Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献_第7页

Effect of different metal oxide nanoparticle types on thermochromism of polydiacetylene as time-temperature indicators: Structural form, size, colorimetric sensing

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116352

Aphisit Saenjaiban , Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee , Kittisak Jantanasakulwong , Winita Punyodom , Youn Suk Lee , Pisith Singjai , Rangsan Panyathip , Pornchai Rachtanapun

Time-temperature indicators (TTIs) are widely fabricated from color-sensing components with polydiacetylene (PDA) and metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) film formation as the core-shell structure. The influence of different types of MO-NPs such as zinc (ZnO-NPs), silicon (SiO-NPs), silver (AgO-NPs), and titanium (TiO-NPs) was investigated by color-changing sensors on PDA solutions and chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. The PDA and chitosan/PVA solutions were formed by adding different MO-NPs, to reveal their diverse properties. The TiO-NPs/PDA film, as the core-shell structure, combined with the carboxylic groups and interacted with PDA. A thin PDA shell was formed on the TiO-NPs that enlarged the surface area and allowed more free rotation of the PDA side chains for TiO-NPs/PDA. As a result, the core-shell structure showed improved sensitivity in color changing (blue to red at 35°C within 96 h), reflected by a higher color response (%CR), corresponding to the shifting of λ_max in the absorption. The TiO-NPs/PDA-embedded chitosan/PVA film also showed color sensing improvement (purplish-blue to purplish orange at 35^○C within 1 day). Thus, TiO-NPs/PDA-embedded chitosan/PVA films showed potential as TTI devices for tracking product quality and temperature during storage.

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引用次数: 0

Optical microfiber intelligent watchband for cuffless blood pressure monitoring

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116325

Jiaqi Chen , Yue Zhang , Bin Liu , Juan Liu , Hong Yang , Yingying Hu , Yue Fu , Qiang Wu

Hypertension is a very common chronic disease in people's lives, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, existing wearable continuous blood pressure monitoring devices have poor comfort, are susceptible to interference, rely on feature extraction for prediction, and have poor generalization ability between individuals, which hinders their application in continuous blood pressure monitoring. Here, we have developed a system based on optical microfiber intelligent watchband for cuffless blood pressure monitoring, which combines fiber optic sensor preparation, optical signal acquisition circuit integration, signal processing methods, and the construction of residual neural network 1D-ResNet to achieve wearable continuous monitoring of arterial dynamic blood pressure. By using single-mode micro fiber (SMMF) technology for 3D packaging, pulse signals can be quickly and accurately captured. The collection and data processing of pulse signals from 100 subjects, as well as model training, resulted in a Mean Error (ME) ± Standard Deviation (SD) of −0.43 ± 4.58 and −0.40 ± 2.77 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP)and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), both in compliance with the standards of The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS). This preliminarily demonstrates the ability and versatility of SMMF wearable devices as reliable blood pressure measurement products.

{"title":"Optical microfiber intelligent watchband for cuffless blood pressure monitoring","authors":"Jiaqi Chen , Yue Zhang , Bin Liu , Juan Liu , Hong Yang , Yingying Hu , Yue Fu , Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertension is a very common chronic disease in people's lives, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, existing wearable continuous blood pressure monitoring devices have poor comfort, are susceptible to interference, rely on feature extraction for prediction, and have poor generalization ability between individuals, which hinders their application in continuous blood pressure monitoring. Here, we have developed a system based on optical microfiber intelligent watchband for cuffless blood pressure monitoring, which combines fiber optic sensor preparation, optical signal acquisition circuit integration, signal processing methods, and the construction of residual neural network 1D-ResNet to achieve wearable continuous monitoring of arterial dynamic blood pressure. By using single-mode micro fiber (SMMF) technology for 3D packaging, pulse signals can be quickly and accurately captured. The collection and data processing of pulse signals from 100 subjects, as well as model training, resulted in a Mean Error (ME) ± Standard Deviation (SD) of −0.43 ± 4.58 and −0.40 ± 2.77 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP)and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), both in compliance with the standards of The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS). This preliminarily demonstrates the ability and versatility of SMMF wearable devices as reliable blood pressure measurement products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PneuNet actuators design: Trade-offs between deformation, force, and resistance to buckling

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116307

Zeinab Awada, Yassine Haddab, Marc Gouttefarde

Soft pneumatic network (PneuNet) actuators and their derived grippers have gained prominence in industrial and medical applications. The performance of PneuNets is typically assessed based on their angular deformation and the tip force they exert. To enhance their effectiveness, several studies have investigated the relationship between design parameters and these critical performance metrics. This paper expands upon existing literature by examining the impact of design parameters on three performance metrics: angular deformation, tip force, and resistance to buckling—the latter proposed for the first time as a performance metric for PneuNets. Resistance to buckling is significant in applications requiring high forces with minimal restrictions on maximum allowable pressure. The angular deformation and tip force are analyzed by introducing additional design parameters previously unexplored in the literature. Moreover, the former is studied in three different configurations. In this context, the configuration of the PneuNet actuator refers to its orientation, such as horizontal or vertical fixation, and whether it bends against or towards gravity. These configurations simulate environmental factors and the diverse positions that PneuNets may encounter in practical applications. It is demonstrated that the influence of some design parameters on angular deformation is configuration-dependent. Furthermore, a comprehensive table is provided to aid users in optimizing PneuNet performance — whether in terms of angular deformation, tip force, or resistance to buckling — according to specific application requirements. Finally, to evaluate the practical applications of these performance metrics, five PneuNet grippers with different shapes are fabricated and tested in two distinct gripping modes.

{"title":"PneuNet actuators design: Trade-offs between deformation, force, and resistance to buckling","authors":"Zeinab Awada, Yassine Haddab, Marc Gouttefarde","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft pneumatic network (PneuNet) actuators and their derived grippers have gained prominence in industrial and medical applications. The performance of PneuNets is typically assessed based on their angular deformation and the tip force they exert. To enhance their effectiveness, several studies have investigated the relationship between design parameters and these critical performance metrics. This paper expands upon existing literature by examining the impact of design parameters on three performance metrics: angular deformation, tip force, and resistance to buckling—the latter proposed for the first time as a performance metric for PneuNets. Resistance to buckling is significant in applications requiring high forces with minimal restrictions on maximum allowable pressure. The angular deformation and tip force are analyzed by introducing additional design parameters previously unexplored in the literature. Moreover, the former is studied in three different configurations. In this context, the configuration of the PneuNet actuator refers to its orientation, such as horizontal or vertical fixation, and whether it bends against or towards gravity. These configurations simulate environmental factors and the diverse positions that PneuNets may encounter in practical applications. It is demonstrated that the influence of some design parameters on angular deformation is configuration-dependent. Furthermore, a comprehensive table is provided to aid users in optimizing PneuNet performance — whether in terms of angular deformation, tip force, or resistance to buckling — according to specific application requirements. Finally, to evaluate the practical applications of these performance metrics, five PneuNet grippers with different shapes are fabricated and tested in two distinct gripping modes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible, stretchable MXene/polydopamine@Natural rubber-based strain sensor with core-shell structures

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116350

Xin Gu, Jinyu Sun, Yizhong Yuan, Xiaohui Tian, Yucheng Ding, Weihao Qin

In recent years, the demand for flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and wide detection has increased significantly. Nevertheless, there are few reports on flexible strain sensors that maintain high sensitivity while simultaneously exhibiting an ultra-wide detection range. In this work, a space stacking method is devised to fabricate a Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene)/polydopamine (PDA)@natural rubber (NR) composite film with a core-shell structure possessing an ultra-wide detection range. With the introduction of PDA into the surface of the NR, PDA has a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the surface. These groups provide abundant active sites for MXene and can form hydrogen bonds with the -F and -O groups on the surface of MXene, thereby strengthening the interfacial interactions. Specifically, the sensing range of the MXene/PDA@NR composite increases by a factor of 1.8 (from 320 % to 896 %) compared to the NR/MXene composite, along with high sensitivity (up to 938.7 for gauge factor (GF)), a short response time (300 ms), and sensing stability (2500 cycles at 50 %). Furthermore, this MXene/PDA@NR strain sensor effectively detects and monitors limb joint movements, and it can even capture subtle changes in the throat during swallowing. Therefore, the MXene/PDA@NR strain sensor holds great promise for integration into flexible wearable electronics.

{"title":"Flexible, stretchable MXene/polydopamine@Natural rubber-based strain sensor with core-shell structures","authors":"Xin Gu, Jinyu Sun, Yizhong Yuan, Xiaohui Tian, Yucheng Ding, Weihao Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the demand for flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and wide detection has increased significantly. Nevertheless, there are few reports on flexible strain sensors that maintain high sensitivity while simultaneously exhibiting an ultra-wide detection range. In this work, a space stacking method is devised to fabricate a Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> (MXene)/polydopamine (PDA)@natural rubber (NR) composite film with a core-shell structure possessing an ultra-wide detection range. With the introduction of PDA into the surface of the NR, PDA has a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the surface. These groups provide abundant active sites for MXene and can form hydrogen bonds with the -F and -O groups on the surface of MXene, thereby strengthening the interfacial interactions. Specifically, the sensing range of the MXene/PDA@NR composite increases by a factor of 1.8 (from 320 % to 896 %) compared to the NR/MXene composite, along with high sensitivity (up to 938.7 for gauge factor (GF)), a short response time (300 ms), and sensing stability (2500 cycles at 50 %). Furthermore, this MXene/PDA@NR strain sensor effectively detects and monitors limb joint movements, and it can even capture subtle changes in the throat during swallowing. Therefore, the MXene/PDA@NR strain sensor holds great promise for integration into flexible wearable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-function ionic flexible sensors with linear humidity and strain perception based on grid weave structure

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116349

Huanyu Liu, Mingxin Wu, Jiaming Fan, Tingyu Xu, Yunhui Wu

Multifunctional flexible sensors capable of detecting strain and humidity are crucial for the accurate, stable, and safe information between individuals and objects in complex environments. However, achieving dual-function ionic flexible sensors (IFS) with linear humidity and strain perception remains an enormous challenge. This paper introduces a multifunctional wearable sensor based on ionic liquids (ILs) capable of simultaneously detecting humidity and strain. The sensor utilizes a grid-structured thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber via near-field electrospinning (NFS) technology, and encapsulates it with IL-bonded waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to achieve linear sensing of both humidity and strain. Owing to the grid structure design, the sensor exhibits high linearity in the detection of both humidity and strain. Moreover, the sensor exhibits excellent stability and mechanical flexibility, and a quick response to humidity changes, a short recovery time. Consequently, the sensor can successfully monitor human respiration with strain interference. Additionally, the mechanism of the grid-structured effect on sensing signals linearity is revealed. This research paves the way for dual-function flexible sensors and their applications in human movement, respiration monitoring, and human-machine interaction.

{"title":"Dual-function ionic flexible sensors with linear humidity and strain perception based on grid weave structure","authors":"Huanyu Liu, Mingxin Wu, Jiaming Fan, Tingyu Xu, Yunhui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multifunctional flexible sensors capable of detecting strain and humidity are crucial for the accurate, stable, and safe information between individuals and objects in complex environments. However, achieving dual-function ionic flexible sensors (IFS) with linear humidity and strain perception remains an enormous challenge. This paper introduces a multifunctional wearable sensor based on ionic liquids (ILs) capable of simultaneously detecting humidity and strain. The sensor utilizes a grid-structured thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber via near-field electrospinning (NFS) technology, and encapsulates it with IL-bonded waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to achieve linear sensing of both humidity and strain. Owing to the grid structure design, the sensor exhibits high linearity in the detection of both humidity and strain. Moreover, the sensor exhibits excellent stability and mechanical flexibility, and a quick response to humidity changes, a short recovery time. Consequently, the sensor can successfully monitor human respiration with strain interference. Additionally, the mechanism of the grid-structured effect on sensing signals linearity is revealed. This research paves the way for dual-function flexible sensors and their applications in human movement, respiration monitoring, and human-machine interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced sensitivity of compliant piezoresistive sensors with strain-modulated surface hole structures

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116344

Ying Chen, Yujiao Qin, Muzi Fang, Peng Wang, Ruishan Xie, Haibin Liu

Compliant sensors with enhanced sensitivity are of interest for a wide range of applications. However, it is still challenging to implement high-performance sensors at reduced fabrication costs. Herein, a new design of compliant sensors with enhanced sensitivity is investigated by jointly utilizing strain-dependent piezoresistive material properties and simple strain-modulated surface hole structures. The surface hole structure amplifies local piezoresistive responses at strain-concentrated regions, and enhances sensitivity globally. Multi-objective optimization is conducted to obtain maximal sensitivity at a minimal loss in mechanical strength due to the hole structure. Experimental validations are performed on sensors made of low-cost exfoliated graphite nanocomposites via a simple and scalable cut-and-spray technique. Results show that the single rectangular-hole structure maximizes sensitivity to ∼ 8.25 with a decrease in mechanical strength by 44 %, compared to sensors without surface structures. T-shape hole structures are shown to improve sensitivity (∼14.56) more effectively by a factor of 2.4 with a loss of mechanical strength by 21 %. The strain-modulated sensor also demonstrates long-term stability (∼ 500 cycles) in cyclic tests, and reliable performance in tracking the movement of a robotic finger. This work provides a promising way to achieve cost-competitive compliant sensors with enhanced sensitivity.

{"title":"Enhanced sensitivity of compliant piezoresistive sensors with strain-modulated surface hole structures","authors":"Ying Chen, Yujiao Qin, Muzi Fang, Peng Wang, Ruishan Xie, Haibin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compliant sensors with enhanced sensitivity are of interest for a wide range of applications. However, it is still challenging to implement high-performance sensors at reduced fabrication costs. Herein, a new design of compliant sensors with enhanced sensitivity is investigated by jointly utilizing strain-dependent piezoresistive material properties and simple strain-modulated surface hole structures. The surface hole structure amplifies local piezoresistive responses at strain-concentrated regions, and enhances sensitivity globally. Multi-objective optimization is conducted to obtain maximal sensitivity at a minimal loss in mechanical strength due to the hole structure. Experimental validations are performed on sensors made of low-cost exfoliated graphite nanocomposites via a simple and scalable cut-and-spray technique. Results show that the single rectangular-hole structure maximizes sensitivity to ∼ 8.25 with a decrease in mechanical strength by 44 %, compared to sensors without surface structures. T-shape hole structures are shown to improve sensitivity (∼14.56) more effectively by a factor of 2.4 with a loss of mechanical strength by 21 %. The strain-modulated sensor also demonstrates long-term stability (∼ 500 cycles) in cyclic tests, and reliable performance in tracking the movement of a robotic finger. This work provides a promising way to achieve cost-competitive compliant sensors with enhanced sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing dust concentration monitoring in high particulate matter environments: A dual-light source particulate matter sensor approach based on Mie scattering

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116348

Changwei Xu , Wen Nie , Huitian Peng , Huaitong Li , Junchao Wan

Accurate real-time monitoring of mine particulate matter is essential for comprehensive dust control in coal mines. Because of the high concentrations of PM10 in mines, when traditional optical dust concentration sensors are used, large dust particles at the front end can prevent the rear dust particles from receiving light signals. Thus, the laser beam is scattered selectively when passing through the dust mass, which decreases the measured concentrations. This paper presents a dual-light source respirable particulate matter concentration sensor based on Mie scattering. A calculation program written in MATLAB analyzed the scattered light intensity distribution at different angles of 0.1–7μm dust particles under 300–900 nm laser irradiation. There was not a one-to-one correspondence between the intensity and particle diameter; larger particles did not always scatter more light at specific angles. Further simulations were conducted to analyze the light intensity distributions of laser beams with different wavelengths after passing through the mass of polydisperse dust particles. The peak scattering intensity was at approximately 488 and 640 nm. Furthermore, an experimental system was constructed to test the dual-wavelength light scattering characteristics of the dust particles. The optimal placement of the light source and photodetector was determined experimentally, and the sensor hardware and software system design were completed. The anti-noise performance results indicate that when the noise was not greater than 5 %, the dust concentration results of the sensor remained sufficiently accurate. The experimental results demonstrated that the sensor performed reliably and accurately for different measurement intervals; the correlation coefficient R of the test data and filter membrane weighing and calibration data was 0.983.

{"title":"Enhancing dust concentration monitoring in high particulate matter environments: A dual-light source particulate matter sensor approach based on Mie scattering","authors":"Changwei Xu , Wen Nie , Huitian Peng , Huaitong Li , Junchao Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate real-time monitoring of mine particulate matter is essential for comprehensive dust control in coal mines. Because of the high concentrations of PM10 in mines, when traditional optical dust concentration sensors are used, large dust particles at the front end can prevent the rear dust particles from receiving light signals. Thus, the laser beam is scattered selectively when passing through the dust mass, which decreases the measured concentrations. This paper presents a dual-light source respirable particulate matter concentration sensor based on Mie scattering. A calculation program written in MATLAB analyzed the scattered light intensity distribution at different angles of 0.1–7μm dust particles under 300–900 nm laser irradiation. There was not a one-to-one correspondence between the intensity and particle diameter; larger particles did not always scatter more light at specific angles. Further simulations were conducted to analyze the light intensity distributions of laser beams with different wavelengths after passing through the mass of polydisperse dust particles. The peak scattering intensity was at approximately 488 and 640 nm. Furthermore, an experimental system was constructed to test the dual-wavelength light scattering characteristics of the dust particles. The optimal placement of the light source and photodetector was determined experimentally, and the sensor hardware and software system design were completed. The anti-noise performance results indicate that when the noise was not greater than 5 %, the dust concentration results of the sensor remained sufficiently accurate. The experimental results demonstrated that the sensor performed reliably and accurately for different measurement intervals; the correlation coefficient R of the test data and filter membrane weighing and calibration data was 0.983.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaging of inclusions in concrete with enhanced low-frequency ultrasound tomography

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116324

Lu Zhang , Chong Qiao , Shangda Jia , Jiajun Zeng , Hongyu Li , Tonghao Zhang , Shengfa Wu

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is widely used to identify surface and sub-surface defects/flaws in various materials. Especially for a concrete structure, the visualization of the interior using ultrasound tomography allows for the quantitative description of defects. However, imaging error errors in concrete are inevitable due to the nature of ray-trace-based tomography and material, whose detectability can be influenced by many factors (e.g., wave propagation, the existence of aggregates, pores, heterogeneity, etc.). In order to enhance the imaging quality, a proper selection of abnormal path imaging methods based on the average ultrasonic velocity is proposed. The defective and imperfect zones in concrete can be identified by plotting intersection zones formed with multiple paths of ultrasound propagation. To illustrate the proposed strategy, both numerical and experimental analyses were conducted; furthermore, the reliability and efficiency have been confirmed accordingly. Compared with the conventional tomography method, the path optimization imaging method can effectively enhance the detectability and reduce the deployment of transducers and the number of measurements. In addition, an optimization method for determining the time of flight (TOF) is presented to obtain a more accurate arrival time for each ultrasound path with a noise outlier-based method. Low-frequency ultrasonic testing schemes were proposed to ensure sufficient ultrasonic energy penetration and reduce signal attenuation. This work offers a practical solution for high-quality ultrasonic imaging in concrete and further provides an idea for cost-effective and in-situ evaluations.

{"title":"Imaging of inclusions in concrete with enhanced low-frequency ultrasound tomography","authors":"Lu Zhang , Chong Qiao , Shangda Jia , Jiajun Zeng , Hongyu Li , Tonghao Zhang , Shengfa Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is widely used to identify surface and sub-surface defects/flaws in various materials. Especially for a concrete structure, the visualization of the interior using ultrasound tomography allows for the quantitative description of defects. However, imaging error errors in concrete are inevitable due to the nature of ray-trace-based tomography and material, whose detectability can be influenced by many factors (e.g., wave propagation, the existence of aggregates, pores, heterogeneity, etc.). In order to enhance the imaging quality, a proper selection of abnormal path imaging methods based on the average ultrasonic velocity is proposed. The defective and imperfect zones in concrete can be identified by plotting intersection zones formed with multiple paths of ultrasound propagation. To illustrate the proposed strategy, both numerical and experimental analyses were conducted; furthermore, the reliability and efficiency have been confirmed accordingly. Compared with the conventional tomography method, the path optimization imaging method can effectively enhance the detectability and reduce the deployment of transducers and the number of measurements. In addition, an optimization method for determining the time of flight (TOF) is presented to obtain a more accurate arrival time for each ultrasound path with a noise outlier-based method. Low-frequency ultrasonic testing schemes were proposed to ensure sufficient ultrasonic energy penetration and reduce signal attenuation. This work offers a practical solution for high-quality ultrasonic imaging in concrete and further provides an idea for cost-effective and in-situ evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fin interdigital capacitors 鳍式数字间电容器

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116347

Harry Miyosi Silalahi , Yu-Chih Chiang , Chia-Yi Huang

Interdigital capacitors have many fascinating applications, such as humidity detection, molecular detection, and biomedical sensing. The fascinating applications rely on the large sensitivities of the interdigital capacitors to the dielectric constants of analytes. Large sensitivities can be achieved by modifying the geometrical parameters of interdigital capacitors. This work proposes another method for increasing the sensitivities of interdigital capacitors by introducing nanowalls into interdigital capacitors. A fin interdigital capacitor that comprises an array of silver strips stacked with silver nanowalls with a high aspect ratio of 22.8 is designed in this work. Simulation and theoretical analysis reveal that the nanowalls generate strong electric field in the gap between the electrodes of the fin interdigital capacitor, increasing its sensitivity to the dielectric constants of analytes. A fin interdigital capacitor is fabricated in this work. The fin interdigital capacitor exhibits low impedance across frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 20 kHz, indicating high capacitance, minimal energy loss, excellent thermal efficiency, and suitability for high-frequency sensor applications. The fin interdigital capacitor has an experimental dielectric sensitivity up to 122.1 %/Δε, and senses bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the protein binding of BSA and anti-BSA as BSA and anti-BSA solutions with a low concentration of 0.150 μmol/L are sequentially deposited onto it. As a result, nanowalls with high aspect ratios are an excellent design for improving the dielectric sensitivities of interdigital capacitors.

{"title":"Fin interdigital capacitors","authors":"Harry Miyosi Silalahi , Yu-Chih Chiang , Chia-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interdigital capacitors have many fascinating applications, such as humidity detection, molecular detection, and biomedical sensing. The fascinating applications rely on the large sensitivities of the interdigital capacitors to the dielectric constants of analytes. Large sensitivities can be achieved by modifying the geometrical parameters of interdigital capacitors. This work proposes another method for increasing the sensitivities of interdigital capacitors by introducing nanowalls into interdigital capacitors. A fin interdigital capacitor that comprises an array of silver strips stacked with silver nanowalls with a high aspect ratio of 22.8 is designed in this work. Simulation and theoretical analysis reveal that the nanowalls generate strong electric field in the gap between the electrodes of the fin interdigital capacitor, increasing its sensitivity to the dielectric constants of analytes. A fin interdigital capacitor is fabricated in this work. The fin interdigital capacitor exhibits low impedance across frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 20 kHz, indicating high capacitance, minimal energy loss, excellent thermal efficiency, and suitability for high-frequency sensor applications. The fin interdigital capacitor has an experimental dielectric sensitivity up to 122.1 %/Δ<em>ε</em>, and senses bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the protein binding of BSA and anti-BSA as BSA and anti-BSA solutions with a low concentration of 0.150 μmol/L are sequentially deposited onto it. As a result, nanowalls with high aspect ratios are an excellent design for improving the dielectric sensitivities of interdigital capacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wide input range readout IC for efficient signal extraction in gas sensor systems

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116346

Jang-Su Hyeon , Soon-Kyu Kwon , Hyeon-June Kim

This work presents a novel wide input range (WIR) readout integrated circuit (ROIC) designed for gas sensor applications. The proposed ROIC effectively doubles the input range of conventional single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SS-ADC) by incorporating an additional most significant bit (MSB) conversion phase. This enhancement enables accurate signal extraction from highly variable gas sensor outputs. The ROIC also integrates an innovative AC-coupling input network to handle slow response characteristics without increasing the AC-coupling capacitor size. The proposed ROIC can operate in two modes: normal and WIR mode. It dynamically adapts to signal variations, ensuring robust performance under varying environmental conditions without the need for complex post-processing. The WIR ROIC offers a practical and efficient solution for enhancing the dynamic range of gas sensor systems while maintaining the inherent sensitivity of the gas sensors. The prototype ROIC was fabricated using a 180 nm standard CMOS process, exhibiting a total power consumption of about 1.51 mW at a conversion rate of 62.5 kHz. The proposed design achieves competitive figure of merits: 19.6pJ/Step and 151.48 dB, indicating superior performance compared to state-of-the-art designs.

{"title":"Wide input range readout IC for efficient signal extraction in gas sensor systems","authors":"Jang-Su Hyeon , Soon-Kyu Kwon , Hyeon-June Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a novel wide input range (WIR) readout integrated circuit (ROIC) designed for gas sensor applications. The proposed ROIC effectively doubles the input range of conventional single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SS-ADC) by incorporating an additional most significant bit (MSB) conversion phase. This enhancement enables accurate signal extraction from highly variable gas sensor outputs. The ROIC also integrates an innovative AC-coupling input network to handle slow response characteristics without increasing the AC-coupling capacitor size. The proposed ROIC can operate in two modes: normal and WIR mode. It dynamically adapts to signal variations, ensuring robust performance under varying environmental conditions without the need for complex post-processing. The WIR ROIC offers a practical and efficient solution for enhancing the dynamic range of gas sensor systems while maintaining the inherent sensitivity of the gas sensors. The prototype ROIC was fabricated using a 180 nm standard CMOS process, exhibiting a total power consumption of about 1.51 mW at a conversion rate of 62.5 kHz. The proposed design achieves competitive figure of merits: 19.6pJ/Step and 151.48 dB, indicating superior performance compared to state-of-the-art designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0