Scientific African最新文献_第2页

Contextual and socio-economic factors affected urban dwellers experiences of and vulnerability to ecosystem disservices 环境和社会经济因素影响城市居民对生态系统服务的体验和脆弱性

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02404

Peoples’ experiences of Ecosystem Disservices (EDS) are influenced by socio-economic and environmental characteristics, and this needs better understanding for informed planning and management of urban green infrastructure. The paper investigated the understudied area of how socio-economic and environmental factors influence people's experiences of EDS in urban green spaces, in four towns in South Africa. Employing a questionnaire survey, in 303 randomly selected households in three neighborhoods of different economic standing, alongside statistical analysis provided quantitative data on experiences and vulnerability to EDS. A list of reported EDS was compiled and the number of EDS/respondent was compared between towns, neighborhoods and places of experience, using Kruskal-Wallis test and nested ANOVAs. Respondents’ vulnerability to EDS was assessed by analyzing the magnitudes of experience and coping abilities. The influences of socio-economic and environmental characteristics on experiences of and vulnerability to EDS were assessed using PCAs. Twenty-three EDS were reported in total, with the highest numbers recorded in affluent areas and the lowest in the poorest areas. Irrespective of town and neighborhood, the reported EDS were mainly experienced in domestic gardens and surrounding streets. Consequently, only one EDS seems of high concern, while the others are of lower concern or well manageable by the respondents. Significant influences of socio-economic (education and income levels, source of income, upbringing, frequency of visits to green spaces (GS), length of residence in neighborhoods) and environmental (environmental worldview, garden ownership, membership to environmental NGO) characteristics were observed on the experiences and vulnerability to EDS. Therefore, such variations in and influences on peoples’ experiences and vulnerability to EDS should be considered for sustainable management of urban GS. Also, the creation of GS should be accompanied by actions to improve people relationships to nature as well as to ensure their maintenance and security, particularly public GS and commonages.

人们对生态系统耗损（EDS）的体验受到社会经济和环境特征的影响，需要更好地理解这一点，以便对城市绿色基础设施进行知情规划和管理。本文在南非的四个城镇调查了社会经济和环境因素如何影响人们在城市绿地中对 EDS 的体验这一研究不足的领域。在三个不同经济地位的社区随机抽取了 303 户家庭进行问卷调查，并通过统计分析提供了有关 EDS 的经历和脆弱性的定量数据。通过 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和嵌套方差分析，编制了一份报告的 EDS 清单，并对不同城镇、社区和经历地的 EDS 数量/受访者进行了比较。通过分析经历和应对能力的大小，评估了受访者易受 EDS 影响的程度。使用 PCAs 评估了社会经济和环境特征对 EDS 的经历和易感性的影响。共报告了 23 起 EDS，其中富裕地区的 EDS 数量最多，而最贫困地区的 EDS 数量最少。无论城市和社区如何，报告的 EDS 主要发生在住宅花园和周边街道。因此，似乎只有一种 EDS 值得高度关注，而其他 EDS 的关注度较低，或受访者可以很好地控制。社会经济（教育和收入水平、收入来源、成长经历、访问绿地（GS）的频率、在社区居住的时间）和环境（环境世界观、花园所有权、环保非政府组织成员）特征对 EDS 的经历和脆弱性有显著影响。因此，应考虑到人们的经历和易受 EDS 影响程度的这些变化和影响，以便对城市公共绿地进行可持续管理。此外，在创建园林的同时，还应采取行动改善人们与自然的关系，并确保园林的维护和安全，特别是公共园林和公用园林。

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引用次数: 0

A spatio-temporal infection epidemic model with fractional order, general incidence, and vaccination analysis 具有分数阶、一般发病率和疫苗接种分析的时空感染流行病模型

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02349

The paper investigates a spatio-temporal SEIR epidemic model on a global level with fractional order. It employs four partial differential equations incorporating fractional derivatives and account for diffusion to characterize infection dynamics. By applying fixed-point theorem results, the paper establishes the existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of the solution. Equilibrium points are determined based on vaccination values and the basic reproduction number

R_{0}

. Global stability of each equilibrium is confirmed using the Lyapunov direct method. Through simulations with a predictor–corrector algorithm, key insights into epidemiological dynamics are provided, elucidating the impact of vaccination on reducing disease transmission and altering

R_{0}

. Trajectories of various compartments closely align with theoretical equilibrium points, affirming the model’s predictive precision. Furthermore, simulations indicate the potential for attaining disease-free equilibria with heightened vaccination rates, underscoring the pivotal role of vaccination strategies in epidemic control and disease eradication. It was shown that the fractional derivative order has no effect on the equilibrium stability but rather only on the convergence speed towards the equilibrium points.

本文研究了一种具有分数阶的全球时空 SEIR 流行病模型。它采用了四个包含分数导数的偏微分方程，并考虑了扩散因素，以描述感染动态。通过应用定点定理结果，本文确定了解的存在性、唯一性和有界性。根据疫苗接种值和基本繁殖数 R0 确定了平衡点。利用 Lyapunov 直接法确认了每个平衡点的全局稳定性。通过使用预测-校正算法进行模拟，提供了对流行病学动态的重要见解，阐明了接种疫苗对减少疾病传播和改变 R0 的影响。各分区的轨迹与理论平衡点密切吻合，证实了模型的预测精度。此外，模拟结果表明，随着疫苗接种率的提高，有可能达到无疾病平衡点，这凸显了疫苗接种策略在流行病控制和疾病根除中的关键作用。模拟结果表明，分数导数阶次对平衡稳定性没有影响，而只是对平衡点的收敛速度有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Does the environmental Phillips curve hypothesis hold within the Ghanaian context? 环境菲利普斯曲线假设在加纳是否成立？

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02400

This study examines the relationship between environmental quality and unemployment in Ghana using annual data spanning the period from 1990 to 2019. It also assesses the impact of gender-segregated unemployment rate on environmental quality. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) error correction model to estimate the relationship among the variables. In addition, the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimation procedures were employed to check for robustness of the ARDL results. Findings indicate a positive effect of total unemployment rate on environmental quality in Ghana in the long-run and also in the short-run. In the case of the gender-segregated unemployment, the findings reveal that in both short-run and long-run, a rise in female unemployment causes a deterioration in environmental quality in Ghana. The results also validated the Environmental Phillips Curve (EPC) hypothesis in the case of male unemployment. Thus, given that there is no general pattern in the findings, the study concludes that the Environmental Phillips Curve (EPC) hypothesis does not hold within the Ghanaian context.

本研究利用 1990 年至 2019 年期间的年度数据，研究了加纳环境质量与失业率之间的关系。研究还评估了按性别分列的失业率对环境质量的影响。研究采用了自回归分布滞后（ARDL）误差修正模型来估计变量之间的关系。此外，还采用了完全修正普通最小二乘法（FMOLS）和动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS）估计程序来检验 ARDL 结果的稳健性。研究结果表明，总失业率在长期和短期内对加纳的环境质量都有积极影响。就按性别分列的失业率而言，研究结果表明，无论从短期还是长期来看，女性失业率的上升都会导致加纳环境质量的恶化。结果还验证了男性失业情况下的环境菲利普斯曲线（EPC）假设。因此，鉴于研究结果不存在普遍规律，本研究得出结论认为，环境菲利普斯曲线（EPC）假设在加纳并不成立。

引用次数: 0

Anomaly detection using unsupervised machine learning algorithms: A simulation study 使用无监督机器学习算法进行异常检测：模拟研究

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02386

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of five prominent unsupervised machine learning anomaly detection algorithms: One-Class Support Vector Machine (One-Class SVM), One-Class SVM with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Isolation Forest (iForest), Local Outlier Factor (LOF), and Robust Covariance (Elliptic Envelope). Through systematic analysis on a synthetically simulated dataset, the study assessed each algorithm’s predictive performance using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score specifically for outlier detection. The evaluation reveals that One-Class SVM, Isolation Forest, and Robust Covariance are more effective in identifying outliers in the synthetic simulated dataset, with Isolation Forest slightly outperforming the other algorithms in terms of balancing precision and recall. One-Class SVM with SGD shows promise in precision but needs adjustment to improve recall. Local Outlier Factor may require parameter tuning or may not be as suitable for this particular dataset’s characteristics. The findings reveal significant variations in performance, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each method in identifying anomalies. This research contributes to the field of machine learning by demonstrating that the selection of an anomaly detection algorithm should be a considered decision, taking into account the specific characteristics of the data and the operational context of its application. Future work should explore parameter optimization, the impact of dataset characteristics on model performance, and the application of these models to real-world datasets to validate their efficacy in practical anomaly detection scenarios.

本研究对五种著名的无监督机器学习异常检测算法进行了综合评估：单类支持向量机（One-Class SVM）、随机梯度下降单类支持向量机（One-Class SVM with Stochastic Gradient Descent，SGD）、隔离森林（Isolation Forest，iForest）、局部离群因子（Local Outlier Factor，LOF）和鲁棒性协方差（Robust Covariance，Elliptic Envelope）。通过对合成模拟数据集进行系统分析，该研究使用准确度、精确度、召回率和 F1 分数评估了每种算法的预测性能，特别是在离群点检测方面。评估结果表明，One-Class SVM、Isolation Forest 和 Robust Covariance 在识别合成模拟数据集中的离群值方面更为有效，其中 Isolation Forest 在平衡精度和召回率方面略优于其他算法。带有 SGD 的单类 SVM 在精确度方面表现出色，但需要进行调整以提高召回率。本地离群因子可能需要调整参数，或者可能不适合这一特定数据集的特点。研究结果揭示了性能上的显著差异，突出了每种方法在识别异常方面的优势和局限性。这项研究表明，异常检测算法的选择应该是一个深思熟虑的决定，要考虑到数据的具体特征及其应用的操作环境，从而为机器学习领域做出贡献。未来的工作应探索参数优化、数据集特征对模型性能的影响，以及将这些模型应用于真实世界的数据集，以验证它们在实际异常检测场景中的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of plant hormones and genotypes on anther culture response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) 植物激素和基因型对红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）花药培养反应的影响

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02367

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) belongs to the composite family with various uses, from the stem to the seeds. In vitro flowering and embryo rescue are common techniques for improving safflower hybrid fertility by overcoming breeding constraints. However, anther culture expedites the production of superior types. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of plant hormones and genotypes on anther culture responses and to develop a suitable protocol. In both safflower genotypes, callus, shoot, and root formation were investigated using ten factorial hormone treatments. To promote callus induction and shoot regeneration, variable doses of Thidiazuron (TDZ) at 1 mg/l indole butyric acid (IBA) and variable benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0.5 mg/l NAA were added to the MS medium, respectively. ½ MS media with varying IBA concentrations at a fixed 0.5 mg/l NAA were used for root regeneration. Results showed that Turkan was superior in all aspects of callus induction, and the highest degree of callus formation (46 %) was observed at 0.5 mg/l TDZ. On the other hand, the local safflower performed better for shoot and root regeneration. The highest shoot regeneration capacity (20 %) was shown at 2.0 mg/l BAP, while shoot rooting was reached (21 %) at 1.0 mg/l IBA of culture media. Despite successful in vitro regeneration, acclimated plantlets did not survive in the glasshouse. In this study, we demonstrated the higher capability for both shoot and root regeneration of calli produced from local safflower anthers. More effort is required to improve shoot and root development for both genotypes.

红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）属于复合科植物，从茎到种子有多种用途。体外开花和胚胎挽救是通过克服育种限制来提高红花杂交育种能力的常用技术。然而，花药培养可加快优良品种的培育。本研究旨在评估植物激素和基因型对花药培养反应的影响，并制定合适的方案。在两种红花基因型中，使用 10 种因子激素处理，对胼胝体、芽和根的形成进行了研究。为了促进胼胝体诱导和嫩枝再生，在 MS 培养基中分别添加了不同剂量的噻螨酮（TDZ）（1 毫克/升吲哚丁酸（IBA））和不同剂量的苄氨基嘌呤（BAP）（0.5 毫克/升 NAA）。½ MS 培养基在固定的 0.5 毫克/升 NAA 浓度下添加不同浓度的 IBA，用于根再生。结果表明，Turkan 在诱导胼胝体的各个方面都更胜一筹，在 0.5 毫克/升 TDZ 条件下，胼胝体形成率最高（46%）。另一方面，本地红花在芽和根的再生方面表现更好。培养基中 2.0 毫克/升 BAP 的芽再生能力最高（20%），而 1.0 毫克/升 IBA 的芽生根能力为 21%。尽管体外再生成功，但在玻璃温室中适应环境的小植株无法存活。在这项研究中，我们证明了本地红花花药产生的胼胝体具有较高的芽和根再生能力。要改善这两种基因型的芽和根的发育，还需要付出更多努力。

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引用次数: 0

Spacecraft formation flying orbital control for earth observation mission 地球观测任务的航天器编队飞行轨道控制

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02391

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors have gained much attention for multiple civil use cases, where NewSpace startups have launched and planning to launch sensors to orbit to harvest the unique capabilities of SAR for the Earth Observation (EO) market. Unlike optical, SAR can capture images in all lighting conditions and penetrate cloud cover, generating exceptional use cases, which makes SAR the most reliable sensor. For example, monitoring soil deformation with millimeter accuracy, oil spills, crop lodging, and typical EO use cases of optical sensors that are unable to penetrate the clouds or see at night. However, SAR is still limited in civil use cases because it is tough to interpret. In addition, unlike government users who can consume the SAR data directly, most civil end-users need analytics on top of the data. To unlock the potential civil use cases, many experts believe that optical EO data should be fused with SAR at the EO upstream, thus suggesting optical and SAR sensors fly in formation. Spacecraft Formation Flying (SFF) is one of the key technology enablers for space exploration and EO space missions. This paper presents an SFF EO mission (SAR and Optical) design considering orbit requirements to maximize user objectives inspired by OptiSAR™ Constellation.

合成孔径雷达（SAR）传感器在多种民用案例中备受关注，新空间初创公司已经发射并计划发射传感器到轨道上，以利用合成孔径雷达的独特功能来对地观测（EO）市场。与光学传感器不同，合成孔径雷达可以在任何光照条件下捕捉图像，并穿透云层，从而产生特殊的应用案例，使合成孔径雷达成为最可靠的传感器。例如，以毫米级精度监测土壤变形、石油泄漏、农作物虫害，以及光学传感器无法穿透云层或在夜间观测的典型 EO 用例。然而，由于难以解读，合成孔径雷达在民用方面的应用仍然有限。此外，与可直接使用合成孔径雷达数据的政府用户不同，大多数民用终端用户需要在数据基础上进行分析。为了发掘潜在的民用案例，许多专家认为，应在 EO 上游将光学 EO 数据与合成孔径雷达数据融合，因此建议光学传感器和合成孔径雷达传感器编队飞行。航天器编队飞行（SFF）是太空探索和 EO 太空任务的关键技术之一。本文介绍了一种 SFF EO 任务（合成孔径雷达和光学）的设计，考虑了轨道要求，以最大限度地实现 OptiSAR™ 星座的用户目标。

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引用次数: 0

Therapeutic potential of Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell: antimycobacterial activity and safety evaluation Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell 的治疗潜力：抗霉菌活性和安全性评估

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02371

Background

Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell extracts are commonly utilized in Tanzania and other countries for treating conditions associated with HIV and AIDS, including tuberculosis (TB). In Tanzania, it is listed among the most frequently traded plant species for medicinal use in different marketplaces. However, limited literature exists regarding its antimycobacterial properties and safety profile.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate Z. africana ethanolic extract for safety and antimycobacterial activity.

Methods

The antimycobacterial activity of the crude extracts was assessed using the broth microdilution method against various non-pathogenic mycobacteria strains including Mycobacterium aurum (MA), Mycobacterium madagascariense (MM), and Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP). Bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to isolate the active compounds. The safety profile of the crude extract was investigated through cytotoxicity assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the brine shrimp lethality test.

Results

The 80% ethanolic extracts of Z. africana demonstrated activity against all tested non-pathogenic mycobacteria. The antimycobacterial activity of ethanolic extract of the stem bark was 625 µg/mL, 313 µg/mL and 125 µg/mL against MA, MM, and MIP, respectively. The most potent fraction was the ethyl acetate fraction, from which two active compounds were isolated: proanthocyanidin A₂; Compound (1) and its monomer epicatechin, Compound (2). Compound (1) exhibited higher antimycobacterial activity compared to compound (2) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 19.50 µg/mL and 12.98 µg/mL against MM and MIP respectively. The ethanolic extract did not demonstrate toxicity on PBMCs and brine shrimps.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that Z. africana extracts and the isolated compounds possess antimycobacterial activity. This provides evidence supporting the traditional use of Z. africana extracts for TB management. Further research is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of the plant constituents using different models.

背景Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell 的提取物在坦桑尼亚和其他国家通常用于治疗与艾滋病毒和艾滋病有关的疾病，包括肺结核（TB）。在坦桑尼亚，它被列为不同市场上交易最频繁的药用植物品种之一。本研究旨在评估非洲杉乙醇提取物的安全性和抗霉菌活性。方法采用肉汤微稀释法评估了粗提取物对各种非致病分枝杆菌菌株（包括金黄分枝杆菌（MA）、马达加斯加分枝杆菌（MM）和indicus pranii分枝杆菌（MIP））的抗分枝杆菌活性。采用生物测定指导分馏法分离出活性化合物。通过外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）细胞毒性试验和盐水虾致死试验研究了粗提取物的安全性。茎皮乙醇提取物对 MA、MM 和 MIP 的抗霉菌活性分别为 625 µg/mL、313 µg/mL 和 125 µg/mL。乙酸乙酯萃取物是最有效的萃取物，从中分离出两种活性化合物：原花青素 A2；化合物 (1) 及其单体表儿茶素，化合物 (2)。与化合物（2）相比，化合物（1）表现出更高的抗霉菌活性，对 MM 和 MIP 的最低抑制浓度（MICs）分别为 19.50 µg/mL 和 12.98 µg/mL。乙醇提取物对 PBMCs 和盐水虾没有毒性。这为传统上使用非洲杉提取物治疗结核病提供了证据支持。建议开展进一步研究，利用不同模型全面评估植物成分的有效性和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on medicinal plant extracts as antibacterial agents: Factors, mechanism insights and future prospects 关于药用植物提取物作为抗菌剂的全面综述：因素、机理见解与未来前景

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02395

Antibiotic resistance, once a manageable concern, has now emerged as one of the most pressing global health threats. In response, there is a growing scientific focus on discovering natural and effective antimicrobial agents. In this review, we aim to address this urgent issue by summarizing recent studies from 2014 to 2024 on medicinal plant extracts exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) equal to or less than 625 µg/mL. We explore the key factors influencing the antibacterial efficacy of these extracts and provide an in-depth overview of their mechanisms of action. Systematic literature searches were collected from scientific databases, documenting 81 plant species tested against multiple pathogenic bacteria. The results revealed that extracts from Quercus coccifera, Ocimum gratissimum, and Curcuma longa, demonstrated the highest efficacy against the most commonly targeted pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC of 4 µg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC of 5 µg/mL), and Escherichia coli (MIC of 7.58 µg/mL), respectively. The Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae families demonstrated the highest potency, with Cameroon, Indonesia, and South Africa recognized as primary regions for plant collection. Leaves (50.56 %) were the primary plant parts investigated, with methanol (31.16 %) and ethanol (20.28 %) being the most commonly used solvents in extraction processes. This review not only underscores the significant antibacterial potential of plant extracts but also elucidates how phytochemical composition, extraction methods, and antibacterial screening techniques contribute to their efficacy. This integrative study provides a robust foundation for future research and highlights the promise of plant-based solutions in combating antibiotic resistance.

抗生素耐药性曾经是一个可以控制的问题，但现在已成为最紧迫的全球健康威胁之一。为此，科学界越来越重视发现天然有效的抗菌剂。在这篇综述中，我们总结了从 2014 年到 2024 年有关药用植物提取物的最新研究，这些提取物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）等于或低于 625 µg/mL，旨在解决这一紧迫问题。我们探讨了影响这些提取物抗菌功效的关键因素，并深入概述了它们的作用机制。我们从科学数据库中收集了系统的文献检索，记录了针对多种病原菌测试的 81 种植物。结果显示，柞树、欧莳萝和莪术的提取物对最常见的目标病原体具有最高的疗效，包括铜绿假单胞菌（MIC 为 4 µg/mL）、金黄色葡萄球菌（MIC 为 5 µg/mL）和大肠杆菌（MIC 为 7.58 µg/mL）。桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）、茜草科（Lamiaceae）和繖形花科（Apiaceae）的药效最高，喀麦隆、印度尼西亚和南非是主要的植物采集地区。叶（50.56%）是调查的主要植物部分，甲醇（31.16%）和乙醇（20.28%）是萃取过程中最常用的溶剂。这篇综述不仅强调了植物萃取物的巨大抗菌潜力，还阐明了植物化学成分、萃取方法和抗菌筛选技术是如何促进植物萃取物发挥功效的。这项综合性研究为今后的研究奠定了坚实的基础，并凸显了以植物为基础的解决方案在抗击抗生素耐药性方面的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing Spatial Complexity of the Hard Decision Decoder Based on Hash and Syndrome Decoding (HSDec) 基于哈希和症候解码（HSDec）优化硬解码器的空间复杂性

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02383

In this article, we propose an optimized version of the Hard Decision Decoder based on Hash and Syndrome Decoding (HSDec) decoder, named Reduced Memory Space of HSDec (RMS-HSDec), which uses less memory space. In this article, we aim to reduce the spatial complexity of the HSDec decoding algorithm while preserving its error correction capabilities. Our methodology involves allocating only the essential memory space for correctable error patterns and optimizing the hashing mechanism to effectively handle potential collisions. While maintaining the integrity of error correction, this new method guarantees memory reduction rates of over 96 % for the BCH(63, 39, 9) code and over 84 % for the QR(47, 24, 11) code compared to HSDec. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of RMS-HSDec on various BCH and QR codes over AWGN and Rayleigh channels. The results demonstrated significant memory reduction rates and coding gains ranging from 0.8 dB to 2.8 dB over the AWGN channel and from 14 dB to 32 dB over the Rayleigh channel, confirming the robustness of the algorithm under different channel conditions. Comparative analyses showed that RMS-HSDec maintains competitive performance with existing decoders while offering effective error correction. These findings confirm the robustness of the RMS-HSDec algorithm under different channel conditions. Overall, the proposed decoder proves to be an effective solution, optimizing memory usage without compromising error correction capabilities, making it ideal for high-density data applications and environments with limited memory resources.

在本文中，我们提出了一种基于哈希和症候解码（HSDec）解码器的优化版本，命名为减少内存空间的 HSDec（RMS-HSDec），它使用更少的内存空间。本文旨在降低 HSDec 解码算法的空间复杂性，同时保留其纠错能力。我们的方法包括只为可纠错模式分配必要的内存空间，并优化哈希机制以有效处理潜在的碰撞。与 HSDec 相比，这种新方法在保持纠错完整性的同时，保证 BCH(63, 39, 9) 码的内存减少率超过 96%，QR(47, 24, 11) 码的内存减少率超过 84%。仿真评估了 RMS-HSDec 在 AWGN 和瑞利信道上对各种 BCH 码和 QR 码的性能。结果表明，在 AWGN 信道上，内存减少率和编码增益明显，从 0.8 dB 到 2.8 dB 不等，在瑞利信道上从 14 dB 到 32 dB 不等，证实了该算法在不同信道条件下的鲁棒性。对比分析表明，RMS-HSDec 在提供有效纠错的同时，其性能与现有解码器相比仍具有竞争力。这些发现证实了 RMS-HSDec 算法在不同信道条件下的鲁棒性。总体而言，所提出的解码器被证明是一种有效的解决方案，在优化内存使用的同时不影响纠错能力，因此非常适合高密度数据应用和内存资源有限的环境。

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引用次数: 0

GIS-based multi-criteria approach for ranking suitable areas for the implementation of PV-Powered MCDI desalination plants in the Rheris Watershed, Southeast Morocco 采用基于地理信息系统的多标准方法，对摩洛哥东南部 Rheris 流域实施光伏发电 MCDI 海水淡化厂的合适区域进行排序

IF 2.7 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02396

In Morocco's oases, which rely heavily on surface water from mountain sources, the threat of decreasing rainfall presents a significant challenge, leading to a decline in surface water availability. This study focuses on the Rheris Watershed in Southeast Morocco, where brackish water desalination emerges as a viable alternative to ensure sustainable water supply for agriculture. Prior to the deployment of a pilot plant integrating a desalination unit, selecting an optimal site for PV-powered MCDI desalination plants was critical. This selection was based on a range of criteria, including Groundwater Quantity, Global Horizontal Irradiation, Temperature, Evaporation, Water Salinity, Water Quantity, Well Density and Slope. These criteria were evaluated using a combination of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and geospatial data obtained from Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques.

This case study in the Rheris watershed identified potential sites for future Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) desalination projects, High suitability areas encompass 280.45 km² (30.91 %), located west of Tinejdad, Khettarat Moulay Hachem, north of Goulmima, and south of Tinghir. Low suitability areas cover 63.75 km² (7.02 % of the study area), including regions south of Tadighoust and Tinejdad. Moderate suitability areas span 562.86 km² (62.05 %), involving central regions of Goulmima, Tadighoust, Tinejdad, and Tinghir. Based on the results of the study, the recommendations include focusing on areas identified as highly suitable for MCDI technology for sustainable agriculture, refining selection criteria based on local data, exploring brine management strategies, and adopting integrated water management approaches to ensure sustainable resource use.

摩洛哥的绿洲严重依赖山区的地表水，降雨量减少的威胁带来了巨大挑战，导致地表水供应量下降。本研究的重点是摩洛哥东南部的 Rheris 流域，在该地区，咸水淡化成为确保农业可持续供水的可行替代方案。在部署集成海水淡化装置的试点工厂之前，为光伏供电的 MCDI 海水淡化工厂选择最佳地点至关重要。这一选择基于一系列标准，包括地下水量、全球水平辐照、温度、蒸发、水盐度、水量、水井密度和坡度。对这些标准的评估结合使用了层次分析法（AHP）以及从遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术中获得的地理空间数据。这项在雷里斯流域进行的案例研究为未来的膜电容去离子（MCDI）海水淡化项目确定了潜在的地点，高适宜性区域包括 280.45 平方公里（30.91%），位于 Tinejdad 以西、Khettarat Moulay Hachem、Goulmima 以北和 Tinghir 以南。低适宜性区域面积为 63.75 平方公里（占研究区域的 7.02%），包括塔迪格乌斯特和蒂内贾达德以南地区。中度适宜区面积为 562.86 平方公里（62.05%），包括中部的古利马、塔迪格乌斯特、蒂内杰达德和廷希尔地区。根据研究结果提出的建议包括：将重点放在已确定为非常适合采用可持续农业的水合作与可持续发展技术的地区，根据当地数据完善选择标准，探索盐水管理战略，以及采用综合水管理方法确保资源的可持续利用。

{"title":"GIS-based multi-criteria approach for ranking suitable areas for the implementation of PV-Powered MCDI desalination plants in the Rheris Watershed, Southeast Morocco","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Morocco's oases, which rely heavily on surface water from mountain sources, the threat of decreasing rainfall presents a significant challenge, leading to a decline in surface water availability. This study focuses on the Rheris Watershed in Southeast Morocco, where brackish water desalination emerges as a viable alternative to ensure sustainable water supply for agriculture. Prior to the deployment of a pilot plant integrating a desalination unit, selecting an optimal site for PV-powered MCDI desalination plants was critical. This selection was based on a range of criteria, including Groundwater Quantity, Global Horizontal Irradiation, Temperature, Evaporation, Water Salinity, Water Quantity, Well Density and Slope. These criteria were evaluated using a combination of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and geospatial data obtained from Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques.</p><p>This case study in the Rheris watershed identified potential sites for future Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) desalination projects, High suitability areas encompass 280.45 km² (30.91 %), located west of Tinejdad, Khettarat Moulay Hachem, north of Goulmima, and south of Tinghir. Low suitability areas cover 63.75 km² (7.02 % of the study area), including regions south of Tadighoust and Tinejdad. Moderate suitability areas span 562.86 km² (62.05 %), involving central regions of Goulmima, Tadighoust, Tinejdad, and Tinghir. Based on the results of the study, the recommendations include focusing on areas identified as highly suitable for MCDI technology for sustainable agriculture, refining selection criteria based on local data, exploring brine management strategies, and adopting integrated water management approaches to ensure sustainable resource use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227624003387/pdfft?md5=a04f793d009e3fb60fea42ea89a5a38d&pid=1-s2.0-S2468227624003387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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