Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115934
Lifeng Wang, Shangyang Zhang, Lei Dong, Qiang-An Huang
The health condition of bearings is crucial for the safe operation of equipment. In situ, multi-parameter monitoring of the rotating components of bearings facilitates accurate assessment and diagnosis of bearing health. Based on the previous research on LC (Inductor-Capacitor) strain sensor for bearings, a passive wireless multi-parameter LC sensor suitable for in situ monitoring of bearings is proposed. The LC sensor uses dual resonance frequencies together with one quality factor to simultaneously monitor three parameters of bearing. Theoretical derivation and simulation analysis indicate that, due to the adoption of a symmetrical circuit structure, the two resonant frequencies of the LC sensor are independent and do not interfere with each other. Furthermore, the asymmetric analysis shows that under significant parameter asymmetry, the two resonant frequencies still maintain excellent independence. According to the installation position of the bearing, the sensor coil and the sensor circuit are designed to be conformal to the bearing. The acceleration, strain and temperature response curves of the LC sensor are measured by installing it on a circular steel disc that simulates the environment of a bearing. Finally, the LC sensor is successfully demonstrated on a bearing test platform.
{"title":"Passive wireless multi-parameter LC sensing system for in situ health monitoring of bearings","authors":"Lifeng Wang, Shangyang Zhang, Lei Dong, Qiang-An Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The health condition of bearings is crucial for the safe operation of equipment. In situ, multi-parameter monitoring of the rotating components of bearings facilitates accurate assessment and diagnosis of bearing health. Based on the previous research on LC (Inductor-Capacitor) strain sensor for bearings, a passive wireless multi-parameter LC sensor suitable for in situ monitoring of bearings is proposed. The LC sensor uses dual resonance frequencies together with one quality factor to simultaneously monitor three parameters of bearing. Theoretical derivation and simulation analysis indicate that, due to the adoption of a symmetrical circuit structure, the two resonant frequencies of the LC sensor are independent and do not interfere with each other. Furthermore, the asymmetric analysis shows that under significant parameter asymmetry, the two resonant frequencies still maintain excellent independence. According to the installation position of the bearing, the sensor coil and the sensor circuit are designed to be conformal to the bearing. The acceleration, strain and temperature response curves of the LC sensor are measured by installing it on a circular steel disc that simulates the environment of a bearing. Finally, the LC sensor is successfully demonstrated on a bearing test platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115936
Hongrui Zhang , Ya-nan Zhang , Mingyue Wang , Yong Zhao , Bo Han
Quantitative measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels is an essential part of routine medical examinations, disease diagnosis and health status monitoring. In this study, we introduced optical fiber optofluidic laser (FOFL) technology combined with catalytic oxidation reaction to design a laser sensor for sensitive Hb detection. For the H2O2-rhodamine B (RhB) oxidation system, radially emitting FOFL was achieved with a thin-walled hollow optical fiber (HOF) as an optical microcavity and amplified the concentration change of RhB during oxidation by H2O2. Hb was employed as peroxide-mimicking enzyme to catalyze the oxidation system, which sped up the reaction, resulting in an earlier laser extinction time. With the laser extinction time as sensing signal, the Hb sensor achieved a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude and a limit of detection (LOD) of 46.0 pM at an assay time of 40 min. The developed method provides ideas for the exploitation of FOFL biosensing based on catalytic oxidation reactions.
{"title":"Quantification measurement of hemoglobin with large dynamic range and low detection limit via an optical fiber optofluidic laser with enzyme-catalyzed reaction","authors":"Hongrui Zhang , Ya-nan Zhang , Mingyue Wang , Yong Zhao , Bo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels is an essential part of routine medical examinations, disease diagnosis and health status monitoring. In this study, we introduced optical fiber optofluidic laser (FOFL) technology combined with catalytic oxidation reaction to design a laser sensor for sensitive Hb detection. For the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-rhodamine B (RhB) oxidation system, radially emitting FOFL was achieved with a thin-walled hollow optical fiber (HOF) as an optical microcavity and amplified the concentration change of RhB during oxidation by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Hb was employed as peroxide-mimicking enzyme to catalyze the oxidation system, which sped up the reaction, resulting in an earlier laser extinction time. With the laser extinction time as sensing signal, the Hb sensor achieved a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude and a limit of detection (LOD) of 46.0 pM at an assay time of 40 min. The developed method provides ideas for the exploitation of FOFL biosensing based on catalytic oxidation reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro-displacement amplifiers show great potential for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric ceramic stacks. However, designing a compact micro-displacement amplifier with a high amplification ratio and broad bandwidth remains challenging. This article introduces a hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier driven by a piezoelectric ceramic stack with a large amplification ratio, high bandwidth, and eliminating parasitic displacement. Theoretical and simulation analyses are performed for the hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier, optimizing parameters such as edge thin ring thickness and spring stiffness. A prototype was fabricated and tested in a series of experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that, under steady-state conditions, the hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier achieves an amplification ratio of 26.12 with a standard deviation of 2.28. The maximum output displacement is 172.4 at 150 V, and the resonant frequency is 445 Hz under a 20 N load. This study provides a novel approach to designing micro-displacement amplifiers.
微位移放大器在提高压电陶瓷叠层的性能方面显示出巨大的潜力。然而，设计一种具有高放大比和宽带宽的紧凑型微位移放大器仍然具有挑战性。本文介绍了一种由压电陶瓷堆栈驱动的液压微位移放大器，它具有大放大比、高带宽和消除寄生位移的特点。文章对液压微位移放大器进行了理论和仿真分析，优化了边缘薄环厚度和弹簧刚度等参数。制作了一个原型，并在一系列实验中进行了测试。实验结果表明，在稳态条件下，液压微位移放大器的放大比率为 26.12，标准偏差为 2.28。在 150 V 电压下，最大输出位移为 172.4 μm，在 20 N 负载下，谐振频率为 445 Hz。这项研究为设计微位移放大器提供了一种新方法。
{"title":"Design and analysis of a piezo-actuated hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier with high bandwidth and large amplification ratio","authors":"Wanghu Zhan, Shuo Chen, Kai Li, Junkao Liu, Yingxiang Liu, Weishan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-displacement amplifiers show great potential for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric ceramic stacks. However, designing a compact micro-displacement amplifier with a high amplification ratio and broad bandwidth remains challenging. This article introduces a hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier driven by a piezoelectric ceramic stack with a large amplification ratio, high bandwidth, and eliminating parasitic displacement. Theoretical and simulation analyses are performed for the hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier, optimizing parameters such as edge thin ring thickness and spring stiffness. A prototype was fabricated and tested in a series of experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that, under steady-state conditions, the hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier achieves an amplification ratio of 26.12 with a standard deviation of 2.28. The maximum output displacement is 172.4 <span><math><mtext>μm</mtext></math></span> at 150 V, and the resonant frequency is 445 Hz under a 20 N load. This study provides a novel approach to designing micro-displacement amplifiers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115937
Zeyu Kong , Zexiang Yan , Kun Zhang , Yalin Tang , Zhaoyang Ou , Weizheng Yuan , Xianglian Lv , Yang He
Micro-drop ejection technology has been widely employed in cell analysis, drug delivery, microreactors, and various other fields due to its high accuracy and resolution, which can accurately control and dispense liquid materials. However, the current development of this technology faces challenges due to nozzle diameter limitations. Smaller droplets require finer nozzles for ejection. Nevertheless, fine nozzles cause significant fluid resistance, hindering micro-droplet ejection. Overcoming the constraint posed by nozzle and achieving high-precision micro-droplets ejection has become a challenging task for the industry. Inspired by the phenomenon of cavity collapse in nature, we have developed a micro-droplet ejection technology based on actively controlling the cavity collapse within the confined interface. By analyzing the formation and collapse of the liquid cavity, we have identified three ejection modes: no droplet, single droplet, and satellite droplet, and further delineated the boundary conditions for minimizing droplet size and ejecting satellite-free droplets. Using this technology, we achieved precise control over droplet size within a defined range, with the minimum droplet diameter reaching 34 % of the nozzle diameter. Furthermore, the continuous ejection of single droplets demonstrated excellent stability and repeatability. This innovative technology could provide a novel approach to achieve high accuracy and controllability in micro-droplets ejection, liberating it from nozzle constraints, thus expected to play a significant role in the fields of biomedical research, chemical engineering, and printed electronics.
{"title":"Micro-droplet ejection based on controllable cavity collapse within confined interface","authors":"Zeyu Kong , Zexiang Yan , Kun Zhang , Yalin Tang , Zhaoyang Ou , Weizheng Yuan , Xianglian Lv , Yang He","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-drop ejection technology has been widely employed in cell analysis, drug delivery, microreactors, and various other fields due to its high accuracy and resolution, which can accurately control and dispense liquid materials. However, the current development of this technology faces challenges due to nozzle diameter limitations. Smaller droplets require finer nozzles for ejection. Nevertheless, fine nozzles cause significant fluid resistance, hindering micro-droplet ejection. Overcoming the constraint posed by nozzle and achieving high-precision micro-droplets ejection has become a challenging task for the industry. Inspired by the phenomenon of cavity collapse in nature, we have developed a micro-droplet ejection technology based on actively controlling the cavity collapse within the confined interface. By analyzing the formation and collapse of the liquid cavity, we have identified three ejection modes: no droplet, single droplet, and satellite droplet, and further delineated the boundary conditions for minimizing droplet size and ejecting satellite-free droplets. Using this technology, we achieved precise control over droplet size within a defined range, with the minimum droplet diameter reaching 34 % of the nozzle diameter. Furthermore, the continuous ejection of single droplets demonstrated excellent stability and repeatability. This innovative technology could provide a novel approach to achieve high accuracy and controllability in micro-droplets ejection, liberating it from nozzle constraints, thus expected to play a significant role in the fields of biomedical research, chemical engineering, and printed electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115937"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115932
Nikita J. Kapadi , Tejas K. Jadhav , Tulshidas C. Darvade , Ajit R. James , V.R. Reddy , Y.D. Kolekar , Rahul C. Kambale
The (Ba1-xCax)(SnyTi1-y)O3 piezoelectric ceramics (where x=0.016, y=0.024; x=0.032, y=0.048; x=0.048, y=0.072; x=0.064, y=0.096; x=0.08, y=0.12) were designed by conventional solid state reaction method. The crystal structure for the composition of x=0.064 and y=0.096 (abbreviated as BCST-4) possesses the coexistence of non-centrosymmetric rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) tri-lattice symmetries at room temperature, as demonstrated by the structural Rietveld refinement, Raman analysis, and temperature dependence of dielectric study. Because of the R-O-T multiphase coexistence, BCST-4 possesses a superior electromechanical and piezoelectric property viz. kp ∼ 0.45, strain ∼ 0.100 %, d33* ∼ 649 pm/V, and an improved d33 ∼ 452 pC/N, which is comparable to commercially available soft PZT ceramics (d33 ⁓ 370 pC/N). For BCST-4 ceramics, an exceptional electrostriction coefficient Q33 ∼ 0.0434 m4/C2 value was attained. The intrinsic piezo-actuation DC strain was observed to be 130 microstrain (με) and 188 με with ε33 and ε31 modes respectively. The BCST-4 ceramic exhibits a maximum output power of 1.03 mW, a power density of 13.5 µW/mm3, a maximum output current of 88 µA, and an open circuit voltage Vpp of 28 V which successfully glowed ‘SPPU’ panel having 40 red commercial light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The energy storage study reveals that BCST-4 ceramics exhibit a maximum energy storage density (Wrec) of 165.87 mJ/cm3 with efficiency (ƞ) 68.00 %. Therefore, the improvement in electrostriction coefficient, piezoelectric charge coefficient, and energy storage response indicates that BCST-4 ceramic has the potential for actuator, energy harvesting, and energy storage applications.
{"title":"Revealing multiphase coexistence of R-O-T phases in BaTiO3-CaTiO3-BaSnO3 electroceramics for energy harvesting and storage response with piezo actuation","authors":"Nikita J. Kapadi , Tejas K. Jadhav , Tulshidas C. Darvade , Ajit R. James , V.R. Reddy , Y.D. Kolekar , Rahul C. Kambale","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The (Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Ca<sub>x</sub>)(Sn<sub>y</sub>Ti<sub>1-y</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> piezoelectric ceramics (where x=0.016, y=0.024; x=0.032, y=0.048; x=0.048, y=0.072; x=0.064, y=0.096; x=0.08, y=0.12) were designed by conventional solid state reaction method. The crystal structure for the composition of x=0.064 and y=0.096 (abbreviated as BCST-4) possesses the coexistence of non-centrosymmetric rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) tri-lattice symmetries at room temperature, as demonstrated by the structural Rietveld refinement, Raman analysis, and temperature dependence of dielectric study. Because of the R-O-T multiphase coexistence, BCST-4 possesses a superior electromechanical and piezoelectric property viz. k<sub>p</sub> ∼ 0.45, strain ∼ 0.100 %, d<sub>33</sub>* ∼ 649 pm/V, and an improved d<sub>33</sub> ∼ 452 pC/N, which is comparable to commercially available soft PZT ceramics (d<sub>33</sub> ⁓ 370 pC/N). For BCST-4 ceramics, an exceptional electrostriction coefficient Q<sub>33</sub> ∼ 0.0434 m<sup>4</sup>/C<sup>2</sup> value was attained. The intrinsic piezo-actuation DC strain was observed to be 130 microstrain (με) and 188 με with ε<sub>33</sub> and ε<sub>31</sub> modes respectively. The BCST-4 ceramic exhibits a maximum output power of 1.03 mW, a power density of 13.5 µW/mm<sup>3</sup>, a maximum output current of 88 µA, and an open circuit voltage V<sub>pp</sub> of 28 V which successfully glowed ‘<em>SPPU’</em> panel having 40 red commercial light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The energy storage study reveals that BCST-4 ceramics exhibit a maximum energy storage density (W<sub>rec</sub>) of 165.87 mJ/cm<sup>3</sup> with efficiency (ƞ) 68.00 %. Therefore, the improvement in electrostriction coefficient, piezoelectric charge coefficient, and energy storage response indicates that BCST-4 ceramic has the potential for actuator, energy harvesting, and energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115935
Zhihua Zhao , Zhikun Wang , Chunhua Zheng , Guixin Jin , Xiaoqing Shen , Lan Wu
Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic gas to the human body, which is the cause of acid rain and respiratory diseases. In this study, VTe2 was first created for use in gas sensors by hydrothermal synthesis. After examining the gas-sensitive characteristics, it was found that the VTe2 gas sensor responds 105 % to 50 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas at 140°C and 40 % relative humidity (RH), with a relative humidity setting temperature of 25°C. Furthermore, the sensor has fast response recovery time, good selectivity, repeatability, stability and moisture resistance. Finally, a sensing mechanism for NO2 detection was suggested.
{"title":"VTe2 nanospheres for NO2 gas sensors","authors":"Zhihua Zhao , Zhikun Wang , Chunhua Zheng , Guixin Jin , Xiaoqing Shen , Lan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic gas to the human body, which is the cause of acid rain and respiratory diseases. In this study, VTe<sub>2</sub> was first created for use in gas sensors by hydrothermal synthesis. After examining the gas-sensitive characteristics, it was found that the VTe<sub>2</sub> gas sensor responds 105 % to 50 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) gas at 140°C and 40 % relative humidity (RH), with a relative humidity setting temperature of 25°C. Furthermore, the sensor has fast response recovery time, good selectivity, repeatability, stability and moisture resistance. Finally, a sensing mechanism for NO<sub>2</sub> detection was suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115933
Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh , Marzieh Golshan , Vahid Haddadi-Asl , Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
Meats are abundant in proteins and a variety of lipids that are essential for the human body. Nevertheless, they are susceptible to enzymatic reactions and bacterial microorganisms during various processes, which can result in food deterioration. This study endeavors to create an ammonia-sensitive sensor for the detection of meat decomposition by rhodamine 6 G fluorophore and β-cyclodextrin which are joined together via a Schiff-base reaction, in recognition of the significance of appropriate food monitoring. The rhodamine 6 G and β-cyclodextrin-based sensor (R6GBCD) was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The R6GBCD sensor showed a pH-dependent fluorescent properties and also selective responsivity to ammonia. The sensor demonstrated its capability to detect ammonia and generate yellow fluorescence, enabling it to identify rotting meat. As a result, it shows great promise as a mean of verifying the safety of food.
肉类富含人体必需的蛋白质和各种脂类。然而，它们在各种加工过程中容易受到酶反应和细菌微生物的影响，从而导致食品变质。鉴于对食品进行适当监测的重要意义，本研究试图利用罗丹明 6 G 荧光团和β-环糊精通过希夫碱反应结合在一起，创建一种氨敏感传感器，用于检测肉类分解情况。利用质子核磁共振（1H NMR）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X 射线衍射（XRD）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）对基于罗丹明 6 G 和 β-环糊精的传感器（R6GBCD）进行了表征。R6GBCD 传感器显示出与 pH 值相关的荧光特性以及对氨的选择性响应。该传感器具有检测氨气和产生黄色荧光的能力，从而能够识别腐烂的肉类。因此，它有望成为验证食品安全的一种手段。
{"title":"Rhodamine 6G-conjugated β-cyclodextrin as a novel fluorescence sensor for meat spoilage detection","authors":"Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh , Marzieh Golshan , Vahid Haddadi-Asl , Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meats are abundant in proteins and a variety of lipids that are essential for the human body. Nevertheless, they are susceptible to enzymatic reactions and bacterial microorganisms during various processes, which can result in food deterioration. This study endeavors to create an ammonia-sensitive sensor for the detection of meat decomposition by rhodamine 6 G fluorophore and β-cyclodextrin which are joined together <em>via</em> a Schiff-base reaction, in recognition of the significance of appropriate food monitoring. The rhodamine 6 G and β-cyclodextrin-based sensor (R6GBCD) was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The R6GBCD sensor showed a pH-dependent fluorescent properties and also selective responsivity to ammonia. The sensor demonstrated its capability to detect ammonia and generate yellow fluorescence, enabling it to identify rotting meat. As a result, it shows great promise as a mean of verifying the safety of food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using two-dimensional nanomaterials to detect discharge fault gases caused by the removal and connection of converter transformer leads can correctly judge the operating status of the power system and effectively prevent the expansion of faults. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was used to compare the detection effects of MoTe2 and WTe2 modified by CuO, Ag2O and TiO2 on four fault gases (CO, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6). Compared with the pristine substrate, the band gap value of the substrate modified by metal oxides decreased and the structure became more compact. The adsorption effect of the fault gas on the two substrates after doping was analyzed by combining adsorption distance, adsorption energy, DCD and DOS. CO and C2H4 have the best adsorption characteristics on CuO-WTe2, C2H2 performs best on CuO-MoTe2, and the adsorption performance of C2H6 is not ideal in all systems. The conductivity of the substrate adsorbed gas was further analyzed using band structure, molecular orbital theory and work function, and the feasibility of the six modified materials was compared and discussed from the perspective of sensitivity and recovery time, and corresponding conclusions were drawn. This paper provides theoretical guidance for exploring the application prospects of MoTe2 and WTe2 substrates in converter transformer fault diagnosis and prevention.
{"title":"Comparison of the gas sensing performance of two-dimensional materials doped with metal oxides (MoTe2, WTe2) for converter transformer discharge fault gases: A DFT study","authors":"Haonan Xie, Minghan Li, Hao Wu, GuoZhi Lin, Yang He, Chenmeng Liu, Feifan Wu, Tianyan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using two-dimensional nanomaterials to detect discharge fault gases caused by the removal and connection of converter transformer leads can correctly judge the operating status of the power system and effectively prevent the expansion of faults. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was used to compare the detection effects of MoTe<sub>2</sub> and WTe<sub>2</sub> modified by CuO, Ag<sub>2</sub>O and TiO<sub>2</sub> on four fault gases (CO, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>). Compared with the pristine substrate, the band gap value of the substrate modified by metal oxides decreased and the structure became more compact. The adsorption effect of the fault gas on the two substrates after doping was analyzed by combining adsorption distance, adsorption energy, DCD and DOS. CO and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> have the best adsorption characteristics on CuO-WTe<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> performs best on CuO-MoTe<sub>2</sub>, and the adsorption performance of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> is not ideal in all systems. The conductivity of the substrate adsorbed gas was further analyzed using band structure, molecular orbital theory and work function, and the feasibility of the six modified materials was compared and discussed from the perspective of sensitivity and recovery time, and corresponding conclusions were drawn. This paper provides theoretical guidance for exploring the application prospects of MoTe<sub>2</sub> and WTe<sub>2</sub> substrates in converter transformer fault diagnosis and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115926"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors (SPDs) with improved photoresponse features have attracted considerable attention due to their great pivotal applications in military and civilian fields. In the present work, for the first time, we investigate and report the construction and photoresponse features of a SPD based on multilayered heterojunction-based zinc oxide nanoneedles/polyaniline/titania nanoparticles (ZET). The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the ZET and its components were comprehensively investigated. A significant dependence was observed between the changes in I-V characteristics of the ZET-based SPD (SPZ) and the temperature change, resulting in a short reverse saturation current, proper ideality factor, and low dark current. I-V characteristics of the SPZ revealed nonlinear asymmetric rectifying behavior with the improved current under the influence and increase of power densities (PDiss) of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Moreover, the self-powered feature of the SPZ was confirmed by the generation of short-circuit current and notable contrast ratio under UV light illumination at zero bias voltage. The device displayed remarkable photoresponsivity of 4.46 A/W, high significant normalized detectivity of 63.1×1012Jones, good fill factor of 50.64 %, and excellent external quantum efficiency of 1514 % at the PDis of 0.77 mW/cm2. In addition, the SPZ exposed a short rise time of 540 ms, a high maximum photocurrent of 99.9 µA, and a significant gain dynamic range of 499.5 at PDis of 19.11 mW/cm2. Finally, the imaginable mechanism of the current generation in our hand-made device was discussed in detail by exerting a standard thermionic emission-diffusion model and energy band diagram.
{"title":"Multilayered heterojunction-based zinc oxide nanoneedles/polyaniline/titania nanoparticles as a self-powered ultraviolet light photodetector","authors":"Shahruz Nasirian, Fatemeh Sarouzeh Rostami, Fatemeh Zahra Moradtabar Azizi","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors (SPDs) with improved photoresponse features have attracted considerable attention due to their great pivotal applications in military and civilian fields. In the present work, for the first time, we investigate and report the construction and photoresponse features of a SPD based on multilayered heterojunction-based zinc oxide nanoneedles/polyaniline/titania nanoparticles (ZET). The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the ZET and its components were comprehensively investigated. A significant dependence was observed between the changes in <em>I-V</em> characteristics of the ZET-based SPD (SPZ) and the temperature change, resulting in a short reverse saturation current, proper ideality factor, and low dark current. <em>I-V</em> characteristics of the SPZ revealed nonlinear asymmetric rectifying behavior with the improved current under the influence and increase of power densities (<em>P</em><sub><em>Dis</em></sub>s) of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Moreover, the self-powered feature of the SPZ was confirmed by the generation of short-circuit current and notable contrast ratio under UV light illumination at zero bias voltage. The device displayed remarkable photoresponsivity of 4.46 <em>A/W</em>, high significant normalized detectivity of 63.1×10<sup>12</sup> <em>Jones</em>, good fill factor of 50.64 %, and excellent external quantum efficiency of 1514 % at the <em>P</em><sub><em>Dis</em></sub> of 0.77 <em>mW/cm</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>. In addition, the SPZ exposed a short rise time of 540 <em>ms</em>, a high maximum photocurrent of 99.9 <em>µA</em>, and a significant gain dynamic range of 499.5 at <em>P</em><sub><em>Dis</em></sub> of 19.11 <em>mW/cm</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>. Finally, the imaginable mechanism of the current generation in our hand-made device was discussed in detail by exerting a standard thermionic emission-diffusion model and energy band diagram.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115930
Xiaoyan Tang, Na Wang
Temperature is a key factor affecting the rice quality during storage, and an effective method to detect the rice quality during storage period is crucial. Gas information is an intuitive reflection of changes in rice quality. In this work, a deep learning algorithm, combined with an electronic nose (e-nose), provides a rapid detection method for rice quality. First, using a PEN3 e-nose system, gas information from rice stored under two different temperatures and periods is collected. Second, a Multi-branch Self-attention Module (MSAM) is proposed to focus on important gas features, enhancing the e-nose's classification performance. Third, MSAM-Net is established to identify the rice gas information under various storage conditions and periods. Ablation analysis and comparisons with state-of-the-art gas classification methods show that MSAM-Net delivers superior performance. At a temperature of 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 35RH %, MSAM-Net achieves an accuracy of 96.25 % and an F1-score of 96.84 %. At a temperature of 40 ℃ and a relative humidity of 35 RH%, MSAM-Net achieves an accuracy of 97.42 % and an F1-score of 97.64 %. In summary, the combination of artificial intelligence and gas sensing provides an effective technical approach for rice quality detection.
{"title":"Electronic nose combines an effective deep learning method to identify the rice quality under different storage conditions and storage periods","authors":"Xiaoyan Tang, Na Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature is a key factor affecting the rice quality during storage, and an effective method to detect the rice quality during storage period is crucial. Gas information is an intuitive reflection of changes in rice quality. In this work, a deep learning algorithm, combined with an electronic nose (e-nose), provides a rapid detection method for rice quality. First, using a PEN3 e-nose system, gas information from rice stored under two different temperatures and periods is collected. Second, a Multi-branch Self-attention Module (MSAM) is proposed to focus on important gas features, enhancing the e-nose's classification performance. Third, MSAM-Net is established to identify the rice gas information under various storage conditions and periods. Ablation analysis and comparisons with state-of-the-art gas classification methods show that MSAM-Net delivers superior performance. At a temperature of 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 35RH %, MSAM-Net achieves an accuracy of 96.25 % and an F<sub>1</sub>-score of 96.84 %. At a temperature of 40 ℃ and a relative humidity of 35 RH%, MSAM-Net achieves an accuracy of 97.42 % and an F<sub>1</sub>-score of 97.64 %. In summary, the combination of artificial intelligence and gas sensing provides an effective technical approach for rice quality detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 115930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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