Scientia Horticulturae最新文献_第5页

Do commercially available fungal biocontrol agents improve the quality of strawberries?

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114002

Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek , Saša Krošelj , Denis Rusjan , Katharina Neubacher , Krzysztof Wieczorek , Siegrid Steinkellner

This study aims to evaluate the impact of various commercially available fungal biological control agents (BCAs) on the changes in the fungal soil microbiome and the chemical quality and productivity of the strawberry cultivar 'Senga Sengana'. For this purpose, several experiments were conducted over two growing seasons with four commercially available products, namely Inoq (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), Trichostar® Plus (Trichoderma harzianum strain T58), Prestop (Clonostachys rosea strain J1446), Contans® WG (Coniothyrium minitans), and an untreated control. The research examines the effects of BCAs on fruit weight, chemical fruit quality (including sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds) and phenolic content in strawberry leaves. The results show no significant differences in organic acids, sugars or phenolic compound content in the strawberries between the treatments applied. The application of different BCAs also did not result in significant changes in the phenolic content of the leaves. As to the fruit weight, the highest was recorded on the first harvest date in both trial years. In comparison, the strawberries from Prestop- and Inoq-treated plants harvested had the highest fruit weight on the second and third harvest dates (in the first year of the trial). Moreover, the strawberries collected on the first harvest date (in the first year) had significantly higher glucose and fructose contents than those harvested on the second harvest date. Furthermore, the analysis of the fungal microbiome revealed that the introduced fungal strains were unable to establish successfully in the soil after the BCA treatment. In addition, the treatments did not significantly alter the composition or structure of the fungal or bacterial rhizosphere microbiomes. The outcomes indicate that the fluctuations in the abundance of bacterial and fungal genera were primarily due to plant-specific factors and seasonal dynamics. The BCAs used in this study had neither a positive nor a negative effect on the quality of the strawberry fruit under the experimental conditions. Instead, the results underline that a growing season and a harvest date had a stronger influence on the content of primary and secondary metabolites in the fruit than the BCA treatments.

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the mechanism of cold chain breaks accelerate postharvest kiwifruit ripening and flavonoid loss 转录组学和代谢组学分析揭示了冷链断裂加速猕猴桃采后成熟和类黄酮损失的机制

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113958

Haiying Yang , Yiyang Li , Shikai Zhang , Ke Ding , Rongrong Wang , Yang Shan , Shenghua Ding

Cold chain systems are essential for preserving the quality and nutritional value of kiwifruit and other fruits, as well as facilitating their transportation and supply. Cold chain breaks can adversely affect fruit quality and value. Therefore, exploring its metabolism and molecular basis research is of great significance for regulating cold chain breaks. Herein, the effects of kiwifruit storage under isothermal and cold chain breaks were compared and its physicochemical properties, metabolism and transcriptome profiles were investigated. Metabolomic analyses revealed that flavonoids are the primary differential metabolites suppressed by cold chain breaks. Additionally, five main biomarkers were identified in response to cold chain breaks. Transcriptomic and WGCNA analyses demonstrated that the majority of differentially expressed genes associated with ethylene synthesis and signal transduction (ACS, ACOs, ETRs), as well as starch and sucrose metabolism (BAMs, SPS, PFK, TPP), were upregulated during cold chain disruptions compared to low temperatures, while DEGs related to flavonoid biosynthesis (4CLs, CHI, F3′H) were downregulated. Furthermore, transcription factor AcHsfA3a was found to be correlated with flavonoids and the identified biomarkers. This study provides a theoretical basis for regulating kiwifruit cold chain breaks, improving fruit quality, and guiding cold chain transportation.

冷链系统对于保持猕猴桃和其他水果的质量和营养价值，以及促进其运输和供应至关重要。冷链断裂会对水果的品质和价值产生不利影响。因此，探索其代谢及分子基础研究对调控冷链断裂具有重要意义。本文比较了等温和冷链断裂对猕猴桃贮藏的影响，研究了猕猴桃的理化性质、代谢和转录组谱。代谢组学分析表明，黄酮类化合物是冷链断裂抑制的主要差异代谢物。此外，还鉴定了五个主要的生物标志物，以响应冷链断裂。转录组学和WGCNA分析表明，与低温相比，与乙烯合成和信号转导相关的大多数差异表达基因（ACS, ACOs, ETRs）以及淀粉和蔗糖代谢（BAMs， SPS， PFK， TPP）在冷链中断期间上调，而与类黄酮生物合成相关的DEGs （4CLs， CHI, F3'H）下调。此外，转录因子AcHsfA3a被发现与黄酮类化合物和鉴定的生物标志物相关。本研究为调控猕猴桃冷链断裂、提高果实品质、指导冷链运输提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing phosphorus and potassium input based on phosphorus and potassium uptake characteristics in young dwarf apple trees

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113994

Zhaoxia Zheng , Chao Shi , Ai Zhang , Eakkarin Sukkaew , Xuechen Zhang , Ziyan Li , Wei Zheng , Bingnian Zhai

The nutrient requirements of apple trees for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), as reflected in their uptake characteristics, are crucial for formulating appropriate fertilizer application strategies and improving P and K use efficiency. However, uncertainties persist concerning the uptake of these two elements in apple trees. A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was conducted in a newly built dwarf ‘Fuji’ apple orchard, with and without nitrogen (N) fertilizer (75 kg N ha^–1), to determine the uptake patterns of P and K by trees and the contribution of reserve P and K to total P and K. The results showed that the annual requirement for young dwarf apple trees was 1.4–1.8 kg P ha^–1 and 5.3–8.6 kg K ha^–1 at a P: K ratio of 1.0: (3.3–5.6). N fertilization had no significant effect on fruit yield, quality, nutrient absorption, and partitioning of the young apple trees. There was a significant positive relationship between P and K partitioning and biomass partitioning. Both P and K uptake were directly affected by the tree growth status. In the 2019–2020 season, the peak of P and K uptake occurred from the end of spring shoot growth to nutrient withdrawal, when 76.2 % of P and 76.1 % of K were absorbed by the trees. From nutrient withdrawal to dormancy, the nutrient uptake decreased, accounting for only 16.5 % and 7.4 % of P and K uptake, respectively. In the 2020–2021 season, the nutrient uptake peaked from spring shoot slow growth to the end of spring shoot growth. The proportion of P and K absorbed at this duration was 53.4 % and 57.2 %, respectively. However, P and K uptake was limited from nutrient withdrawal to dormancy and from the end of spring shoot growth to autumn shoot growth. Notably, >85 % of the P and 55 %–67 % of the K in the trees were correspondingly derived from the reserve P and K at spring shoot slow growth in the two seasons. The P and K fertilization can be synchronized with the tree demand by increasing the amount during the peak of tree uptake and reducing the application during stages of inactive uptake. The contribution of reserve P and K in trees must be considered when developing fertilization strategies for fruit trees.

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR/Cas technology in vegetable crops for improving biotic, abiotic stress and quality traits: Challenges and opportunities CRISPR/Cas技术在蔬菜作物中用于改善生物、非生物胁迫和品质性状：挑战与机遇

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113957

Sweta B. Kushwaha , C.R. Nagesh , Smita S. Lele , C. Viswanathan , G. Rama Prashat , Suneha Goswami , Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar , Nandkumar Kunchge , Jyoti S. Gokhale , T. Vinutha

Vegetables are indispensable nutritional sources, forming a significant part of the human diet and holding substantial market value. However, with the expanding global population, there is an urgent need to prioritize the consumption of high-quality vegetables to improve health and address the risks posed by biotic and abiotic stresses. Conventional breeding methods are time-consuming and challenging. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas is an innovative breeding approach that offers specificity, precision, efficiency, affordability, productivity and sustainability. This review highlights the application of CRISPR/Cas technology in vegetable crop improvement and underscores its potential to revolutionize the development of novel vegetable products. The technology addresses challenges in vegetable farming and contributes to global food security by developing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and improving quality traits. The review provides an overview of Site-Directed Nuclease (SDN)-based approaches for crop improvement, the use of Cas variants as genome editing tools, and the challenges associated with editing vegetables. It also elaborates on the regulatory and commercial status of CRISPR/Cas-edited traits. Additionally, it discusses the integration of protoplast and AI-based technologies with CRISPR/Cas to overcome editing challenges and explores the broader capabilities of CRISPR/Cas beyond genome editing. The full potential of CRISPR/Cas technology in developing novel vegetable products with multiple desirable traits is yet to be fully realized, but its judicious application could unlock significant advancements in vegetable crop improvement.

蔬菜是不可缺少的营养来源，是人类饮食的重要组成部分，具有巨大的市场价值。然而，随着全球人口的不断扩大，迫切需要优先考虑高质量蔬菜的消费，以改善健康并解决生物和非生物压力带来的风险。传统的育种方法既耗时又具有挑战性。相比之下，CRISPR/Cas是一种创新的育种方法，具有特异性、精确性、效率、可负担性、生产力和可持续性。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas技术在蔬菜作物改良中的应用，并强调了其在新型蔬菜产品开发中的革命性潜力。该技术解决了蔬菜种植面临的挑战，并通过发展对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性以及提高质量性状，为全球粮食安全做出了贡献。这篇综述综述了基于位点定向核酸酶（SDN）的作物改良方法、Cas变体作为基因组编辑工具的使用，以及与编辑蔬菜相关的挑战。它还详细阐述了CRISPR/ cas编辑性状的监管和商业地位。此外，它还讨论了原生质体和基于人工智能的技术与CRISPR/Cas的整合，以克服编辑挑战，并探讨了CRISPR/Cas在基因组编辑之外的更广泛的功能。CRISPR/Cas技术在开发具有多种理想性状的新型蔬菜产品方面的全部潜力尚未充分实现，但其明智的应用可能会在蔬菜作物改良方面取得重大进展。

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引用次数: 0

Biocontrol activities and mechanisms of endophytic Bacillus licheniformis SY41 against Atractylodes chinensis root rot

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113995

Siyuan Xie , He Si , Shiqiang Wang , Yizhong Duan , Zhezhi Wang , Junfeng Niu

Atractylodes chinensis is a important perennial medicinal plant in East Asia. Root rot, a devastating disease, severely reduces its yield and quality. Plant endophytes may be an effective biological control agent without detrimental effects on the environment or non-target organisms. In this study, 32 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from healthy A. chinensis root tissues. Among them, strain SY41 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects against F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. redolens. Strain SY41 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis, demonstrating broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, strain SY41 significantly reduced the germination of pathogenic spores. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that cell-free supernatants (CFS) of strain SY41 severely damaged the cell wall structures of mycelium. VOCs produced by strain SY41 disrupted the integrity of the cell membrane of pathogenic fungi, leading to the leakage of intracellular contents. Meanwhile, they induced elevated intracellular MDA levels and the accumulation of ROS in pathogenic fungi. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the genes related to cell wall and cell membrane formation, ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter proteins, and virulence were significantly downregulated in F. oxysporum following VOC treatment. In summary, strain SY41 inhibited pathogenic fungi through various mechanisms of action, making it a potential candidate for controlling A. chinensis root rot.

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引用次数: 0

Mapping a major QTL and development of PCR-based markers to select sweetpotato varieties for direct planting

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113999

Keisuke Suematsu , Takeo Sakaigaichi , Erika Kamada , Rikuta Suzuki , Ryutaro Morita , Naohiro Aoki

Suitability of sweetpotato for direct planting indicates high productivity of daughter roots and low enlargement of the mother root. Direct planting of sweetpotato is labor-saving, but as most varieties are not suited to it, breeding of new varieties is needed. In this study, we crossed a variety unsuitable for direct planting, Koganesengan, and a breeding line suitable for direct planting, Kyushu 199, and used the F₁ population for genome-wide association study. We identified a major QTL on chromosome 11, DPc11.1, that conferred suitability for direct planting in two consecutive years. Using variants in the DPc11.1 region, we developed four PCR-based markers (DPc11_5.72, DPc11_6.18, DPc11_8.69, and DPc11_11.36) and used them to genotype the F₁ lines. A simplex allele of Kyushu 199 in DPc11.1 significantly increased the weight of indirect-daughter roots and decreased the weight of the mother root and direct-daughter roots, suggesting that DPc11.1 regulates distribution of assimilates to the mother root and daughter roots. Among the four markers, the genotype of DPc11_8.69 was particularly strongly related to the traits required for direct planting. Genotyping of various germplasms suggested that DPc11.1 in Kyushu 199 was derived from Resisto, but most major varieties in Japan have no Kyushu 199-type allele of DPc11_8.69. Thus, DPc11_8.69 will be a versatile marker to select progeny suitable for direct planting from populations produced by crossing Kyushu 199 and various Japanese varieties. Our results can accelerate selection in breeding programs for direct planting by marker-assisted selection, and contribute to the development of varieties for direct planting.

{"title":"Mapping a major QTL and development of PCR-based markers to select sweetpotato varieties for direct planting","authors":"Keisuke Suematsu , Takeo Sakaigaichi , Erika Kamada , Rikuta Suzuki , Ryutaro Morita , Naohiro Aoki","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suitability of sweetpotato for direct planting indicates high productivity of daughter roots and low enlargement of the mother root. Direct planting of sweetpotato is labor-saving, but as most varieties are not suited to it, breeding of new varieties is needed. In this study, we crossed a variety unsuitable for direct planting, Koganesengan, and a breeding line suitable for direct planting, Kyushu 199, and used the F<sub>1</sub> population for genome-wide association study. We identified a major QTL on chromosome 11, <em>DPc11.1</em>, that conferred suitability for direct planting in two consecutive years. Using variants in the <em>DPc11.1</em> region, we developed four PCR-based markers (DPc11_5.72, DPc11_6.18, DPc11_8.69, and DPc11_11.36) and used them to genotype the F<sub>1</sub> lines. A simplex allele of Kyushu 199 in <em>DPc11.1</em> significantly increased the weight of indirect-daughter roots and decreased the weight of the mother root and direct-daughter roots, suggesting that <em>DPc11.1</em> regulates distribution of assimilates to the mother root and daughter roots. Among the four markers, the genotype of DPc11_8.69 was particularly strongly related to the traits required for direct planting. Genotyping of various germplasms suggested that <em>DPc11.1</em> in Kyushu 199 was derived from Resisto, but most major varieties in Japan have no Kyushu 199-type allele of DPc11_8.69. Thus, DPc11_8.69 will be a versatile marker to select progeny suitable for direct planting from populations produced by crossing Kyushu 199 and various Japanese varieties. Our results can accelerate selection in breeding programs for direct planting by marker-assisted selection, and contribute to the development of varieties for direct planting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 113999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143292314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenotypic, stability and adaptation analysis of vegetable pea (Pisum sativum var hortense L.) genotypes for high-temperature stress tolerance 蔬菜豌豆（Pisum sativum var hortense L.）耐高温胁迫基因型的表型、稳定性及适应性分析

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113915

Jyoti Devi , Vidya Sagar , R.K. Dubey , Rajeev Kumar , Anant Bahadur , Ravindra K. Verma , N. Rai , T.K. Behera

Climate change has driven pea breeders to develop climate-resilient, high-yielding cultivars suitable for a wide range of conditions. Farmers prefer short-duration cultivars that can be planted early or late, maximising returns and supporting multiple cropping. The present study evaluated 22 vegetable pea genotypes under high-temperature stress (25–34 °C) in five environments, exposing plants to stress during the vegetative and reproductive stages. Compared to normal conditions, stressed conditions (TS1: T_Max 34 °C, T_Min 21 °C at vegetative stage; T_Max 32 °C, T_Min 15 °C at flowering) resulted in 39.4 % reductions in pod length, 70.7 % in plant height, 85.8 % in total pod formation, and 96.8 % in pod yield/hectare. Based upon five tolerance indices viz., HSI, TOL, MP, PYR and YSI, the genotypes VRPE-955, Kashi Udai, VRPE-29, VRPE-30, Kashi Purvi and VRPE-944 exhibited high pod yield under stress conditions. Trait association analysis revealed that total pod formation/plant, ovule-to-seed conversion, 10-pod weight, and pod length are critical selection traits. PCA revealed that associations between traits varied across environments, with above-mentioned traits showing maximum loading on PC1. Stability analysis using AMMI and GGE biplots revealed that VRPE-100, VRPE-30, VRPE-953, VRPE-955, and VRPE-29 are well-adapted to high temperatures. Multi-trait stability indices showed that VRPE-953, VRPE-944, and VRPE-18 were the most stable, making them suitable for multi-cropping in variable conditions.

气候变化促使豌豆育种者开发适应气候变化的高产品种，以适应各种条件。农民更喜欢可以早播或晚播的短生育期品种，这样可以最大限度地提高收益并支持复种。本研究评估了22种蔬菜豌豆基因型在5种环境下的高温胁迫（25-34℃），将植物暴露在营养和生殖阶段的胁迫下。与正常条件相比，应激条件(TS1：营养期TMax 34°C， TMin 21°C；最高温度32°C，最低温度15°C（花期），使荚果长度减少39.4%，株高减少70.7%，总荚果形成减少85.8%，每公顷荚果产量减少96.8%。根据HSI、TOL、MP、PYR和YSI 5个耐性指标，VRPE-955、Kashi Udai、VRPE-29、VRPE-30、Kashi Purvi和VRPE-944基因型在胁迫条件下荚果产量较高。性状关联分析表明，单株总荚果数、胚珠到种子的转化率、10荚重和荚果长是关键的选择性状。PCA结果表明，不同环境下各性状间的相关性存在差异，上述性状对PC1的负荷最大。利用AMMI和GGE双标图对VRPE-100、VRPE-30、VRPE-953、VRPE-955和VRPE-29进行稳定性分析，结果表明VRPE-100、VRPE-30、VRPE-955和VRPE-29具有较好的高温适应性。多性状稳定性指标表明，VRPE-953、VRPE-944和VRPE-18最稳定，适合在可变条件下复作。

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引用次数: 0

Pyruvic acid improves cold-storage quality of plum fruit by stimulating cyanide-resistant respiration and regulating sugar metabolism 丙酮酸通过刺激酸梅果实抗氰呼吸和调节糖代谢来改善果实冷藏品质

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113926

Nan Guo, Yanan Yan, Qingfeng Li, Yang Yang

The current study investigates the impact of pyruvic acid (PA) as an activator of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) on enhancing the cold tolerance of post-harvest plum fruit (cv. 'Dazi'), and explores the underlying mechanism. Using distilled water as a control treatment, the plum fruits were soaked separately in solutions of 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM PA and stored at 4 ℃, with the degree of chilling injury (CI) evaluated every 6 days. Fruits treated with 5 mM PA exhibited a much reduced rate and index of CI. The treatment with 5 mM PA enhanced the activity of alternating oxidase (AOX) and the relative expression of PsCBF2 of fruits. Although the activity of sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) I decreased after treatment, the content of sucrose and fructose increased due to the elevated activities of sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) II, NAD+-sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14), and NADP+-sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.B60), resulting in improved flavor, particularly sweetness. The correlation of CI index, AOX activity, relative expression of PsCBF2 and sugar metabolism of fruits was strengthened by treatment. The present findings demonstrate that treatment with 5 mM PA could enhance the cold-storage quality of plum fruit by inducing CRR to regulate sugar metabolism, while also involving PsCBF2 in regulatory.

本研究研究了丙酮酸（PA）作为抗氰呼吸（CRR）活化剂对提高采后李子果实（cv）耐寒性的影响。“大子”)，并探讨了潜在的机制。以蒸馏水为对照处理，分别在1 mM、5 mM和10 mM PA的溶液中浸泡，4℃保存，每6 d评估一次冷害程度（CI）。5 mM PA处理的果实CI率和CI指数明显降低。5 mM PA处理提高了果实的交替氧化酶（AOX）活性和PsCBF2的相对表达量。虽然处理后蔗糖合酶（EC 2.4.1.13） I的活性降低，但由于蔗糖合酶（EC 2.4.1.13） II、NAD+-山梨醇脱氢酶（EC 1.1.1.14）和NADP+-山梨醇脱氢酶（EC 1.1.1.B60）活性的提高，蔗糖和果糖的含量增加，从而改善了风味，尤其是甜味。处理后CI指数、AOX活性、PsCBF2相对表达量与果实糖代谢的相关性增强。结果表明，5 mM PA处理可通过诱导CRR调控糖代谢，同时PsCBF2也参与调控，从而提高李子果实的冷藏品质。

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引用次数: 0

Calcium application regulates fruit cracking by cross-linking of fruit peel pectin during young fruit growth stage of citrus 在柑桔幼果生长阶段，施钙通过果皮果胶交联调控果实开裂

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113922

ZhiHao Dong , XingJian Shi , XiaoMan Liu , Anoop Kumar Srivastava , XiaoJun Shi , YueQiang Zhang , ChengXiao Hu , FuSuo Zhang

We conducted a meticulous analysis to elucidate the physiological responses to calcium supplementation at the young fruit growth and fruit expansion stages, focusing on its impact on fruit pericarp development. Our study demonstrated that calcium application significantly reduced fruit cracking by 71.09 %, increased fruit load by 16.73 %, and enhanced yield by 17.39 %. Notably, calcium application during the young fruit growth stage had a more pronounced effect on yield improvement. TEM-EDS spectral analysis revealed that calcium application increased calcium distribution within pericarp intercellular spaces, facilitating cross-linking of demethylated pectin with calcium ions and altering pectin composition. This led to a predominance of stable ionic and covalently bound pectins during fruit pericarp thickening, reducing labile water-soluble pectins. This change significantly inhibited the degradation and softening processes of the fruit pericarp by enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and polygalacturonase, allowing the fruit pericarp to maintain a higher degree of firmness. The denser cellular arrangement and increased hardness effectively combated fruit cracking. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of calcium in pericarp development and provide a physiological basis for reducing fruit cracking.

我们对补钙在幼果生长和果实膨大阶段的生理反应进行了细致的分析，重点研究了补钙对果皮发育的影响。结果表明，施钙可显著降低果实开裂率71.09%，提高果实负荷16.73%，增产17.39%。幼果生育期施钙对产量的提高效果更为显著。TEM-EDS光谱分析表明，钙的施用增加了果皮细胞间隙内钙的分布，促进了去甲基果胶与钙离子的交联，改变了果胶的组成。这导致稳定的离子和共价结合果胶在果皮增厚过程中占优势，减少了不稳定的水溶性果胶。这一变化显著抑制了纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、聚半乳糖醛酸酶等酶对果皮的降解和软化过程，使果皮保持较高的硬度。更密集的细胞排列和硬度的增加有效地防止了果实开裂。我们的研究结果强调了钙在果皮发育中的关键作用，并为减少果实开裂提供了生理基础。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct roles of avocado transcription factors PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 in fatty acid synthesis regulation in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana 牛油果转录因子PaRAP2.4-2和PaERF082-1在转基因拟南芥脂肪酸合成调控中的独特作用

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113935

Xuedong Shi , Butian Wang , Shilang Dong , Mengnan Shi , Chun Xie , Yunfeng Lu , Sumera Anwar , Yu Ge

Avocado is renowned for its high content of fatty acids (FAs), which are essential for human nutrition. Understanding the specific functions of unknown transcription factors (TFs) in FA synthesis in avocado mesocarp is crucial for comprehending the regulation of FA accumulation. PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 may play a role in regulating FA synthesis and increasing accumulation. To understand their specific function in FA synthesis, PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 overexpressing and atrap2.4–2 knockout mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transcriptome, FA accumulation, and lipid droplet histological observations were then performed. Furthermore, functional characterization of these TFs was conducted to investigate their roles in FA accumulation. This study determined that PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 are in the nucleus. Transcriptomic, biochemical, and histological analyses of PaRAP2.4-2 overexpression in transgenic A. thaliana plants revealed 16 up-regulated genes related to FA synthesis, triacylglycerol assembly, and lipid droplet formation, as well as increased FA contents and lipid droplet area compared to the wild type, implying that PaRAP2.4-2 contributes to enhancing FA accumulation. Moreover, the overexpression of PaERF082-1 in transgenic A. thaliana plants led to up-regulation of the expression of only 7 genes linked to FA synthesis and TAG (triacylglycerol) assembly, exerting a negligible effect on FA accumulation. However, the FA contents and lipid droplet area in the atrap2.4–2 knockout mutant were not significantly changed compared with the wild type. These results highlight the distinct roles of PaRAP2.4-2 and PaERF082-1 in modulating FA metabolism in avocado, providing a foundation for further studies on the relationship between AP2/ERF transcription factors and FA accumulation.

牛油果以其高含量的脂肪酸（FAs）而闻名，这是人体营养所必需的。了解未知转录因子（TFs）在牛油果中果皮FA合成中的具体功能，对于理解FA积累的调控至关重要。PaRAP2.4-2和PaERF082-1可能在调节FA合成和增加积累中发挥作用。为了了解它们在FA合成中的具体功能，我们利用农杆菌介导转化和CRISPR/Cas9系统生成拟南芥PaRAP2.4-2和PaERF082-1过表达突变体和atrap2.4-2敲除突变体。然后进行转录组、FA积累和脂滴组织学观察。此外，对这些tf进行了功能表征，以研究它们在FA积累中的作用。本研究确定PaRAP2.4-2和PaERF082-1位于细胞核中。对PaRAP2.4-2过表达的转录组学、生化和组织学分析显示，与野生型相比，PaRAP2.4-2基因上调了16个与FA合成、甘油三酯组装和脂滴形成相关的基因，增加了FA含量和脂滴面积，这表明PaRAP2.4-2基因促进了FA的积累。此外，PaERF082-1在转基因南芥中过表达，导致与FA合成和TAG（三酰基甘油）组装相关的7个基因表达上调，对FA积累的影响可以忽略不计。然而，与野生型相比，atrap2.4-2基因敲除突变体的FA含量和脂滴面积没有显著变化。这些结果突出了PaRAP2.4-2和PaERF082-1在调节鳄梨FA代谢中的独特作用，为进一步研究AP2/ERF转录因子与FA积累的关系奠定了基础。

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