Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113672
Endophytes are a group of microorganisms that exist in various tissues, and organs of plants and are not harmful to plants. In this study, we treated artificially injured 'Nanguo' pear with the endophyte Rhodococcus sp. FY-5 from Ginkgo biloba, and explored the effects of different treatments on the wound healing of 'Nanguo' pear by observing the population dynamics of the bacterial strains at the wound. The results showed that Ginkgo biloba endophyte Rhodococcus sp. FY-5 was able to stabilize the colonization at the fruit wounds, and the 'Nanguo' pear was treated with Ginkgo biloba endophyte Rhodococcus sp. FY-5 had higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), which promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds, maintained high antioxidant activity, and activated the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle to inhibit the mechanical damage-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the treatment of Ginkgo biloba endophyte Rhodococcus sp. FY-5 inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which effectively alleviated the browning response of 'Nanguo' pear after mechanical damage. In conclusion, the Ginkgo biloba endophyte Rhodococcus sp. FY-5 could promote the healing of 'Nanguo' pear wounds by regulating the phenylpropane metabolism and the necrotic acid-glutathione cycle in 'Nanguo' pear wounds.
{"title":"Ginkgo biloba endophyte Rhodococcus sp. FY-5 promotes wound healing in 'Nanguo' Pear by regulating the AsA-GSH cycle and phenylpropane metabolism","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endophytes are a group of microorganisms that exist in various tissues, and organs of plants and are not harmful to plants. In this study, we treated artificially injured 'Nanguo' pear with the endophyte <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. FY-5 from Ginkgo biloba, and explored the effects of different treatments on the wound healing of 'Nanguo' pear by observing the population dynamics of the bacterial strains at the wound. The results showed that Ginkgo biloba endophyte <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. FY-5 was able to stabilize the colonization at the fruit wounds, and the 'Nanguo' pear was treated with Ginkgo biloba endophyte <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. FY-5 had higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), which promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds, maintained high antioxidant activity, and activated the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle to inhibit the mechanical damage-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the treatment of Ginkgo biloba endophyte <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. FY-5 inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which effectively alleviated the browning response of 'Nanguo' pear after mechanical damage. In conclusion, the Ginkgo biloba endophyte <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. FY-5 could promote the healing of 'Nanguo' pear wounds by regulating the phenylpropane metabolism and the necrotic acid-glutathione cycle in 'Nanguo' pear wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113673
The need for a lengthy maturation period is a key factor that reduces the market value of hot peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). A study was performed to assess the effects of the red (R)/blue (B)/white (W) qualities of light at reducing the period of maturation and changes in the metabolites of hot peppers. The use of the 4R:1B:5W group produced the optimal parameter of light qualities, which resulted in a higher percentage of red fruits, earlier seed development and a shorter maturation period. Additional research showed that the reduction in the period of maturation is closely related to the stage from seed to flowering owing to observation of the need for more days to complete the stage in all the groups. A combined analysis of the transcriptome-metabolome in the hot pepper flowers showed that the purple flowers in the 4R:1B:5W group were associated with an increase in the contents of flavonoids, particularly vitexin and cyanin, which are regulated by various metabolites, such as p-coumaroyl quinic acid, taxifolin, and quercetin among others. Increased levels of the total organic acids and phenolics, as shown by the decrease in the contents of total amino acids and carbohydrates also play a key role in the development of flowers in the 4R:1B:5W group. This may be closely related to the plant hormones induced by the quality of light. Ethylene responsive factors, particularly ERF021, were identified as potential hub regulators during the development of flowers owing to their involvement in all the associated metabolic pathways. This finding will provide key insights to improve the commercial value of hot peppers.
{"title":"Effect of different light emitting diode (LED) light quality parameters on the maturation period and development of flowers in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for a lengthy maturation period is a key factor that reduces the market value of hot peppers (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.). A study was performed to assess the effects of the red (R)/blue (B)/white (W) qualities of light at reducing the period of maturation and changes in the metabolites of hot peppers. The use of the 4R:1B:5W group produced the optimal parameter of light qualities, which resulted in a higher percentage of red fruits, earlier seed development and a shorter maturation period. Additional research showed that the reduction in the period of maturation is closely related to the stage from seed to flowering owing to observation of the need for more days to complete the stage in all the groups. A combined analysis of the transcriptome-metabolome in the hot pepper flowers showed that the purple flowers in the 4R:1B:5W group were associated with an increase in the contents of flavonoids, particularly vitexin and cyanin, which are regulated by various metabolites, such as <em>p</em>-coumaroyl quinic acid, taxifolin, and quercetin among others. Increased levels of the total organic acids and phenolics, as shown by the decrease in the contents of total amino acids and carbohydrates also play a key role in the development of flowers in the 4R:1B:5W group. This may be closely related to the plant hormones induced by the quality of light. Ethylene responsive factors, particularly <em>ERF021</em>, were identified as potential hub regulators during the development of flowers owing to their involvement in all the associated metabolic pathways. This finding will provide key insights to improve the commercial value of hot peppers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113671
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is the most economically important pest of the olive tree; the fly prefers some cultivars over others, although the reason for this is still unclear. Current research results indicate that volatile compounds of the olive tree have a greater influence on the fly's attraction to a host plant than the physical parameters of the olive fruit. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of the olive fruit fly infestation and the volatiles released by the olive leaves and fruits of three cultivars with similar physical fruit parameters, grown in the same olive grove. Lastovka, Frantoio and Leccino cultivars were studied, HS-SPME/GC–MS was performed to determine the profile of volatiles in leaves and fruits and to investigate the relationship between volatiles and the olive fruit fly infestation. Frantoio was the olive cultivar with the highest infestation by the olive fruit fly (39.66 %), followed by Leccino (24 %) and Lastovka (5 %). Among total number of volatiles identified in the study (55), more were detected in the fruits (37) than in the leaves (26). Saturated hydrocarbons and terpenes were the most abundant volatile groups in the fruits, while terpenes were found the most abundant in the leaves. The amounts of (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene and heneicosane were highest in the olive fruits of all cultivars tested. Heneicosane and eicosane were mainly released from ripe fruits and strongly correlated with the degree of infestation with the olive fruit fly. In addition, henicosane was the most abundant volatile compound in ripe fruits, along with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol. Therefore, the results of the study suggest that fruit-derived volatiles have the greatest impact on the attraction of the olive fruit fly. The use of plant volatiles as attractants could be an effective tool for the sustainable control of olive trees to reduce the damage caused by the olive fruit fly while avoiding negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity.
{"title":"The relationship between the degree of infestation with Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the volatiles released by the olive canopy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The olive fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera oleae</em> (Rossi), is the most economically important pest of the olive tree; the fly prefers some cultivars over others, although the reason for this is still unclear. Current research results indicate that volatile compounds of the olive tree have a greater influence on the fly's attraction to a host plant than the physical parameters of the olive fruit. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of the olive fruit fly infestation and the volatiles released by the olive leaves and fruits of three cultivars with similar physical fruit parameters, grown in the same olive grove. Lastovka, Frantoio and Leccino cultivars were studied, HS-SPME/GC–MS was performed to determine the profile of volatiles in leaves and fruits and to investigate the relationship between volatiles and the olive fruit fly infestation. Frantoio was the olive cultivar with the highest infestation by the olive fruit fly (39.66 %), followed by Leccino (24 %) and Lastovka (5 %). Among total number of volatiles identified in the study (55), more were detected in the fruits (37) than in the leaves (26). Saturated hydrocarbons and terpenes were the most abundant volatile groups in the fruits, while terpenes were found the most abundant in the leaves. The amounts of (<em>E</em>)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene and heneicosane were highest in the olive fruits of all cultivars tested. Heneicosane and eicosane were mainly released from ripe fruits and strongly correlated with the degree of infestation with the olive fruit fly. In addition, henicosane was the most abundant volatile compound in ripe fruits, along with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol. Therefore, the results of the study suggest that fruit-derived volatiles have the greatest impact on the attraction of the olive fruit fly. The use of plant volatiles as attractants could be an effective tool for the sustainable control of olive trees to reduce the damage caused by the olive fruit fly while avoiding negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113669
In this study, postharvest behavioural dynamics among 52 diverse chilli genotypes was observed during storage (15°C) to discriminate and cluster them in accordance to their inherent responses. Fruit weight, size, weight loss, colour change, firmness, capsaicin, chlorophyll, carotenoids (red and yellow fractions), moisture content and purchase preference were recorded. Significant differences were observed among genotypes. A2 x IIVRC 18057 and IIVRC 18093 registered minimum (24.4 %) and maximum (71.7 %) weight loss, respectively at the end of storage. In all genotypes, moisture content declined with storage. Genotype dependent inverse relationship between capsaicin content at green and red stage was observed (r= -0.51). Firmness ranged between highest (4.65 N) in IIVRC 22100 on day zero, to lowest (0.14 N) in A3 x F5–112 on day 10. IIVRC 18131, Kashi Surkh, and IIVRC 18160 showed higher firmness. The loss of smooth glossy appearance, colour change and carotenoids accumulation showed variable responses during storage. Minimum colour changes were observed in IC119455, IC114957, IC119326, IC119327, EC 578666, IIVRC 18093, IIVRC 23002 and IIVRC 20005. Chlorophyll ranged between 68.63 µg/g fw (Pusa Jwala) to 270.61 µg/g fw (Kashi Gaurav) initially. Chemometric analysis using clustering and principal component analysis was performed. IIVRC 18093 and IIVRC 18253 were found most distant and can be utilized in breeding. IIVRC 18057 clearly indicated consumer liking in preference ranking test over other genotypes on final day. Overall, inherent diversity pointed the potential for careful selection of specific genotypes for definite breeding, consumer acceptability, marketing and storability strategies.
{"title":"Exploring changes in texture, colour, pungency and storability in diverse chilli genotypes for discriminating behaviour beyond harvest","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, postharvest behavioural dynamics among 52 diverse chilli genotypes was observed during storage (15°C) to discriminate and cluster them in accordance to their inherent responses. Fruit weight, size, weight loss, colour change, firmness, capsaicin, chlorophyll, carotenoids (red and yellow fractions), moisture content and purchase preference were recorded. Significant differences were observed among genotypes. A2 x IIVRC 18057 and IIVRC 18093 registered minimum (24.4 %) and maximum (71.7 %) weight loss, respectively at the end of storage. In all genotypes, moisture content declined with storage. Genotype dependent inverse relationship between capsaicin content at green and red stage was observed (<em>r</em>= -0.51). Firmness ranged between highest (4.65 N) in IIVRC 22100 on day zero, to lowest (0.14 N) in A3 x F5–112 on day 10. IIVRC 18131, Kashi Surkh, and IIVRC 18160 showed higher firmness. The loss of smooth glossy appearance, colour change and carotenoids accumulation showed variable responses during storage. Minimum colour changes were observed in IC119455, IC114957, IC119326, IC119327, EC 578666, IIVRC 18093, IIVRC 23002 and IIVRC 20005. Chlorophyll ranged between 68.63 µg/g fw (Pusa Jwala) to 270.61 µg/g fw (Kashi Gaurav) initially. Chemometric analysis using clustering and principal component analysis was performed. IIVRC 18093 and IIVRC 18253 were found most distant and can be utilized in breeding. IIVRC 18057 clearly indicated consumer liking in preference ranking test over other genotypes on final day. Overall, inherent diversity pointed the potential for careful selection of specific genotypes for definite breeding, consumer acceptability, marketing and storability strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113674
Female sterility is one of the keys determining seedlessness formation in citrus. However, the molecular basis for female sterility in citrus is still far from fully understood. In the present study, differentially expressed genes were identified in sexual organs of ‘Meiguicheng’ orange (Citrus sinensis) and its seedless mutant, candidate genes were then verified by RT-PCR, live-cell imaging technique and physiological biochemistry. Using high-throughput sequencing, 96 and 710 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were captured in the ovaries and anthers, respectively, during megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis (Ph1). The number of DEGs in ovaries and anthers increased to 325 and 1760, respectively, post gametophyte abortion (Ph2). GO analysis and non-structural carbohydrates determination displayed that disturbances to starch and sucrose metabolism in anthers were responsible for male sterility. In Ph1 ovaries, five DEGs were enriched in reproduction process, one of which (Cs7g06410) was also involved in signaling. Whereas in Ph2 ovaries, eight DEGs were enriched in reproductive process, accompanied with four other DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction. PlantTFDB prediction indicated that, in the ovary, four transcription factors (TFs) at Ph1 were differentially expressed. Our findings displayed that Cs2g16620 (PIN1), Cs7g06410 (NPH3), and Cs3g23070 (MYB) might play pivotal roles in citrus female sterility through manipulating auxin transport and accumulation within the ovules, providing potential genes for further investigations on female gametophyte development and transgenic breeding in citrus.
{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis between ‘Meiguicheng’ (Citrus sinensis) and its seedless mutant during early sexual organs development","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Female sterility is one of the keys determining seedlessness formation in citrus. However, the molecular basis for female sterility in citrus is still far from fully understood. In the present study, differentially expressed genes were identified in sexual organs of ‘Meiguicheng’ orange (<em>Citrus sinensis</em>) and its seedless mutant, candidate genes were then verified by RT-PCR, live-cell imaging technique and physiological biochemistry. Using high-throughput sequencing, 96 and 710 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were captured in the ovaries and anthers, respectively, during megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis (Ph1). The number of DEGs in ovaries and anthers increased to 325 and 1760, respectively, post gametophyte abortion (Ph2). GO analysis and non-structural carbohydrates determination displayed that disturbances to starch and sucrose metabolism in anthers were responsible for male sterility. In Ph1 ovaries, five DEGs were enriched in reproduction process, one of which (<em>Cs7g06410</em>) was also involved in signaling. Whereas in Ph2 ovaries, eight DEGs were enriched in reproductive process, accompanied with four other DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction. PlantTFDB prediction indicated that, in the ovary, four transcription factors (TFs) at Ph1 were differentially expressed. Our findings displayed that <em>Cs2g16620</em> (<em>PIN1</em>)<em>, Cs7g06410</em> (<em>NPH3</em>), and <em>Cs3g23070</em> (<em>MYB</em>) might play pivotal roles in citrus female sterility through manipulating auxin transport and accumulation within the ovules, providing potential genes for further investigations on female gametophyte development and transgenic breeding in citrus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113662
Low temperatures can affect plant growth and geographical distribution. This study identified an MYB transcription factor, which is a positive regulator of chilling tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), designated SlMYB1R1. The germination vigor and radicle lengths of overexpression SlMYB1R1 (SlMYB1R1OE) lines were significantly higher than those of the wild-type (Micro-Tom; MT) lines during germination. The leaf angle and leaf length of SlMYB1R1OE plants were significantly greater than those of MT plants. Furthermore, the expression of SlMYB1R1 was induced by cold stress. The degree of wilting was lower in SlMYB1R1OE plants than in MT plants under chilling stress. Overexpression of SlMYB1R1 in tomatoes resulted in low relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and reactive oxygen levels. The activities of peroxidase and catalase in SlMYB1R1OE plants were higher than those in MT plants after chilling stress. During cold stress, the transcriptional levels of the four cold-related genes were higher in SlMYB1R1OE lines than in MT plants. These results show that SlMYB1R1 plays key roles in tolerance to chilling stress in tomato.
{"title":"Overexpression of SlMYB1R1 improves chilling stress tolerance in tomato","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperatures can affect plant growth and geographical distribution. This study identified an MYB transcription factor, which is a positive regulator of chilling tolerance in tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>), designated <em>SlMYB1R1</em>. The germination vigor and radicle lengths of overexpression <em>SlMYB1R1</em> (<em>SlMYB1R1OE</em>) lines were significantly higher than those of the wild-type (Micro-Tom; MT) lines during germination. The leaf angle and leaf length of <em>SlMYB1R1OE</em> plants were significantly greater than those of MT plants. Furthermore, the expression of <em>SlMYB1R1</em> was induced by cold stress. The degree of wilting was lower in <em>SlMYB1R1OE</em> plants than in MT plants under chilling stress. Overexpression of <em>SlMYB1R1</em> in tomatoes resulted in low relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and reactive oxygen levels. The activities of peroxidase and catalase in <em>SlMYB1R1OE</em> plants were higher than those in MT plants after chilling stress. During cold stress, the transcriptional levels of the four cold-related genes were higher in <em>SlMYB1R1OE</em> lines than in MT plants. These results show that <em>SlMYB1R1</em> plays key roles in tolerance to chilling stress in tomato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113663
In conventional agricultural practices, pesticides are applied to protect crops from harmful insect pests; however, pervasive usage in high-yield crop systems poses a significant risk to the viability and sustainability of agroecosystems. Agricultural output may be adversely affected by pesticide deposition in the soil as it affects biochemical interactions between plants and soil. Pesticides cause oxidative stress by blocking physiological and biochemical pathways and disrupting the photosynthetic machinery of plants. When exposed to abiotic challenges, plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroids (BR), and 24-epibrassinolides (EBL) reduce pesticide toxicity by strengthening antioxidant defence mechanisms and enhancing tolerance to stressful conditions. By modulating a variety of physio-biochemical mechanisms, PGRs reduce pesticide toxicity in intact plants. Furthermore, PGRs eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inducing antioxidant enzyme production. Pesticide residues in plant compartments are reduced as a result of PGR-mediated increase in pesticide degradation. This review provides a detailed account of the potential role of PGRs in pesticide detoxification and growth promotion in plants. This work examines several elements of plant pesticidal reactions and assesses how PGRs support plants in tolerating pesticides. The underlying mechanisms during pesticide stress are also discussed. The need for additional study on PGR applications is also emphasized.
{"title":"Crosstalk between phytohormones and pesticides: Insights into unravelling the crucial roles of plant growth regulators in improving crop resilience to pesticide stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In conventional agricultural practices, pesticides are applied to protect crops from harmful insect pests; however, pervasive usage in high-yield crop systems poses a significant risk to the viability and sustainability of agroecosystems. Agricultural output may be adversely affected by pesticide deposition in the soil as it affects biochemical interactions between plants and soil. Pesticides cause oxidative stress by blocking physiological and biochemical pathways and disrupting the photosynthetic machinery of plants. When exposed to abiotic challenges, plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroids (BR), and 24-epibrassinolides (EBL) reduce pesticide toxicity by strengthening antioxidant defence mechanisms and enhancing tolerance to stressful conditions. By modulating a variety of physio-biochemical mechanisms, PGRs reduce pesticide toxicity in intact plants. Furthermore, PGRs eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inducing antioxidant enzyme production. Pesticide residues in plant compartments are reduced as a result of PGR-mediated increase in pesticide degradation. This review provides a detailed account of the potential role of PGRs in pesticide detoxification and growth promotion in plants. This work examines several elements of plant pesticidal reactions and assesses how PGRs support plants in tolerating pesticides. The underlying mechanisms during pesticide stress are also discussed. The need for additional study on PGR applications is also emphasized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113666
Despite their economic significance, some tropical fruit species are largely neglected, mainly in terms of genetics and breeding. This is particularly true for the sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata), a crop gaining new popularity and market value due to its characteristic aroma and flavor. Importantly, P. alata is self-incompatible, and the fruit set is reduced (or does not occur) when genetically related individuals are crossed. Given this, we determined the compatibility relationships among eight full sibs, previously selected. Nearly 2,000 crosses were performed in a full diallel design, including reciprocal and self-pollination. We propose that the genotypes’ reaction is a consequence of a sporophytic mechanism involved in P. alata self-incompatibility. Significantly, the compatibility results were confirmed in another field experiment conducted in the same environment. This allowed us to choose the genotypes to be intercrossed, resulting in 24 families. Next, nine traits related to fruit quality and yield were assessed in a randomized block design with four replicates, and plots consisting of three plants. Using genotypic values predicted by BLUP and two selection indices, eight superior families (30%) were selected. At the same time, the flowering period of each family was assessed. The families show a coincident flowering peak in May, except for the one family and its reciprocal, both with a flowering peak in November. Our findings indicate that compatibility tests and flowering phenology should be considered in P. alata breeding programs to make fruits available to producers for as long as possible.
{"title":"Self-incompatibility and phenotypic assessment of yield and quality in Passiflora alata, an understudied tropical fruit species","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their economic significance, some tropical fruit species are largely neglected, mainly in terms of genetics and breeding. This is particularly true for the sweet passion fruit (<em>Passiflora alata</em>), a crop gaining new popularity and market value due to its characteristic aroma and flavor. Importantly, <em>P. alata</em> is self-incompatible, and the fruit set is reduced (or does not occur) when genetically related individuals are crossed. Given this, we determined the compatibility relationships among eight full sibs, previously selected. Nearly 2,000 crosses were performed in a full diallel design, including reciprocal and self-pollination. We propose that the genotypes’ reaction is a consequence of a sporophytic mechanism involved in <em>P. alata</em> self-incompatibility. Significantly, the compatibility results were confirmed in another field experiment conducted in the same environment. This allowed us to choose the genotypes to be intercrossed, resulting in 24 families. Next, nine traits related to fruit quality and yield were assessed in a randomized block design with four replicates, and plots consisting of three plants. Using genotypic values predicted by BLUP and two selection indices, eight superior families (30%) were selected. At the same time, the flowering period of each family was assessed. The families show a coincident flowering peak in May, except for the one family and its reciprocal, both with a flowering peak in November. Our findings indicate that compatibility tests and flowering phenology should be considered in <em>P. alata</em> breeding programs to make fruits available to producers for as long as possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113667
Chlorophylls are pivotal in capturing and converting light energy in leaves during photosynthesis, and changes in their biosynthetic pathway represent an adaptive response of plants to challenging environmental conditions. Serendipita indica, a culturable endophytic fungus, has demonstrated potential in enhancing the host plant's drought tolerance, whereas the underlying mechanisms (e.g., chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways) remain unclear. This study explored the impact of S. indica on the growth, chlorophyll synthesis intermediates and chlorophyll components, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthesis, and the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-associated genes in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) plants subjected to seven weeks of water deficit (WD). Following WD, the colonization of S. indica in roots significantly increased. Despite the growth-inhibiting effects of WD on trifoliate orange, inoculation with S. indica led to a substantial increase in aboveground growth performance and biomass production, with the magnitude of increase being more pronounced under WD than under no water dificit (NW). The WD treatment led to a reduction in the levels of leaf chlorophyll synthesis intermediates, while the colonization of S. indica significantly elevated the levels of 5-aminolevulimic acid, Mg-protoporphyrin IX, protoporphyrin IX, porphobilinogen, and protochlorophyllide in leaves, thus increasing chlorophyll a, b, and a + b concentrations in S. indica-treated plants, particularly under WD. S. indica inoculationi also up-regulated the expression level of PtHEMG1, PtCHLH, PtHEMA1, and PtHEME2 genes under WD. Interestingly, chlorophyll intermediates and the expression of chlorophyll-associated genes were significantly correlated with chlorophyll a in uninoculated plants and with chlorophyll b in inoculated plants. Under WD, S. indica-inoculated plants represented higher steady-state light quantum efficiency and lower steady-state nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching than uninoculated plants, which protected the photosynthetic apparatus from damage and increased the quantum efficiency of PSII. In addition, leaf gas exchange parameters were distinctly boosted by S. indica, with the increase being more pronounced under WD than under NW. In conclusion, S. indica-inoculated plants have better plant growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency and gas exchange to adapt to WD.
叶绿素是叶片在光合作用过程中捕捉和转换光能的关键，叶绿素生物合成途径的变化代表了植物对挑战性环境条件的适应性反应。Serendipita indica 是一种可培养的内生真菌，在增强寄主植物的耐旱性方面具有潜力，但其潜在机制（如叶绿素生物合成途径）仍不清楚。本研究探讨了 S. indica 对缺水（WD）七周的三叶橙（Poncirus trifoliata）植株的生长、叶绿素合成中间体和叶绿素成分、叶绿素荧光参数、光合作用以及叶绿素合成相关基因表达的影响。缺水七周后，根部的蝙蝠蛾定植率明显增加。尽管缺水对三叶橙的生长有抑制作用，但接种 S. indica 后，三叶橙的地上部生长表现和生物量产量都有大幅提高，缺水时的提高幅度比不缺水（NW）时更明显。WD 处理导致叶片叶绿素合成中间体水平降低，而 S. indica 的定植则显著提高了叶片中 5-氨基乙酰丙酸、Mg-原卟啉 IX、原卟啉 IX、卟啉原和原叶绿素苷的水平，从而提高了 S. indica 处理植物的叶绿素 a、b 和 a + b 浓度，尤其是在 WD 条件下。在 WD 条件下，接种 S. indica 也会上调 PtHEMG1、PtCHLH、PtHEMA1 和 PtHEME2 基因的表达水平。有趣的是，叶绿素中间体和叶绿素相关基因的表达与未接种植株的叶绿素 a 和接种植株的叶绿素 b 显著相关。在 WD 条件下，接种 S. indica 的植株比未接种植株表现出更高的稳态光量子效率和更低的稳态非光化学荧光淬灭，这保护了光合装置免受损伤，提高了 PSII 的量子效率。此外，S. indica 对叶片气体交换参数也有明显的促进作用，在 WD 条件下的促进作用比在 NW 条件下更明显。总之，接种 S. indica 的植株在植物生长、叶绿素生物合成、光合效率和气体交换方面都能更好地适应 WD。
{"title":"Serendipita indica accelerates chlorophyll synthesis pathway and photosynthetic efficiency in trifoliate orange subjected to water deficit","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorophylls are pivotal in capturing and converting light energy in leaves during photosynthesis, and changes in their biosynthetic pathway represent an adaptive response of plants to challenging environmental conditions. <em>Serendipita indica</em>, a culturable endophytic fungus, has demonstrated potential in enhancing the host plant's drought tolerance, whereas the underlying mechanisms (e.g., chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways) remain unclear. This study explored the impact of <em>S. indica</em> on the growth, chlorophyll synthesis intermediates and chlorophyll components, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthesis, and the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-associated genes in trifoliate orange (<em>Poncirus trifoliata</em>) plants subjected to seven weeks of water deficit (WD). Following WD, the colonization of <em>S. indica</em> in roots significantly increased. Despite the growth-inhibiting effects of WD on trifoliate orange, inoculation with <em>S. indica</em> led to a substantial increase in aboveground growth performance and biomass production, with the magnitude of increase being more pronounced under WD than under no water dificit (NW). The WD treatment led to a reduction in the levels of leaf chlorophyll synthesis intermediates, while the colonization of <em>S. indica</em> significantly elevated the levels of 5-aminolevulimic acid, Mg-protoporphyrin IX, protoporphyrin IX, porphobilinogen, and protochlorophyllide in leaves, thus increasing chlorophyll <em>a, b</em>, and <em>a</em> + <em>b</em> concentrations in <em>S. indica</em>-treated plants, particularly under WD. <em>S. indica</em> inoculationi also up-regulated the expression level of <em>PtHEMG1, PtCHLH, PtHEMA1</em>, and <em>PtHEME2</em> genes under WD. Interestingly, chlorophyll intermediates and the expression of chlorophyll-associated genes were significantly correlated with chlorophyll <em>a</em> in uninoculated plants and with chlorophyll <em>b</em> in inoculated plants. Under WD, <em>S. indica</em>-inoculated plants represented higher steady-state light quantum efficiency and lower steady-state nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching than uninoculated plants, which protected the photosynthetic apparatus from damage and increased the quantum efficiency of PSII. In addition, leaf gas exchange parameters were distinctly boosted by <em>S. indica</em>, with the increase being more pronounced under WD than under NW. In conclusion, <em>S. indica</em>-inoculated plants have better plant growth, chlorophyll <em>b</em>iosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency and gas exchange to adapt to WD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113659
The study explores the effect of varying levels of nitrogen (N) application on N allocation in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) genotypes from vegetative to the generative phases. The use of a heat map and PCA biplot analysis identifies two distinct sets of ideotypes. The first set is represented by genotype IC212031 having “Stay-green” phenotype with effective N regulating enzymes, high N uptake (NUpt) and better root development. The second set of ideotype is represented by HB9902 having delayed flowering phenology phases. The study highlights the relevance of Nitrate reductase (NR) in the final oil buildup in seeds (r = 0.5, p = 0.09). The considerable rise in NR activity from pre-anthesis to post-anthesis stages translates to higher seed storage compounds such as oil (r=−0.65, p = 0.03). And the developed prediction models confirmed the significance of these stages (pre-anthesis and post-anthesis) in the accumulation of seed storage components with emphasis on oil content. Similarly, this prediction model helps us to study the cause and effect relationship between various factors and oil content. The notable rise in Nitrite reductase (NiR) activity during the post-anthesis phase suggests its role in assimilating N for the storage of seed components, most likely proteins. Further, the inverse relationship between seed N (−0.53,p= 0.09) and oil content (−0.65, p= 0.03) confirmed that at the post anthesis stage the allocation of N towards precursor carbon compounds happens, which in turn forms either proteins or lipids. This becomes a critical factor in determining the final composition of the seed. Irrespective of N treatment and genotype, the N allocation follows the pattern: seed > siliquae husk > stover > root. However, higher N application rates primarily result in increased NUpt, but not necessarily improve utilisation. Overall, the study highlights the roles of root characteristics, N metabolising enzymes, and flowering phenology in enhancing N allocation and seed production in Indian mustard offering valuable insights for breeding strategies to enhance seed yield, oil content and nutrient efficiency in oilseed crops.
{"title":"Understanding nitrogen allocation dynamics in Indian mustard: Insights from enzyme activity and ideotype analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study explores the effect of varying levels of nitrogen (N) application on N allocation in Indian mustard (<em>Brassica juncea)</em> genotypes from vegetative to the generative phases. The use of a heat map and PCA biplot analysis identifies two distinct sets of ideotypes. The first set is represented by genotype IC212031 having “Stay-green” phenotype with effective N regulating enzymes, high N uptake (NUpt) and better root development. The second set of ideotype is represented by HB9902 having delayed flowering phenology phases. The study highlights the relevance of <em>Nitrate reductase</em> (NR) in the final oil buildup in seeds (<em>r</em> = 0.5, <em>p</em> = 0.09). The considerable rise in NR activity from pre-anthesis to post-anthesis stages translates to higher seed storage compounds such as oil (<em>r</em>=−0.65, <em>p</em> = 0.03). And the developed prediction models confirmed the significance of these stages (pre-anthesis and post-anthesis) in the accumulation of seed storage components with emphasis on oil content. Similarly, this prediction model helps us to study the cause and effect relationship between various factors and oil content. The notable rise in <em>Nitrite reductase</em> (NiR) activity during the post-anthesis phase suggests its role in assimilating N for the storage of seed components, most likely proteins. Further, the inverse relationship between seed N (−0.53,<em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.09) and oil content (−0.65, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.03) confirmed that at the post anthesis stage the allocation of N towards precursor carbon compounds happens, which in turn forms either proteins or lipids. This becomes a critical factor in determining the final composition of the seed. Irrespective of N treatment and genotype, the N allocation follows the pattern: seed > siliquae husk > stover > root. However, higher N application rates primarily result in increased NUpt, but not necessarily improve utilisation. Overall, the study highlights the roles of root characteristics, N metabolising enzymes, and flowering phenology in enhancing N allocation and seed production in Indian mustard offering valuable insights for breeding strategies to enhance seed yield, oil content and nutrient efficiency in oilseed crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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