Scientific African最新文献_第3页

Assessing irrigation potential and its impact on crop productivity in the riparian zones of the Diamphwe River Basin, Malawi 评估马拉维Diamphwe河流域河岸地带的灌溉潜力及其对作物生产力的影响

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03125

Kenford Aeron Banda Luweya , Lameck Fiwa , Ke Zhang , Tadao Yamamoto , Sarvesh Maskey , Ayako Sekiyama , Hiromu Okazawa

Irrigation is vital for crop production, yet its potential is underutilised in many river basins. In Malawi, crop production is predominantly reliant on rainfall, making it vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. The study evaluates the contribution of available irrigation resources (area) to crop production (yield) and assesses the extent of underutilisation. To achieve this, the irrigation potential (area) was mapped using Sentinel-2 land use and land cover analysis within 2 km buffer zones along the Diamphwe River. Additionally, 15 soil samples were analysed for HC, and government statistical data on maize yield and area were used to determine productivity, distinguishing the performance of rainfed and irrigated farming. Findings indicate that irrigated maize consistently outperformed rainfed maize in productivity, suggesting that harnessing irrigation could serve as a suitable alternative to the unreliable rainfed production in the basin, particularly within the 100–1000 m buffer zones that have greater irrigation potential. Kabwazi Extension Planning Area (EPA) accounted for 29 % and 33 % of the basin’s irrigable land in 2017 and 2024, respectively, due to its strategic positioning within the basin. The riparian zone displays medium hydraulic conductivity (HC), indicating suitable soils (luvisol) for infiltration, pollutant removal, and groundwater recharge, which are essential for sustaining river flow. Despite increased productivity, the impact of irrigation on maize remains minimal due to low participation by large-scale farmers and insufficient extension services, as evidenced by the underutilisation of potentially irrigable land (162.5 km² in 2017 and 145.4 km² in 2024). The study underscores the necessity for targeted policy interventions to optimise irrigation and enhance agricultural productivity and water resource management.

灌溉对作物生产至关重要，但在许多河流流域，灌溉的潜力没有得到充分利用。在马拉维，农作物生产主要依赖于降雨，这使得它很容易受到气候变化和自然灾害的影响。该研究评估了可用灌溉资源（面积）对作物生产（产量）的贡献，并评估了利用不足的程度。为了实现这一目标，利用Sentinel-2土地利用和土地覆盖分析，在Diamphwe河沿岸2公里缓冲区内绘制了灌溉潜力（面积）图。此外，对15个土壤样本进行了HC分析，并使用政府关于玉米产量和面积的统计数据来确定生产力，区分雨养和灌溉农业的表现。研究结果表明，灌溉玉米在生产力方面一直优于旱作玉米，这表明利用灌溉可以作为流域不可靠的旱作生产的合适替代方案，特别是在100-1000米缓冲区内，灌溉潜力更大。由于其在流域内的战略位置，2017年和2024年，Kabwazi扩展规划区（EPA）分别占流域可灌溉土地的29%和33%。河岸带显示中等水力导电性（HC），表明适合渗透、去除污染物和补给地下水的土壤（luvisol），这对维持河流流动至关重要。尽管生产力有所提高，但由于大规模农民参与度低和推广服务不足，灌溉对玉米的影响仍然很小，潜在可灌溉土地的利用不足（2017年为162.5平方公里，2024年为145.4平方公里）就是证明。该研究强调了有针对性的政策干预的必要性，以优化灌溉和提高农业生产力和水资源管理。

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引用次数: 0

Determinants of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding campus sustainability: A field study at Cairo University 关于校园可持续性的知识、态度和实践的决定因素：开罗大学的一项实地研究

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03126

Mahmoud Hassan Said , Naglaa Mohamed Hamed , Doaa Haridy , Sherien Moustafa , Sultan Al-Ghtanyi , Diaa S. Metwally , Suzan Abdel-Rahman

Universities are increasingly seeking to transform into green institutions by implementing sustainability principles that promote environmental awareness. This study investigates the determinants of knowledge, attitudes, and practices to better understand the drivers of campus sustainability. A total of 829 faculty members and students from various faculties at Cairo University were interviewed between July 1 and August 31, 2024. The average age of participants was 29.57 years. Most participants were female, resided in urban areas, and studied in colleges of natural sciences. Regression analysis showed that age, rural residence, and academic background positively influenced campus sustainability knowledge. Faculty members reported higher knowledge levels than students, while students showed more positive attitudes, especially in their final academic years or postgraduate studies. Sustainable practices were more prevalent among males, students in practical colleges, and those majoring in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Arts. Findings also confirmed a strong relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Targeted interventions should focus on enhancing students' knowledge of sustainability, fostering positive attitudes among faculty members, and implementing gender-sensitive activities tailored to specific academic disciplines.

越来越多的大学通过实施可持续发展原则，提高环境意识，寻求转型为绿色机构。本研究调查了知识、态度和实践的决定因素，以更好地理解校园可持续发展的驱动因素。在2024年7月1日至8月31日期间，共采访了开罗大学各院系的829名教师和学生。参与者的平均年龄为29.57岁。大多数参与者是女性，居住在城市地区，在自然科学学院学习。回归分析显示，年龄、农村居住、学历对校园可持续发展知识有正向影响。教师的知识水平高于学生，而学生则表现出更积极的态度，尤其是在他们的最后学年或研究生学习中。可持续实践在男性、实用学院的学生以及人文、社会科学和艺术专业的学生中更为普遍。研究结果还证实了知识、态度和实践之间的密切关系。有针对性的干预措施应侧重于提高学生对可持续性的认识，培养教师的积极态度，并针对具体学科实施对性别问题敏感的活动。

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引用次数: 0

Incorporating meal absorption as a dynamic compartment: A novel extension of Bergman’s model for T1D optimal control 结合膳食吸收作为一个动态隔间：伯格曼模型的T1D最优控制的新扩展

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03201

Essamy Amina, Dehaj Imane, Ferjouchia Hanane, Rachik Mostafa

Managing Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) effectively requires precise modeling of glucose dynamics, especially the sharp postprandial spikes that contribute to long-term complications. Current models often treat meals as mere external disturbances, a simplification that limits both physiological accuracy and therapeutic potential. This study addresses that gap by introducing a novel four-compartment extension of Bergman’s minimal model, where meal absorption is represented as an internal dynamic state rather than an external input. The proposed framework captures the time-dependent release of glucose into the bloodstream following a meal. Mathematical analysis confirms the model’s consistency, establishing existence, uniqueness, boundedness, and positivity of solutions under biologically relevant parameters. Application of Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle yields an optimal insulin administration strategy explicitly linked to meal dynamics, producing a feedback control law that adjusts insulin delivery in response to real-time nutrient absorption. Numerical simulations confirm the approach’s effectiveness in dampening postprandial glucose excursions and improving overall glycemic stability. By integrating meal dynamics directly into the physiological model, this work provides a more realistic foundation for designing adaptive insulin therapies and supports the development of next-generation artificial pancreas systems.

有效管理1型糖尿病（T1D）需要精确的葡萄糖动力学模型，特别是导致长期并发症的餐后急剧峰值。目前的模型通常将饮食仅仅视为外部干扰，这种简化限制了生理准确性和治疗潜力。本研究通过引入Bergman最小模型的新颖四室扩展来解决这一差距，其中膳食吸收被表示为内部动态状态而不是外部输入。提出的框架捕获了饭后葡萄糖释放到血液中的时间依赖性。数学分析证实了模型的一致性，建立了生物相关参数下解的存在性、唯一性、有界性和正性。Pontryagin最大原理的应用产生了与膳食动态明确相关的最佳胰岛素给药策略，产生了根据实时营养吸收调整胰岛素递送的反馈控制律。数值模拟证实了该方法在抑制餐后葡萄糖漂移和改善整体血糖稳定性方面的有效性。通过将膳食动力学直接整合到生理模型中，这项工作为设计适应性胰岛素治疗提供了更现实的基础，并支持下一代人工胰腺系统的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) wood age on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal accumulation in smoked atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) 红树树龄对烟熏大西洋鲐鱼多环芳烃和重金属积累的影响

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03217

Kwadwo Boakye Boadu , Sylvia Bordoh , Michael Ayim , Caleb Arku , Ofori Attah Nkansah , Rogerson Anokye , Michael Ansong , Kwasi Adu Obirikorang , Richeal Akuorkor Turkson

Smoking is a widely used method of fish preservation that can enhance flavour but may also introduce harmful contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. There is limited research on how the age of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) wood drives contaminant depositions in smoked fish products. Our study assessed the types and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carcinogenic risks related to PAH exposure, and cadmium, lead, and arsenic levels in Atlantic chub mackerel smoked with red mangrove wood aged 8, 11, and 14 years. Eighteen PAH congeners were identified, with four of them classified as probable human carcinogens by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) concentrations were within the EU limits (1.0 µg/kg), the PAH4 Index exceeded the 12.0 µg/kg limit in fish smoked with 14-year-old wood (12.5 µg/kg), which raises concerns about carcinogenic exposure. The cadmium and lead levels exceeded the EU safety thresholds in all fish samples: the highest contamination was recorded in the fish smoked with older wood. To ensure the safety of smoked fish products, the use of older wood for fish smoking must be restricted, along with the adoption of indirect smoking methods and enforcement of routine food safety monitoring.

熏制是一种广泛使用的保存鱼类的方法，可以增强风味，但也可能引入有害污染物，包括多环芳烃（PAHs）和重金属。关于红树（Rhizophora mangle）木材的年龄如何驱动熏鱼产品中的污染物沉积的研究有限。我们的研究评估了用8年、11年和14年红木熏制的大西洋鲐鱼中多环芳烃（PAHs）的类型和浓度、与PAH暴露相关的致癌风险以及镉、铅和砷的水平。共鉴定出18种多环芳烃同系物，其中4种被美国环境保护署列为可能的人类致癌物。虽然苯并[a]芘（B[a]P）浓度在欧盟限值内（1.0µg/kg），但PAH4指数超过了用14年木材熏制的鱼的12.0µg/kg限值（12.5µg/kg），这引起了人们对致癌暴露的担忧。所有鱼样本的镉和铅含量都超过了欧盟的安全阈值：用旧木材熏制的鱼污染最高。为确保熏鱼产品的安全，必须限制使用旧木材熏鱼，同时采用间接熏制方法，并加强日常食品安全监测。

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引用次数: 0

UPLC-TOF-MS/MS characterization of sulfated phytochemicals in Conocarpus lancifolius 松柏中硫酸盐化植物化学物质的UPLC-TOF-MS/MS表征

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03238

Fatma M. Abdel Bar , Gehad Abdelwahab

Sulfated metabolites, particularly sulfated flavonoids, represent a unique subclass of plant secondary metabolites that have gained increasing attention due to their diverse biological activities and ecological roles. Little is known about the existence and characteristics of sulfated flavonoids in Conocarpus species, particularly those cultivated in Saudi Arabia under harsh environmental stress conditions. In this study, the sulfated metabolome of C. lancifolius leaves was investigated for the first time using LC-MS/MS in the negative ion mode, enabling the tentative identification of ten sulfated metabolites, including five flavonoid sulfates, two sulfated fatty alcohols, two phenolic acid sulfates, and the phytohormone derivative 12-sulfoxyjasmonic acid. The mass fragmentation profiles of syringetin-3-sulfate and 1,2-tetradecanediol 1-(hydrogen sulfate), two tentatively identified metabolites, were presented here for the first time. The MS/MS fragmentation patterns were dominated by the neutral loss of SO₃, producing characteristic aglycone or backbone-related ions that supported structural assignments. The diversity of sulfated metabolites detected in C. lancifolius indicated that sulfate conjugation plays a substantial role in the secondary metabolism of the plant, potentially contributing to adaptive responses to environmental stress. These findings provided a groundwork for understanding the sulfur-associated metabolome of this species and underscore the need for further phytochemical, physiological, and pharmacological investigations.

硫酸盐代谢物，特别是硫酸盐类黄酮，是植物次生代谢物中一个独特的亚类，因其丰富的生物活性和生态作用而受到越来越多的关注。人们对康果属植物，特别是在沙特阿拉伯恶劣环境胁迫条件下栽培的康果属植物中硫化物类黄酮的存在及其特性知之甚少。本研究首次采用负离子模式的LC-MS/MS对香茅叶片的硫酸盐代谢组进行了研究，初步鉴定出10种硫酸盐代谢物，包括5种类黄酮硫酸盐、2种硫酸盐脂肪醇、2种酚酸硫酸盐和植物激素衍生物12-磺基茉莉酸。本文首次报道了紫丁香素-3-硫酸盐和1,2-十四烷二醇1-（硫酸氢）这两种初步鉴定的代谢物的质量破碎谱。MS/MS破碎模式主要是SO3的中性损失，产生支持结构分配的特征苷元或骨干相关离子。研究结果表明，硫酸盐缀合作用在植物次生代谢中起着重要作用，可能有助于植物对环境胁迫的适应性反应。这些发现为了解该物种的硫相关代谢组奠定了基础，并强调了进一步进行植物化学，生理和药理学研究的必要性。

{"title":"UPLC-TOF-MS/MS characterization of sulfated phytochemicals in Conocarpus lancifolius","authors":"Fatma M. Abdel Bar , Gehad Abdelwahab","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfated metabolites, particularly sulfated flavonoids, represent a unique subclass of plant secondary metabolites that have gained increasing attention due to their diverse biological activities and ecological roles. Little is known about the existence and characteristics of sulfated flavonoids in <em>Conocarpus</em> species, particularly those cultivated in Saudi Arabia under harsh environmental stress conditions. In this study, the sulfated metabolome of <em>C. lancifolius</em> leaves was investigated for the first time using LC-MS/MS in the negative ion mode, enabling the tentative identification of ten sulfated metabolites, including five flavonoid sulfates, two sulfated fatty alcohols, two phenolic acid sulfates, and the phytohormone derivative 12-sulfoxyjasmonic acid. The mass fragmentation profiles of syringetin-3-sulfate and 1,2-tetradecanediol 1-(hydrogen sulfate), two tentatively identified metabolites, were presented here for the first time. The MS/MS fragmentation patterns were dominated by the neutral loss of SO<sub>3</sub>, producing characteristic aglycone or backbone-related ions that supported structural assignments. The diversity of sulfated metabolites detected in <em>C. lancifolius</em> indicated that sulfate conjugation plays a substantial role in the secondary metabolism of the plant, potentially contributing to adaptive responses to environmental stress. These findings provided a groundwork for understanding the sulfur-associated metabolome of this species and underscore the need for further phytochemical, physiological, and pharmacological investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article e03238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning and econometric analysis of the heterogeneous welfare effects of agricultural cooperative membership in Mpumalanga, South Africa 南非普马兰加省农业合作社成员异质性福利效应的机器学习和计量经济学分析

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03230

Oluwaseun Samuel Oduniyi , Onyedikachi Emmanuel Chike , Michael Akwasi Antwi

This study applies machine learning and econometric analysis to examine the heterogeneous welfare effects of agricultural cooperative membership among smallholder maize farmers in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Using two complementary approaches, we analyzed data collected from 210 farmers, comprising both cooperative members and non-members. Machine learning techniques, including the Extra Trees Regressor (ETR), were employed to identify key welfare determinants, followed by the Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA) to estimate treatment effects. Results indicate that cooperative membership significantly enhances farmers' welfare, with farm size, access to infrastructure, and years of experience as critical contributors. Cooperative members benefit from improved income and reduced input costs, highlighting the role of cooperatives in promoting rural development and poverty reduction. The findings advocate for increased policy support to strengthen cooperative frameworks and encourage broader participation among smallholder farmers.

本研究运用机器学习和计量经济学分析来检验南非姆普马兰加省玉米小农农业合作社成员的异质性福利效应。使用两种互补的方法，我们分析了从210名农民收集的数据，包括合作社成员和非成员。采用机器学习技术，包括额外树回归器（ETR）来确定关键的福利决定因素，然后使用逆概率加权回归调整（IPWRA）来估计治疗效果。结果表明，合作社成员资格显著提高了农民的福利，农场规模、基础设施的可及性和经验年数是关键因素。合作社成员受益于收入的提高和投入成本的降低，这突出了合作社在促进农村发展和减贫方面的作用。调查结果主张加大政策支持力度，加强合作框架，鼓励小农更广泛地参与。

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引用次数: 0

Land use/land cover change dynamics of moist evergreen afromontane forest, Southern Ethiopia: Implications for conservation 埃塞俄比亚南部潮湿常绿非洲山地森林土地利用/土地覆盖动态变化：对保护的启示

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03204

Mesfin Woldearegay , Zerihun Woldu , Getinet Masresha , Yoseph Samuel

Improving the understanding of land use and land cover dynamics can lead to forecasting future land use and land cover changes and applying more appropriate policy interventions to achieve better land management. This study was conducted in Bore-Anferara-Wadera forest, southern Ethiopia, to analyze the land use and land cover change dynamics and its major driving factors in the study area. Three periods landsat images (1986 TM, 2000 ETM+ and 2014 OLI/TIRS) downloaded from GLCF were analyzed by using remote sensing and GIS technologies to generate information on the temporal changes in land use and land cover types. In addition, focus group discussion (FDG) and field observations were made to identify the drivers of LULC changes. The results of land sat image analysis revealed that agricultural land and built up area are expanding rapidly at the expense of other land use and land cover types. Forest and shrub land areas have declined drastically over the last 28 years. Population pressure, deforestation, land tenure system, and forest fire were the main driving forces responsible for the change in land use and land cover types in the study area. Therefore, a joint management and conservation measures should be taken by the government, local people and other stakeholders in order to reduce and/or stop the fast rate of vegetation cover declining and sustainable utilization of the forest resources in the study area.

提高对土地利用和土地覆盖动态的了解可以导致预测未来土地利用和土地覆盖的变化，并采用更适当的政策干预措施，以实现更好的土地管理。本研究以埃塞俄比亚南部的Bore-Anferara-Wadera森林为研究对象，分析研究区土地利用和土地覆被变化动态及其主要驱动因素。利用遥感和GIS技术，对从GLCF下载的3期陆地卫星影像（1986 TM、2000 ETM+和2014 OLI/TIRS）进行分析，获取土地利用和土地覆盖类型的时空变化信息。此外，还进行了焦点小组讨论（FDG）和实地观察，以确定LULC变化的驱动因素。土地卫星影像分析结果显示，以牺牲其他土地利用和土地覆被类型为代价，农业用地和建设用地正在迅速扩大。森林和灌木林地面积在过去28年中急剧减少。人口压力、森林砍伐、土地权属制度和森林火灾是导致研究区土地利用和土地覆盖类型变化的主要驱动力。因此，政府、当地居民和其他利益相关者应采取联合管理和保护措施，以减少和/或阻止研究区植被覆盖的快速下降和森林资源的可持续利用。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in animal traceability systems: A systematic review of technologies, benefits, and challenges 动物可追溯系统的进展：对技术、利益和挑战的系统回顾

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03117

Tshepiso Larona Mokgetse, Hlomani Hlomani, Tshiamo Sigwele

It is a common course that many families’ livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa are most importantly dependent on agriculture, especially livestock. To that end, it is estimated that the worldwide population of cattle is around 1.3 billion. However, animal disease outbreaks have caused many problems for economies, livelihoods, and communities. Therefore, this prevalent danger from livestock infectious diseases would cripple economies, not to mention that it would destabilize food security for affected communities. Given the impact of such outbreaks, measures must therefore be put in place to manage cattle activities to ensure the best profits and safety measures of livestock are reached. Animal traceability technologies have been introduced as measures for some of the livestock problems identified. A systematic literature review of animal traceability technologies is conducted following the process: 1) Planning by formulating research questions, 2) Article selection process from databases such as Science Direct and IEEE between 2006 and 2025, 3) Meta-analysis and data extraction of the 50 selected articles 4) Write-up of the results. A novel classification framework for animal traceability technologies is developed that goes beyond traditional technology-centric reviews. The integrated conceptual framework categorises traceability innovations across four complementary dimensions: systems, frameworks, benefits, and challenges. From the results, the commonly used technology is the Radio Frequency Identification at 38.4 %, - which is showing promise but needs improvement. It is also evident from the literature that researchers combine Radio Frequency Identification with other technologies like Machine learning – 15.4 % and Blockchain – 7.7 %. It was evident that a lack of research on stakeholder experiences and perspectives is greatly overlooked, such as regulators, farmers, the government, and consumers. The review provides a clearer understanding of how different technologies interact within traceability ecosystems, highlighting gaps among technological potential and practical adoptions, offering actionable foundation for improved systems design and cross-sector decision-making.

撒哈拉以南非洲许多家庭的生计主要依赖农业，特别是畜牧业，这是一个普遍现象。为此，据估计，全世界牛的数量约为13亿。然而，动物疾病暴发给经济、生计和社区造成了许多问题。因此，牲畜传染病的这种普遍危险将削弱经济，更不用说它将破坏受影响社区的粮食安全。鉴于这种疫情的影响，因此必须采取措施管理养牛活动，以确保达到最佳利润和牲畜安全措施。动物可追溯性技术已被引入，作为已确定的一些牲畜问题的措施。对动物可追溯技术进行系统的文献综述：1)制定研究问题进行规划；2)2006 - 2025年间从Science Direct和IEEE等数据库中选择文章；3)对50篇入选文章进行meta分析和数据提取；4)对结果进行总结。开发了一种新的动物可追溯性技术分类框架，超越了传统的以技术为中心的审查。集成的概念框架将可追溯性创新分为四个互补的维度：系统、框架、利益和挑战。从结果来看，常用的技术是射频识别技术（38.4%），这是有希望的，但需要改进。从文献中也可以明显看出，研究人员将射频识别与其他技术相结合，如机器学习（15.4%）和区块链（7.7%）。很明显，对监管机构、农民、政府和消费者等利益相关者的经验和观点缺乏研究，这一点被大大忽视了。该审查提供了对可追溯性生态系统中不同技术如何相互作用的更清晰理解，突出了技术潜力和实际采用之间的差距，为改进系统设计和跨部门决策提供了可操作的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the binder effect of Pentadesma butyracea gum on the mechanical characteristics of paracetamol tablets 丁酸Pentadesma butyracea胶粘结剂对扑热息痛片力学特性的影响

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03147

Mary-Ann Archer , Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye , Raphael Johnson , Isaac Yaw Attah , Samuel Lugrie Kipo , Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi , Frederick William Akuffo Owusu , Emmanuel Awintiig Adakudugu , Doris Kumadoh

Natural gums are widely studied as safe, affordable, and accessible pharmaceutical excipients, yet many indigenous gums remain poorly characterized, highlighting the need for locally viable binder alternatives. This study evaluated purified Pentadesma butyracea gum (PBG) as a binder for conventional-release paracetamol tablets, aiming to establish a reliable local alternative that reduces dependence on imported excipients and supports cost-effective pharmaceutical production. PBG, precipitated from crude mucilage using 96% ethanol was incorporated into the tablets at seven concentrations (0.5 – 6%^w/_w), forming formulations PB1 – PB7, with corresponding acacia-based formulations (AC1- AC7). FTIR spectroscopy assessed compatibility between PBG, paracetamol, and excipients. The granules and tablets underwent pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial evaluation. The dissolution profiles were compared using similarity (f₂) and difference (f₁) factors. FTIR studies showed no chemical interactions between PBG, paracetamol and the excipients. Granules from PB1, AC1, PB2, AC2 and AC3 showed fair flow, while the remaining batches demonstrated good flow properties. Most formulations met pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial standards; however, PB1, PB2, PB3, and AC1 failed friability, and PB1 and AC1 did not meet hardness requirements. AC7 also failed disintegration and dissolution tests. Increasing binder concentration improved tablet mechanical strength across batches. Comparative analysis showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between PBG and acacia formulations in hardness and tensile strength. Dissolution assessment indicated that all formulations, except PB6, were similar to their acacia counterparts (f₂ > 50; f₁ < 15). PBG demonstrated binding properties comparable to acacia gum, indicating its utility as a promising, locally available natural binder for conventional-release tablets.

天然牙龈被广泛研究为安全、负担得起和可获得的药用辅料，然而许多本土牙龈仍然缺乏特征，突出了当地可行的粘合剂替代品的需求。本研究评估了纯化的丁酸戊酯胶（PBG）作为常规释放的扑热息痛片的粘合剂，旨在建立一种可靠的本地替代品，减少对进口辅料的依赖，并支持具有成本效益的药物生产。用96%乙醇从粗黏液中沉淀PBG，以7种浓度（0.5 ~ 6%w/w）掺入片剂中，形成配方PB1 ~ PB7，以及相应的金合花配方（AC1 ~ AC7）。FTIR光谱评估了PBG、扑热息痛和辅料之间的相容性。颗粒剂和片剂分别进行了药典和非药典评价。用相似因子（f2）和差异因子（f1）比较溶出谱。FTIR研究显示PBG、扑热息痛和辅料之间没有化学相互作用。PB1、AC1、PB2、AC2和AC3的颗粒流动性能一般，其余批次的颗粒流动性能较好。大多数制剂符合药典和非药典标准；而PB1、PB2、PB3、AC1脆性不合格，PB1、AC1硬度不符合要求。AC7也未通过崩解和溶解试验。增加粘合剂浓度提高了整批片剂的机械强度。对比分析表明，PBG和金合欢制剂在硬度和抗拉强度方面无显著差异（p > 0.05）。溶出度评估表明，除PB6外，所有制剂均与金合欢制剂相似（f2 > 50; f1 < 15）。PBG的结合性能与阿拉伯胶相当，表明其作为常规释放片剂的一种有前途的、当地可用的天然结合剂的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic managerial capabilities, digital innovation and perceived financial performance in the banking sector 银行业的动态管理能力、数字创新和感知财务绩效

IF 3.3 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific African

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e03157

Comfort Adebi Asamoah , Kwabena Nsiah Takyi , Alena Klapalová , Izaskun Agirre-Aramburu , Jana Matošková

The contemporary digital economy requires businesses to utilise creative skills to boost their performance. Utilising the Dynamic Managerial Capability (DMC) theory, we examine the influence of managerial capabilities—human capital (MHC), social capital (MSC), and cognition (MC) —on digital innovation (DI) and perceived financial performance (PFP) within the banking sector. The mediating influence of MC and DI on the link among MSC, MHC, and PFP was assessed. To achieve this, 728 bankers in Ghana were purposefully sampled, adopting a seven-point Likert scale for data collection regarding managers and employees. The analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate that managerial cognition influences the interaction among managerial social capital, managerial human capital, digital innovation, and performance, with digital innovation not serving as a mediator. Managerial cognition serves as a conduit to human managerial capital, impacting perceived financial performance. The findings compel managers and policymakers to integrate DMC’s initiatives to enhance banks’ digital innovation, which is essential in the contemporary dynamic and digital landscape. The assessment has expanded the framework of dynamic capability theory in nascent communities, underscoring the influence of DMC on advancing digital innovation within the banking sector.

当代数字经济要求企业利用创造性技能来提高业绩。利用动态管理能力（DMC）理论，我们研究了管理能力——人力资本（MHC）、社会资本（MSC）和认知（MC）——对银行业数字创新（DI）和感知财务绩效（PFP）的影响。评估MC和DI对MSC、MHC和PFP之间联系的中介作用。为了实现这一目标，有目的地对加纳的728名银行家进行了抽样调查，采用7分李克特量表收集有关经理和员工的数据。分析采用偏最小二乘-结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）进行。结果表明：管理者认知影响着管理者社会资本、管理者人力资本、数字创新与绩效之间的交互作用，数字创新不起中介作用。管理认知是人力管理资本的渠道，影响感知财务绩效。研究结果迫使管理人员和政策制定者整合DMC的举措，以加强银行的数字创新，这在当代动态和数字环境中至关重要。该评估扩大了新兴社区动态能力理论的框架，强调了DMC对推进银行业数字创新的影响。

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