Scientific African最新文献

{"title":"Expansion of Phragmites australis in response to climate change and human activities in wetland ecosystems, Ismailia, Egypt","authors":"Ahmed Mohamed M. Fouad ,&nbsp;Mohamed O. Arnous ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Zaghloul ,&nbsp;Abdelraouf A. Moustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change poses a global threat, affecting ecosystems and species across the world. As a dominant species in wetland habitats, <em>Phragmites australis</em> demonstrates significant adaptive capabilities, particularly in response to changes in temperature and salinity, which can influence germination rates and distribution patterns. This study investigates the spatial expansion of <em>P. australis</em> populations within the wetlands of the study area, examining how climate change has influenced their distribution. Using remote sensing (RS) and GIS tools, the study mapped and monitored changes in land use/land cover and the geospatial distribution of <em>P. australis</em> over a 34-year period (1984–2018) through multi-temporal satellite data processing. In addition, field samples of common reed were collected from 150 squares, along with 36 water and soil samples for analysis in December 2020 and January 2021. The results revealed notable changes: areas of salt crust, urbanization, and water bodies increased at rates of +0.0013 km²/year, +1.26 km²/year, and +0.21 km²/year, respectively, while waterlogged and barren areas decreased by −0.73 km²/year and −4.25 km²/year. Significant evidence of the plant's expansion was found, particularly at sites with increasing salinity. For instance, at the Abu Khalifa site (AKh-C), salinity reached 28.4 g L⁻¹, and at Ein Ghosien (EGh-A), salinity was 27.4 g L⁻¹, creating favorable conditions for reed proliferation. Locations like Abu Atwa and Kilo 2 also showed increased reed coverage, likely due to changes in local water management practices and increased salinity. The increase in these areas' salinity, resulting from altered hydrology driven by climate change and anthropogenic influences like the construction of the Suez Canal, has facilitated the expansion of <em>P. australis</em>. In contrast, areas impacted by urbanization and human disturbance, such as Temsah Lake Extension, displayed slower reed growth due to mechanical removal and habitat degradation. These findings underscore the plant's high adaptability to changing environmental conditions and highlight the urgent need for mitigation strategies to address the implications of <em>P. australis</em> expansion and conserve the biodiversity of the Ismailia region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors, bacterial profiles, and antibiotic susceptibility of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Uganda","authors":"Reagan Muhwezi,&nbsp;Eilu Emmanuel,&nbsp;Vidya Sankarapandian,&nbsp;Rajendra Goud Neel,&nbsp;Ambrose Shabohurira,&nbsp;Danladi Makeri","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Subclinical mastitis (SCM) poses significant challenges in dairy farming due to its asymptomatic nature, leading to economic losses and food insecurity. However, the burden of SCM in Uganda remains under-researched, especially in terms of bacterial profiles and antibiotic susceptibility.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and factors associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Uganda. The study also sought to identify the bacterial species responsible and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search of Ugandan studies on dairy subclinical mastitis was conducted across PubMed and Google Scholar. Eligibility was assessed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using the R package to calculate pooled prevalence estimates and heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1,073 studies were retrieved, of which five eligible studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Ugandan dairy cattle was 75.71 % (95 % [55.10 - 88.78] with significant heterogeneity (I² = 94.7 %). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterial pathogen, accounting for 24 % of all isolates. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics, such as penicillin and tetracycline, was observed in over 50 % of isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SCM is prevalent in Uganda, with a dominant bacterial profile showing considerable antibiotic resistance. These findings underscore the need for improved veterinary practices, antibiotic stewardship, and enhanced surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro cytotoxicity and secondary metabolites of Talaromyces wortmannii isolated from Arundo donax L.: Identification of a new phytoceramide","authors":"Fatma M. Abdel Bar ,&nbsp;Amal A. Galala ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. El-Sokkary ,&nbsp;Ashraf T. Khalil ,&nbsp;Amal Sallam","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a major global health threat, with breast, liver, and lung cancers showing particularly high incidence and mortality rates. Plant endophytes offer a unique resource for drug discovery. They produce bioactive compounds that may even surpass those of their host plants, providing a sustainable resource for new drugs. Herein, the <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity and secondary metabolites of the extract of white bean culture (EWBC) of the fungal endophyte, <em>Talaromyces wortmannii</em> isolated from <em>Arundo donax</em> L., a common reed grass were investigated. This led to the identification of a novel phytoceramide, namely talaroceramide (<strong>1</strong>), alongside other known structures, including stigmasterol (<strong>2</strong>), stigmasterol glucoside (<strong>5</strong>), thymine (<strong>3</strong>), and uracil (<strong>4</strong>). The EWBC extract exhibited cytotoxic effects on MCF7, HepG2, and A549 cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 54.57, 57.12, and 84.33 µg/mL, respectively. The EWBC extract demonstrated favorable selectivity indices ranging from 1.4 to 2.1 against the normal lung cell line (WI38), indicating selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells over normal cells. The cytotoxicity observed, combined with the acceptable selectivity indices suggested the endophyte, <em>T. wortmannii</em> as a potential source for cytotoxic compounds. A docking study against Bcl-2 as a potential target for the discovery of anticancer drugs revealed that the new ceramide (<strong>1</strong>) showed the greatest binding affinity (-8.7894 kcal.mol^-1) and the best binding interactions amongst the identified compounds. Further research is suggested to validate the anticancer activity of the identified compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing photovoltaic power: An enhanced Grey Wolf Optimizer for ultra-efficient MPPT under partial shading conditions","authors":"Hajar Ahessab,&nbsp;Ahmed Gaga,&nbsp;Benachir EL Hadadi","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimizer (E-GWO) algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading conditions. The proposed E-GWO introduces a novel parameter minimization strategy for the convergence factor <span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>, enabling rapid and precise tracking of the global maximum power point (GMPP) without overshoot. Key improvements to the standard GWO framework enhance tracking accuracy, stability, and overall system performance.</div><div>The proposed MPPT approach is validated through extensive simulations and real-world experiments implemented on a dual-core DSP LAUNCHXL-F28379D using MATLAB/Simulink. Experimental results demonstrate that E-GWO reduces tracking time by up to 99.90% compared to traditional GWO methods while increasing dynamic tracking efficiency by over 9%. Furthermore, the E-GWO consistently outperforms conventional GWO variants and other swarm-based algorithms, ensuring superior power output in diverse shading scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride induced corrosion behaviour of mild steel rebars: A case study of calcined Clay Pozzolan containing concrete","authors":"Lucas Nana Wiredu Damoah ,&nbsp;Richard Nii Ayitey Akoto ,&nbsp;Bernard Kwame Mussey ,&nbsp;Yaw Delali Bensah","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The partial replacement of 5 – 30 % by mass of ordinary Portland cement with clay pozzolana in concrete, gives impressive chemical characteristics to the resulting material. Corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in two types of concrete mixtures: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) containing concrete and 30 % clay pozzolana cement (PPC) containing concrete are studied. These concretes were exposed to 3 % and 5 % (w/v) solutions of NaCl as corrosion acceleration media. Electrochemical polarization measurements were performed for 3, 7, 15, and 23 days. The corrosion rate obtained from the polarization curves revealed that samples exposed to 5 %(w/v) NaCl had higher corrosion rates than those exposed to 3 %(w/v) NaCl. The addition of 30 % clay pozzolan as a partial replacement for OPC in concrete resulted in an average reduction in the corrosion rate of approximately 90 % in 3 %(w/v) NaCl and 74 % in 5 %(w/v) NaCl over 23 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing precision in evapotranspiration estimation: AI-powered downscaling of VIIRS LST","authors":"Najat Rafalia ,&nbsp;Idriss Moumen ,&nbsp;Youssef Chatoui ,&nbsp;Jaafar Abouchabaka","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land Surface Temperature (LST) serves as a keystone in environmental research, offering invaluable insights into the Earth's surface energy balance, climate monitoring, and ecosystem health. The significance of LST is further underscored by its pivotal role in estimating EvapoTranspiration (ET), a fundamental component of the Earth's hydrological cycle and agricultural systems. Accurate ET estimates are indispensable for effective water resource management, optimizing agricultural productivity, and maintaining ecosystem health. Recent leaps in remote sensing technology, coupled with the development of cutting-edge machine learning models, have paved new avenues for downscaling LST data to finer resolutions. These advancements empower researchers with access to LST data at unprecedented granularity, ultimately illuminating the intricate dynamics of Earth's surface temperature. In this context, our primary research objective is to procure high-resolution LST data to refine the precision of evapotranspiration estimation, particularly within the Al Gharb region of Morocco. Our approach involves downscaling Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) LST data using predictors derived from Landsat-8, facilitating a comparative analysis and detailed examination. This comparison serves as a stepping-stone, guiding our transition to Sentinel-2 data for further refinement. By harnessing the distinctive capabilities of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and machine learning algorithms. The fine-scale LST data acquired at a remarkable 10-meter resolution unlocks new possibilities for monitoring and managing evapotranspiration with unprecedented accuracy. Our research contributes significantly to the realms of sustainable agriculture, water resource management, and climate change adaptation, all tailored to the unique environmental conditions of the Al Gharb region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of treatment and co-treatment of different types of discharges on the improvement of receiving surface water quality","authors":"Abdelillah Bouriqi ,&nbsp;Naaila Ouazzani ,&nbsp;Jean-François Deliège","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protecting and maintaining aquatic environments while meeting strict regulations regarding pollutant discharge into surface waters presents a significant challenge for stakeholders. This paper assesses treatment and co-treatment scenarios for different types of discharges, including urban wastewater, slaughterhouse wastewater, landfill leachate and olive mill wastewater, aimed at improving the water quality of the ZAT River in Morocco. Through a combination of field measurements and mathematical simulations, different wastewater treatment scenarios were developed and evaluated using the PEGASE model. Results from the simulations indicate that treating each effluent individually failed to meet the required COD concentration limits for discharge (&lt;250 mgO₂/L) of the Moroccan standards. Furthermore, this approach fell to achieve the desired good water quality status with a COD concentration target below 35 mgO₂/L in the river water quality grid. Conversely, co-treatment involving a mixt of all effluents and 1.1 % (v/v) olive mill wastewater, successfully reached the COD concentration target in the ZAT River water column. In addition, co-treatment with a 0.5 % (v/v) olive mill wastewater met both standard COD concentrations in the outlet and complied with the COD concentration limit below 35 mgO₂/L in the receiving river regulations. The study shows that co-treatment is more effective than individual treatments. It also shows that maintaining discharge concentration limits in line with Moroccan standards enables the river to achieve good water quality status. This highlights the need for stricter regulations and better wastewater management to protect aquatic ecosystems. This suggests that co-treatment is a viable option in contexts where resources are limited. These results advance sustainable wastewater practices, particularly in arid regions. Promote the application of mathematical models such as PEGASE for compliance assessment and decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline characterisation of microplastics in surface water, sediment, and seafood from the Escravos Estuary, Nigeria","authors":"Amarachi P. Onyena ,&nbsp;Mary E. Tekeme ,&nbsp;Jessica C. Uwakwe ,&nbsp;Deborah Aderibigbe ,&nbsp;Kabari Sam","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive global contaminants with significant ecological and public health implications. This study establishes baseline data on MPs in water, sediment, fish, crab, and periwinkle from Okerenkoko and Kurutie along the Escravos Estuary in the Niger Delta. Samples were analyzed using microscopic observation and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. MPs ranged from 4.2 µm to 800 µm, with 134 particles identified: 50 particles/L in water and 29 particles/kg/dw in crabs. Fibres (40 particles) and fragments (35 particles) were predominant, with Okerenkoko contributing 74 particles and Kurutie 60 particles. Fibres and filaments were prevalent in both locations, while pellets were absent in Kurutie. Notably, blue was the dominant colour, with 60 % of filaments and 70 % of fibres in Okerenkoko, and 40 % of fibres and 36.36 % of filaments in Kurutie. Water samples showed an average of 0.33 ± 0.21 particles/L for films and 3.67 ± 0.49 particles/L for fibres. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in nurdles, pellets, fibres, and filaments across samples (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). Principal Component Analysis indicated industrial sources for certain MPs, while linear regression revealed a weak negative relationship between MPs concentrations in different matrices (adjusted R² = 0.053). FTIR analysis identified polystyrene in water, nylon in sediment and fish, PVC in Kurutie sediment, and PET in crabs, suggesting varied pollution sources. These findings highlight the urgent need for ongoing research, improved waste management, and heightened public awareness to mitigate MPs pollution and safeguard ecosystems and human health in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some integral curves according to quasi-frame in Euclidean 3-space","authors":"Ayman Elsharkawy ,&nbsp;Hasnaa Baizeed","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores integral curves associated with the quasi-frame in three-dimensional Euclidean space. We focus specifically on the quasi-normal and quasi-binormal vectors. We derive the Frenet apparatus for these integral curves based on the quasi-frame elements. Our analysis reveals significant relationships between the integral curves and the original curve’s Frenet frame. We present explicit expressions for the Frenet–Serret apparatus of both quasi-normal and quasi-binormal curves. Moreover, we identify conditions under which these integral curves qualify as general helices or Salkowski curves. The study examines geometric relationships, including involute-evolute pairs and Bertrand pairs. Additionally, we analyze conditions that prevent the formation of Mannheim curve pairs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational fluid dynamics assessment of natural ventilation in three types of large-scale broiler poultry houses in Botswana","authors":"Pius Emesu,&nbsp;Justin Hakgamalang Chepete,&nbsp;Ellen Letsogile Thipe","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of house design, orientation, and regional location on the natural ventilation of commercial, large-scale broiler poultry houses in the North-eastern and South-eastern farming regions of Botswana were assessed at full scale through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using the OpenFOAM CFD code. Local air change effectiveness (ACE), <em>ε_L</em> was computed in a 0.25 m high animal occupation zone inside gable-, hoop-, and seesaw-roofed houses selected from three different farms per region. Observed airflow patterns and <em>ε_L</em> values did not show regional dependence, whereas both were influenced by house orientation and, to a lesser extent, house design. Local ACE values obtained from the North-eastern farms ranged from 0.62 to 0.75, while in the South-eastern region values ranged from 0.56 to 0.90, with hoop- and gable -roofed structures yielding better <em>ε_L</em> values than the seesaw-roofed structures from both regions. Simulations of theoretical perpendicular wind incidence (WI) angles for houses oriented to 140 and 135° reduced their ACE values by 18.75 % and 0.53 %, respectively, indicating that their current orientation was optimal and allowing them to experience high WI. Houses oriented to 100° and 105° exhibited moderate improvements in <em>ε_L</em> values of 5.84 % and 6.4 %, respectively, while houses oriented to 95° and 90° showed the greatest improvement in <em>ε_L</em> values of 19.9 % and 37.52 %, respectively. Thus, site-specific orientation of poultry houses to 120°-150° would be recommended as it would allow for higher WI angles and better <em>ε_L</em> in both geographical farming zones in Botswana. Furthermore, it may be concluded that design proposals to improve natural ventilation based on the hoop- and gable-roofed structures – supported by CFD simulations with experimental validation – is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}