Scientia Horticulturae最新文献_第4页

Integrated hormonal signaling and transcriptional networks reveal mechanisms of adventitious organogenesis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) 综合激素信号和转录网络揭示苦瓜不定之器官发生机制

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114589

Yuyu Cheng , Xuzhen Li , Feifan Chen , Ziyan Zhang , Libo Tian , Sang Shang

Adventitious shoot regeneration is crucial for advancing micropropagation and genetic transformation in bitter gourd; however, its underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. To systematically elucidate the genetic and physiological basis of regenerative capacity, this study employed high-regeneration genotype 25–15 and low-regeneration genotype 07–11 as materials, utilizing endogenous hormone profiling, histological examination, and transcriptome sequencing to uncover the key regulatory mechanisms during the regeneration process. The results demonstrated that after optimizing the explant type, medium formulation, and dark treatment conditions for genotype 25–15, the shoot induction rate reached 77.56%. Its high regeneration efficiency stemmed from the formation of compact meristematic clusters in the early stage, rapid integration of the vascular system, and the dynamic change of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)/zeatin (ZT) ratio that first increases and then decreases during the induction and differentiation stages. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in such pathways as zeatin biosynthesis, starch-sucrose metabolism, and hormone signal transduction, while weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 20 hub genes—including growth-regulating factors (GRFs), CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2-like (CUC2), SCARECROW-like protein (SCR) and AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor ANT (ANT). Therefore, we propose that hub genes, as core regulatory nodes in adventitious shoot regeneration, form a synergistic network with DEGs in key metabolic pathways. By precisely regulating endogenous hormone dynamic balance and meristem initiation-differentiation, they jointly drive efficient adventitious shoot regeneration of bitter gourd. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for Cucurbitaceae genetic transformation, germplasm innovation, and genotype-independent regeneration system establishment.

不定芽再生是推进苦瓜微繁和遗传转化的关键；然而，其潜在的分子调控机制仍然知之甚少。为了系统地阐明再生能力的遗传和生理基础，本研究以高再生基因型25-15和低再生基因型07-11为材料，利用内源激素谱分析、组织学检查和转录组测序等手段，揭示再生过程中的关键调控机制。结果表明，对基因型25-15的外植体类型、培养基配方和暗处理条件进行优化后，诱导率达到77.56%。其较高的再生效率源于早期形成致密的分生组织簇、血管系统的快速整合以及诱导和分化阶段吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)/玉米素（ZT）比值先升高后降低的动态变化。转录组学分析显示，差异表达基因（DEGs）在玉米蛋白生物合成、淀粉-蔗糖代谢和激素信号转导等途径中显著富集，加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）鉴定出20个枢纽基因，包括生长调节因子（GRFs）、杯形COTYLEDON 2样（CUC2）、稻草人样蛋白（SCR）和ap2样乙烯应答转录因子ANT （ANT）。因此，我们认为枢纽基因作为不定芽再生的核心调控节点，与deg在关键代谢途径中形成协同网络。它们通过精确调节内源激素动态平衡和分生组织起始分化，共同驱动苦瓜不定芽高效再生。这些研究结果为瓜科植物的遗传转化、种质创新和独立基因型再生体系的建立提供了理论和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on greenhouse cucumbers in North China plain 水氮调控对华北平原温室黄瓜的影响

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114604

Chunting Wang , Huanhuan Li , Xianbo Zhang , Guang Yang , Xinzheng Li , Xiaoman Qiang

Excessive irrigation and fertilization, as well as imbalance between yield and quality are prevalent issues in facility fruit and vegetable production in North China Plain. To address this issue, we conducted a two-year and three-season experiment from 2024 to 2025 to investigate the impact of different combinations of nitrogen fertilizations and irrigation amounts on total aboveground biomass, aboveground plant nitrogen accumulation, yield and quality, as well as water and nitrogen use efficiency of cucumber in a greenhouse. The optimal irrigation and fertilization for achieving the best-balanced fruit yield, quality and resource use efficiency was identified using the weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The weights in TOPSIS were estimated using the game theory that integrates the weights calculated from the subjective-weighted analytic hierarchy process and the objective-weighted entropy. Our results show that, while increasing irrigation amount enhanced total aboveground biomass (TAB), fruit yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_n), it reduced water use efficiency (WUE), and compromised fruit quality. We also found that optimized nitrogen application not only enhanced TAB, fruit yield, but also improved WUE, and that, total soluble solids and soluble sugar content were critical quality indicators of the cucumber. TOPSIS analysis showed that irrigating 100% of the evaporation measured from an adjustable 20cm-pan mounted 10∼15 cm above the canopy (E_p-20) and fertilizing 360 kg·ha⁻¹ of nitrogen achieved the highest relative closeness (Ci) in all three seasons in the two years. Further analysis indicated that irrigating 75%∼100% of E_p-20 and applying 320∼370 kg·ha⁻¹ of nitrogen can best balance yield, quality, WUE and PFP_n for spring-cultivated cucumber, while for autumn-cultivated cucumber, irrigating 94%∼110% of E_p-20 and applying 300∼370 kg·ha⁻¹ of nitrogen is practically optimal. These practices not only achieved high fruit yields, but also improved fruit quality, offering an improved cultivation method for greenhouse cucumber production in the North China Plain.

过量灌溉施肥、产量与品质不平衡是华北平原设施果蔬生产中普遍存在的问题。为了解决这一问题，我们于2024 - 2025年进行了2年3季试验，研究了不同施氮量和灌水量组合对温室黄瓜地上总生物量、地上植物氮素积累、产量和品质以及水氮利用效率的影响。采用TOPSIS（相似理想溶液法）排序偏好加权技术，确定了实现果实产量、品质和资源利用效率最佳平衡的最佳灌肥方案。TOPSIS中的权重利用博弈论进行估计，该博弈论将主观加权层次分析法和客观加权熵计算的权重相结合。结果表明，增加灌溉量可提高地上总生物量（TAB）、果实产量和氮素部分因子生产率（PFPn），但降低水分利用效率（WUE），损害果实品质。结果表明，优化施氮量不仅提高了黄瓜的TAB值和产量，而且提高了水分利用效率，可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量是黄瓜的关键品质指标。TOPSIS分析表明，两年中三个季节，在冠层上方10 ~ 15 cm处安装一个可调节的20cm-pan （Ep-20）上灌溉100%蒸发量和施肥360 kg·ha - 1氮肥的相对接近度（Ci）最高。进一步分析表明，春栽黄瓜灌溉量75% ~ 100% Ep-20，施氮量320 ~ 370 kg·ha−1，能达到产量、品质、水分利用效率和PFPn的最佳平衡；秋栽黄瓜灌溉量94% ~ 110% Ep-20，施氮量300 ~ 370 kg·ha−1，能达到最佳平衡。这些做法不仅提高了果实产量，而且改善了果实品质，为华北平原温室黄瓜生产提供了一种改良的栽培方法。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen-rich water alleviates drought stress in tomato: Insights from physiological, molecular, and ionic perspectives 富氢水减轻番茄的干旱胁迫：从生理、分子和离子角度的见解

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114574

Yueqi Huang, Yan Lv, Meiqi Fu, Xinyi Tang, Fangfang Wu, Yao Zhang, Liguo Zhang, Mingfang Feng, Aoxue Wang

Drought stress limits tomato yield and quality, challenging sustainable agriculture. Hydrogen (H₂), emerging as a versatile gas signaling molecule, has shown promising potential in enhancing plant stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated hydrogen-rich water (HRW) effects on drought resistance and fruit quality in two tomato cultivars (AC, microTom). HRW elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced malondialdehyde, promoted proline accumulation, thereby maintaining osmotic balance. It up-regulated SlNCED5 and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes, activating ABA signaling to reduce stomatal aperture and water loss. In this study, we used Non-invasive Micro-test (NMT) to analyze the ion flow under drought stress, and established the direct correlation between the ion dynamics and stress signal transduction at the cellular level. HRW increased soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch contents in microTom fruits, optimizing carbon allocation and improving the tertiary structure of fruit protein. Collectively, these findings indicate that HRW enhances tomato drought resistance through a synergistic multi-pathway regulatory network involving "antioxidation–stomatal regulation–gene expression–ion dynamics". This study lays a theoretical foundation for the targeted application of H₂-based technologies in water-saving tomato cultivation.

干旱胁迫限制了番茄的产量和质量，对可持续农业构成挑战。氢（H₂）作为一种多用途的气体信号分子，在提高植物的抗逆性方面显示出很大的潜力。本研究研究了富氢水（HRW）对两个番茄品种（AC、microTom）抗旱性和果实品质的影响。HRW提高抗氧化酶活性，降低丙二醛，促进脯氨酸积累，从而维持渗透平衡。上调SlNCED5和ABA生物合成基因，激活ABA信号，减少气孔开度和水分流失。在本研究中，我们采用非侵入性微测试（NMT）分析干旱胁迫下的离子流动，并在细胞水平上建立离子动力学与胁迫信号转导的直接关系。HRW处理提高了微番茄果实中可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量，优化了果实碳分配，改善了果实蛋白质三级结构。总之，这些研究结果表明，HRW通过“抗氧化-气孔调节-基因表达-离子动力学”的多途径协同调控网络增强番茄抗旱性。本研究为h2基技术在番茄节水栽培中的定向应用奠定了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive study of floral organ characteristics and the breeding system in Malus halliana var. parkmanii 海棠花器官特征及育种体系的综合研究

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114555

Qimei Wang , Zhong Lin , Chao Gao , Xianqin Wan , Dongchan Sun , Yanmei Nei

Malus halliana var. parkmanii Rehd is a valuable deciduous tree with ecological and ornamental significance, yet its flowering biology remains poorly understood. This study examined flowering phenology, floral traits, and breeding system of Malus halliana var. parkmanii using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), paraffin sectioning, TTC staining for pollen viability, aniline blue-peroxide staining for stigma receptivity, and artificial pollination experiments. Flowering was concentrated, with pink corollas enhancing visual appeal. Spatial separation of sexual organs promotes cross-pollination. The pollen P/E ratio averaged 2.28, and pollen grains exhibited a wavy exine surface. Flowers typically had 0-5 connate stigmas, a median placenta, and inverted ovules. Pollen viability peaked at 47.94 % during anthesis, while stigma receptivity was already high before flowering and reached maximum 1-2 days afterward. The mean P/O ratio was 2936.9, indicating obligate outcrossing. An outcrossing index of 4 suggests a predominantly cross-pollinated system with potential partial self-compatibility, though pollinators are likely required. Artificial pollination confirmed normal pollen germination and successful pollen tube growth through the style. These results provide essential insights into the reproductive characteristics of M. halliana var. parkmanii, supporting improved breeding programs and informed application in landscape design.

海棠（Malus halliana var. parkmanii Rehd）是一种珍贵的落叶乔木，具有重要的生态和观赏价值，但其开花生物学尚不清楚。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、石蜡切片、TTC染色测定花粉活力、苯胺蓝染色测定柱头感受性和人工授粉试验等方法，研究了海棠（Malus halliana var. parkmanii）的开花物候、花性状和育种体系。开花集中，粉红色的花冠增强了视觉吸引力。性器官的空间分离促进了异花授粉。花粉P/E平均值为2.28，花粉粒呈波浪形外表面。花通常有0-5合生柱头，中间胎座和倒立的胚珠。花期花粉活力最高，为47.94%，花期前柱头接受度较高，花期后1 ~ 2 d达到最大值。平均市盈率为2936.9，为专性异交。异交指数为4表明一个主要的异花授粉系统具有潜在的部分自交亲和，尽管可能需要传粉者。人工授粉证实花柱花粉萌发正常，花粉管发育成功。这些研究结果为深入了解白桦的繁殖特征提供了重要依据，为改进育种计划和在景观设计中的应用提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanized hand duster pollination maintains key fruit traits and mogroside V biosynthesis in Siraitia grosvenorii 机械手粉授粉维持罗汉果关键性状和甜苷V的生物合成

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114576

Beibei Cao , Qiaoyan Xiang , Huaiyu Jiao , Xiyang Huang , Hong Li , JiaLing Yu , Lixia Guo , Shuiyuan Jiang

Siraitia grosvenorii is a high-value crop prized for its fruits that contain mogrosides, particularly mogroside V, a natural zero-calorie sweetener with substantial health benefits. However, its cultivation is constrained by complete reliance on labor-intensive artificial pollination, due to its dioecious nature and inability to utilize on wind or insect pollination. This study assessed the feasibility of mechanized hand duster pollination (HDP) as an alternative to hand supplementary pollination (HSP) in S. grosvenorii, combining agronomic and molecular analyses. Results showed that HDP achieved a fruit set rate comparable to that of HSP, alongside an identical final mogroside V content, despite slight transient decreases in fruit size and weight. Transcriptomic analyses revealed HDP induced early stress responses but did not alter core mogroside biosynthetic pathways; WGCNA further confirmed that gene co-expression networks associated with fruit quality, specifically mogroside V accumulation, are independent of pollination method. Thus, HDP emerges as a labor-saving, efficient alternative to HSP, directly facilitating sustainable commercial cultivation of S. grosvenorii without compromising the yield of its key bioactive compound.

罗汉果是一种高价值的作物，因为它的果实含有番石榴甙，尤其是番石榴苷V，一种天然的零卡路里甜味剂，对健康有很大的好处。然而，由于其雌雄异株的性质和不能利用风或昆虫授粉，其种植完全依赖劳动密集型的人工授粉。本研究结合农艺分析和分子分析，对罗汉果机械化手粉授粉（HDP）替代手补授粉（HSP）的可行性进行了评价。结果表明，HDP与HSP的坐果率相当，且最终的苦苷V含量相同，但果实大小和重量有轻微的短暂下降。转录组学分析显示，HDP诱导了早期应激反应，但没有改变核心的苦苷生物合成途径；WGCNA进一步证实，与果实品质相关的基因共表达网络，特别是与苦苷V积累相关的基因共表达网络，与授粉方式无关。因此，HDP作为一种省力、高效的HSP替代品出现，直接促进了罗汉果的可持续商业种植，而不影响其关键生物活性化合物的产量。

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引用次数: 0

Functional identification of the pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) mediator subunit MED21 in regulating pollen development 辣椒中介亚基MED21调控花粉发育的功能鉴定

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114593

Dan Zhang , Chengliang Liang , Wujun Xing , Daqing Chen , Naying Fang , Peiru Li , Fei Huang , Lianzhen Mao , Xuexiao Zou , Wenyue Li , Lijun Ou , Zhoubin Liu , Wenchao Chen

The involvement of multiple members of Mediator in regulating the growth and development of various plant tissues through diverse mechanisms has been well documented. In this study, a subunit of Mediator, CaMED 21, was identified in pepper. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that this subunit is expressed in leaves, flowers, and fruits, with notably high expression levels in flowers and fruits. Through virus-induced gene silencing, silencing of the CaMED 21 gene was found to result in reduced leaf size and decreased pollen viability in pepper. Conversely, overexpression of CaMED 21 in tomato led to increased plant height, larger leaves, enhanced pollen viability, and bigger fruits. Results from protein interaction analysis suggest that CaMED 21 may regulate plant morphogenesis through interactions with PR 3 and SlMED 18. The regulatory role of the CaMED 21 subunit in leaf morphology and pollen viability of pepper has been demonstrated. These results provide valuable insights for further exploration of the CaMED 21 subunit’s function and offer a novel perspective on the mechanisms governing pepper growth regulation.

Mediator的多个成员通过不同的机制参与调节各种植物组织的生长和发育，这已经得到了很好的证明。本研究在辣椒中鉴定出了Mediator的一个亚基CaMED 21。组织特异性表达分析表明，该亚基在叶片、花和果实中均有表达，且在花和果实中表达量显著高。通过病毒诱导的CaMED 21基因沉默，发现CaMED 21基因沉默会导致辣椒叶片缩小和花粉活力降低。相反，CaMED 21在番茄中过表达可使植株高、叶片大、花粉活力增强、果实大。蛋白互作分析结果表明，CaMED 21可能通过与PR 3和SlMED 18的互作调控植物形态发生。CaMED 21亚基对辣椒叶片形态和花粉活力的调控作用已得到证实。这些结果为进一步探索CaMED 21亚基的功能提供了有价值的见解，并为辣椒生长调控机制提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-omics reveal tiered adaptation and critical thresholds for fertilizer substitution in an arid agroecosystem 多组学揭示了干旱农业生态系统中肥料替代的分层适应和临界阈值

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114607

Zhi-Rong Yin, Lan Ma, Yun Luo, Huan-Jun Qi, Jian-Xin Jin

Replacing chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry microbial fertilizer (BSMF) represents an important strategy for sustainable agriculture in arid regions, yet optimal substitution strategies and ecological response dynamics remain poorly understood. A three-year field experiment monitored soil physicochemical properties, metagenomic profiles, metabolomic signatures, and tomato performance across a 0%‒100% BSMF substitution gradient in a Ningxia greenhouse system. Multi-omics integration identified differential sensitivity patterns across biological layers. BSMF substitution induced non-linear ecological reorganization following a tiered sensitivity pattern. Microbial functional potential adapted first (10%‒30% substitution), with carbon cycling genes like xynA increasing 57.2%. Community restructuring peaked at 20%‒30% substitution (117 genera changed during S20K-S30K transition), while metabolome reprogramming occurred at higher thresholds (above 40%, with 95 metabolites altered between S40K-S50K). Intermediate substitution levels enhanced yield stability, reducing coefficients of variation from above 23% (conventional) to approximately 8% (S10K, S50K). The 20–30% range optimized productivity while maintaining stability. Fruit quality improvements were time-dependent; vitamin C doubled from 836.7 mg/kg to 1816.7 mg/kg, while nitrate content decreased by 87%. Multi-omics integration revealed microbial carbon cycling potential significantly correlated with crop yield (r = 0.495, p = 0.043). However, substitution above 50% elevated salinity risk. Soil ecosystems responded to organic fertilizer substitution through predictable, threshold-driven adaptations rather than linear responses. The tiered sensitivity pattern, with functional plasticity preceding community restructuring, followed by metabolic reprogramming, provided a mechanistic framework for precision management. The 20%‒30% substitution range represented an optimal ecological window balancing productivity and stability while avoiding salinity constraints, transforming BSMF application from empirical adjustment to predictive management for resilient arid agroecosystems.

以沼液微生物肥替代化肥是干旱区可持续农业的重要策略，但目前对最佳替代策略和生态响应动力学的了解尚不充分。一项为期三年的田间试验监测了宁夏温室系统在0%-100% BSMF替代梯度下的土壤理化性质、宏基因组特征、代谢组特征和番茄性能。多组学整合确定了不同生物层的差异敏感性模式。BSMF替代诱导的非线性生态重组遵循分层敏感性模式。微生物功能潜力首先适应（取代10%-30%），碳循环基因如xynA增加57.2%。在S20K-S30K过渡期间，群落重构的峰值为20%-30%（117个属发生了变化），而代谢组重编程发生在更高的阈值（超过40%，在S40K-S50K之间有95个代谢物发生了变化）。中间替代水平提高了产量稳定性，将变异系数从23%以上（常规）降低到约8% （S10K, S50K）。20-30%的范围优化了生产率，同时保持了稳定性。果实品质改善具有时间依赖性；维生素C从836.7 mg/kg增加到1816.7 mg/kg，增加了一倍，而硝酸盐含量下降了87%。多组学整合显示，微生物碳循环潜力与作物产量显著相关（r = 0.495, p = 0.043）。然而，超过50%的替代会增加盐度风险。土壤生态系统对有机肥替代的响应是可预测的、阈值驱动的适应，而不是线性响应。分层的敏感性模式为精准管理提供了机制框架，其中功能可塑性先于群落重构，随后是代谢重编程。20%-30%的替代范围代表了平衡生产力和稳定性的最佳生态窗口，同时避免了盐度的限制，将BSMF的应用从经验调整转变为适应性干旱农业生态系统的预测管理。

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引用次数: 0

Two complementary restorer-of-fertility loci confer the pollen fertility restoration in the progenies of ‘Niitaka’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) 两个互补的育性恢复位点赋予了‘Niitaka’梨（Pyrus pyrifolia）后代花粉育性恢复

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114591

Hyeondae Han , Sewon Oh , Keumsun Kim , Youngjae Oh , Daeil Kim

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) refers to the failure of flowering plants to produce viable pollen grains during anther development. CMS and the restorer-of-fertility (Rf) system have been documented in Pyrus. Male sterility has been reported in the Asian pear ‘Niitaka’ (P. pyrifolia) and its F₁ progeny. However, Rf genes conferring pollen fertility for ‘Niitaka’ cytoplasm in pears remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed at precisely mapping Rf genes involved in pollen fertility restoration and exploring candidate genes. We analyzed F₁ progenies derived from female ‘'Whangkeumbae' (P. pyrifolia) possessing ‘Niitaka’ cytoplasm. Two non-linked loci with complementary dominance were hypothesized to account for the observed separation ratio. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis was performed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and finely map the Rf loci. Two Rf loci were preliminarily mapped to linkage groups 4 and 5 and named Rf1 and Rf2, respectively. Insertion/deletion (InDel) markers were developed by analyzing the whole genome sequencing data of the parents. Rf1 and Rf2 regions were delimited to 560 kb and 880 kb, respectively, by fine mapping with InDel markers. Four candidate genes encoding pentatricopeptide repeat proteins were identified in Rf1 and Rf2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to map Rf genes responsible for cytoplasmic male sterility in pears, which advances our understanding of male sterility.

细胞质雄性不育（Cytoplasmic male sterile， CMS）是指开花植物在花药发育过程中不能产生有活力的花粉粒。CMS和生育恢复（Rf）系统在Pyrus有文献记载。据报道，亚洲梨“Niitaka”（P. pyrifolia）及其F1后代雄性不育。然而，梨中具有Niitaka细胞质花粉育性的Rf基因仍有待阐明。因此，本研究旨在精确定位与花粉育性恢复相关的Rf基因，并探索候选基因。我们分析了来自具有“Niitaka”细胞质的雌性“Whangkeumbae”（P. pyrifolia）的F1后代。假设两个具有互补优势的非连锁位点可以解释观察到的分离比率。采用基因分型测序（GBS）分析鉴定单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记，并精细绘制Rf位点。两个Rf位点初步映射到连锁群4和连锁群5，分别命名为Rf1和Rf2。通过分析亲本全基因组测序数据，开发了插入/删除（InDel）标记。利用InDel标记进行精细映射，将Rf1和Rf2区域分别划分为560 kb和880 kb。在Rf1和Rf2中鉴定出4个编码五肽重复蛋白的候选基因。据我们所知，这是第一个绘制梨细胞质雄性不育的Rf基因的研究，这促进了我们对雄性不育的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Transcription factor ABFs involved in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in‘Benibalado’ grape 转录因子ABFs参与调控‘ benibalado ’葡萄花青素积累

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114584

Hui Li , Xiaoyue Geng , Xianbin Xu , Chenxu Sun , Huan Zheng , Yaxin Yang , Jianmin Tao

Anthocyanins play a pivotal role in defining grape coloration which contribute to health-promoting properties of grape. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying ABA-regulated coloration in ‘Benibalado’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grape skin through physiological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses. After ABA treatment, the berry of grapes exhibited a significantly deeper red colour, accompanied by an increase of three additional anthocyanin types and a significant rise in the contents of Peonidin 3-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3-O-glucoside. ABA treatment significantly induced upregulation of ABA signaling genes (VvABF1, VvABF2 and VvPYL1) and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (VvMYBA1, VvMYBA2, VvGST4 and VvGT1). A genome-wide analysis identified 64 bZIP transcription factors (TFs) in grape, which were classified into 13 subfamilies. Among these, VvABF1 and VvABF2, belonging to subfamily A, exhibited distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns, with VvABF2 highly expressed in skin and flesh. Phylogenetic and motif analyses revealed evolutionary conservation and functional diversification among VvbZIPs. VvABF1 exhibits the closest phylogenetic relationship with LcABF1. VvABF2 showed the highest affinity with LcABF2 and LcbZIP32, followed by MdbZIP45 and MdbZIP90. Furthermore, subcellular localization confirmed the nuclear presence of both VvABF1 and VvABF2. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that these TFs can active the activity of VvMYBA1 promoter. These results indicate that VvABFs mediate ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by directly regulating VvMYBA1 expression, providing new insights into the ABA-bZIP-MYBA regulatory module in grape berry coloration.

花青素在决定葡萄的颜色中起着关键作用，它有助于促进葡萄的健康特性。外源脱落酸（ABA）在促进葡萄果实花青素积累中起关键作用。在这项研究中，我们通过生理、分子和系统发育分析研究了aba调控Benibalado葡萄皮着色的分子机制。经外源ABA处理后，葡萄果实颜色明显变深，另外3种花青素含量增加，芍药苷3- o -葡萄糖苷和马柳苷3- o -葡萄糖苷含量显著增加。ABA处理显著诱导了ABA信号基因（VvABF1、VvABF2和VvPYL1）和花青素生物合成基因（VvMYBA1、VvMYBA2、VvGST4和VvGT1）的上调。通过对葡萄中64个bZIP转录因子的全基因组分析，将其划分为13个亚科。其中，属于A亚家族的VvABF1和VvABF2表现出明显的时空表达模式，其中VvABF2在皮肤和肉中高表达。系统发育和基序分析揭示了vpbzip的进化保守性和功能多样性。VvABF1与LcABF1的亲缘关系最为密切。VvABF2与LcABF2和LcbZIP32的亲和性最高，其次是MdbZIP45和MdbZIP90。此外，亚细胞定位证实了VvABF1和VvABF2的核存在。酵母单杂交和双荧光素酶实验表明，这些TFs可以激活VvMYBA1启动子的活性。这些结果表明，VvABFs通过直接调控VvMYBA1的表达介导aba诱导的花青素生物合成，为葡萄果实着色中ABA-bZIP-MYBA调控模块的研究提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Meshball-driven air-pruning offers a resource efficient strategy for containerized cultivation in urban horticulture 网球驱动的空气修剪为城市园艺的集装箱化栽培提供了一种资源高效的策略

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114575

Savitha Dhandapani , Gandhimathi Chinnasamy , Shaik Anwar Ahamed Nabeela Nasreen, Vidya Susan Philip, Bong Soo Park, Somika Bhatnagar

Containerized plant cultivation is central to urban greening, horticulture, nurseries, and small-scale food production but is often limited by root circling, poor aeration, and inefficient resource use. Conventional air-pruning pots alleviate circling but cause water loss, nutrient leaching, and lack adaptability to diverse root systems. To address these limitations, we developed meshball-mediated air-pruning, a scalable method embedding stainless-steel spheres into soil to create localized aeration pockets, enabling targeted root pruning while minimizing water and soil loss. Testing across four species revealed strong benefits for ornamental shrubs: in dwarf ixora (Ixora coccinea), shoot fresh weight increased by 120 %, branch number by 55 %, and root biomass by 139 %, while firebush (Hamelia patens) showed 87 % greater height and 59 % higher root biomass compared with controls. These effects were linked to early disruption of apical dominance, stimulation of lateral roots, and improved root–shoot signaling. By contrast, pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) showed no measurable change, and white teak (Gmelina arborea) seedlings displayed reduced root biomass, underscoring species-specific responses. Structural evaluation confirmed meshballs provided stable aeration for six months without corrosion or soil intrusion. Overall, meshball-mediated air-pruning represents a resource-efficient alternative to conventional containers, particularly effective for ornamental shrubs in urban landscapes, and offers a sustainable approach to enhance root architecture, plant vigor, and survival in horticulture, forestry, and greening applications.

集装箱植物栽培是城市绿化、园艺、苗圃和小规模粮食生产的核心，但往往受到根循环、通风不良和资源利用效率低下的限制。传统的空气修剪盆减轻了循环，但造成水分流失，养分淋失，缺乏对不同根系的适应性。为了解决这些限制，我们开发了网球介导的空气修剪，这是一种可扩展的方法，将不锈钢球体嵌入土壤中，形成局部透气袋，在减少水土流失的同时实现有针对性的根系修剪。对四种观赏灌木的试验表明，与对照相比，矮灌木（ixora coccinea）的茎鲜重增加了120%，枝数增加了55%，根系生物量增加了139%，而火灌木（Hamelia patens）的高度增加了87%，根系生物量增加了59%。这些影响与早期顶端优势的破坏、侧根的刺激和根尖信号的改善有关。相比之下，小白菜（Brassica rapa var. chinensis）没有可测量的变化，白柚木（Gmelina arborea）幼苗根系生物量减少，强调物种特异性反应。结构评估证实，网球提供了稳定的曝气六个月，没有腐蚀或土壤侵入。总体而言，网状媒介的空气修剪是传统容器的一种资源高效替代方案，对城市景观中的观赏灌木特别有效，并提供了一种可持续的方法来增强园艺、林业和绿化应用中的根结构、植物活力和存活率。

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引用次数: 0