened expression levels in various plant parts such as roots, stems, floral organs, and fruit peels. This observation suggests a potential involvement of nitrate nitrogen, regulated by CnNRT1 genes, in the coconut's ability to adapt to cold stress. This further suggests that nitrate nitrogen mediated by CnNRT1s may participate in the coconut's adaptation to cold stress. These results provide important foundational information for studying the function of NRT1 genes in coconuts and their research on the molecular mechanisms of coconut's cold tolerance.
{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of the NRT1 family members under cold stress in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)","authors":"Xiaomei Liu, Jing Li, Dan Luo, Hao Ding, Mengluo Zhang, Ping Gao, Ambreen Mehvish, Xiwei Sun, Chaoqun Tong, Qiufei Wu, Amjad Iqbal, Yaodong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113959","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut is an important oil crop in tropical areas, and it plays various important roles in industry. Nitrogen is a crucial mineral nutrient for plant development, and the absorption and transport of nitrate nitrogen, facilitated by <ce:italic>NRT1</ce:italic><ce:italic>s</ce:italic> have been extensively studied in various crops. However, research on nitrogen absorption and stress resistance mediated by the <ce:italic>NRT1</ce:italic> gene family has not yet been undertaken in coconut. In this study, multiple bioinformatics tools were employed to identify 67 members of the <ce:italic>NRT1</ce:italic> gene family in dwarf coconuts, which can be categorized into 8 subfamilies. The analysis also determined the <ce:italic>NRT1</ce:italic> genes' molecular weight, chromosome distribution, subcellular localization, transmembrane structure, and conserved structural domains. In addition, it was discovered that the proline concentration in dwarf coconut leaves significantly increased after 8 h and 7 days of cold treatment. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis revealed that after 7 days of cold stress, the expression levels of the coconut <ce:italic>CnNRT1</ce:italic> genes generally decreased significantly. This suggests that cold stress may inhibit the absorption and transport of nitrate nitrogen in coconuts. In a combined examination of tall and dwarf coconut varieties, it was observed that <ce:italic>CnNRT1.5, CnNRT1.8, CnNRT1.13</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CnNRT1.17</ce:italic> genes responded promptly to cold stress signals after 8 h, showing heightened expression levels in various plant parts such as roots, stems, floral organs, and fruit peels. This observation suggests a potential involvement of nitrate nitrogen, regulated by <ce:italic>CnNRT1</ce:italic> genes, in the coconut's ability to adapt to cold stress. This further suggests that nitrate nitrogen mediated by <ce:italic>CnNRT1</ce:italic><ce:italic>s</ce:italic> may participate in the coconut's adaptation to cold stress. These results provide important foundational information for studying the function of <ce:italic>NRT1</ce:italic> genes in coconuts and their research on the molecular mechanisms of coconut's cold tolerance.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging, highly virulent virus that seriously threatens global production of tomatoes and peppers. Following its initial discovery in Israel and subsequent isolation in Jordan, the virus has spread to more than 50 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. During the last few years, the virus has become a significant concern due to its ability to spread through various ways, including infected seeds, mechanical contact, pollinators like bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) and pests such as invasive tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta). Furthermore, the lack of commercially resistant varieties and the hurdle of disinfecting contaminated areas underscore the critical importance of addressing the threat posed by ToBRFV. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to explore genomic regions related to ToBRFV resistance and to identify accessions that could serve as a source of resistance. To achieve this, we evaluated 161 tomato accessions from Varitome collection and conducted Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) utilizing 8,265,571 SNPs, 2,735,297 INDELs, and 27,477 SVs. GWAS led to identification of six INDELs and eight SNPs associated with ToBRFV Disease Severity Index, and we identified 14 QTLs using FarmCPU, GLM, and BLINK models. Furthermore, we identified five tomato accessions that exhibit high resistance to ToBRFV, namely BGV006370, BGV007366, BGV012615 from Varitome collection, along with LA0716 and LA1777. The identified ToBRFV resistant accessions and genomic loci will aid in further finemapping QTLs controlling ToBRFV tolerance, which could be utilized to develop commercial cultivars with desired phenotypic performance.
{"title":"Deciphering resistance to Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) using Genome-Wide Association Studies","authors":"Yasin Topcu, Kubra Yildiz, Halim Can Kayikci, Serkan Aydin, Qian Feng, Manoj Sapkota","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113968","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging, highly virulent virus that seriously threatens global production of tomatoes and peppers. Following its initial discovery in Israel and subsequent isolation in Jordan, the virus has spread to more than 50 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. During the last few years, the virus has become a significant concern due to its ability to spread through various ways, including infected seeds, mechanical contact, pollinators like bumble bees (<ce:italic>Bombus terrestris</ce:italic>) and pests such as invasive tomato leafminer (<ce:italic>Tuta absoluta)</ce:italic>. Furthermore, the lack of commercially resistant varieties and the hurdle of disinfecting contaminated areas underscore the critical importance of addressing the threat posed by ToBRFV. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to explore genomic regions related to ToBRFV resistance and to identify accessions that could serve as a source of resistance. To achieve this, we evaluated 161 tomato accessions from Varitome collection and conducted Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) utilizing 8,265,571 SNPs, 2,735,297 INDELs, and 27,477 SVs. GWAS led to identification of six INDELs and eight SNPs associated with ToBRFV Disease Severity Index, and we identified 14 QTLs using FarmCPU, GLM, and BLINK models. Furthermore, we identified five tomato accessions that exhibit high resistance to ToBRFV, namely BGV006370, BGV007366, BGV012615 from Varitome collection, along with LA0716 and LA1777. The identified ToBRFV resistant accessions and genomic loci will aid in further finemapping QTLs controlling ToBRFV tolerance, which could be utilized to develop commercial cultivars with desired phenotypic performance.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113949
Yang Meng, Guoren He, Qiyu Zhang, Mengyi Wang, Yuxia Lou, Feng Ming
The complex architecture of plants, which has a profound impact on their productivity, is shaped by multiple factors, among which branching patterns play an important role. Phalaenopsis, with its exquisite floral beauty and abundant blooms, heavily depends on axillary buds for the development of its blossoms. This study involved the decapitation of Phalaenopsis, followed by a 14-day phase during which axillary buds at various developmental stages—pre-dormancy (S0), dormancy (S1), and dormancy release (S2)—selected for microscopic observation and RNA sequencing. The research revealed PeTB1 and PeTB2, members of the TCP class II CYC/TB1 clade, as a key regulator of axillary bud dormancy. The functional validation of these genes, achieved through Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), highlighted their essential and overlapping roles in the dormancy process. Intriguingly, during the dormancy release phase, a decrease in auxin levels within the axillary buds was observed, which could be attributed to the auxin efflux transporter PePIN1b. Furthermore, the application of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) expedited dormancy release, and transcriptome analysis identified PeSLR1, a key DELLA protein gene in the GA signaling pathway, as a key player. The silencing of PeSLR1 induced premature dormancy release in the axillary buds, reinforcing its regulatory importance. Notably, PeTB1, PeTB2, and PeSLR1 demonstrated complex interactions both in vivo and in vitro. Particularly, PeTB1 and PeTB2 suppressed the expression of PePIN1b, an auxin transporter gene, and PeSLR1 amplified this inhibitory effect of PeTB1. The mechanism of axillary bud dormancy in Phalaenopsis offers a theoretical basis for enhancing traits in Phalaenopsis production.
{"title":"PeTB1/2 and PeSLR1 mediate the mechanism of PePIN1b involved in axillary bud dormancy in Phalaenopsis","authors":"Yang Meng, Guoren He, Qiyu Zhang, Mengyi Wang, Yuxia Lou, Feng Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113949","url":null,"abstract":"The complex architecture of plants, which has a profound impact on their productivity, is shaped by multiple factors, among which branching patterns play an important role. <ce:italic>Phalaenopsis</ce:italic>, with its exquisite floral beauty and abundant blooms, heavily depends on axillary buds for the development of its blossoms. This study involved the decapitation of <ce:italic>Phalaenopsis</ce:italic>, followed by a 14-day phase during which axillary buds at various developmental stages—pre-dormancy (S0), dormancy (S1), and dormancy release (S2)—selected for microscopic observation and RNA sequencing. The research revealed <ce:italic>PeTB1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PeTB2</ce:italic>, members of the TCP class II CYC/TB1 clade, as a key regulator of axillary bud dormancy. The functional validation of these genes, achieved through Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), highlighted their essential and overlapping roles in the dormancy process. Intriguingly, during the dormancy release phase, a decrease in auxin levels within the axillary buds was observed, which could be attributed to the auxin efflux transporter PePIN1b. Furthermore, the application of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) expedited dormancy release, and transcriptome analysis identified <ce:italic>PeSLR1</ce:italic>, a key DELLA protein gene in the GA signaling pathway, as a key player. The silencing of <ce:italic>PeSLR1</ce:italic> induced premature dormancy release in the axillary buds, reinforcing its regulatory importance. Notably, PeTB1, PeTB2, and PeSLR1 demonstrated complex interactions both <ce:italic>in vivo</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic>. Particularly, PeTB1 and PeTB2 suppressed the expression of <ce:italic>PePIN1b</ce:italic>, an auxin transporter gene, and PeSLR1 amplified this inhibitory effect of PeTB1. The mechanism of axillary bud dormancy in <ce:italic>Phalaenopsis</ce:italic> offers a theoretical basis for enhancing traits in <ce:italic>Phalaenopsis</ce:italic> production.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113961
Jiaju Wu, Danhui Liu, Hafiz Muhammad Wariss, Hongxiang Zhang, Mengxu Su, Wenjun Li, Zhanjiang Han
Allium galanthum Kar. et Kir. is a significant wild edible plant species that plays an important role in food security and the breeding of onion (Allium cepa L.). In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, and core collection construction of 129 A. galanthum individuals from six different populations in Xinjiang, China, using 58,993 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites through the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method. The minor allele frequency (MAF), inbreeding coefficient (Fis), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and nucleotide diversity (Pi) were calculated as 0.1054, -0.0940, 0.1709, 0.1586, and 0.1594, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and population structure analyses divided A. galanthum individuals into two subgroups: POP1, which included 85 individuals (65.9 % of the total), and POP2, which comprised 44 individuals (34.1 %). The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated that the genetic diversity of POP1 was greater than that of POP2. Subsequently, a core collection of 21 samples was constructed, which retained over 98 % of the genetic diversity of the entire collection. Phylogenetic tree and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results showed that the diversity parameters of the core collection were not significantly different from those of the original collection. These findings reveal the genetic diversity and population structure of A. galanthum, which are crucial for the conservation and management of A. galanthum germplasm.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and construction of core collection provides new insight for the conservation of edible Allium galanthum in Xinjiang","authors":"Jiaju Wu, Danhui Liu, Hafiz Muhammad Wariss, Hongxiang Zhang, Mengxu Su, Wenjun Li, Zhanjiang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113961","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Allium galanthum</ce:italic> Kar. et Kir. is a significant wild edible plant species that plays an important role in food security and the breeding of onion (<ce:italic>Allium cepa</ce:italic> L.). In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, and core collection construction of 129 <ce:italic>A. galanthum</ce:italic> individuals from six different populations in Xinjiang, China, using 58,993 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites through the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method. The minor allele frequency (MAF), inbreeding coefficient (Fis), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and nucleotide diversity (Pi) were calculated as 0.1054, -0.0940, 0.1709, 0.1586, and 0.1594, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and population structure analyses divided <ce:italic>A. galanthum</ce:italic> individuals into two subgroups: POP1, which included 85 individuals (65.9 % of the total), and POP2, which comprised 44 individuals (34.1 %). The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated that the genetic diversity of POP1 was greater than that of POP2. Subsequently, a core collection of 21 samples was constructed, which retained over 98 % of the genetic diversity of the entire collection. Phylogenetic tree and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results showed that the diversity parameters of the core collection were not significantly different from those of the original collection. These findings reveal the genetic diversity and population structure of <ce:italic>A. galanthum</ce:italic>, which are crucial for the conservation and management of <ce:italic>A. galanthum</ce:italic> germplasm.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a copper-containing enzyme encoded by nuclear genes, is widely found in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. In the presence of oxygen, PPO catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic compounds in plants, leading to the formation of quinones that subsequently polymerize to produce melanin. This process ultimately results in enzymatic browning, which adversely affects the organoleptic quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. To achieve a comprehensive and systematic understanding of PPOs, this paper reviews various aspects of PPO, concluding its protein structure, physicochemical properties, physiological functions (such as stress response mechanisms), the correlation between PPO activity and enzymatic browning, as well as strategies to alleviate browning by inhibiting PPO activity. Additionally, we discuss strategies to enhance PPO activity to help plants in coping with unfavorable growth conditions. Furthermore, we provide insights into future research directions for PPO. In conclusion, this comprehensive summary of the biological functions of PPO aims to establish a theoretical foundation for future plant research on plant stress tolerance and fruit quality.
{"title":"Revisiting the advancements in plant polyphenol oxidases research.","authors":"Hui Zou, Qian Xiao, Guoce Li, Xiaoyu Wei, Xiaocheng Tian, Lingcheng Zhu, Fengwang Ma, Mingjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113960","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a copper-containing enzyme encoded by nuclear genes, is widely found in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. In the presence of oxygen, PPO catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic compounds in plants, leading to the formation of quinones that subsequently polymerize to produce melanin. This process ultimately results in enzymatic browning, which adversely affects the organoleptic quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. To achieve a comprehensive and systematic understanding of PPOs, this paper reviews various aspects of PPO, concluding its protein structure, physicochemical properties, physiological functions (such as stress response mechanisms), the correlation between PPO activity and enzymatic browning, as well as strategies to alleviate browning by inhibiting PPO activity. Additionally, we discuss strategies to enhance PPO activity to help plants in coping with unfavorable growth conditions. Furthermore, we provide insights into future research directions for PPO. In conclusion, this comprehensive summary of the biological functions of PPO aims to establish a theoretical foundation for future plant research on plant stress tolerance and fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficacy of chitosan-based edible coatings (EC) in enhancing postharvest quality and extending the shelf life of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) is thoroughly investigated in this study. Six EC treatments (T2-T7) containing either chitosan alone/lemongrass essential oil (LEO), and/or citric/ ascorbic acids were applied to OFSP and stored under controlled atmospheric conditions (20 °C, 75 ± 5 % RH) for 28-day period along with an uncoated sample (T1). The samples were analysed weekly for the changes in physicochemical properties (weight loss, colour and texture), total phenolic content (Folin assay), antioxidant capacity (TEAC), bioactive components (HPLC) and microbial load. The results showed that T5 (chitosan/LEOs) and T7 (chitosan/LEOs/ascorbic/citric acid) coatings were particularly effective. T5 exhibited the least weight loss (5.65 %), while T1 (uncoated samples) recorded the greatest weight loss (13.23 %) by day 28. The main phenolic compounds identified in OFSP samples were 4-Caffeoylquinic Acid (4-CQA) and 3,5-Caffeoylquinic Acid (3,5-diCQA). At the end of the storage period, T5 displayed the highest TPC of 3.33 mg GAE g-1, while T7 recorded the highest β-carotene content (0.72 ± 0.09 mg g⁻¹) and were significantly different from uncoated samples (p < 0.05), suggesting the role of chitosan/ antioxidants in the stability of bioactive compounds. ECs especially T5 and T7 displayed strong antimicrobial properties, which were demonstrated by their significant reduction of mesophilic bacterial counts compared to the control (p < 0.05). This work establishes a basis for developing bioactive coatings for preserving the quality and safety of OFSP, contributing to improved food security and nutritional outcomes.
{"title":"Investigation of functional additives in chitosan-based edible coatings and their impact on physicochemical, bioactive, and microbial stability of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) during storage","authors":"Rohan Rama Krishnan, Keya Himanshu Patel, Abdulhakeem Dapo Olasupo, Chikere Nkwonta, Islamiyat Folashade Bolarinwa, Moruf Olanrewaju Oke, Xiafei Xu, Jingwen Wu, Andrea Yong, Ping Li, Ziqi Liang, Idolo Ifie","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113956","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of chitosan-based edible coatings (EC) in enhancing postharvest quality and extending the shelf life of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) is thoroughly investigated in this study. Six EC treatments (T2-T7) containing either chitosan alone/lemongrass essential oil (LEO), and/or citric/ ascorbic acids were applied to OFSP and stored under controlled atmospheric conditions (20 °C, 75 ± 5 % RH) for 28-day period along with an uncoated sample (T1). The samples were analysed weekly for the changes in physicochemical properties (weight loss, colour and texture), total phenolic content (Folin assay), antioxidant capacity (TEAC), bioactive components (HPLC) and microbial load. The results showed that T5 (chitosan/LEOs) and T7 (chitosan/LEOs/ascorbic/citric acid) coatings were particularly effective. T5 exhibited the least weight loss (5.65 %), while T1 (uncoated samples) recorded the greatest weight loss (13.23 %) by day 28. The main phenolic compounds identified in OFSP samples were 4-Caffeoylquinic Acid (4-CQA) and 3,5-Caffeoylquinic Acid (3,5-diCQA). At the end of the storage period, T5 displayed the highest TPC of 3.33 mg GAE g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>, while T7 recorded the highest β-carotene content (0.72 ± 0.09 mg g⁻¹) and were significantly different from uncoated samples (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05), suggesting the role of chitosan/ antioxidants in the stability of bioactive compounds. ECs especially T5 and T7 displayed strong antimicrobial properties, which were demonstrated by their significant reduction of mesophilic bacterial counts compared to the control (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05). This work establishes a basis for developing bioactive coatings for preserving the quality and safety of OFSP, contributing to improved food security and nutritional outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113927
Fengnong Chen, You Li, Hongwei Sun, Qiquan Wei, Chunhao Fang, Xin Lin, Ye Li, Zhaoqing Chen, Hongze Lin, Zhenxin Cao
Post-harvest quality grading plays a crucial role in further enhancing the market competitiveness of cut roses. One of the key tasks of post-harvest cut flower grading is defect detection. This study proposes a method for identifying rose cut flower damage based on deep learning technology. This method first sets up a cut flower image acquisition system and establishes a petal damage dataset and a bent head flower dataset. For petal damage, this study makes lightweight improvements to the YOLOv5 model and uses the improved YOLOv5 model to identify petal damage, achieving an APobj of 92.1 %. In comparison with other models, the improved YOLOv5 model also has excellent accuracy and fewer parameters. For bent flowers, this study makes lightweight improvements to the HRNet model and uses the improved HRNet to identify the position of the flower's center. The improved HRNet has a decrease in recognition accuracy, but the number of parameters is significantly reduced compared to the original model. After obtaining the position of the flower's center, it is judged whether it is a bent flower according to the best distance threshold obtained through the training set data. The average damage recognition accuracy of the final rose cut flowers is 97.9 %. In conclusion, the proposed method in this study can effectively identify petal damage and bend flower in cut roses, and it can also provide new ideas and technical means for the quality detection of cut roses.
{"title":"Petal damage and bent flower detection method of rose cut flowers based on computer vision","authors":"Fengnong Chen, You Li, Hongwei Sun, Qiquan Wei, Chunhao Fang, Xin Lin, Ye Li, Zhaoqing Chen, Hongze Lin, Zhenxin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113927","url":null,"abstract":"Post-harvest quality grading plays a crucial role in further enhancing the market competitiveness of cut roses. One of the key tasks of post-harvest cut flower grading is defect detection. This study proposes a method for identifying rose cut flower damage based on deep learning technology. This method first sets up a cut flower image acquisition system and establishes a petal damage dataset and a bent head flower dataset. For petal damage, this study makes lightweight improvements to the YOLOv5 model and uses the improved YOLOv5 model to identify petal damage, achieving an <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>o</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> of 92.1 %. In comparison with other models, the improved YOLOv5 model also has excellent accuracy and fewer parameters. For bent flowers, this study makes lightweight improvements to the HRNet model and uses the improved HRNet to identify the position of the flower's center. The improved HRNet has a decrease in recognition accuracy, but the number of parameters is significantly reduced compared to the original model. After obtaining the position of the flower's center, it is judged whether it is a bent flower according to the best distance threshold obtained through the training set data. The average damage recognition accuracy of the final rose cut flowers is 97.9 %. In conclusion, the proposed method in this study can effectively identify petal damage and bend flower in cut roses, and it can also provide new ideas and technical means for the quality detection of cut roses.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is one of the traditional famous flowers in China, which has high ornamental and medicinal value. In order to meet the needs of modern large-scale production of P. lactiflora and the development of new variety breeding work, we used P. lactiflora seed embryos as experimental materials to study the embryo germination of P. lactiflora, the induction, proliferation and rooting of multiple shoots, in order to establish an efficient and stable regeneration system of P. lactiflora. Our research outcomes demonstrated that the embryos could effectively germinate in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with gibberellin 3 (GA3) and 6-benzyleaminopurine (6-BA), achieving a germination rate of up to 91.11 %. Direct seedling formation from P. lactiflora embryos was achievable in 1/2 MS medium enriched with 6-BA, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and GA3, with the highest seedling rate reaching 67.78 %. The induction of multiple shoots in P. lactiflora was facilitated by the use of Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing 6-BA, GA3, and 30 g/L sucrose, resulting in an induction rate of 96.67 %. The proliferation of these shoots was further enhanced by incorporating gibberellin 3 (GA3), 6-benzyleaminopurine (6-BA), and 30 g/L glucose into the WPM medium, resulting in a proliferation coefficient of 3.48. Effective rooting was achieved by adding indolebutyric acid (IBA) and activated carbon (AC) to the WPM medium, with a rooting rate of 73.33 %. In summary, our system improved the induction and rooting of multiple shoots of P. lactiflora by refining the basal medium, plant growth regulators, and carbon sources. This has led to the establishment of an efficient and stable regeneration system for P. lactiflora, providing a solid foundation for subsequent genetic transformation research.
{"title":"Optimization strategy for establishing an efficient mature embryo reproduction system of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.","authors":"Rujie Xin, Yaohong Song, Xinzhuo Zhang, Xuening Kang, Xiaoqing Zhou, Wenhui Song, Shixin Guan, Xiaomei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113952","url":null,"abstract":"Herbaceous peony (<ce:italic>Paeonia lactiflora</ce:italic> Pall.) is one of the traditional famous flowers in China, which has high ornamental and medicinal value. In order to meet the needs of modern large-scale production of <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic> and the development of new variety breeding work, we used <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic> seed embryos as experimental materials to study the embryo germination of <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic>, the induction, proliferation and rooting of multiple shoots, in order to establish an efficient and stable regeneration system of <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic>. Our research outcomes demonstrated that the embryos could effectively germinate in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with gibberellin 3 (GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) and 6-benzyleaminopurine (6-BA), achieving a germination rate of up to 91.11 %. Direct seedling formation from <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic> embryos was achievable in 1/2 MS medium enriched with 6-BA, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, with the highest seedling rate reaching 67.78 %. The induction of multiple shoots in <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic> was facilitated by the use of Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing 6-BA, GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, and 30 g/L sucrose, resulting in an induction rate of 96.67 %. The proliferation of these shoots was further enhanced by incorporating gibberellin 3 (GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>), 6-benzyleaminopurine (6-BA), and 30 g/L glucose into the WPM medium, resulting in a proliferation coefficient of 3.48. Effective rooting was achieved by adding indolebutyric acid (IBA) and activated carbon (AC) to the WPM medium, with a rooting rate of 73.33 %. In summary, our system improved the induction and rooting of multiple shoots of <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic> by refining the basal medium, plant growth regulators, and carbon sources. This has led to the establishment of an efficient and stable regeneration system for <ce:italic>P. lactiflora</ce:italic>, providing a solid foundation for subsequent genetic transformation research.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distinctive morphology and flavor of watercored apples have drawn significant interest, yet the molecular mechanisms differentiating watercored and non-watercored tissues remain unclear. This study investigates the pathways involved in apple watercore formation by integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data. Our findings revealed that sugar metabolism was prioritized enriched in watercored apple, including highly accumulated sorbitol. Up-regulated expression of sorbitol dehydrogenase showed no relationship between its activity and watercore formation. Watercore induced up-regulated expression levels of sucrose synthesis-related genes (e.g., sucrose-phosphate phosphatase), whereas it inhibited the expression of glucose decomposition-related genes (hexokinase). Additionally, significantly higher calcium content was detected in watercored apples. Furthermore, plant-pathogen interaction was down-regulated. Watercore was also associated with the expression level of genes related to defense and cold stress. These findings offer new insights into the molecular basis of watercore, laying the groundwork for targeted postharvest interventions to improve apple quality and storage resilience.
{"title":"Metabolite accumulation pathway of watercore in apple fruit: An integrative transcriptome and metabolome analysis","authors":"Yongli Jiang, Maiqi Zhang, Xinyi Yin, Zhijia Liu, Linyan Zhou, Xiaosong Hu, Junjie Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113954","url":null,"abstract":"The distinctive morphology and flavor of watercored apples have drawn significant interest, yet the molecular mechanisms differentiating watercored and non-watercored tissues remain unclear. This study investigates the pathways involved in apple watercore formation by integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data. Our findings revealed that sugar metabolism was prioritized enriched in watercored apple, including highly accumulated sorbitol. Up-regulated expression of sorbitol dehydrogenase showed no relationship between its activity and watercore formation. Watercore induced up-regulated expression levels of sucrose synthesis-related genes (e.g., sucrose-phosphate phosphatase), whereas it inhibited the expression of glucose decomposition-related genes (hexokinase). Additionally, significantly higher calcium content was detected in watercored apples. Furthermore, plant-pathogen interaction was down-regulated. Watercore was also associated with the expression level of genes related to defense and cold stress. These findings offer new insights into the molecular basis of watercore, laying the groundwork for targeted postharvest interventions to improve apple quality and storage resilience.","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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