Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献_第10页

A smartphone platform for portable and cost-effective micro- and nanoparticle sizing 一个智能手机平台，用于便携式和具有成本效益的微型和纳米颗粒尺寸

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117372

Ungkarn Jarujareet , Pimpisid Koonyosying

Micro- and nanoparticle sizing is a crucial parameter in numerous fields, including nanoparticle-based diagnostics, water treatment and filtration, and the synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles. Accurate and reliable sizing is essential for understanding how it affects the properties of the final product. Various approaches for micro- and nanoparticle sizing have been developed. Recently, differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) has emerged as a technique that combines dynamic light scattering and microscopy to investigate particle sizing using a standard light microscope. However, conventional DDM systems are bulky, non-portable, and currently unable to determine the size distribution of multi-modal particles. We aimed to develop a smartphone-based differential dynamic microscopy system for non-destructive, label-free micro- and nanoparticle sizing. This device consists of a reversed lens mounted in 3D-printed material, creating a highly compact and cost-effective microscope for the proposed smartphone-based particle sizing platform. The device acquires a series of images of dispersed particles that experience Brownian motion in a solution, then analyzes them using a differential dynamic algorithm and a non-negative least-squares approach to determine size distribution within four minutes when six concurrent processes are utilized. The proposed smartphone-based demonstration showed that the device can determine the size of gold nanoparticles as small as 30 nm using a 10 µL sample volume, highlighting its potential for applications in nanoparticle-based diagnostics and micro- and nanomaterial synthesis.

微纳米颗粒的大小是许多领域的关键参数，包括基于纳米颗粒的诊断、水处理和过滤，以及微纳米颗粒的合成。准确可靠的施胶对于了解其如何影响最终产品的性能至关重要。各种微粒子和纳米粒子的施胶方法已经被开发出来。近年来，差分动态显微镜（DDM）作为一种结合了动态光散射和显微镜的技术，在标准光学显微镜下研究了颗粒的大小。然而，传统的DDM系统体积庞大，不便携，目前无法确定多模态颗粒的尺寸分布。我们的目标是开发一种基于智能手机的差分动态显微镜系统，用于非破坏性，无标签的微颗粒和纳米颗粒尺寸。该设备由一个安装在3d打印材料上的反向透镜组成，为拟议的基于智能手机的粒度测量平台创建了一个高度紧凑且具有成本效益的显微镜。该装置获取了一系列在溶液中经历布朗运动的分散粒子的图像，然后使用微分动态算法和非负最小二乘方法对它们进行分析，以确定在6个并发过程中4分钟内的大小分布。基于智能手机的演示表明，该设备可以在10µL的样品体积下确定小至30 nm的金纳米颗粒的大小，这突出了其在基于纳米颗粒的诊断和微纳米材料合成方面的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrabroadband single-wavelength dip in a high-sensitivity fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer using a refractive-index-selected liquid core 使用折射率选择液体芯的高灵敏度光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的超宽带单波长dip

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117355

Cheng-Ling Lee, Yan-Han Lu, Wei-Jhou Chen, Yi-Chia Hsia, Ching-Hsiang Shih, Wen-Hsun Hsieh

We present a high-sensitivity fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (FMZI) that uses a refractive-index-selected liquid core to realize an ultrabroadband single-wavelength dip

(λ_{single})

across 1250–1650 nm with an ultrawide free spectral range (FSR) ≥ 400 nm (up to ∼1000 nm). The device is formed by splicing a short hollow-core fiber (HCF) segment of length

L_{c}

(10 µm core) and filling it with a liquid of refractive index

n_{D} < n_{cl}

, which sets the modal effective-index difference and collapses the interference-fringe comb into a high-extinction dip at a deterministic wavelength within the measurement window. We further introduce closed-form, experimentally validated operating-point maps that link the fabrication and filling variables

(L_{c}, n_{D})

to the spectral outcomes

(λ_{single}, FSR)

, enabling on-demand placement of the single-wavelength dip and the target FSR. This single-wavelength-dip, large-FSR scheme removes fringe overlap and order ambiguity, allowing unambiguous demodulation. Experiments on several FMZI configurations confirm isolated single-wavelength-dip operation over 1250–1650 nm with strictly monotonic thermal redshifts; the dip’s high-temperature sensitivity approaches + 20 nm / °C for

n_{D} = 1.424

.

我们提出了一种高灵敏度光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪（FMZI），该干涉仪使用折射率选择的液体芯，在1250-1650 nm之间实现了超宽带单波长倾角λ单波长，超宽自由光谱范围(FSR)≥400 nm（高达~ 1000 nm）。该器件是通过拼接长度为Lc（10µm芯）的短空心芯光纤（HCF）段，并填充折射率为nD<；ncl的液体形成的，该液体设置了模态有效指数差，并将干涉条纹梳折叠成测量窗口内确定波长的高消光dip。我们进一步引入封闭形式，实验验证的工作点图，将制造和填充变量（Lc,nD）与光谱结果（λsingle，FSR）联系起来，实现单波长倾角和目标FSR的按需放置。这种单波长倾角，大fsr方案消除条纹重叠和顺序模糊，允许无二义解调。几种FMZI配置的实验证实了1250-1650 nm范围内的孤立单波长倾斜操作，具有严格的单调热红移；当nD=1.424时，dip的高温灵敏度接近+ 20 nm /°C。

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引用次数: 0

The synergistic evolution of pipeline MFL inspection: A review on the fusion of physical models, AI, and multi-modal sensing 管道漏磁检测的协同演化：物理模型、人工智能和多模态传感融合研究综述

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117367

Zhichuan Qiu , Ping Huang , Fuyin Zheng , Pengpeng Shi , Lijian Yang , Bin Liu , Bo Gao , Luyao He , Anying Chai , Meng Shi , Shi Bai

Magnetic flux leakage is a cornerstone technology for ensuring the structural integrity of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, a critical component of both energy security and environmental protection. However, with increasingly stringent inspection requirements, traditional MFL techniques are constrained by limitations in accuracy, efficiency, and reliability. This paper reviews the evolution of modern MFL technology to address these challenges. It first traces the development of MFL physical models from classical magnetic dipoles to sophisticated multi-physics field coupling, which establishes the theoretical foundation for advanced signal interpretation and technical optimization. The review then examines the pivotal role of artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning and deep learning, in automating and intellectualizing key tasks such as signal denoising, defect classification, and size inversion. Furthermore, this paper systematically analyzes the synergistic application of MFL with complementary non-destructive testing methods, including electromagnetic ultrasound, eddy current, and magneto-optical imaging. These integrated approaches, through multimodal information complementarity, fundamentally expand the perceptual dimensions of detection systems, overcoming the inherent limitations of single-sensing modalities. The findings indicate that the advancement of modern MFL detection is not a linear progression but rather an integrated evolution characterized by the synchronous development of physical models, intelligent algorithms, and multimodal sensing. This review aims to delineate this integrated paradigm, offering a clear technical roadmap for researchers and providing theoretical insights and methodological references for tackling more complex pipeline inspection challenges in the future.

漏磁是保障油气长输管道结构完整性的基石技术，是能源安全和环境保护的重要组成部分。然而，随着检测要求的日益严格，传统的MFL技术受到精度、效率和可靠性的限制。本文回顾了现代MFL技术的发展，以应对这些挑战。首先追溯了磁偶极子物理模型从经典磁偶极子到复杂的多物理场耦合的发展历程，为先进的信号解释和技术优化奠定了理论基础。然后回顾了人工智能的关键作用，特别是机器学习和深度学习，在自动化和智能化关键任务，如信号去噪，缺陷分类和尺寸反演。在此基础上，系统分析了MFL与电磁超声、涡流、磁光成像等互补无损检测方法的协同应用。这些综合方法通过多模态信息互补，从根本上扩展了检测系统的感知维度，克服了单一传感模式的固有局限性。研究结果表明，现代MFL检测的发展不是线性的，而是物理模型、智能算法和多模态传感同步发展的综合进化过程。本文旨在描述这种集成的范式，为研究人员提供清晰的技术路线图，并为未来应对更复杂的管道检测挑战提供理论见解和方法参考。

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引用次数: 0

A low-cost, portable, and highly environmentally adaptive impact force sensor based on mechanoluminescence intensity ratio 一种基于机械发光强度比的低成本、便携、高环境适应性的冲击力传感器

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117375

Yanchang Zheng , Jie Zhu , Jintao He , Zilong Yu , Liyong Qian , Yuelin Lu , Xiang Wang

This study presents a low-cost, portable, and highly environmentally adaptive impact force sensor based on the mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity ratio, integrating detection, data processing, and result display into a single system. The sensor is designed such that its mechanoluminescent film and the detection module can be separated, enabling non-contact long-distance measurements. Two mechanoluminescent materials, ZnS: Cu^2 + and ZnS: Mn²⁺, were selected to fabricate a flexible film, and its mechanoluminescent spectral response was investigated. A linear relationship between the ML intensity peak ratio and the impact force was established. Based on this, a prototype impact-force sensor was developed, with overall dimensions of only 13.5 × 10 × 9.5 cm and a very low manufacturing cost of approximately RMB 3000. Subsequently, the sensor was calibrated, and its performance in terms of response range, measurement error, and resistance to environmental interference was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the sensor exhibited a good linear response over an impact-force range of 24.8 N to 216.6 N, with a measurement error below 2.5 %, and was insensitive to variations in measurement distance and ambient light. The sensor was further applied to a table tennis impact-force testing scenario, confirming its potential for evaluating player performance and assisting in training. With its low cost, high portability, and strong environmental adaptability, the sensor offers excellent application flexibility and promising prospects for practical deployment.

本研究提出了一种基于机械发光（ML）强度比的低成本、便携式、高环境适应性的冲击力传感器，将检测、数据处理和结果显示集成到一个系统中。该传感器的设计使其机械发光膜和检测模块可以分离，从而实现非接触式长距离测量。选择ZnS: Cu2 +和ZnS: Mn2+两种机械发光材料制备柔性薄膜，并对其机械发光光谱响应进行了研究。建立了ML强度峰值比与冲击力之间的线性关系。在此基础上，研制了一种原型冲击力传感器，其整体尺寸仅为13.5 × 10 × 9.5 cm，制造成本非常低，约为3000元人民币。随后，对传感器进行了标定，并从响应范围、测量误差和抗环境干扰等方面对其性能进行了评价。结果表明，该传感器在24.8 N ~ 216.6 N的冲击力范围内具有良好的线性响应，测量误差低于2.5 %，且对测量距离和环境光的变化不敏感。该传感器进一步应用于乒乓球冲击力测试场景，证实了其在评估运动员表现和辅助训练方面的潜力。该传感器成本低、便携性强、环境适应性强，具有良好的应用灵活性和实际部署前景。

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引用次数: 0

Perylene-rhodamine 6 G fluorescent probe for metal ion sensing and non-invasive milk spoilage detection in smart packaging applications 苝罗丹明6 用于金属离子传感和无创牛奶变质检测的G荧光探针在智能包装中的应用

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117371

Amin Hosseini Sharifabad , Marzieh Golshan , Ali Yaghoubi Bagha , Seyedeh-Arefeh Safavi-Mirmahalleh , Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi

With growing concerns over food safety and the need to minimize waste, the development of smart packaging technologies has become increasingly vital. In this study, a colorimetric and fluorescent sensor based on a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide-rhodamine 6 G (PI-Rh6G) hybrid is developed for real-time monitoring of milk spoilage. The PI-Rh6G sensor responds sensitively to environmental changes such as pH, temperature, and metal ions. The structure is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The sensor exhibits sensitive fluorescence (FL) responses on various metal ions (with superior limits of detection; limits of quantification), including FL enhancement for Mn^2 + (0.78 nM; 2.34 nM) and FL quenching for Ni²⁺ (0.19 nM; 0.57 nM) in H₂O, FL quenching for Mn²⁺ (0.01 μM; 0.03 μM) and FL enhancement for Fe³⁺ (0.02 μM; 0.04 μM) in H₂O/EtOH. In practical application, the sensor detects milk spoilage by monitoring pH decrease due to microbial activity, demonstrating high sensitivity, low cost, and real-time, non-invasive detection capability. These findings highlight the PI-Rh6G sensor’s potential as an effective tool in intelligent packaging to ensure food quality and reduce waste.

随着人们对食品安全和减少浪费的日益关注，智能包装技术的发展变得越来越重要。本研究以苝-3,4,9,10-四羧基二亚胺-罗丹明6 G （PI-Rh6G）杂合物为基础，研制了一种用于牛奶腐败实时监测的比色荧光传感器。PI-Rh6G传感器对pH、温度、金属离子等环境变化响应灵敏。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和质子核磁共振光谱对其结构进行了确证。传感器展品敏感荧光(FL)反应在不同金属离子(以精良的检测的局限性;量化的极限),包括FL增强Mn2 +(0.78 nM; 2.34 海里)和FL淬火Ni2 +(0.57 0.19 nM; 海里)在水,FL淬火Mn2 +(0.01 μM, 0.03μM)和FL增强Fe3 +(0.02 μM, 0.04μM)在水/ EtOH。在实际应用中，该传感器通过监测微生物活动导致的pH值下降来检测牛奶变质，具有高灵敏度、低成本、实时、无创检测能力。这些发现突出了PI-Rh6G传感器作为智能包装有效工具的潜力，以确保食品质量和减少浪费。

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引用次数: 0

Compact packaging of high-throughput flexible neural multielectrode arrays for In vivo recording 用于体内记录的高通量柔性神经多电极阵列的紧凑封装

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117347

Xinghan Zhang , Xiwen Zhang , Yang Wang , Rongyu Tang , Qiang Gui , Huan Wei , Zhengping Wu , Yijun Wang , Weihua Pei

Flexible neural multielectrode arrays (fMEAs) possess a lower Young’s modulus and, compared with rigid electrodes, better conform to brain tissue, offering the potential for long-term in vivo recording of single-neuron spiking activity. However, conventional packaging approaches impose volumetric and weight constraints, especially as the number of electrode filaments and recording channels increases to meet growing demands for neuronal sampling. These limitations can interfere with the natural behavior of implanted subjects. In this study, integration of a multi-channel neural signal amplifier chip with an fMEA reduced the device volume to 10 × 12.66 × 1.6 mm³ and the weight to 0.383 g. A set of fMEAs including 8 microfilaments and 256 channels was fabricated and successfully integrated using this approach. Furthermore, a batch in-situ modification method for electrodes on wafer was proposed and enabled implantation of fMEAs individually in a high-throughput and compact manner. In vivo recording experiments demonstrated the feasibility of small-volume packaging for high-throughput fMEAs. This study provides a solution for high-throughput, multi-week recordings of neuronal activity in small animals.

柔性神经多电极阵列（fmea）具有较低的杨氏模量，与刚性电极相比，更符合脑组织，为长期记录单个神经元的峰值活动提供了可能。然而，传统的封装方法施加了体积和重量的限制，特别是当电极丝和记录通道的数量增加以满足不断增长的神经元采样需求时。这些限制会干扰植入对象的自然行为。在本研究中，将多通道神经信号放大芯片与fMEA集成，使器件体积减小到10 × 12.66 × 1.6 mm³ ，重量减小到0.383 g。利用该方法制备了一组包含8根微丝和256个通道的fmea并成功集成。此外，还提出了一种硅片电极的批量原位修饰方法，实现了fmea的高通量和紧凑植入。体内记录实验证明了小体积封装高通量fmea的可行性。这项研究为小动物神经元活动的高通量、多周记录提供了一种解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Self-healing repairing flexible pressure sensor based on liquid metal-graphene aerogel/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-polyurethane composites film for human motion detection 基于液态金属-石墨烯气凝胶/多壁碳纳米管-聚氨酯复合膜的人体运动检测自修复柔性压力传感器

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117374

Xiaoyu Zhou , Mengmeng Tan , Yuyan Sun , Yi Li , Dun Jin , Xiao Yu , Fenghua Li , Haitao Wang , Qixian Zhang

The development of flexible materials and intelligent technology has made the realization of electronic skin (e-skin) possible. It is a challenge to design biomimetic electronic skin with high sensitivity and self-healing ability. For this reason, a liquid metal-graphene aerogel/multi-wall carbon nanotubes-polyurethane (LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU) composite flexible pressure sensor was developed to mimic human skin. Among its components, the graphene aerogel carrying liquid metal mimics subcutaneous tissue, multi-wall carbon nanotubes enhance the conductivity and toughness of the matrix, and polyurethane is added to improve the self-healing ability of the composite. As a piezoresistive sensor, it exhibits high sensitivity (8.37 kPa⁻¹), excellent fatigue resistance (with stability maintained over at least 10,000 uninterrupted cycles), and a rapid response time (254/220 ms), which facilitates the real-time tracking of human motion and signal transmission. The resulting LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU composite has potential applications in the fields of intelligent flexible wearables and physiological signal transmission devices.

柔性材料和智能技术的发展使电子皮肤（e-skin）的实现成为可能。设计具有高灵敏度和自愈能力的仿生电子皮肤是一个挑战。为此，开发了一种液态金属-石墨烯气凝胶/多壁碳纳米管-聚氨酯（LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU）复合柔性压力传感器来模拟人体皮肤。其中，携带液态金属的石墨烯气凝胶模拟皮下组织，多壁碳纳米管增强了基体的导电性和韧性，聚氨酯的加入提高了复合材料的自修复能力。作为一种压阻式传感器，它具有高灵敏度（8.37 kPa−1），优异的抗疲劳性（在至少10,000个不间断循环中保持稳定性）和快速响应时间（254/220 ms），有助于实时跟踪人体运动和信号传输。LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU复合材料在智能柔性可穿戴设备和生理信号传输设备等领域具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Correlation of mechanical and structural properties of GaN epitaxial layers for effective design of MEMS resonator structure GaN外延层力学性能与结构性能的相关性为MEMS谐振腔结构的有效设计提供了依据

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117360

Sharmila , Anuj Kumar Vashisth , Hemant Kumar Sharma , Sandeep Dalal , Kapil Narang , Vikash Kumar Singh , Shankar Dutta , Pandian Senthil Kumar , Akhilesh Pandey

With the evolution of epitaxial Gallium nitride (GaN) layers over a period, it expanded its wings from high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT) to micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based devices. The properties of the epitaxial layer greatly influence the performance of the HEMT and MEMS devices. This paper discusses hetero-epitaxial growth, structural and mechanical characterisation of GaN layers on three different substrates (SiC, sapphire, and Si (111)) for MEMS resonator application. The crystalline quality of the epitaxial films is evaluated by X-ray rocking curve measurements along the (0002) and (10−11) planes. The GaN/ SiC exhibited reduced screw dislocation density ∼1.28 × 10⁷ cm⁻² and edge dislocation density∼1.24 × 10⁹ cm⁻² compared to the other two epitaxial layers. The reciprocal space map (RSM) of the samples revealed the presence of in-plane compressive stress and out-of-plane tensile stress in the GaN/SiC and GaN/sapphire samples, while GaN/Si (111) sample has in-plane tensile and out-of-plane compressive stress components. The nanoindentation testing of the epitaxial layers showed an increased elastic modulus by 11.2–19 % and the hardness decreased by 2.5–23 % from their theoretical values. The effect of generated stress components coupled with the modified elastic modulus and hardness on the modal pattern and resonant frequencies of the designed GaN-based butterfly-type resonator structure has been studied. Shift in the resonant frequency (5.5 – 9.1 %) as well as the modal patterns is observed in the designed butterfly resonator. The impact of in-plane and out-of-plane stress has also been studied in the form of unique pattern formation on the wings of the designed MEMS butterfly structure.

随着外延氮化镓（GaN）层在一段时间内的发展，它的翅膀从高电子迁移率晶体管（HEMT）扩展到基于微机电系统（MEMS）的器件。外延层的性能对HEMT和MEMS器件的性能影响很大。本文讨论了用于MEMS谐振器的三种不同衬底（SiC，蓝宝石和Si(111)）上的GaN层的异质外延生长，结构和力学特性。通过沿（0002）和（10−11）平面的x射线摇摆曲线测量来评价外延膜的结晶质量。与其他两种外延层相比，GaN/ SiC的螺旋位错密度降低了~ 1.28 × 107 cm−2，边缘位错密度降低了~ 1.24 × 109 cm−2。样品的倒易空间图（RSM）显示，GaN/SiC和GaN/蓝宝石样品中存在面内压应力和面外拉应力，而GaN/Si（111）样品则存在面内拉应力和面外压应力分量。纳米压痕测试表明，外延层的弹性模量比理论值提高了11.2-19 %，硬度比理论值降低了2.5-23 %。研究了所设计的氮化镓基蝶形谐振器结构中产生的应力分量与修正后的弹性模量和硬度对其模态和谐振频率的影响。在所设计的蝶形谐振器中观察到谐振频率（5.5 - 9.1 %）和模态模式的移位。此外，还研究了面内和面外应力对所设计的MEMS蝴蝶结构机翼形成独特图案的影响。

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引用次数: 0

PVA/CNT-coated core-spun yarn strain sensors with high sensitivity for real-time human motion monitoring 具有高灵敏度的PVA/ cnt包覆包芯纺纱应变传感器，用于实时人体运动监测

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117370

Linlin Cui , Juan Chen , Qufu Wei , Xiang Yan , Qingfa Peng , Juanfen Chen , Mingli Song , Yanni Xu , Jianyun Lin

Flexible fiber-based strain sensors have emerged as key components in next-generation wearable electronics due to their inherent softness, mechanical compliance, and compatibility with textile systems. However, the integration of conductive materials into textile substrates remains a major challenge, primarily due to poor material dispersion and the lack of scalable, substrate-compatible fabrication processes. In this work, we address these limitations by developing a PVA/CNT-coated polyester/spandex core-spun yarn-based strain sensor via a continuous dip-coating strategy. The incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) facilitates strong hydrogen bonding between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the yarn surface, thereby enhancing the structural integrity and electrical conductivity of the composite. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of a stacked-layer architecture, the resulting sensor exhibits a wide working strain range, high sensitivity (GF of 1481.5), rapid response time, ultralow detection limit and excellent durability over 1000 loading–unloading cycles under 5 % strain. The sensor reliably captures full-range limb motion signals in real time when applied to various joints of the human body. This study presents a scalable, low-cost, and structurally stable approach for developing high-performance CNT-based yarn strain sensors, offering significant promise for applications in wearable health monitoring and human–machine interfaces.

基于柔性纤维的应变传感器由于其固有的柔软性、机械顺应性和与纺织系统的兼容性，已成为下一代可穿戴电子产品的关键部件。然而，将导电材料集成到纺织基材中仍然是一个主要的挑战，主要是由于材料分散性差和缺乏可扩展的、基材兼容的制造工艺。在这项工作中，我们通过连续浸渍涂层策略开发了PVA/ cnt涂层聚酯/氨纶包芯纺纱应变传感器，从而解决了这些限制。聚乙烯醇（PVA）的加入促进了碳纳米管（CNTs）与纱线表面之间的强氢键，从而增强了复合材料的结构完整性和导电性。得益于叠层结构的协同效应，该传感器具有宽应变范围、高灵敏度（GF为1481.5）、快速响应时间、超低检测极限以及在5 %应变下超过1000次加载-卸载循环的优异耐久性。该传感器应用于人体各个关节时，可实时可靠地捕获全范围肢体运动信号。这项研究提出了一种可扩展、低成本和结构稳定的方法来开发高性能的基于碳纳米管的纱线应变传感器，为可穿戴健康监测和人机界面的应用提供了重要的前景。

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引用次数: 0

A mode-localized highly curved micro-beam for sensing applications 用于传感应用的模式局部化高弯曲微光束

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117368

Zakaria Saibaa , Mohamed Hemid , Mehdi Ghommem , Nouha Alcheikh

In this paper, we present an experimental and numerical investigation of a highly curved micro-resonator to enhance linear modal coupling between the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes for sensing applications. Specifically, we examine the phenomena of crossing, veering, and mode localization in micro-resonators with a high initial curvature-to- thickness ratio. A parametric study using the Finite Element Method (FEM) was conducted to adjust the strengthened mode coupling between the first symmetric and first antisymmetric modes. Experimental results on microbeams with high curvature ratios demonstrate that the higher-order modes effectively shift to become the fundamental ones. Moreover, its dynamic behavior and frequency responses were tested under varying electrostatic actuation levels and different electrode configurations at ambient and low-vacuum pressure ranges, demonstrating frequency modulation tuning between the two modes. Mode localization was successfully activated and tuned, resulting in a significant enhancement in pressure-sensing sensitivity. By tracking the frequency response in the mode localized zone, the device exhibited a high sensitivity of 174.6 ppm/Torr in the low-vacuum pressure range (100–760 Torr), which is seven times greater than obtained by tracking a single mode. Additionally, it achieved a sensitivity of 1144.3 ppm/Torr based on amplitude shifts within the 100–400 Torr range, without the need for an active power-consuming actuation. Hence, these results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed micro-device, which leverages passive geometric design to enable highly sensitive and energy-efficient sensing applications, offering a practical solution for applications requiring low power consumption and design simplicity.

在本文中，我们提出了一种高弯曲微谐振器的实验和数值研究，以增强用于传感应用的对称和反对称模式之间的线性模态耦合。具体来说，我们研究了具有高初始曲率与厚度比的微谐振器中的交叉、转向和模式局部化现象。采用有限元法对第一对称模态和第一反对称模态之间的增强模态耦合进行了参数化研究。高曲率比微光束的实验结果表明，高阶模态有效地转变为基阶模态。此外，在环境和低真空压力范围内，测试了不同静电驱动水平和不同电极配置下的动态行为和频率响应，证明了两种模式之间的调频调谐。模式定位被成功激活和调整，从而显著提高了压力传感灵敏度。通过跟踪模式局部区域的频率响应，该器件在低真空压力范围内（100-760 Torr）具有174.6 ppm/Torr的高灵敏度，比跟踪单一模式获得的灵敏度高7倍。此外，基于100-400 Torr范围内的振幅变化，它实现了1144.3 ppm/Torr的灵敏度，而无需主动耗能驱动。因此，这些结果突出了所提出的微器件的有效性，该器件利用被动几何设计实现高灵敏度和高能效的传感应用，为需要低功耗和设计简单的应用提供了实用的解决方案。

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