Scientific African最新文献_第7页

Targeting detoxification pathways: Larvicidal and GST-Inhibitory potentials of essential oils in Culex pipiens 靶向解毒途径：淡库蚊精油的杀幼虫和gst抑制电位

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03154

Ashwaq M. Al-Nazawi , Mohamed A.M. Shahat , Ahmed H. Abdelwahab , Hatoon A. Niyazi , Hanouf A. Niyazi , Ahmed S. Hashem

The mosquito Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is the principal and most widespread vector of the West Nile virus worldwide. Conventional mosquito control heavily relies on synthetic insecticides, which, despite their effectiveness, contribute to resistance development and pose risks to ecosystems. Resistance is frequently associated with target-site mutations and enhanced detoxification mediated by enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Essential oils (EOs) from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) represent promising eco-friendly alternatives for mosquito management. This study investigated their larvicidal potential with particular emphasis on GST inhibition in C. pipiens. Molecular docking revealed that limonene, a major EO constituent, exhibited the strongest binding affinity to GST (ΔG = –6.3 ± 0.2 kcal/mol), surpassing the standard inhibitor diethyl maleate. Biochemical assays confirmed significant GST inhibition, while ADMET predictions indicated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for limonene alongside certain toxicity alerts. These results suggest that EO-derived compounds act through a dual mechanism—direct larvicidal toxicity and disruption of detoxification pathways. Beyond laboratory efficacy, the findings underscore the potential ecological advantages of EOs, including their rapid environmental degradation and reduced risk of bioaccumulation, though further validation under field conditions and non-target safety assessments remains essential. Collectively, this integrative study highlights the potential of clove, marjoram, and cinnamon EOs as sustainable, safer alternatives to synthetic larvicides in mosquito control programs.

库蚊（双翅目：库蚊科）是西尼罗病毒在世界范围内传播最广的主要媒介。传统的蚊虫控制严重依赖合成杀虫剂，这些杀虫剂尽管有效，但却助长了抗药性的发展，并对生态系统构成威胁。耐药性通常与靶位点突变和由谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GSTs）等酶介导的解毒增强有关。丁香（Syzygium aromaticum L.）、马郁兰（Origanum majorana L.）和肉桂（Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.）的精油（EOs）是有前途的环保蚊子管理替代品。本研究主要考察了GST对库蚊的抑制作用。分子对接发现，柠檬烯对GST的结合亲和力最强（ΔG = -6.3±0.2 kcal/mol），超过了标准抑制剂马来酸二乙酯。生化分析证实了显著的GST抑制作用，而ADMET预测显示柠檬烯有利的药代动力学特征以及某些毒性警报。这些结果表明，eo衍生的化合物通过双重机制起作用-直接杀幼虫毒性和破坏解毒途径。除了实验室功效，研究结果强调了EOs潜在的生态优势，包括其快速的环境降解和降低生物积累风险，尽管在现场条件和非靶标安全性评估下的进一步验证仍然是必要的。总的来说，这项综合研究强调了丁香、马万兰和肉桂精油作为可持续的、更安全的杀虫剂在蚊虫控制项目中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Phytochemical characterization and nephroprotective potential of Euphorbia echinus: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in acute kidney injury 大麻黄的植物化学特性和肾保护潜力：抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡在急性肾损伤中的作用

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03166

Nihad Sahri , Noura A Hassan , Nadia Hassan , Mona F Mahmoud , Ahmet Buğra Ortaakarsu , Abdellah Ezzanad , Asmae Alaoui , Elhassania Elherradi , Mansour Sobeh

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, and current treatment options remain limited. Herine, phytochemical characterization, computational analyses, and the nephroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia echinus aerial parts were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. The phytochemical components were identified employing LC-MS/MS, and their antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, while in vivo nephroprotection was evaluated using the glycerol-induced AKI model. Rats were given 200 or 400 mg/kg of the extract, and kidney function was assessed based on serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinary albumin, urinary creatinine, and the albumin/creatinine ratio. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (GSH, catalase), inflammation (IL-1β), and apoptosis (Bcl-2) were also quantified. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and deep learning-based affinity prediction (Boltz-2) were used to determine the interactions of the identified phytoconstituents with caspase-1. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 76 phytocomponents, predominantly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and daphnane-type diterpenoids. The extract demonstrated marked antioxidant capacity, as indicated by a DPPH IC₅₀ of 17.15 μg/mL, and its administration significantly restored renal function while attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production, and apoptotic signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent computational analyses revealed resiniferatoxin and eupatorin as strong and stable caspase-1 binders. The findings of this study demonstrate the relevance of E. echinus phytoconstituents as promising candidates for AKI management and encourage plant-derived therapies against inflammasome-associated pathways.

急性肾损伤（AKI）是一个与高发病率和死亡率相关的主要临床问题，目前的治疗选择仍然有限。研究了大戟地部水提物的植物化学特征、计算分析和肾保护作用，并探讨了其潜在机制。采用LC-MS/MS鉴定植物化学成分，采用DPPH自由基清除法评估其抗氧化能力，采用甘油诱导的AKI模型评估其体内肾保护作用。给大鼠200或400 mg/kg提取物，根据血清肌酐、血尿素氮、尿白蛋白、尿肌酐和白蛋白/肌酐比值评估肾功能。氧化应激（GSH，过氧化氢酶），炎症（IL-1β）和凋亡（Bcl-2）的生物标志物也被量化。利用分子对接、分子动力学模拟和基于深度学习的亲和预测（Boltz-2）来确定鉴定的植物成分与caspase-1的相互作用。LC-MS/MS分析鉴定出76种植物成分，主要为黄酮类化合物、酚酸类化合物和水仙烷型二萜。其DPPH IC50值为17.15 μg/mL，显示出明显的抗氧化能力，并呈剂量依赖性地恢复肾功能，减轻氧化应激、炎症细胞因子的产生和凋亡信号。一致的计算分析显示，树脂干扰素和eupatorin是强而稳定的caspase-1结合物。本研究的发现证明了棘棘植物成分作为AKI治疗的有希望的候选物的相关性，并鼓励植物源性疗法对抗炎症小体相关途径。

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引用次数: 0

Novel high-precision explicit equations for pipe diameter in turbulent flow via modified rough model method (MRMM) 基于改进粗糙模型法（MRMM）的高精度湍流管径显式方程

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03107

Imene Foual , Lotfi Zeghadnia , Giuseppe Oliveto , Fares Laouacheria , Kaan Yetilmezsoy

This study addresses key hydraulic engineering challenges in turbulent pipe flow - computing flow rate (Q), hydraulic energy slope

S_{f}

, and pipe diameter (D) - by introducing the Modified Rough Model Method (MRMM). We propose novel, high-precision explicit equations for D (Eqs. 56 and 60). These achieve maximum relative errors of 0.017 % and 0.0086 %, respectively. We also introduce an innovative friction factor equation (54) with 0.086 % error. Validated across the entire Moody diagram (

ε / D = 0 to 0.05

, and

2300 \leq R \leq 10^{8}

) using a brute-force approach with over 7 million data points, these non-iterative solutions outperform existing models. A comprehensive set of statistical metrics including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), correlation coefficients (R² and Pearson's R), Bias, Mean Relative Error (MRE), Standard Deviation (SD), Coefficient of Variation (CV), and maximum relative error were employed to assess the accuracy and reliability of the proposed and existing formulas; the results of the Statistical metrics confirm their robustness, establishing a new benchmark for accuracy in pipeline design. This advancement enhances efficiency and reliability in water, oil, and gas transport systems.

本研究通过引入修正粗糙模型法（MRMM）来解决湍流管道流动中的关键水利工程挑战-计算流速(Q)，水力能斜率Sf和管径(D)。我们提出了新的高精度的D显式方程（方程56和60）。最大相对误差分别为0.017%和0.0086%。我们还引入了一个创新的摩擦系数方程（54），误差为0.086%。在整个穆迪图（ε/D=0到0.05,2300≤R≤108）中使用超过700万个数据点的蛮力方法进行验证，这些非迭代解决方案优于现有模型。采用平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）、相关系数（R²和Pearson’s R）、偏倚、平均相对误差（MRE）、标准差（SD）、变异系数（CV）和最大相对误差等综合统计指标评估所提出和现有公式的准确性和可靠性；统计指标的结果证实了它们的鲁棒性，为管道设计的准确性建立了新的基准。这一进步提高了水、石油和天然气运输系统的效率和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the cardiovascular mechanisms of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter: from folk remedies to experimental evidence 粘胶毛滴虫（ditrichia viscosa， L.）心血管机制的揭示格鲁特：从民间偏方到实验证据

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03243

Mourad Akdad , Ridwane Ghanimi , Walid El mjiyad , Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui , Toufik Bouddine , Mohamed Ajebli , Ismail Bouadid , Mohammed Al-zharani , Fahd A. Nasr , Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam , Mohamed bouhrim , Mohamed Eddouks

The objective of this research was to evaluate the possible blood pressure-lowering activity of the aqueous extract from the aerial parts of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) (AEDV) in rats with induced hypertension. This research investigated the short- and long-term effects of AEDV administration on hemodynamic parameters, including systolic (SBP), mean (MBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as well as heart rate (HR), in both normotensive and l-NAME–induced hypertensive rats. Moreover, the vasodilatory activity of AEDV was examined in isolated rat aortic rings with an intact endothelium, which had been preconstricted with epinephrine (EP). To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying this vascular relaxation, five specific pharmacological antagonists and inhibitors were employed. The findings revealed that daily oral administration of AEDV at doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg produced a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive rats, without inducing any notable alteration in HR. In addition, AEDV at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 mg/mL exhibited a dose-dependent vasodilatory response in thoracic aortic rings precontracted with EP (10 µM). This relaxant effect was attenuated in the presence of indomethacin, suggesting that prostacyclin-dependent mechanisms may be involved in mediating the vascular relaxation induced by AEDV. Overall, these findings suggest that D. viscosa has potential as a natural antihypertensive agent, and further research may be warranted to explore its therapeutic potential.

本研究的目的是评价粘毛滴虫（ditrichia viscosa， L.）地上部分水提物可能的降血压活性。（AEDV）对高血压大鼠的影响。本研究探讨了AEDV给药对正常血压和l- name诱导的高血压大鼠血液动力学参数的短期和长期影响，包括收缩压（SBP）、平均压（MBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）。此外，在肾上腺素（EP）预缩的内皮完整的离体大鼠主动脉环中检测了AEDV的血管扩张活性。为了进一步阐明这种血管松弛的机制，研究人员使用了五种特定的药物拮抗剂和抑制剂。结果显示，每日口服100或200 mg/kg剂量的AEDV可显著降低高血压大鼠的收缩压（SBP），而不引起HR的显著改变。此外，浓度在0.05 ~ 0.25 mg/mL之间的AEDV在EP（10µM）预收缩的胸主动脉环中表现出剂量依赖性的血管扩张反应。这种舒张作用在吲哚美辛的作用下减弱，提示前列环素依赖性机制可能参与介导AEDV诱导的血管舒张。综上所述，这些发现表明粘胶菊具有作为天然降压药的潜力，值得进一步研究以探索其治疗潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The unintended consequence of COVID-19 containment measures in Africa: A double machine learning perspective 非洲COVID-19防控措施的意外后果：双重机器学习视角

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03273

Christian S. Otchia

This paper examines how COVID-19 containment measures affected multidimensional welfare across seven sub-Saharan African countries. We collected novel survey data from 840 respondents and applied Double Machine Learning (DML) with dual treatments to identify causal effects while addressing confounding and selection bias. Stay-home orders reduced quality of life by 0.184 to 0.489 standard deviations. These effects operated through increased financial difficulties (0.074 SD) and social disruption (0.095 SD). Curfews generated smaller effects, primarily affecting mental health (0.066 SD). Tanzania experienced improved quality of life (0.374 SD) under limited restrictions, while Zimbabwe faced severe negative impacts (-0.489 SD). These contrasts reveal that institutional capacity critically moderates policy effects. Neither intervention significantly affected insecurity or violence. Our findings demonstrate that containment measures impose substantial, persistent welfare costs 24–30 months post-implementation, with effects varying dramatically by policy design and institutional context. Our results advance pandemic policy evaluation by providing the first rigorous causal evidence across multiple African countries using machine learning methods. They reveal that optimal policy design requires context-specific approaches rather than uniform strategies. These insights inform pandemic preparedness and social protection design in developing economies.

本文研究了COVID-19遏制措施如何影响撒哈拉以南非洲七个国家的多维福利。我们从840名受访者中收集了新的调查数据，并应用双重处理的双机器学习（DML）来识别因果关系，同时解决混淆和选择偏差。居家令使生活质量降低了0.184到0.489个标准差。这些影响通过增加财政困难（0.074标准差）和社会混乱（0.095标准差）来发挥作用。宵禁产生的影响较小，主要影响心理健康（0.066标准差）。坦桑尼亚在有限的限制下改善了生活质量（0.374 SD），而津巴布韦面临严重的负面影响（-0.489 SD）。这些对比表明，制度能力对政策效果起到关键调节作用。这两项干预措施都没有显著影响不安全和暴力。我们的研究结果表明，遏制措施在实施后24-30个月造成了巨大的、持续的福利成本，其影响因政策设计和制度背景而异。我们的研究结果通过使用机器学习方法在多个非洲国家提供首个严格的因果证据，推进了流行病政策评估。他们表明，最优政策设计需要针对具体情况的方法，而不是统一的策略。这些见解为发展中经济体的流行病防范和社会保护设计提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing Security Requirements Engineering for IoT Smart Homes: A BERT-based Approach to Automate completeness checking 增强物联网智能家居的安全需求工程：基于bert的自动化完整性检查方法

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03275

Aftab Alam Janisar , Ayman Meidan , Khairul Shafee bin Kalid , Aliza Sarlan , Abdul Rehman Gilal , Umar Danjuma Maiwada , Zaid Bin Faheem

Ensuring the completeness of natural-language security requirements is critical to maintaining the security and reliability of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, especially in high-risk domains. However, existing Security Requirements Engineering (SRE) approaches lack automated mechanisms to assess completeness against recognized standards, relying heavily on manual processes that are often inefficient and error-prone. This study aims to automate the completeness assessment of IoT security requirements, ensuring alignment with the Common Criteria (CC) standard and reducing dependency on manual evaluation. The proposed methodology compares a fine-tuned BERT model assessment with the existing traditional deep learning models to assess completeness of security requirements. The fine-tuned BERT model is applied to both expert-validated datasets and auto-extracted requirements from IoT smart homes Software Requirement Specification (SRS) documents. The fine-tuned BERT model achieved 78 % accuracy on expert-validated data and 97 % on IoT SRS-extracted data, outperforming traditional deep learning models such as CNN, GRU, LSTM, and RNN. These results highlight the superior capability of transformer-based models in understanding and assessing the completeness of security requirements. This research introduces a scalable, standards-aligned; by automating completeness assessment, it enhances accuracy, efficiency, and security assurance in IoT environments.

确保自然语言安全需求的完整性对于维护物联网（IoT）系统的安全性和可靠性至关重要，特别是在高风险领域。然而，现有的安全需求工程（SRE）方法缺乏根据公认标准评估完整性的自动化机制，严重依赖于通常效率低下且容易出错的手动过程。本研究旨在自动化物联网安全需求的完整性评估，确保与通用标准（CC）标准保持一致，并减少对人工评估的依赖。提出的方法将微调的BERT模型评估与现有的传统深度学习模型进行比较，以评估安全需求的完整性。经过微调的BERT模型应用于专家验证的数据集和物联网智能家居软件需求规范（SRS）文档中自动提取的需求。经过微调的BERT模型在专家验证的数据上达到78%的准确率，在物联网srs提取的数据上达到97%的准确率，优于传统的深度学习模型，如CNN、GRU、LSTM和RNN。这些结果突出了基于变压器的模型在理解和评估安全需求的完整性方面的优越能力。这项研究引入了一种可扩展的、与标准一致的；通过自动化完整性评估，它提高了物联网环境中的准确性、效率和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid control approach of PV-Fed two-leg three-phase active power filter with harmonic compensation and reactive power injection 带谐波补偿和无功注入的PV-Fed三相有源滤波器混合控制方法

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03278

Zineb Hekss , Abdelmajid Abouloifa , Salwa Echalih , Mohammed Al-Numay , Abdelali El Aroudi , Elhadi Baghaz

Power converter controllers are conventionally based on linearized averaged models, which have significant errors in capturing the large signal behavior of the system when there are wide changes in the input voltage, load, and reference voltages as happens in photovoltaic systems. The present paper proposes a hybrid approach for controlling a three-phase two-leg grid connected PV-fed reduced switch shunt active power filter. The control goal encompasses three aspects: (i) it is aimed to control the PV voltage so that to extract the maximum power available in the PV source regardless the weather conditions; (ii) the system should mitigate undesired harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads and (iii) if desired the system must be able to inject additional reactive power into the grid in order to avoid a possible deterioration in grid stability, voltage drop and additional losses. The addressed control problem entails many complexities such as: the high dimension and strong nonlinearity of the system; The output voltage regulation should achieve a good precision in the case of a varying voltage reference at steady state and transient regime. To deal with the previous objectives, a cascaded two-loop controller is designed. The inner loop is formulated using a hybrid automaton approach to guarantee both harmonic compensation and reactive power injection. Meanwhile, the outer loop predominantly employs a proportional-integral regulator to ensure regulation of the PV voltage. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/SimPowerSystems environment are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in achieving the control objectives.

功率转换器控制器通常基于线性化平均模型，当光伏系统中输入电压、负载和参考电压发生较大变化时，这种模型在捕获系统的大信号行为方面存在显着误差。本文提出了一种混合控制方法，用于三相两支路并网的减小开关并联有源电力滤波器。控制目标包括三个方面：(i)旨在控制光伏电压，以便在不考虑天气条件的情况下提取光伏电源中可用的最大功率；（ii）系统应减轻非线性负载产生的不希望的谐波电流；（iii）如果需要，系统必须能够向电网注入额外的无功功率，以避免电网稳定性的可能恶化、电压下降和额外的损失。所解决的控制问题涉及许多复杂性，如：系统的高维和强非线性；在稳态和瞬态电压变化的情况下，输出电压调节应达到良好的精度。为了实现上述目标，设计了级联双环控制器。内回路采用混合自动机方法，以保证谐波补偿和无功功率注入。同时，外环主要采用比例积分调节器来保证PV电压的调节。在MATLAB/SimPowerSystems环境下的仿真结果证明了该方法在实现控制目标方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the mechanism of anti-diabetic action of sunflower seeds through modulation of MMP1 and PPARA in HepG2 cells 揭示葵花籽通过调节HepG2细胞MMP1和PPARA抗糖尿病作用的机制

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03162

Athika Rampadarath , Terisha Ghazi , Anil A. Chuturgoon , Saheed Sabiu

Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) seed is an oilseed crop with documented anti-diabetic potential. This study employed in vitro (cell line model) to validate the anti-diabetic action of sunflower seed cultivars on the modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway, focusing on the hub genes matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), obtained from our previous network pharmacology study. Cytotoxicity assessment of the six cultivars investigated revealed the optimal concentrations of 100 μg/mL for AGSUN 5108 CLP and AGSUN 5270, 75 μg/mL for AGSUN 5103 CLP and AGSUN 5101 CLP, and 50 and 25 μg/mL for AGSUN 5206 CLP and AGSUN 8251, respectively. Glucose consumption was reduced in AGSUN 5103 CLP, AGSUN 8251, and AGSUN 5101 CLP treated cells compared to metformin (14.85 mmol/L) and untreated insulin-resistant HepG2 cells (17.00 mmol/L). Additionally, these cultivars upregulated the expression of MMP1 and PPARA, with AGSUN 5101 CLP exhibiting the higher expression level, showing the fold increases in MMP1 (1.88) and PPARA (4.59) expression, relative to metformin (MMP1= 8.25; PPARA = 12.38) and insulin (MMP1= 3.71; PPARA = 10.37). These findings highlight the potential of sunflower seeds, particularly cultivar AGSUN 5101 CLP, as natural therapeutic agents for diabetes through PPAR signalling pathway. Through MMP1 and PPARA modulation within PPAR pathway, the seeds may stimulate glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid oxidation, which may aid in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications. However, further pre-clinical, translational, and clinical studies are required to substantiate these findings.

向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）种子是一种具有抗糖尿病潜力的油料作物。本研究采用体外（细胞系模型）验证葵花籽品种对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）信号通路的调节作用，重点研究了我们前期网络药理学研究中获得的枢纽基因基质金属蛋白酶1 （MMP1）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α (PPARA)。结果表明，AGSUN 5108 CLP和AGSUN 5270的最佳浓度为100 μg/mL， AGSUN 5103 CLP和AGSUN 5101 CLP的最佳浓度为75 μg/mL， AGSUN 5206 CLP和AGSUN 8251的最佳浓度为50和25 μg/mL。与二甲双胍（14.85 mmol/L）和未处理的胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞（17.00 mmol/L）相比，AGSUN 5103 CLP、AGSUN 8251和AGSUN 5101 CLP处理细胞的葡萄糖消耗减少。此外，这些品种上调了MMP1和PPARA的表达，其中AGSUN 5101 CLP表达水平较高，MMP1（1.88）和PPARA（4.59）的表达量比二甲双胍（MMP1= 8.25, PPARA = 12.38）和胰岛素（MMP1= 3.71, PPARA = 10.37）增加了两倍。这些发现强调了葵花籽，特别是品种AGSUN 5101 CLP，通过PPAR信号通路作为糖尿病的天然治疗剂的潜力。通过PPAR通路中的MMP1和PPARA调节，种子可能刺激葡萄糖摄取、胰岛素敏感性和脂肪酸氧化，这可能有助于降低2型糖尿病（T2DM）及其相关并发症的风险。然而，需要进一步的临床前、转化和临床研究来证实这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Al-Mg-MoS2 reinforced hybrid metal matrix: Bio-machinability characteristics Al-Mg-MoS2增强杂化金属基体：生物可加工性特性

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03131

Narmada Ch , Rajesh S , T. Ramesh , Jeyaprakash K , Belete Sirahbizu

This study examines the biomachinability of Al–Mg–MoS₂ hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) produced using powder metallurgy (PM) in detail. This study is to utilize a specialized microbe, Thiobacillus Novellus, to machine Al-Mg-MoS₂. For biomachining, the required number of samples is prepared through a PM process with different composite formulations, including Al (90 %), Mg (5–7 %), and MoS₂ (3–5 %). To perform biomachining studies, the following bioprocess parameters are considered (shaking speed, pH, and temperature). The experimental design utilized an orthogonal array. The findings indicated that shaking speed, pH, and temperature had a significant impact on microbial machining efficiency. Sample 3 (Al–Mg–MoS₂: 90–5–5) demonstrated a balanced performance in terms of achieving better Surface Roughness (Ra) and Specific Materail Removal Rate (SMRR) compared to Samples 1 and 2. The MOGWO and Fuzzy MOGWO methods were utilized to prioritize the optimal process parameters. The approach determined the optimal parameters of 80 rpm, pH 2.5, and 35 °C, utilizing Sample 3 (Al–Mg–MoS₂: 90–5–5), which yielded a predicted Ra of 1.5708 µm and SMRR of 1.2795 mg/hr·cm², with an error margin of <1.5 %. This study is the first of its kind to use a fuzzy multi-objective Grey Wolf Optimization framework to optimize Ra and SMRR simultaneously, and it is also the first to apply biomachining to Al-Mg-MoS₂ hybrid metal matrix composites using Thiobacillus novellus. Research in biomachining has come a long way with this integrated microstructure-biological-optimization method.

本研究详细考察了粉末冶金制备的Al-Mg-MoS 2杂化金属基复合材料（MMCs）的生物可塑性。这项研究是利用一种特殊的微生物，新硫杆菌，来加工Al-Mg-MoS 2。对于生物机械加工，通过PM工艺制备所需数量的样品，使用不同的复合配方，包括Al (90%), Mg（5 - 7%）和MoS 2（3 - 5%）。为了进行生物机械加工研究，考虑了以下生物工艺参数（震动速度，pH值和温度）。实验设计采用正交阵列。结果表明，振动速度、pH和温度对微生物加工效率有显著影响。与样品1和2相比，样品3 （Al-Mg-MoS 2: 90-5-5）在获得更好的表面粗糙度（Ra）和特定材料去除率（SMRR）方面表现出平衡的性能。采用MOGWO和模糊MOGWO方法对最优工艺参数进行排序。该方法确定了样品3 （Al-Mg-MoS 2: 90-5-5）的最佳参数为80 rpm、pH 2.5和35°C，预测Ra为1.5708µm， SMRR为1.2795 mg/hr·cm²，误差范围为1.5%。本研究首次采用模糊多目标灰狼优化框架同时优化Ra和SMRR，也是首次将生物机械加工应用于Al-Mg-MoS 2杂化金属基复合材料。这种微结构-生物优化的集成方法使生物机械加工的研究取得了长足的进展。

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引用次数: 0

Risk Assessment of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invasion of Morocco 夜蛾科（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）入侵摩洛哥的风险评估

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03158

Khalid Khfif , Awa Ndiyae , Kofi Frimpong-Anin , Assienin Hauverset N'guessan , Timothy Oluwafemi Ajiboye , Akira Otuka

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest, causing serious economic damage to plant production and consequent social implications in Africa. As FAW is a migratory moth that was first confirmed in western African countries in early 2016, it quickly spread to most African continent. However, no FAW has been found in Morocco so far. In this study, we assessed the migration risk of the FAW to Morocco by applying a trajectory modeling approach to simulate potential flight paths from several locations where the pest is currently established. Our findings indicated that the majority of simulated terminal points originating from the Mauritanian trap site near the Moroccan border were concentrated over the Atlantic Ocean, southern Mauritania, and northern Senegal, with only a few reaching Moroccan territory. The risk of FAW invasion from the south appears low, as the arid desert regions of southern Morocco lack suitable host plants, and the combination of high temperatures and drought stress likely limits the pest’s survival and movement. Therefore, FAW monitoring efforts should be prioritized in areas facing the Canary Islands, where both host plants and favorable climatic conditions exist. Although the primary focus of this study was to assess FAW invasion risk to Morocco, broader wind dynamics across Africa were briefly considered to provide regional context.

秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）是一种多食性害虫，对非洲的植物生产造成严重的经济损失和随之而来的社会影响。由于FAW是一种迁徙性飞蛾，于2016年初首次在西非国家被确认，因此它迅速蔓延到非洲大陆的大部分地区。然而，到目前为止，在摩洛哥还没有发现一汽。在这项研究中，我们通过应用轨迹建模方法来模拟目前存在害虫的几个地点的潜在飞行路径，评估了FAW向摩洛哥的迁移风险。我们的研究结果表明，大多数模拟终点源自摩洛哥边境附近的毛里塔尼亚陷阱地点，集中在大西洋，毛里塔尼亚南部和塞内加尔北部，只有少数到达摩洛哥领土。FAW从南方入侵的风险似乎很低，因为摩洛哥南部干旱的沙漠地区缺乏合适的寄主植物，高温和干旱压力的结合可能限制了这种害虫的生存和移动。因此，FAW的监测工作应优先考虑面对加那利群岛的地区，那里既有寄主植物，也有有利的气候条件。虽然本研究的主要重点是评估一汽入侵摩洛哥的风险，但也简要考虑了整个非洲更广泛的风力动力学，以提供区域背景。

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引用次数: 0