Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2026.117499
Lu Zhang , Xiaoxue Zhao , Guoliang Zhang , Mengfei Lv , Haoyang Fan , Haoming Liu , Zhijie Xie , Kai Li
Existing bionic scale drag reduction technologies primarily mimic the morphology and arrangement patterns of fish scales to achieve drag reduction, but fail to replicate the active micro-vibrations of scales. This study develops a bio-inspired scale system based on piezoelectric actuation, where the piezoelectric actuator serves as the active vibration component to drive the scales and generate coupled perturbations within the boundary layer. This study advances biomimicry from static geometry to dynamic function. The design biomimics the morphological architecture of fish scales while replicating their microscale kinematic flow control mechanisms, achieving viscous drag mitigation through dynamic boundary layer modulation. Through simulation analysis, the drag reduction mechanism of the drag reducer was revealed, and proposed drag reduction performance control method. Drag reduction experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the reducer, which demonstrate that the proposed bionic piezoelectric scale reducer effectively reduces wall frictional drag. The drag reduction rate of the drag reducer can reach 24.13 % at an incentive amplitude of 100 V and an operating frequency of 1648 Hz. This work can provide insights for advancing bionic scale drag reduction technologies.
{"title":"Bio-inspired piezoelectric scales for active turbulent drag reduction","authors":"Lu Zhang , Xiaoxue Zhao , Guoliang Zhang , Mengfei Lv , Haoyang Fan , Haoming Liu , Zhijie Xie , Kai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing bionic scale drag reduction technologies primarily mimic the morphology and arrangement patterns of fish scales to achieve drag reduction, but fail to replicate the active micro-vibrations of scales. This study develops a bio-inspired scale system based on piezoelectric actuation, where the piezoelectric actuator serves as the active vibration component to drive the scales and generate coupled perturbations within the boundary layer. This study advances biomimicry from static geometry to dynamic function. The design biomimics the morphological architecture of fish scales while replicating their microscale kinematic flow control mechanisms, achieving viscous drag mitigation through dynamic boundary layer modulation. Through simulation analysis, the drag reduction mechanism of the drag reducer was revealed, and proposed drag reduction performance control method. Drag reduction experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the reducer, which demonstrate that the proposed bionic piezoelectric scale reducer effectively reduces wall frictional drag. The drag reduction rate of the drag reducer can reach 24.13 % at an incentive amplitude of 100 V and an operating frequency of 1648 Hz. This work can provide insights for advancing bionic scale drag reduction technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 117499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2026.117472
Emanuel P. Santos , Wenyu Du , Edwin D. Coronel , Alyson J.A. Carvalho , Zhijia Hu , Ernesto P. Raposo , Anderson S.L. Gomes
We propose and demonstrate a magnetic field sensing approach using a deep learning technique applied to light scattering images. A multi-headed convolutional neural network is trained to predict magnetic field intensity from scattering patterns captured by a CCD camera under different scattering conditions. We employed images generated by conventional laser and random fiber laser illumination sources. The magnetic field can affect the polarization and absorption properties of the medium, besides affecting light scattering, which introduces subtle yet learnable variations in the resultant speckle images. While these variations are imperceptible to human vision, particularly in the low-field regime, the application of deep learning acts to bolster the magnetic field sensor based on scattering images, showing high accuracy in results. Shannon entropy is introduced to quantify subtle differences between distribution patterns associated with different magnetic fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate a low-cost alternative using images generated with a conventional laser pointer, which also yields high accuracy.
{"title":"Magnetic field sensing bolstered by deep learning on scattering images from random and conventional laser illumination","authors":"Emanuel P. Santos , Wenyu Du , Edwin D. Coronel , Alyson J.A. Carvalho , Zhijia Hu , Ernesto P. Raposo , Anderson S.L. Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose and demonstrate a magnetic field sensing approach using a deep learning technique applied to light scattering images. A multi-headed convolutional neural network is trained to predict magnetic field intensity from scattering patterns captured by a CCD camera under different scattering conditions. We employed images generated by conventional laser and random fiber laser illumination sources. The magnetic field can affect the polarization and absorption properties of the medium, besides affecting light scattering, which introduces subtle yet learnable variations in the resultant speckle images. While these variations are imperceptible to human vision, particularly in the low-field regime, the application of deep learning acts to bolster the magnetic field sensor based on scattering images, showing high accuracy in results. Shannon entropy is introduced to quantify subtle differences between distribution patterns associated with different magnetic fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate a low-cost alternative using images generated with a conventional laser pointer, which also yields high accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 117472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the abrasive particles gather in the oil and pass through the sensor, the mixed abrasive particles will cause false alarms and missed alarms of the monitoring equipment. To enhance the precision of detecting abrasive particles, an analysis was conducted on the impact of various mixtures of iron and copper particles on the detection signal. The results show that the magnetization coupling between ferromagnetic particles and eddy current coupling between non-ferromagnetic particles significantly affect the detection signal. The closer the particle aggregation shape is to the spherical shape, the more significant the eddy current effect is and the weaker the magnetic induction strength is. The study proposes a multi-metal particle differentiation and identification method based on the amplitude of the inductive-resistive signal, which can accurately differentiate 75 % of the particle combinations, and the remaining 25 % can be differentiated by the change rule of the signal curve, providing theoretical and experimental support for improving the accuracy of multi-metal particle detection in oil fluids.
{"title":"Characterization of the superposition of mixed signals of polymetallic particles","authors":"Chenyong Wang, Zhongyang Cai, Chenzhao Bai, Shukui Hu, Xiangming Kan, Xurui Zhang, Riwei Wang, Hongpeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When the abrasive particles gather in the oil and pass through the sensor, the mixed abrasive particles will cause false alarms and missed alarms of the monitoring equipment. To enhance the precision of detecting abrasive particles, an analysis was conducted on the impact of various mixtures of iron and copper particles on the detection signal. The results show that the magnetization coupling between ferromagnetic particles and eddy current coupling between non-ferromagnetic particles significantly affect the detection signal. The closer the particle aggregation shape is to the spherical shape, the more significant the eddy current effect is and the weaker the magnetic induction strength is. The study proposes a multi-metal particle differentiation and identification method based on the amplitude of the inductive-resistive signal, which can accurately differentiate 75 % of the particle combinations, and the remaining 25 % can be differentiated by the change rule of the signal curve, providing theoretical and experimental support for improving the accuracy of multi-metal particle detection in oil fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 117474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2026.117458
Amir R. Ali , Yasmin Yousry , Alaa El Anssary
The development of highly sensitive magnetic field sensors is critical for applications in biomedical diagnostics, wearable technologies, and environmental monitoring. While conventional research focuses on material composition, the influence of geometric configuration remains largely unexplored. This study demonstrates the profound impact of macroscopic shape on the sensitivity of magnetorheological (MR) nanocomposite sensors. Initial macroscopic experiments with pyramid-like structures revealed unexpected localized magnetic field perturbations, challenging the assumption that only material properties dictate field interactions. Inspired by these findings, we fabricated a novel optical fiber magnetic field sensor using magnetic nanoparticles dispersed within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The sensor's performance was evaluated by subjecting it to a controlled harmonic magnetic field using a neodymium magnet. Our comparative analysis revealed that a conventional spherical sensor had a limited sensitivity of 0.0065 pm/mT and a resolution of ∼ 2mT. In contrast, an innovatively designed pyramidal sensor exhibited a remarkable sensitivity of 35.098 pm/µT, achieving a resolution of ∼ 0.2 µT. This represents a groundbreaking enhancement of over 5 million times in sensitivity and an improvement of nearly four orders of magnitude in resolution. We attribute this unprecedented amplification to the geometrical concentration of magnetic flux within the pyramidal shape, a finding that highlights the critical role of macroscopic geometry in dictating the performance of advanced sensing platforms and presents a promising pathway for the development of next-generation, ultrasensitive magnetic field detectors in different industrial and bio medical applications.
{"title":"Enhanced magnetic field sensing using geometric-mediated whispering gallery mode resonators","authors":"Amir R. Ali , Yasmin Yousry , Alaa El Anssary","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of highly sensitive magnetic field sensors is critical for applications in biomedical diagnostics, wearable technologies, and environmental monitoring. While conventional research focuses on material composition, the influence of geometric configuration remains largely unexplored. This study demonstrates the profound impact of macroscopic shape on the sensitivity of magnetorheological (MR) nanocomposite sensors. Initial macroscopic experiments with pyramid-like structures revealed unexpected localized magnetic field perturbations, challenging the assumption that only material properties dictate field interactions. Inspired by these findings, we fabricated a novel optical fiber magnetic field sensor using magnetic nanoparticles dispersed within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The sensor's performance was evaluated by subjecting it to a controlled harmonic magnetic field using a neodymium magnet. Our comparative analysis revealed that a conventional spherical sensor had a limited sensitivity of 0.0065 pm/mT and a resolution of ∼ 2mT. In contrast, an innovatively designed pyramidal sensor exhibited a remarkable sensitivity of 35.098 pm/µT, achieving a resolution of ∼ 0.2 µT. This represents a groundbreaking enhancement of over 5 million times in sensitivity and an improvement of nearly four orders of magnitude in resolution. We attribute this unprecedented amplification to the geometrical concentration of magnetic flux within the pyramidal shape, a finding that highlights the critical role of macroscopic geometry in dictating the performance of advanced sensing platforms and presents a promising pathway for the development of next-generation, ultrasensitive magnetic field detectors in different industrial and bio medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 117458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide, with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) presenting a major diagnostic challenge. Heat shock protein 16.3 (Hsp16.3), a latency-associated antigen strongly expressed during dormancy, has emerged as a promising biomarker for LTBI detection. However, conventional diagnostic methods are costly, complex, and infrastructure-dependent, underscoring the need for portable and reagent-free biosensing solutions. Here, we report a contactless biosensing platform based on the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect for the detection of Hsp16.3. The system integrates a commercial pico-Tesla resolution amorphous wire sensor with an Arduino-based microcontroller and MCP3223 analog-to-digital converter. Detection relies on binding-induced magnetic field perturbations generated by antibody- functionalized iron-oxide nanoparticles, and antibody-antigen complexes, which modulate the local magnetic fields and induce measurable impedance changes. The biosensor achieved reproducible detection of Hsp16.3 in model assays, with limits of detection of ∼99 µg/mL for antibody titration and ∼44 µg/mL for antigen response. More importantly, the platform was successfully validated with plasma samples from LTBI patients, demonstrating specific responses to antibody-antigen complexes in complex biological matrices. This work represents the first demonstration of a GMI-biosensor validated with LTBI plasma samples, highlighting its potential as a portable, scalable, and reagent-free diagnostic tool for future development toward early TB screening in resource-limited settings.
{"title":"Contactless point-of-care detection of latent tuberculosis biomarker Hsp16.3 using a high-sensitivity magnetoimpedance biosensor","authors":"Thimpika Pornprom , Bongkochawan Pakamwong , Jidapa Sangswan , Auradee Punkvang , Paptawan Thongdee , Khomson Suttisintong , Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai , Poonpilas Hongmanee , Putthapoom Lumjiaktase , Orawon Chailapakul , Sakda Jampasa , Pornpan Pungpo , Ongard Thiabgoh","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTB), remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide, with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) presenting a major diagnostic challenge. Heat shock protein 16.3 (Hsp16.3), a latency-associated antigen strongly expressed during dormancy, has emerged as a promising biomarker for LTBI detection. However, conventional diagnostic methods are costly, complex, and infrastructure-dependent, underscoring the need for portable and reagent-free biosensing solutions. Here, we report a contactless biosensing platform based on the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect for the detection of Hsp16.3. The system integrates a commercial pico-Tesla resolution amorphous wire sensor with an Arduino-based microcontroller and MCP3223 analog-to-digital converter. Detection relies on binding-induced magnetic field perturbations generated by antibody- functionalized iron-oxide nanoparticles, and antibody-antigen complexes, which modulate the local magnetic fields and induce measurable impedance changes. The biosensor achieved reproducible detection of Hsp16.3 in model assays, with limits of detection of ∼99 µg/mL for antibody titration and ∼44 µg/mL for antigen response. More importantly, the platform was successfully validated with plasma samples from LTBI patients, demonstrating specific responses to antibody-antigen complexes in complex biological matrices. This work represents the first demonstration of a GMI-biosensor validated with LTBI plasma samples, highlighting its potential as a portable, scalable, and reagent-free diagnostic tool for future development toward early TB screening in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 117493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a self-powered pentacene/Ga2O3 heterojunction solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector was fabricated on a flexible mica substrate using magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation. The device exhibits excellent self-powered characteristics under 254 nm solar-blind UV illumination. Under 254 nm irradiation with an intensity of 200 W/cm2 at 0 V bias, the device achieved a responsivity of 2.11 mA/W, a specific detectivity of Jones, and a photo-to-dark current ratio of 2800. The rise and fall times were 0.69 s and 1.39 s, respectively. Furthermore, mechanical bending tests were conducted on the flexible device. After 700 bending cycles at a 30, no significant degradation was observed in the current–voltage characteristics or the responsivity at 0 V bias, demonstrating its outstanding mechanical robustness.
{"title":"A flexible self-powered pentacene/Ga2O3 heterojunction solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector","authors":"Chenglong Zhou, Yongsheng Tan, Anbiao Gui, Shunwei Zhu, Shunhang Wei, Zebo Fang, Qiufeng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a self-powered pentacene/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunction solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector was fabricated on a flexible mica substrate using magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation. The device exhibits excellent self-powered characteristics under 254 nm solar-blind UV illumination. Under 254 nm irradiation with an intensity of 200 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>W/cm<sup>2</sup> at 0 V bias, the device achieved a responsivity of 2.11 mA/W, a specific detectivity of <span><math><mn>3.05</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> Jones, and a photo-to-dark current ratio of 2800. The rise and fall times were 0.69 s and 1.39 s, respectively. Furthermore, mechanical bending tests were conducted on the flexible device. After 700 bending cycles at a 30<span><math><msup><mspace></mspace><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span>, no significant degradation was observed in the current–voltage characteristics or the responsivity at 0 V bias, demonstrating its outstanding mechanical robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 117488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2026.117490
Basila A.K. , Desu Gayathri Niharika , CS Krishna Murthy , K.Sandeep Raju , Punam Salaria , Amarendar Reddy M.
Insulin, a peptide hormone crucial for glucose homeostasis, is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. An imbalance in glucose metabolism can lead to diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder. This imbalance can result from insufficient production or the body’s inability to effectively use the insulin it produces because of structural abnormalities or cellular resistance. The prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing worldwide. Early and accurate detection of diabetes is crucial for effective treatment, prevention, and symptom management. In this discussion, we highlight the significance of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), carbon-based nanoparticles (typically < 10 nm), in diabetes detection and their potential role in therapeutic applications for diabetes-related complications. We also explore various synthesis methods of CQDs, their characterization techniques, and different CQD-based sensors, along with their underlying detection mechanisms.
{"title":"Smart nanoprobes in diabetes management: Emerging role of carbon quantum dots in diagnosis and therapy","authors":"Basila A.K. , Desu Gayathri Niharika , CS Krishna Murthy , K.Sandeep Raju , Punam Salaria , Amarendar Reddy M.","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulin, a peptide hormone crucial for glucose homeostasis, is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. An imbalance in glucose metabolism can lead to diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder. This imbalance can result from insufficient production or the body’s inability to effectively use the insulin it produces because of structural abnormalities or cellular resistance. The prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing worldwide. Early and accurate detection of diabetes is crucial for effective treatment, prevention, and symptom management. In this discussion, we highlight the significance of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), carbon-based nanoparticles (typically < 10 nm), in diabetes detection and their potential role in therapeutic applications for diabetes-related complications. We also explore various synthesis methods of CQDs, their characterization techniques, and different CQD-based sensors, along with their underlying detection mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 117490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2026.117487
Lihua Peng , Qibo Mao , Ziyan Chen , Xiaohang Hu , Ping Cai
In this study, an acoustic energy harvester (AEH) composed of a Sonic black hole (SBH) and a circular piezoelectric composite sheet (PCS) is proposed. As sound waves propagate through the SBH structure, their amplitude increases and the waves become concentrated at the SBH termination. In the proposed AEH, the SBH is used to amplify the incident sound pressure and enable the energy of the incident sound wave to be fully converted into electrical energy through the PCS. The proposed AEH was evaluated using theoretical calculations, numerical simulation and experimental tests. The results indicate that the SBH exhibits a significant sound pressure amplification effect. Final, the AEH was fabricated by 3D printing. Experimental results show that the half-absorption bandwidth of AEH is 523 Hz within the frequency range of 50–1000 Hz. The maximum output power of AEH is 8 μW and the maximum power conversion efficiency of the AEH is almost 100 % under the optimal load resistance (5000 Ω). The proposed AEH features an efficient, easy-to-integrate structure, making it versatile for use in acoustic energy harvesters and absorbers.
{"title":"Piezoelectric sonic black hole for broadband energy harvesting","authors":"Lihua Peng , Qibo Mao , Ziyan Chen , Xiaohang Hu , Ping Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an acoustic energy harvester (AEH) composed of a Sonic black hole (SBH) and a circular piezoelectric composite sheet (PCS) is proposed. As sound waves propagate through the SBH structure, their amplitude increases and the waves become concentrated at the SBH termination. In the proposed AEH, the SBH is used to amplify the incident sound pressure and enable the energy of the incident sound wave to be fully converted into electrical energy through the PCS. The proposed AEH was evaluated using theoretical calculations, numerical simulation and experimental tests. The results indicate that the SBH exhibits a significant sound pressure amplification effect. Final, the AEH was fabricated by 3D printing. Experimental results show that the half-absorption bandwidth of AEH is 523 Hz within the frequency range of 50–1000 Hz. The maximum output power of AEH is 8 μW and the maximum power conversion efficiency of the AEH is almost 100 % under the optimal load resistance (5000 Ω). The proposed AEH features an efficient, easy-to-integrate structure, making it versatile for use in acoustic energy harvesters and absorbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"399 ","pages":"Article 117487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the development of an advanced smart bioelectronic glucometer featuring CNT/MXene-FET test strips with Ag NWs decoration and integrated alarm functionality. Three types of FET-based test strips were fabricated, each incorporating different channel materials: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Ag NWs/MWCNT, and MXene/Ag NWs/MWCNT. The glucometer, leveraging IoT technology, transmits real-time glucose data to mobile devices, provides alarm notifications, and displays glucose levels and their intensities via an OLED screen. The use of MXene/Ag NWs/MWCNT as a tri-material channel yields a unique combination of high sensitivity, wide linear range, and rapid gating dynamics. Characterization reveals unique interfacial charge transfer at the MXene/Ag NWs/MWCNT junctions that underpins the observed high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor exhibited two linear ranges (1–100 µM and 100 µM–20 mM) with high sensitivities of 13200 µA.mM⁻¹ and 200 µA.mM⁻¹ , LOD of 0.1 µM along with excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Validation with real blood samples from 20 volunteers confirmed its efficacy, demonstrating precise glucose monitoring suitable for clinical applications. MARD (Mean Absolute Relative Difference) results ranged from 0 % to 2.532 %, with the lowest MARD reaching 0 % in one test-strip lot. Distribution analysis showed that 60 % of strips exhibited a MARD below 1 %. This integrated platform offers a reliable, portable, and real-time solution for diabetes management.
{"title":"Smart bioelectronics glucometer with CNT/MXene-FET test strip decorated with silver NWs featuring alarm functionality","authors":"Milad Farahmandpour , Daryoosh Dideban , Masoomeh Monfared Dehbali , Zoheir Kordrostami","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2026.117486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of an advanced smart bioelectronic glucometer featuring CNT/MXene-FET test strips with Ag NWs decoration and integrated alarm functionality. Three types of FET-based test strips were fabricated, each incorporating different channel materials: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Ag NWs/MWCNT, and MXene/Ag NWs/MWCNT. The glucometer, leveraging IoT technology, transmits real-time glucose data to mobile devices, provides alarm notifications, and displays glucose levels and their intensities via an OLED screen. The use of MXene/Ag NWs/MWCNT as a tri-material channel yields a unique combination of high sensitivity, wide linear range, and rapid gating dynamics. Characterization reveals unique interfacial charge transfer at the MXene/Ag NWs/MWCNT junctions that underpins the observed high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor exhibited two linear ranges (1–100 µM and 100 µM–20 mM) with high sensitivities of 13200 µA.mM⁻¹ and 200 µA.mM⁻¹ , LOD of 0.1 µM along with excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Validation with real blood samples from 20 volunteers confirmed its efficacy, demonstrating precise glucose monitoring suitable for clinical applications. MARD (Mean Absolute Relative Difference) results ranged from 0 % to 2.532 %, with the lowest MARD reaching 0 % in one test-strip lot. Distribution analysis showed that 60 % of strips exhibited a MARD below 1 %. This integrated platform offers a reliable, portable, and real-time solution for diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 117486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2026.117485
Mohd Hafiz Abu Bakar , Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal , Muhammad Qayyum Othman , Athiyah Sakinah Masran , Nur Hidayah Azeman , Muhammad Asif Ahmad Khushaini , Retna Apsari , Mohd Adzir Mahdi , Mohammed Thamer Alresheedi , Fairuz Abdullah , Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar
Long-Range Surface Plasmon Resonance (LRSPR) has emerged as a promising sensing technique for detecting compositional changes in oil mixtures. In this study, LRSPR was applied to monitor the mixing of edible oil with mineral oil under different thermal conditions (30 °C and 50 °C). The resonance response at 30 °C exhibited a non-linear calibration profile with an overall sensitivity of 5.60 nm/% (R² = 0.997). Region I (0–10 %) showed a sensitivity of 1.39 nm/% (R² = 0.9545, LOD = 0.45 %), while Region II (10–50 %) demonstrated strong linearity with 6.63 nm/% (R² = 0.993). At 50 °C, the overall sensitivity decreased to 3.47 nm/% (R² = 0.991), with Region I (0–30 %) suppressed to 0.64 nm/% (R² = 0.792, LOD = 0.61 %), and Region II (30–50 %) regaining a steeper slope of 7.89 nm/% (R² = 0.991). Elevated temperature was found to broaden resonance features, reduce peak intensity, and increase damping, consistent with the Drude model. Despite these effects, the sensor maintained reliable detection performance across both temperature conditions. These findings highlight LRSPR as a sensitive and versatile platform for in situ screening of edible oil mixtures, offering robust detection even under variable thermal environments.
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