Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献_第6页

Nanostructured cadmium ferrites: A smart sensor platform for Lead (II) ion detection 纳米结构镉铁氧体：铅（II）离子检测的智能传感器平台

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117382

G.N. Kiran , T.S. Sunil Kumar Naik , Jinu Joji , G. Vishnu , K. Sunil , Praveen C. Ramamurthy

Detecting harmful heavy metal ions in water sources, especially lead (Pb (II)), is essential to protecting the environment and human health. This work used differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to effectively design and electrochemically evaluate a CdFe₂O₄-modified carbon paste electrode (CdFe₂O₄/MCPE) for the sensitive and selective detection of Pb (II). The effective production of CdFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with a spinel cubic structure, nanoflake shape, and high electroactive surface area was validated by structural and morphological characterization utilizing XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and XPS. CdFe₂O₄/MCPE is an effective sensing platform because of its increased conductivity, reduced charge transfer resistance (Rct), and better electron transfer kinetics, as shown by electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The most effective supporting electrolyte for Pb (II) detection among the many tested was 0.1 M HCl. With a low detection limit (LLOD) of 0.078 μM and good linear regression, the sensor demonstrated a broad linear range (1–11 μM). While repeatability and stability evaluations verified its steady performance and longevity over several cycles, selectivity investigations demonstrated a notable response for Pb (II) with little interference from competing metal ions. By detecting Pb (II) in tap water samples using the conventional addition technique, obtaining good recovery rates (98.9–99.8 %), and proving the sensor's effectiveness for real-world monitoring, its practical application was confirmed. CdFe₂O₄/MCPE demonstrated higher sensitivity, a lower detection limit, and good repeatability compared to previously reported sensors, making it an economical and dependable sensor for industrial and environmental applications. As a scalable and effective way to monitor heavy metals in water sources, this study identifies CdFe₂O₄/MCPE as a viable electrochemical sensor for detecting traces of Pb (II). For more extensive industrial and environmental applications, future research can concentrate on multi-metal detection, real-time field applications, and sensor downsizing.

检测水源中的有害重金属离子，特别是铅（Pb (II)），对保护环境和人类健康至关重要。采用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）设计并电化学评价了CdFe2O₄修饰碳膏电极（CdFe2O₄/MCPE）对铅（II）的灵敏选择性检测。通过XRD、FT-IR、TEM和XPS等结构和形貌表征，验证了该方法制备的CdFe2O₄纳米颗粒具有尖晶石立方结构、纳米片状和高电活性表面积。通过循环伏安法（CV）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的电化学表征，CdFe2O₄/MCPE具有更高的电导率、更低的电荷转移电阻（Rct）和更好的电子转移动力学，是一种有效的传感平台。在众多测试中，检测Pb （II）最有效的支撑电解质是0.1 M HCl。该传感器的检测限为0.078 μM，线性回归良好，线性范围宽（1 ~ 11 μM）。虽然可重复性和稳定性评估验证了其稳定的性能和寿命，但选择性研究表明，它对Pb （II）有显著的响应，几乎没有竞争金属离子的干扰。采用常规添加技术对自来水样品中的Pb （II）进行检测，获得了良好的回收率（98.9 ~ 99.8 %），验证了该传感器在实际监测中的有效性，验证了其实际应用价值。与之前报道的传感器相比，CdFe₂O₄/MCPE具有更高的灵敏度，更低的检测限和良好的可重复性，使其成为工业和环境应用中经济可靠的传感器。作为一种可扩展且有效的监测水源中重金属的方法，本研究确定CdFe2O₄/MCPE是一种可行的电化学传感器，可用于检测痕量Pb （II）。对于更广泛的工业和环境应用，未来的研究可以集中在多金属检测、实时现场应用和传感器小型化上。

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引用次数: 0

A novel method for dynamic heat flux measurement based on the double-layer thin film microsensor: Mathematical modelling and experimental verification 一种基于双层薄膜微传感器的动态热流密度测量新方法：数学建模与实验验证

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117383

Yuqi Shi, Qihu Li, Jian Luo, Xingxu Zhang, Binghe Ma

Heat flux is a fundamental parameter for investigating the thermal load and protection of high-temperature components in aerospace, whose accurate and efficient measurement over extended durations is of vital significance. Existing thin-film heat flux sensors exhibit slow response through steady-state calculations, while transient heat flux models involve complex formulas and struggle to provide accurate long-term measurements. Hence, this work presents a novel method for dynamic heat flux measurement based on a thin film microsensor, mainly consisting of a thermal resistance layer and two sensitive layers. A mathematical model is established that discerns the heat transfer state of the resistance layer and computes the heat flux by tracking instantaneous temperature fluctuations across both sides of the sensor over time. Utilizing MEMS technology, sensor prototypes are fabricated to conduct experimental verification. The static and dynamic calibration indicates a response time of 80 μs, a sensitivity of 0.189 °C/(kW/m²), and an operational capability of up to 350 °C for the sensor based on the presented calculation model. Subsequent wind tunnel experiments successfully validate the capability to monitor heat flux variations on the surfaces of turbine blades and aircraft wings. This work provides a promising application prospect for the rapid and precise long-term measurement of high-frequency dynamic heat flux.

热流密度是研究航空航天高温部件热负荷和防护的基本参数，长时间准确、高效地测量热流密度具有重要意义。现有的薄膜热流传感器通过稳态计算反应缓慢，而瞬态热流模型涉及复杂的公式，难以提供准确的长期测量。因此，本文提出了一种基于薄膜微传感器的动态热通量测量新方法，该传感器主要由一个热阻层和两个敏感层组成。建立了一个数学模型，通过跟踪传感器两侧瞬时温度随时间的波动来识别电阻层的传热状态并计算热流密度。利用MEMS技术，制作传感器原型进行实验验证。静态和动态标定表明，基于所提出的计算模型，传感器的响应时间为80 μs，灵敏度为0.189°C/(kW/m2)，工作能力高达350°C。随后的风洞实验成功地验证了监测涡轮叶片和飞机机翼表面热通量变化的能力。本工作为高频动态热通量的快速、精确的长期测量提供了广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Fully 3D-printed gripper jaw with embedded sensitive sensor structures for robotic applications 完全3d打印爪爪与嵌入式敏感传感器结构的机器人应用

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117334

Nikolai Hangst , Thomas M. Wendt , Stefan J. Rupitsch

In this contribution, we present a novel, fully 3D-printed sensitive gripper jaw for high gripping forces up to 40 N. The fabrication process is based on fused layer manufacturing, in which two different materials are sequentially extruded. The gripper jaw is based on a sensor design with multiple-stacked bending beams and four sensor elements, each printed directly into one of the upper and lower bending beams. The research focuses on the sensor design of the gripper jaw, the mathematical description and simulation, the fabrication process, the electrical characterization of the sensor material, and the sensitivity behavior of the gripper jaw in terms of zero-point deviation, characteristic value deviation, linearity behavior, repeatability, and viscoelastic behavior. In addition, the gripper jaw is compared with a similarly manufactured gripper jaw with conventionally attached strain gauges, as well as with other comparable fully 3D-printed sensors to classify the sensor quality. The results demonstrate that the fully 3D-printed gripper jaw is partially suitable for sensitive and fragile components. The gripper jaw is well suited for detecting the gripping state (part gripped / not gripped).

在这篇文章中，我们提出了一种新颖的，完全3d打印的灵敏爪爪，可提供高达40 n的高夹持力。制造过程基于熔融层制造，其中两种不同的材料被顺序挤出。抓手爪是基于一个传感器设计，有多个堆叠的弯曲梁和四个传感器元件，每个传感器元件直接打印到上下弯曲梁中的一个。重点研究了夹持钳爪的传感器设计、数学描述与仿真、制作工艺、传感器材料的电学特性，以及夹持钳爪在零点偏差、特征值偏差、线性行为、可重复性和粘弹性行为等方面的灵敏度行为。此外，还将夹持钳爪与类似制造的带有传统应变片的夹持钳爪进行比较，并与其他类似的全3d打印传感器进行比较，以对传感器质量进行分类。结果表明，全3d打印爪爪部分适用于敏感易碎部件。夹持钳爪非常适合于检测夹持状态（部分夹持/未夹持）。

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引用次数: 0

A smartphone platform for portable and cost-effective micro- and nanoparticle sizing 一个智能手机平台，用于便携式和具有成本效益的微型和纳米颗粒尺寸

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117372

Ungkarn Jarujareet , Pimpisid Koonyosying

Micro- and nanoparticle sizing is a crucial parameter in numerous fields, including nanoparticle-based diagnostics, water treatment and filtration, and the synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles. Accurate and reliable sizing is essential for understanding how it affects the properties of the final product. Various approaches for micro- and nanoparticle sizing have been developed. Recently, differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) has emerged as a technique that combines dynamic light scattering and microscopy to investigate particle sizing using a standard light microscope. However, conventional DDM systems are bulky, non-portable, and currently unable to determine the size distribution of multi-modal particles. We aimed to develop a smartphone-based differential dynamic microscopy system for non-destructive, label-free micro- and nanoparticle sizing. This device consists of a reversed lens mounted in 3D-printed material, creating a highly compact and cost-effective microscope for the proposed smartphone-based particle sizing platform. The device acquires a series of images of dispersed particles that experience Brownian motion in a solution, then analyzes them using a differential dynamic algorithm and a non-negative least-squares approach to determine size distribution within four minutes when six concurrent processes are utilized. The proposed smartphone-based demonstration showed that the device can determine the size of gold nanoparticles as small as 30 nm using a 10 µL sample volume, highlighting its potential for applications in nanoparticle-based diagnostics and micro- and nanomaterial synthesis.

微纳米颗粒的大小是许多领域的关键参数，包括基于纳米颗粒的诊断、水处理和过滤，以及微纳米颗粒的合成。准确可靠的施胶对于了解其如何影响最终产品的性能至关重要。各种微粒子和纳米粒子的施胶方法已经被开发出来。近年来，差分动态显微镜（DDM）作为一种结合了动态光散射和显微镜的技术，在标准光学显微镜下研究了颗粒的大小。然而，传统的DDM系统体积庞大，不便携，目前无法确定多模态颗粒的尺寸分布。我们的目标是开发一种基于智能手机的差分动态显微镜系统，用于非破坏性，无标签的微颗粒和纳米颗粒尺寸。该设备由一个安装在3d打印材料上的反向透镜组成，为拟议的基于智能手机的粒度测量平台创建了一个高度紧凑且具有成本效益的显微镜。该装置获取了一系列在溶液中经历布朗运动的分散粒子的图像，然后使用微分动态算法和非负最小二乘方法对它们进行分析，以确定在6个并发过程中4分钟内的大小分布。基于智能手机的演示表明，该设备可以在10µL的样品体积下确定小至30 nm的金纳米颗粒的大小，这突出了其在基于纳米颗粒的诊断和微纳米材料合成方面的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrabroadband single-wavelength dip in a high-sensitivity fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer using a refractive-index-selected liquid core 使用折射率选择液体芯的高灵敏度光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的超宽带单波长dip

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117355

Cheng-Ling Lee, Yan-Han Lu, Wei-Jhou Chen, Yi-Chia Hsia, Ching-Hsiang Shih, Wen-Hsun Hsieh

We present a high-sensitivity fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (FMZI) that uses a refractive-index-selected liquid core to realize an ultrabroadband single-wavelength dip

(λ_{single})

across 1250–1650 nm with an ultrawide free spectral range (FSR) ≥ 400 nm (up to ∼1000 nm). The device is formed by splicing a short hollow-core fiber (HCF) segment of length

L_{c}

(10 µm core) and filling it with a liquid of refractive index

n_{D} < n_{cl}

, which sets the modal effective-index difference and collapses the interference-fringe comb into a high-extinction dip at a deterministic wavelength within the measurement window. We further introduce closed-form, experimentally validated operating-point maps that link the fabrication and filling variables

(L_{c}, n_{D})

to the spectral outcomes

(λ_{single}, FSR)

, enabling on-demand placement of the single-wavelength dip and the target FSR. This single-wavelength-dip, large-FSR scheme removes fringe overlap and order ambiguity, allowing unambiguous demodulation. Experiments on several FMZI configurations confirm isolated single-wavelength-dip operation over 1250–1650 nm with strictly monotonic thermal redshifts; the dip’s high-temperature sensitivity approaches + 20 nm / °C for

n_{D} = 1.424

.

我们提出了一种高灵敏度光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪（FMZI），该干涉仪使用折射率选择的液体芯，在1250-1650 nm之间实现了超宽带单波长倾角λ单波长，超宽自由光谱范围(FSR)≥400 nm（高达~ 1000 nm）。该器件是通过拼接长度为Lc（10µm芯）的短空心芯光纤（HCF）段，并填充折射率为nD<；ncl的液体形成的，该液体设置了模态有效指数差，并将干涉条纹梳折叠成测量窗口内确定波长的高消光dip。我们进一步引入封闭形式，实验验证的工作点图，将制造和填充变量（Lc,nD）与光谱结果（λsingle，FSR）联系起来，实现单波长倾角和目标FSR的按需放置。这种单波长倾角，大fsr方案消除条纹重叠和顺序模糊，允许无二义解调。几种FMZI配置的实验证实了1250-1650 nm范围内的孤立单波长倾斜操作，具有严格的单调热红移；当nD=1.424时，dip的高温灵敏度接近+ 20 nm /°C。

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引用次数: 0

The synergistic evolution of pipeline MFL inspection: A review on the fusion of physical models, AI, and multi-modal sensing 管道漏磁检测的协同演化：物理模型、人工智能和多模态传感融合研究综述

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117367

Zhichuan Qiu , Ping Huang , Fuyin Zheng , Pengpeng Shi , Lijian Yang , Bin Liu , Bo Gao , Luyao He , Anying Chai , Meng Shi , Shi Bai

Magnetic flux leakage is a cornerstone technology for ensuring the structural integrity of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, a critical component of both energy security and environmental protection. However, with increasingly stringent inspection requirements, traditional MFL techniques are constrained by limitations in accuracy, efficiency, and reliability. This paper reviews the evolution of modern MFL technology to address these challenges. It first traces the development of MFL physical models from classical magnetic dipoles to sophisticated multi-physics field coupling, which establishes the theoretical foundation for advanced signal interpretation and technical optimization. The review then examines the pivotal role of artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning and deep learning, in automating and intellectualizing key tasks such as signal denoising, defect classification, and size inversion. Furthermore, this paper systematically analyzes the synergistic application of MFL with complementary non-destructive testing methods, including electromagnetic ultrasound, eddy current, and magneto-optical imaging. These integrated approaches, through multimodal information complementarity, fundamentally expand the perceptual dimensions of detection systems, overcoming the inherent limitations of single-sensing modalities. The findings indicate that the advancement of modern MFL detection is not a linear progression but rather an integrated evolution characterized by the synchronous development of physical models, intelligent algorithms, and multimodal sensing. This review aims to delineate this integrated paradigm, offering a clear technical roadmap for researchers and providing theoretical insights and methodological references for tackling more complex pipeline inspection challenges in the future.

漏磁是保障油气长输管道结构完整性的基石技术，是能源安全和环境保护的重要组成部分。然而，随着检测要求的日益严格，传统的MFL技术受到精度、效率和可靠性的限制。本文回顾了现代MFL技术的发展，以应对这些挑战。首先追溯了磁偶极子物理模型从经典磁偶极子到复杂的多物理场耦合的发展历程，为先进的信号解释和技术优化奠定了理论基础。然后回顾了人工智能的关键作用，特别是机器学习和深度学习，在自动化和智能化关键任务，如信号去噪，缺陷分类和尺寸反演。在此基础上，系统分析了MFL与电磁超声、涡流、磁光成像等互补无损检测方法的协同应用。这些综合方法通过多模态信息互补，从根本上扩展了检测系统的感知维度，克服了单一传感模式的固有局限性。研究结果表明，现代MFL检测的发展不是线性的，而是物理模型、智能算法和多模态传感同步发展的综合进化过程。本文旨在描述这种集成的范式，为研究人员提供清晰的技术路线图，并为未来应对更复杂的管道检测挑战提供理论见解和方法参考。

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引用次数: 0

A low-cost, portable, and highly environmentally adaptive impact force sensor based on mechanoluminescence intensity ratio 一种基于机械发光强度比的低成本、便携、高环境适应性的冲击力传感器

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117375

Yanchang Zheng , Jie Zhu , Jintao He , Zilong Yu , Liyong Qian , Yuelin Lu , Xiang Wang

This study presents a low-cost, portable, and highly environmentally adaptive impact force sensor based on the mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity ratio, integrating detection, data processing, and result display into a single system. The sensor is designed such that its mechanoluminescent film and the detection module can be separated, enabling non-contact long-distance measurements. Two mechanoluminescent materials, ZnS: Cu^2 + and ZnS: Mn²⁺, were selected to fabricate a flexible film, and its mechanoluminescent spectral response was investigated. A linear relationship between the ML intensity peak ratio and the impact force was established. Based on this, a prototype impact-force sensor was developed, with overall dimensions of only 13.5 × 10 × 9.5 cm and a very low manufacturing cost of approximately RMB 3000. Subsequently, the sensor was calibrated, and its performance in terms of response range, measurement error, and resistance to environmental interference was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the sensor exhibited a good linear response over an impact-force range of 24.8 N to 216.6 N, with a measurement error below 2.5 %, and was insensitive to variations in measurement distance and ambient light. The sensor was further applied to a table tennis impact-force testing scenario, confirming its potential for evaluating player performance and assisting in training. With its low cost, high portability, and strong environmental adaptability, the sensor offers excellent application flexibility and promising prospects for practical deployment.

本研究提出了一种基于机械发光（ML）强度比的低成本、便携式、高环境适应性的冲击力传感器，将检测、数据处理和结果显示集成到一个系统中。该传感器的设计使其机械发光膜和检测模块可以分离，从而实现非接触式长距离测量。选择ZnS: Cu2 +和ZnS: Mn2+两种机械发光材料制备柔性薄膜，并对其机械发光光谱响应进行了研究。建立了ML强度峰值比与冲击力之间的线性关系。在此基础上，研制了一种原型冲击力传感器，其整体尺寸仅为13.5 × 10 × 9.5 cm，制造成本非常低，约为3000元人民币。随后，对传感器进行了标定，并从响应范围、测量误差和抗环境干扰等方面对其性能进行了评价。结果表明，该传感器在24.8 N ~ 216.6 N的冲击力范围内具有良好的线性响应，测量误差低于2.5 %，且对测量距离和环境光的变化不敏感。该传感器进一步应用于乒乓球冲击力测试场景，证实了其在评估运动员表现和辅助训练方面的潜力。该传感器成本低、便携性强、环境适应性强，具有良好的应用灵活性和实际部署前景。

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引用次数: 0

Perylene-rhodamine 6 G fluorescent probe for metal ion sensing and non-invasive milk spoilage detection in smart packaging applications 苝罗丹明6 用于金属离子传感和无创牛奶变质检测的G荧光探针在智能包装中的应用

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117371

Amin Hosseini Sharifabad , Marzieh Golshan , Ali Yaghoubi Bagha , Seyedeh-Arefeh Safavi-Mirmahalleh , Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi

With growing concerns over food safety and the need to minimize waste, the development of smart packaging technologies has become increasingly vital. In this study, a colorimetric and fluorescent sensor based on a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide-rhodamine 6 G (PI-Rh6G) hybrid is developed for real-time monitoring of milk spoilage. The PI-Rh6G sensor responds sensitively to environmental changes such as pH, temperature, and metal ions. The structure is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The sensor exhibits sensitive fluorescence (FL) responses on various metal ions (with superior limits of detection; limits of quantification), including FL enhancement for Mn^2 + (0.78 nM; 2.34 nM) and FL quenching for Ni²⁺ (0.19 nM; 0.57 nM) in H₂O, FL quenching for Mn²⁺ (0.01 μM; 0.03 μM) and FL enhancement for Fe³⁺ (0.02 μM; 0.04 μM) in H₂O/EtOH. In practical application, the sensor detects milk spoilage by monitoring pH decrease due to microbial activity, demonstrating high sensitivity, low cost, and real-time, non-invasive detection capability. These findings highlight the PI-Rh6G sensor’s potential as an effective tool in intelligent packaging to ensure food quality and reduce waste.

随着人们对食品安全和减少浪费的日益关注，智能包装技术的发展变得越来越重要。本研究以苝-3,4,9,10-四羧基二亚胺-罗丹明6 G （PI-Rh6G）杂合物为基础，研制了一种用于牛奶腐败实时监测的比色荧光传感器。PI-Rh6G传感器对pH、温度、金属离子等环境变化响应灵敏。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和质子核磁共振光谱对其结构进行了确证。传感器展品敏感荧光(FL)反应在不同金属离子(以精良的检测的局限性;量化的极限),包括FL增强Mn2 +(0.78 nM; 2.34 海里)和FL淬火Ni2 +(0.57 0.19 nM; 海里)在水,FL淬火Mn2 +(0.01 μM, 0.03μM)和FL增强Fe3 +(0.02 μM, 0.04μM)在水/ EtOH。在实际应用中，该传感器通过监测微生物活动导致的pH值下降来检测牛奶变质，具有高灵敏度、低成本、实时、无创检测能力。这些发现突出了PI-Rh6G传感器作为智能包装有效工具的潜力，以确保食品质量和减少浪费。

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引用次数: 0

Compact packaging of high-throughput flexible neural multielectrode arrays for In vivo recording 用于体内记录的高通量柔性神经多电极阵列的紧凑封装

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117347

Xinghan Zhang , Xiwen Zhang , Yang Wang , Rongyu Tang , Qiang Gui , Huan Wei , Zhengping Wu , Yijun Wang , Weihua Pei

Flexible neural multielectrode arrays (fMEAs) possess a lower Young’s modulus and, compared with rigid electrodes, better conform to brain tissue, offering the potential for long-term in vivo recording of single-neuron spiking activity. However, conventional packaging approaches impose volumetric and weight constraints, especially as the number of electrode filaments and recording channels increases to meet growing demands for neuronal sampling. These limitations can interfere with the natural behavior of implanted subjects. In this study, integration of a multi-channel neural signal amplifier chip with an fMEA reduced the device volume to 10 × 12.66 × 1.6 mm³ and the weight to 0.383 g. A set of fMEAs including 8 microfilaments and 256 channels was fabricated and successfully integrated using this approach. Furthermore, a batch in-situ modification method for electrodes on wafer was proposed and enabled implantation of fMEAs individually in a high-throughput and compact manner. In vivo recording experiments demonstrated the feasibility of small-volume packaging for high-throughput fMEAs. This study provides a solution for high-throughput, multi-week recordings of neuronal activity in small animals.

柔性神经多电极阵列（fmea）具有较低的杨氏模量，与刚性电极相比，更符合脑组织，为长期记录单个神经元的峰值活动提供了可能。然而，传统的封装方法施加了体积和重量的限制，特别是当电极丝和记录通道的数量增加以满足不断增长的神经元采样需求时。这些限制会干扰植入对象的自然行为。在本研究中，将多通道神经信号放大芯片与fMEA集成，使器件体积减小到10 × 12.66 × 1.6 mm³ ，重量减小到0.383 g。利用该方法制备了一组包含8根微丝和256个通道的fmea并成功集成。此外，还提出了一种硅片电极的批量原位修饰方法，实现了fmea的高通量和紧凑植入。体内记录实验证明了小体积封装高通量fmea的可行性。这项研究为小动物神经元活动的高通量、多周记录提供了一种解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Self-healing repairing flexible pressure sensor based on liquid metal-graphene aerogel/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-polyurethane composites film for human motion detection 基于液态金属-石墨烯气凝胶/多壁碳纳米管-聚氨酯复合膜的人体运动检测自修复柔性压力传感器

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117374

Xiaoyu Zhou , Mengmeng Tan , Yuyan Sun , Yi Li , Dun Jin , Xiao Yu , Fenghua Li , Haitao Wang , Qixian Zhang

The development of flexible materials and intelligent technology has made the realization of electronic skin (e-skin) possible. It is a challenge to design biomimetic electronic skin with high sensitivity and self-healing ability. For this reason, a liquid metal-graphene aerogel/multi-wall carbon nanotubes-polyurethane (LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU) composite flexible pressure sensor was developed to mimic human skin. Among its components, the graphene aerogel carrying liquid metal mimics subcutaneous tissue, multi-wall carbon nanotubes enhance the conductivity and toughness of the matrix, and polyurethane is added to improve the self-healing ability of the composite. As a piezoresistive sensor, it exhibits high sensitivity (8.37 kPa⁻¹), excellent fatigue resistance (with stability maintained over at least 10,000 uninterrupted cycles), and a rapid response time (254/220 ms), which facilitates the real-time tracking of human motion and signal transmission. The resulting LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU composite has potential applications in the fields of intelligent flexible wearables and physiological signal transmission devices.

柔性材料和智能技术的发展使电子皮肤（e-skin）的实现成为可能。设计具有高灵敏度和自愈能力的仿生电子皮肤是一个挑战。为此，开发了一种液态金属-石墨烯气凝胶/多壁碳纳米管-聚氨酯（LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU）复合柔性压力传感器来模拟人体皮肤。其中，携带液态金属的石墨烯气凝胶模拟皮下组织，多壁碳纳米管增强了基体的导电性和韧性，聚氨酯的加入提高了复合材料的自修复能力。作为一种压阻式传感器，它具有高灵敏度（8.37 kPa−1），优异的抗疲劳性（在至少10,000个不间断循环中保持稳定性）和快速响应时间（254/220 ms），有助于实时跟踪人体运动和信号传输。LM-GA/MWCNTs-PU复合材料在智能柔性可穿戴设备和生理信号传输设备等领域具有潜在的应用前景。

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