Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.05.002
S. Rodríguez-Barbero , D. Juárez Santos-García , V. Rodrigo-Carranza , J.M. González-Ravé , D. Boullosa , F. González-Mohíno
<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>During interval training, the combination of several training components (stimulus duration, intensity, and recovery) determines the athlete's acute fatigue, and manipulating these components elicits different acute fatigue responses. We analyzed the effects of manipulating the duration of the recovery period during isoeffort interval training sessions on biomechanical, physiological, perceptual, and neuromuscular parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Twelve well-trained runners completed three interval sessions at the highest possible running speed (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min) on a treadmill with 1-min, 2-min, or self-selected (SSrecovery) passive recovery periods (standing quietly on the treadmill).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall speed and distance after 4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min were 2.5% higher with a SSrecovery (∼190s) when they were compared to 1-min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) and 2-min recoveries (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Blood lactate concentration (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) was 15.6% lower in SSrecovery when compared to 1-min recovery. Rating of perceived exertion was 6.7% higher in 1-min vs. 2-min and SSrecovery (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Vertical oscillation was 3.4% lower in SSrecovery vs. 1-min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and step frequency was also 1.3 and 1.4% lower in 1-min and 2-min recovery periods when compared to SSrecovery (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that self-selected recovery with a mean duration of 190<!--> <!-->s involves less fatigue than 1- or 2-min recoveries after 3 long interval training sessions (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min). In fact, self-selected recovery showed lower blood lactate concentration, vertical oscillation, RPE and step frequency than 1- or 2-min recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Pendant l’entraînement par intervalles, la combinaison de plusieurs composantes de l’entraînement (durée du stimulus, intensité et récupération) détermine la fatigue aiguë de l’athlète, et la manipulation de ces composantes provoque différentes réponses à la fatigue aiguë. Nous avons analysé les effets de la manipulation de la durée de la période de récupération pendant les séances d’entraînement par intervalles à isoeffort sur les paramètres biomécaniques, physiologiques, perceptifs et neuromusculaires.</div></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><div>Douze coureurs bien entraînés ont effectué trois sessions d’intervalles à la vitesse de course la plus élevée possible (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min) sur un tapis roulant avec des périodes de récupération de 1<!--> <!-->min, 2<!--> <!-->min ou récupération spontanée (en restant tranquillement debout sur le tapis roulant).</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>La vitesse et la dista
{"title":"Acute effects of long interval training sessions with different recovery durations in well-trained runners","authors":"S. Rodríguez-Barbero , D. Juárez Santos-García , V. Rodrigo-Carranza , J.M. González-Ravé , D. Boullosa , F. González-Mohíno","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>During interval training, the combination of several training components (stimulus duration, intensity, and recovery) determines the athlete's acute fatigue, and manipulating these components elicits different acute fatigue responses. We analyzed the effects of manipulating the duration of the recovery period during isoeffort interval training sessions on biomechanical, physiological, perceptual, and neuromuscular parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Twelve well-trained runners completed three interval sessions at the highest possible running speed (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min) on a treadmill with 1-min, 2-min, or self-selected (SSrecovery) passive recovery periods (standing quietly on the treadmill).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall speed and distance after 4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min were 2.5% higher with a SSrecovery (∼190s) when they were compared to 1-min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) and 2-min recoveries (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Blood lactate concentration (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) was 15.6% lower in SSrecovery when compared to 1-min recovery. Rating of perceived exertion was 6.7% higher in 1-min vs. 2-min and SSrecovery (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Vertical oscillation was 3.4% lower in SSrecovery vs. 1-min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and step frequency was also 1.3 and 1.4% lower in 1-min and 2-min recovery periods when compared to SSrecovery (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that self-selected recovery with a mean duration of 190<!--> <!-->s involves less fatigue than 1- or 2-min recoveries after 3 long interval training sessions (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min). In fact, self-selected recovery showed lower blood lactate concentration, vertical oscillation, RPE and step frequency than 1- or 2-min recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Pendant l’entraînement par intervalles, la combinaison de plusieurs composantes de l’entraînement (durée du stimulus, intensité et récupération) détermine la fatigue aiguë de l’athlète, et la manipulation de ces composantes provoque différentes réponses à la fatigue aiguë. Nous avons analysé les effets de la manipulation de la durée de la période de récupération pendant les séances d’entraînement par intervalles à isoeffort sur les paramètres biomécaniques, physiologiques, perceptifs et neuromusculaires.</div></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><div>Douze coureurs bien entraînés ont effectué trois sessions d’intervalles à la vitesse de course la plus élevée possible (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min) sur un tapis roulant avec des périodes de récupération de 1<!--> <!-->min, 2<!--> <!-->min ou récupération spontanée (en restant tranquillement debout sur le tapis roulant).</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>La vitesse et la dista","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 678-687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.08.005
F.A. Machado , S.E. da Rosa , R.A. Marson , M.R.M. Mainenti , E.C. Martinez , V.M.M. de Ribeiro Reis
Aims
To investigate the duration of functional impairment in knee muscles following a simulated military road march with a backpack compared to no load carriage and baseline measurements.
Methods
Ten soldiers (age: 19.2 ± 0.4 years, height: 173.0 ± 5.5 cm) were subjected to 12 km of walking with a backpack and no load. Before and after walks (0, 2, 4, and 6 h) were submitted to isokinetic contractions of the knee muscles at 60/s.
Results
Peak torque intra-group analysis showed a significative reduction of 17.4% at 2 h and 18.1% at 6 h in the knee extensors after load carriage. No peak torque was reduced in the knee extensors and flexors after no load. Inter-group analysis showed that load carriage and no load do not differ in the time point in the knee extensors and flexors. Maximum work intra-group and inter-group analysis showed that the knee extensors and flexors do not differ in the time point.
Conclusion
The reduction in the extensor torque of the knee is load-dependent, while no-load walking does not exert any effect on both knee extensor and flexor muscles.
Objectifs
Étudier la durée de l’altération fonctionnelle des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à la suite d’une marche militaire avec sac à dos reproduite en laboratoire, comparée à une marche sans charge et à des mesures de base.
Méthodes
Dix militaires (âge, 19,2 ± 0,4 ans, taille, 173 ± 5,5 cm) ont effectué une marche de 12 km avec et sans sac à dos. Avant et après la marche (0, 2, 4 et 6 h), ils ont réalisé des contractions isocinétiques des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à 60/s.
Résultats
L’analyse intra-groupe du couple maximal a montré une réduction significative de 17,4̊% à 2 h et de 18,1̊% à 6 h des extenseurs de la jambe après le port de la charge. Il n’y a pas eu de réduction du couple maximal des extenseurs et des fléchisseurs du genou après la marche sans charge. L’analyse inter-groupe a montré que le port de la charge et la marche sans charge ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps pour les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs du genou. L’analyse intra-groupe et inter-groupe du travail maximal a montré que les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs de la jambe ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps.
Conclusion
La réduction du couple des extenseurs de la jambe est liée à la charge, tandis que la marche sans charge n’exerce aucun effet sur les muscles extenseurs et fléchisseurs de la jambe.
目的研究在模拟负重行军和无负重行军后膝关节肌肉功能损伤的持续时间。方法选取年龄（19.2±0.4）岁，身高（173.0±5.5）cm的10名士兵，进行背包徒步12 km。行走前后（0、2、4和6小时）以60/s的速度进行膝关节肌肉的等速收缩。结果组内分析显示，负重负重后2 h和6 h，膝关节伸肌的扭矩分别显著降低17.4%和18.1%。无负荷后，膝关节伸肌和屈肌的峰值扭矩没有减少。组间分析显示，负重负重和无负重在膝关节伸屈肌的时间点上没有差异。最大工作组内和组间分析显示，膝关节伸肌和屈肌在时间点上没有差异。结论膝关节伸肌扭矩的降低与负重有关，而空载步行对膝关节伸肌和屈肌均无影响。ObjectifsÉtudier与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，与其他组织相比，具有更大的潜力。3个月前，3个月前，10个月前，3个月前（19.2±0.4厘米），3个月前（173±5.5厘米），3个月前（12公里），3个月前（12公里）。先锋派的然后小心梯级(0、2、4等6 h),他们意识到des isocinetiques des肌肉收缩flechisseurs et extenseurs de la侧柱60 / s。rs - 3分析了组内du - 2对最大和最显著的rs - 3的显著性差异，分别为17.4 %和18.1 %和18.6 %。我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是，我想说的是。我来分析一下群体间的监控情况，比如，“收费港”和“收费市场”，以及不同的“收费港”、“收费港”和“收费港”。我将分析群体内和群体间的最大劳动强度、最大劳动强度、最大劳动强度、最大劳动强度、最大劳动强度、最大劳动强度、最大劳动强度、最大劳动强度和最大劳动强度。ConclusionLa减少du夫妇des extenseurs de la侧柱实地调查了电荷,tandis乘缆车马尔凯无电荷n 'exerce没有effet苏尔les肌肉extenseurs flechisseurs de la侧柱。
{"title":"Functional knee muscle impairment after 12-km simulated road march with load carriage","authors":"F.A. Machado , S.E. da Rosa , R.A. Marson , M.R.M. Mainenti , E.C. Martinez , V.M.M. de Ribeiro Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To investigate the duration of functional impairment in knee muscles following a simulated military road march with a backpack compared to no load carriage and baseline measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten soldiers (age: 19.2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.4 years, height: 173.0<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.5<!--> <!-->cm) were subjected to 12<!--> <!-->km of walking with a backpack and no load. Before and after walks (0, 2, 4, and 6<!--> <!-->h) were submitted to isokinetic contractions of the knee muscles at 60/s.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peak torque intra-group analysis showed a significative reduction of 17.4% at 2<!--> <!-->h and 18.1% at 6<!--> <!-->h in the knee extensors after load carriage. No peak torque was reduced in the knee extensors and flexors after no load. Inter-group analysis showed that load carriage and no load do not differ in the time point in the knee extensors and flexors. Maximum work intra-group and inter-group analysis showed that the knee extensors and flexors do not differ in the time point.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The reduction in the extensor torque of the knee is load-dependent, while no-load walking does not exert any effect on both knee extensor and flexor muscles.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Étudier la durée de l’altération fonctionnelle des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à la suite d’une marche militaire avec sac à dos reproduite en laboratoire, comparée à une marche sans charge et à des mesures de base.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Dix militaires (âge, 19,2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0,4 ans, taille, 173<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5,5<!--> <!-->cm) ont effectué une marche de 12<!--> <!-->km avec et sans sac à dos. Avant et après la marche (0, 2, 4 et 6<!--> <!-->h), ils ont réalisé des contractions isocinétiques des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à 60/s.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>L’analyse intra-groupe du couple maximal a montré une réduction significative de 17,4̊% à 2<!--> <!-->h et de 18,1̊% à 6<!--> <!-->h des extenseurs de la jambe après le port de la charge. Il n’y a pas eu de réduction du couple maximal des extenseurs et des fléchisseurs du genou après la marche sans charge. L’analyse inter-groupe a montré que le port de la charge et la marche sans charge ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps pour les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs du genou. L’analyse intra-groupe et inter-groupe du travail maximal a montré que les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs de la jambe ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>La réduction du couple des extenseurs de la jambe est liée à la charge, tandis que la marche sans charge n’exerce aucun effet sur les muscles extenseurs et fléchisseurs de la jambe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 266-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.005
G. Truffi , E. Crivoi do Carmo , L. Carvalho , A.F. Gáspari , C. Foster , R. Barroso
Aim
Ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) has been used to improve performance in aerobic and anaerobic activities. More specifically, there are several reports showing IPC's benefits on aerobic cycling performance. However, IPC can be time consuming, depending on the protocol adopted. The aim of this study was to investigate different IPC protocols to assess which one would be both effective and time efficient for enhancing performance in a 4-km cycling time trial (4-km TT).
Methods
In a randomized cross-over design, fifteen trained male cyclists went through 1, 2 or 4 cycles of IPC (5 minutes of occlusion followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion) all combined with 15 or 30 minutes of rest interval before the 4-km cycling TT. We also analyzed the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) every 1000 m during the 4-km TT. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the performance on the 4-km TT in all conditions. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze RPE every 1000 m of the 4-km cycling TT.
Results and conclusion
There was no significant effect of any of the IPC protocols on overall performance (P = 0.486). There was a main time effect for RPE (P < 0.0001) but there was no interaction effect (P = 0.111). Our results show that none of our IPC protocols was able to enhance performance on a 4-km cycling TT over a non-IPC control condition.
Objectifs
Le préconditionnement ischémique (IPC) a été utilisé pour améliorer les performances d’activités physiques aérobies et anaérobies. Plusieurs rapports ont montré des effets favorables de l’IPC sur les performances aérobies en cyclisme. Cependant, suivant les protocoles utilisés, l’IPC peut prendre du temps. Le but de cette étude était d’étudier différents protocoles IPC pour évaluer lesquels seraient à la fois économiques en temps, et efficaces pour améliorer les performances sur un contre-la-montre de cyclisme de 4 km (4 km TT).
Matériels et méthodes
Dans un protocole croisé randomisé, quinze cyclistes masculins régulièrement entraînés ont suivi 1, 2 ou 4 cycles d’IPC (5 minutes d’occlusion suivies de 5 minutes de reperfusion) combinés avec 15 ou 30 minutes de repos avant l’épreuve de cyclisme de 4 km TT. Nous avons également analysé l’évaluation de l’effort perçu (RPE) tous les 1000 m pendant le TT de 4 km. Les données sont présentées sous forme de moyenne et d’écart-type (SD). Une Anova à mesures répétées a été utilisée pour analyser les performances sur le TT de 4 km dans toutes les conditions. Des mesures répétées bidirectionnelles Anova ont été utilisées pour analyser le RPE tous les 1000
{"title":"Effect of different ischemic pre-conditioning protocols on a 4-km cycling time trial","authors":"G. Truffi , E. Crivoi do Carmo , L. Carvalho , A.F. Gáspari , C. Foster , R. Barroso","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) has been used to improve performance in aerobic and anaerobic activities. More specifically, there are several reports showing IPC's benefits on aerobic cycling performance. However, IPC can be time consuming, depending on the protocol adopted. The aim of this study was to investigate different IPC protocols to assess which one would be both effective and time efficient for enhancing performance in a 4-km cycling time trial (4-km TT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized cross-over design, fifteen trained male cyclists went through 1, 2 or 4 cycles of IPC (5<!--> <!-->minutes of occlusion followed by 5<!--> <!-->minutes of reperfusion) all combined with 15 or 30<!--> <!-->minutes of rest interval before the 4-km cycling TT. We also analyzed the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) every 1000<!--> <!-->m during the 4-km TT. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the performance on the 4-km TT in all conditions. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze RPE every 1000<!--> <!-->m of the 4-km cycling TT.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>There was no significant effect of any of the IPC protocols on overall performance (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.486). There was a main time effect for RPE (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.0001) but there was no interaction effect (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.111). Our results show that none of our IPC protocols was able to enhance performance on a 4-km cycling TT over a non-IPC control condition.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Le préconditionnement ischémique (IPC) a été utilisé pour améliorer les performances d’activités physiques aérobies et anaérobies. Plusieurs rapports ont montré des effets favorables de l’IPC sur les performances aérobies en cyclisme. Cependant, suivant les protocoles utilisés, l’IPC peut prendre du temps. Le but de cette étude était d’étudier différents protocoles IPC pour évaluer lesquels seraient à la fois économiques en temps, et efficaces pour améliorer les performances sur un contre-la-montre de cyclisme de 4<!--> <!-->km (4<!--> <!-->km TT).</div></div><div><h3>Matériels et méthodes</h3><div>Dans un protocole croisé randomisé, quinze cyclistes masculins régulièrement entraînés ont suivi 1, 2 ou 4 cycles d’IPC (5<!--> <!-->minutes d’occlusion suivies de 5<!--> <!-->minutes de reperfusion) combinés avec 15 ou 30<!--> <!-->minutes de repos avant l’épreuve de cyclisme de 4<!--> <!-->km TT. Nous avons également analysé l’évaluation de l’effort perçu (RPE) tous les 1000<!--> <!-->m pendant le TT de 4<!--> <!-->km. Les données sont présentées sous forme de moyenne et d’écart-type (SD). Une Anova à mesures répétées a été utilisée pour analyser les performances sur le TT de 4<!--> <!-->km dans toutes les conditions. Des mesures répétées bidirectionnelles Anova ont été utilisées pour analyser le RPE tous les 1000<!--> <!-","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 710-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.006
J. Sanchez-Sanchez , J. Raya-González , R. Ramirez-Campillo , F.M. Clemente , A. Rodríguez-Fernández
Objective
To compare the physical performance and official match demands of soccer players following a warm-up session that involved small-sided games with weighted vests of varying loads.
Equipment and methods
This study involved fifteen highly trained male soccer players (age: 17.8 ± 0.5 years; height: 173.4 ± 6.3 cm; body mass: 66.1 ± 7.4 kg; training experience: 10.5 ± 1.3 years) from the same team who competed in the national league for their age group. Their regular training schedule included four sessions and one competitive match per week. The participants completed three different warm-up protocols without weighted vest, with 5%, and 10% body mass weighted vest) during the intervention, following a counter-balanced design. After each protocol, players completed the triple hop jump test and the modified change-of-direction test. Also, the physical demands, including distance, high-speed distance, distance in acceleration and deceleration, and peak velocity, were assessed at three intervals: 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 min of the first half of official matches.
Results
The one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the performance in the triple jump test and T-test significantly improved (P < 0.01) after the protocol that included a small-sided game with a weighted vest at 5% of body weight compared to the protocol without a weighted vest. The peak velocity was higher after the protocol using vests at 5% of body weight than after the protocol without weighted vests in the intervals 0–15 (P < 0.01), 15–30 (P < 0.01), and 30–45 min (P < 0.05). Players covered more high-speed distance after the protocol with a weighted vest at 5% of body weight than after the warm-up without a weighted vest at 0–15 (P < 0.05) and 15–30 min (P < 0.01). Both acceleration and deceleration distance during the 30–45 min interval were significantly greater (P < 0.01) after the protocol using a weighted vest at 10% of body weight than after the protocol using a 5% body weight vest and the protocol without a weighted vest. In conclusion, a loaded warm-up with a 5% body mass enhances acute performance in horizontal jump, change-of-direction ability, and peak velocity compared to an unloaded warm-up. Incorporating a specific warm-up with a weighted vest at 5% body mass proves effective, particularly in the initial 30 min of the match.
Objectif
Comparer les performances physiques et les exigences officielles du match des joueurs de football suite à une séance d’échauffement incluant des jeux réduits avec des gilets lestés de ch
{"title":"Improvement of physical performance and match demands after warm-ups with small-sided soccer games wearing weighted vests of different loads","authors":"J. Sanchez-Sanchez , J. Raya-González , R. Ramirez-Campillo , F.M. Clemente , A. Rodríguez-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the physical performance and official match demands of soccer players following a warm-up session that involved small-sided games with weighted vests of varying loads.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>This study involved fifteen highly trained male soccer players (age: 17.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.5 years; height: 173.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->6.3<!--> <!-->cm; body mass: 66.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->7.4<!--> <!-->kg; training experience: 10.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.3 years) from the same team who competed in the national league for their age group. Their regular training schedule included four sessions and one competitive match per week. The participants completed three different warm-up protocols without weighted vest, with 5%, and 10% body mass weighted vest) during the intervention, following a counter-balanced design. After each protocol, players completed the triple hop jump test and the modified change-of-direction test. Also, the physical demands, including distance, high-speed distance, distance in acceleration and deceleration, and peak velocity, were assessed at three intervals: 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45<!--> <!-->min of the first half of official matches.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the performance in the triple jump test and <em>T</em>-test significantly improved (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) after the protocol that included a small-sided game with a weighted vest at 5% of body weight compared to the protocol without a weighted vest. The peak velocity was higher after the protocol using vests at 5% of body weight than after the protocol without weighted vests in the intervals 0–15 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), 15–30 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), and 30–45<!--> <!-->min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Players covered more high-speed distance after the protocol with a weighted vest at 5% of body weight than after the warm-up without a weighted vest at 0–15 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) and 15–30<!--> <!-->min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01). Both acceleration and deceleration distance during the 30–45<!--> <!-->min interval were significantly greater (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) after the protocol using a weighted vest at 10% of body weight than after the protocol using a 5% body weight vest and the protocol without a weighted vest. In conclusion, a loaded warm-up with a 5% body mass enhances acute performance in horizontal jump, change-of-direction ability, and peak velocity compared to an unloaded warm-up. Incorporating a specific warm-up with a weighted vest at 5% body mass proves effective, particularly in the initial 30<!--> <!-->min of the match.</div></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><div>Comparer les performances physiques et les exigences officielles du match des joueurs de football suite à une séance d’échauffement incluant des jeux réduits avec des gilets lestés de ch","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 688-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.003
M. Haghbin, W. Tahmasebi, M. Azizi, R. Hoseini
Background
The association of vitamin D and hematological factors and their changes during high altitude training remains unclear among alpine skiers. This study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D level, iron Homeostasis, and hematological parameters in alpine skiers following two weeks of ski training at high altitude.
Methods
Twenty alpine skiers were divided randomly into experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 8) groups. The subjects were selected among Iran's junior alpine skier national team volunteers. Anthropometric parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected to analyze the CBC, plasma ferritin concentration, PTH, serum 25 (OH) D, and other Iron metabolism variables before and after 2 weeks of the intervention. Each training session at 3600 m altitude for two weeks consisted of 10 mins of warm-up, the main ski training, and 5 mins of cool-down. The paired sample, and independent samples t-test to compare the mean of variables within and between groups using SPSS software at a significant level of P < 0.05.
Results
Both groups had no differences in pre-test values. After two weeks, the experimental group showed significant decreases (P < 0.05) in anthropometric characteristics such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF), and fat-free mass (FFM). The experimental group also demonstrated decreased levels of Fe (−19% vs −7%), Tfs (−27% vs −6%), Ca2+ (−9% vs 0%), and vitamin D (−22% vs −1%) comparing control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). However, parathyroid hormone (PTH), mean corpuscular volume (MVC), white blood cells (WBC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) did not show significant changes when compared to the control group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Research suggests that a two-week skiing training regimen (3000–3600m) can have a noteworthy effect on the iron homeostasis and vitamin D levels of male and female athletes. Given the common occurrence of vitamin D inadequacies among skiers, they should seek medical advice and incorporate vitamin D and iron supplements into their routine to minimize the risk of fractures, contusions, and hypothermia.
Contexte
L’association entre la vitamine D et les facteurs hématologiques et leurs modifications au cours de l’entraînement en haute altitude restent floues chez les skieurs alpins. Cette étude visait à évaluer le taux de vitamine D, l’homéostasie du fer et les paramètres hématologiques chez des skieurs alpins après deux semaines d’en
背景高山滑雪运动员在高海拔训练期间维生素 D 与血液学因素的关系及其变化仍不清楚。本研究旨在评估高山滑雪运动员在高海拔地区接受两周滑雪训练后的维生素 D 水平、铁平衡状态和血液学参数。实验对象从伊朗青少年高山滑雪国家队志愿者中选出。实验组测量了人体测量参数，并采集了血液样本，以分析干预前后两周的全血细胞计数、血浆铁蛋白浓度、PTH、血清 25 (OH) D 和其他铁代谢变量。在海拔 3600 米处进行的两周训练中，每次训练包括 10 分钟热身、主要滑雪训练和 5 分钟冷却。使用 SPSS 软件进行配对样本和独立样本 t 检验，比较组内和组间变量的平均值，显著水平为 P <0.05。两周后，实验组的体重（BW）、体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比（PBF）和去脂质量（FFM）等人体测量特征均有显著下降（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，实验组的铁含量（-19% vs -7%）、Tfs含量（-27% vs -6%）、Ca2+含量（-9% vs 0%）和维生素 D 含量（-22% vs -1% ）也有所下降（P < 0.05）。实验组的血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞（RBC）、血细胞比容（Hct）、铁蛋白和总铁结合能力（TIBC）均有明显增加（P < 0.05）。研究表明，为期两周的滑雪训练（3000-3600 米）对男女运动员的铁平衡和维生素 D 水平有显著影响。背景高山滑雪运动员在高海拔训练期间维生素 D 和血液学因素之间的关系及其变化仍不清楚。本研究的目的是评估高山滑雪运动员在两周高海拔滑雪训练后的维生素 D 水平、铁平衡和血液学参数。方法将 20 名高山滑雪运动员随机分为实验组（n = 12）和对照组（n = 8）。实验对象选自伊朗国家青少年高山滑雪队的志愿者。在两周干预训练前后，对受试者的人体测量参数和血液样本进行测量，以分析全血细胞计数、血浆铁蛋白浓度、PTH、血清 25 (OH) D 和其他铁代谢变量。在海拔 3600 米处进行的为期两周的训练包括 10 分钟热身、主要滑雪训练和 5 分钟恢复训练。使用 SPSS 软件进行配对样本和独立样本测试，比较组内和组间变量的平均值，显著性水平为 p <0.05。两周后，实验组的体重（BW）、体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比（PBF）和去脂质量（FFM）等人体测量特征均有显著下降（p <0.05）。与对照组相比，实验组的铁含量（-19% vs. -7%）、Tfs（-27% vs. -6%）、Ca2+（-9% vs. 0%）和维生素 D（-22% vs. -1%）也有所下降（p < 0.05）。实验组的血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞（RBC）、血细胞比容（Hct）、铁蛋白和总铁结合能力（TIBC）均有明显增加（p < 0.05）。然而，与对照组相比，甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、平均血球容积（MVC）、白细胞（WBC）和平均血红蛋白（MCH）均无明显变化（p > 0.05）。
{"title":"Evaluation of vitamin D level, iron homeostasis, and hematological parameters following two weeks of live-high–train-high altitude in elite female and male alpine skiers","authors":"M. Haghbin, W. Tahmasebi, M. Azizi, R. Hoseini","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association of vitamin D and hematological factors and their changes during high altitude training remains unclear among alpine skiers. This study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D level, iron Homeostasis, and hematological parameters in alpine skiers following two weeks of ski training at high altitude.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty alpine skiers were divided randomly into experimental (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->12) and control (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8) groups. The subjects were selected among Iran's junior alpine skier national team volunteers. Anthropometric parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected to analyze the CBC, plasma ferritin concentration, PTH, serum 25 (OH) D, and other Iron metabolism variables before and after 2<!--> <!-->weeks of the intervention. Each training session at 3600<!--> <!-->m altitude for two weeks consisted of 10<!--> <!-->mins of warm-up, the main ski training, and 5<!--> <!-->mins of cool-down. The paired sample, and independent samples <em>t</em>-test to compare the mean of variables within and between groups using SPSS software at a significant level of <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups had no differences in pre-test values. After two weeks, the experimental group showed significant decreases (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) in anthropometric characteristics such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF), and fat-free mass (FFM). The experimental group also demonstrated decreased levels of Fe (−19% vs −7%), Tfs (−27% vs −6%), Ca2+ (−9% vs 0%), and vitamin D (−22% vs −1%) comparing control group (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The experimental group showed significant increases (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). However, parathyroid hormone (PTH), mean corpuscular volume (MVC), white blood cells (WBC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) did not show significant changes when compared to the control group (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Research suggests that a two-week skiing training regimen (3000–3600m) can have a noteworthy effect on the iron homeostasis and vitamin D levels of male and female athletes. Given the common occurrence of vitamin D inadequacies among skiers, they should seek medical advice and incorporate vitamin D and iron supplements into their routine to minimize the risk of fractures, contusions, and hypothermia.</div></div><div><h3>Contexte</h3><div>L’association entre la vitamine D et les facteurs hématologiques et leurs modifications au cours de l’entraînement en haute altitude restent floues chez les skieurs alpins. Cette étude visait à évaluer le taux de vitamine D, l’homéostasie du fer et les paramètres hématologiques chez des skieurs alpins après deux semaines d’en","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 698-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.002
N. Todorovic , S.M. Ostojic
Objectives
Molecular hydrogen (H2, dihydrogen) has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic properties. This review aims to critically evaluate H2's capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.
News
Besides traditional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, dihydrogen might enhance athletes’ performance and recovery via several other pathways, including circadian rhythm regulation and cellular homeostasis modulation.
Prospects and projects
By synthesizing the available literature, we assess H2's capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue. Our review presents a scientific rationale for the potential role of H2 as a novel intervention to optimize athletic performance.
Conclusion
Despite limited research in this area, dihydrogen shows potential for improving sports performance and aiding recovery. Additional investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of H2 in regulating circadian rhythm and promoting quality sleep, and well-designed trials are required to establish its efficacy. In addition, further research is necessary to understand the potential effects of H2 on gene regulation and hormonal balance and to translate the theoretical potential of H2 into practical applications.
Objectifs
L’hydrogène moléculaire (H2, dihydrogène) a attiré l’attention de la communauté scientifique en raison de ses propriétés thérapeutiques potentielles. Cette revue vise à évaluer de manière critique la capacité de H2 à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice.
Nouvelles
Outre la capacité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire traditionnelle, le dihydrogène pourrait améliorer les performances et la récupération des athlètes par plusieurs autres voies, notamment la régulation du rythme circadien et la modulation de l’homéostasie cellulaire.
Perspectives et projets
En synthétisant la littérature disponible, nous évaluons la capacité de H2 à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice. Notre revue présente une justification scientifique du rôle potentiel de H2 en tant que nouvelle intervention pour optimiser les performances sportives.
Conclusion
Malgré des recherches limitées dans ce domaine, le dihydrogène montre un potentiel pour améliorer les performances sportives et favoriser la récupération. Des r
目的分子氢（H2，二氢）因其潜在的治疗特性而受到科学界的广泛关注。这篇综述旨在批判性地评估H2增强运动员免疫功能、调节昼夜节律和促进从运动引起的疲劳中恢复的能力。除了传统的抗氧化和抗炎能力，双氢可能通过其他途径提高运动员的表现和恢复，包括昼夜节律调节和细胞稳态调节。展望和项目通过综合现有文献，我们评估了H2增强运动员免疫功能、调节昼夜节律和促进运动疲劳恢复的能力。我们的综述提出了H2作为一种新的干预措施来优化运动表现的潜在作用的科学依据。尽管该领域的研究有限，但双氢显示出提高运动成绩和帮助恢复的潜力。需要进一步的研究来确定H2在调节昼夜节律和促进睡眠质量方面的有效性，并需要精心设计的试验来确定其有效性。此外，还需要进一步研究H2对基因调控和激素平衡的潜在影响，并将H2的理论潜力转化为实际应用。目的：研究交换器（H2, dihydrog）和交换器（H2, dihydrog）的性质。在此基础上，研究人员提出了一种新的方法，即：将职业生涯组织和职业生涯组织与职业生涯组织和职业生涯组织与职业生涯组织相结合，将职业生涯组织与职业生涯组织相结合。NouvellesOutre la capacit抗氧化剂和抗炎剂传统的nelle， le dihydrogrene pourrait amacliliv .表演和la racimacimacriv .运动员和运动员的职业生涯，记录la racimodu节律节律调节和la调制de l ' homacimostasie cellaire。展望和项目：合成的和一次性的混合的和一次性的混合的和一次性的混合的和一次性的混合的和一次性的混合的和一次性的混合的。混合的和一次性的混合的和一次性的。混合的和一次性的混合的。我们的研究证明了一个理由，科学地证明了rôle潜在的氢动力，并提出了一种新的干预措施，以优化运动员的表现。结论马尔格拉德斯的研究局限于个体个体间的交换和交换，双氢基因在个体个体间交换的可能性较低。研究补充性的变性人，如变性人，变性人，变性人，变性人，变性人，变性人，变性人，变性人，变性人。此外，该研究补充了其他的可变因素，如可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素、可变因素等。
{"title":"Recent advances in hydrogen research for exercise science: Modulating circadian rhythm, immunity, and athlete recovery","authors":"N. Todorovic , S.M. Ostojic","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>, dihydrogen) has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic properties. This review aims to critically evaluate H<sub>2</sub>'s capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.</div></div><div><h3>News</h3><div>Besides traditional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, dihydrogen might enhance athletes’ performance and recovery via several other pathways, including circadian rhythm regulation and cellular homeostasis modulation.</div></div><div><h3>Prospects and projects</h3><div>By synthesizing the available literature, we assess H<sub>2</sub>'s capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue. Our review presents a scientific rationale for the potential role of H<sub>2</sub> as a novel intervention to optimize athletic performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite limited research in this area, dihydrogen shows potential for improving sports performance and aiding recovery. Additional investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of H<sub>2</sub> in regulating circadian rhythm and promoting quality sleep, and well-designed trials are required to establish its efficacy. In addition, further research is necessary to understand the potential effects of H<sub>2</sub> on gene regulation and hormonal balance and to translate the theoretical potential of H<sub>2</sub> into practical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>L’hydrogène moléculaire (H<sub>2</sub>, dihydrogène) a attiré l’attention de la communauté scientifique en raison de ses propriétés thérapeutiques potentielles. Cette revue vise à évaluer de manière critique la capacité de H<sub>2</sub> à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice.</div></div><div><h3>Nouvelles</h3><div>Outre la capacité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire traditionnelle, le dihydrogène pourrait améliorer les performances et la récupération des athlètes par plusieurs autres voies, notamment la régulation du rythme circadien et la modulation de l’homéostasie cellulaire.</div></div><div><h3>Perspectives et projets</h3><div>En synthétisant la littérature disponible, nous évaluons la capacité de H<sub>2</sub> à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice. Notre revue présente une justification scientifique du rôle potentiel de H<sub>2</sub> en tant que nouvelle intervention pour optimiser les performances sportives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Malgré des recherches limitées dans ce domaine, le dihydrogène montre un potentiel pour améliorer les performances sportives et favoriser la récupération. Des r","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.07.002
A. Herrero-Molleda , R. Bini , J. García-López
Objectives
Women experience more saddle-related pain during cycling compared to men. However, there is a lack of research focused on the optimal saddle for this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the most used type of saddle (i.e., women's saddles, men's saddles or unisex) and the effect of saddle type on perceived comfort in elite women road cyclists.
Methods
Sixty national level road cyclists completed a questionnaire about their training characteristics, saddle use background and saddle comfort. The measures of the participants saddles were also obtained.
Results
Women's saddles were chosen by the majority of participants, being more comfortable (4.2 vs. 3.8 on a 1–5 comfort scale, respectively) than men's saddles. What is more, among cyclists who had tried both saddles, 55% felt better with the women's saddle, while only 16% preferred the men's saddle. However, more experienced cyclists (i.e., higher weekly and annual training load and years of experience) used men's saddles. Also, 50% of the participants still presented pain, regardless of the type of saddle used. The type of saddle also affected the cyclist's position on the saddle (i.e., at the rear of the saddle with men's saddles) and the location of pain (i.e., higher on the ischial tuberosities with men's saddles).
Conclusion
In conclusion, women's saddles are more comfortable for women road cyclists. Saddle type may also have some effect on bike-fit, as woman sit further back when using a men's saddle (i.e., increasing the effective saddle height).
Objectifs
Les cyclistes féminines ressentent davantage de douleurs liées à la selle pendant les courses que les hommes. Cependant, il y a un manque de recherche pour définir le type optimal de selle pour les femmes. L’objectif de cette étude était donc d’analyser le type de selle le plus utilisé (selles pour femmes, selles pour hommes ou unisexe) et l’effet du type de selle choisi sur le confort perçu par des cyclistes féminines sur route de haut niveau.
Méthodes
Soixante cyclistes sur route de niveau national ont répondu à un questionnaire afin de connaître leurs caractéristiques d’entraînement, leurs antécédents en matière d’utilisation de selle et le confort perçu de la selle utilisée. Les dimensions des selles des participantes ont été également obtenues.
Résultats
Les selles pour femmes ont été choisies par la majorité des participantes. Elles sont considérées comme plus confortables (4,2 contre 3,8 sur une échelle de confort de 1 à 5, respectivement) que les selles pour hommes. De plus, parmi les cyclistes qui ont essayé les deux selles, 55 % se sont mieux senties avec la selle féminine, tandis que seulement 16 % ont préféré la selle masculine. Cependant, les cyclistes les plus expérimentées (c’est-à-dire celles qui ont u
{"title":"Saddle preferences and perceived comfort of competitive women cyclists","authors":"A. Herrero-Molleda , R. Bini , J. García-López","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Women experience more saddle-related pain during cycling compared to men. However, there is a lack of research focused on the optimal saddle for this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the most used type of saddle (i.e., women's saddles, men's saddles or unisex) and the effect of saddle type on perceived comfort in elite women road cyclists.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty national level road cyclists completed a questionnaire about their training characteristics, saddle use background and saddle comfort. The measures of the participants saddles were also obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women's saddles were chosen by the majority of participants, being more comfortable (4.2 vs. 3.8 on a 1–5 comfort scale, respectively) than men's saddles. What is more, among cyclists who had tried both saddles, 55% felt better with the women's saddle, while only 16% preferred the men's saddle. However, more experienced cyclists (i.e., higher weekly and annual training load and years of experience) used men's saddles. Also, 50% of the participants still presented pain, regardless of the type of saddle used. The type of saddle also affected the cyclist's position on the saddle (i.e., at the rear of the saddle with men's saddles) and the location of pain (i.e., higher on the ischial tuberosities with men's saddles).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, women's saddles are more comfortable for women road cyclists. Saddle type may also have some effect on bike-fit, as woman sit further back when using a men's saddle (i.e., increasing the effective saddle height).</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Les cyclistes féminines ressentent davantage de douleurs liées à la selle pendant les courses que les hommes. Cependant, il y a un manque de recherche pour définir le type optimal de selle pour les femmes. L’objectif de cette étude était donc d’analyser le type de selle le plus utilisé (selles pour femmes, selles pour hommes ou unisexe) et l’effet du type de selle choisi sur le confort perçu par des cyclistes féminines sur route de haut niveau.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Soixante cyclistes sur route de niveau national ont répondu à un questionnaire afin de connaître leurs caractéristiques d’entraînement, leurs antécédents en matière d’utilisation de selle et le confort perçu de la selle utilisée. Les dimensions des selles des participantes ont été également obtenues.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Les selles pour femmes ont été choisies par la majorité des participantes. Elles sont considérées comme plus confortables (4,2 contre 3,8 sur une échelle de confort de 1 à 5, respectivement) que les selles pour hommes. De plus, parmi les cyclistes qui ont essayé les deux selles, 55 % se sont mieux senties avec la selle féminine, tandis que seulement 16 % ont préféré la selle masculine. Cependant, les cyclistes les plus expérimentées (c’est-à-dire celles qui ont u","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 670-677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.002
P.R. Davis
Objectives
To test the reliability of the VO2 Master Pro and to compare it to the Cosmed Quark.
Equipment and methods
Eight recreational cyclists participated in two different trials which consisted of graded cycling exercise stages at 50%, 70%, and 85% of their critical power. The VO2 Master Pro was used during the first visit, while both the VO2 Master Pro and Cosmed Quark were used during the second visit. Equivalence testing of the trials was done by TOST analysis while test of difference was done by ANOVA.
Results
The results indicated equivalence of the VO2 Master Pro in the measurement of VO2 (35.1 ± 10.4 mL·kg−1·min−1 vs. 35.4 ± 10.2 mL·kg−1·min−1) and VE (72.4 ± 20.5 L·min−1 vs 73.8 ± 22.3 L·min−1) across repeated visits indicating good reliability of the device. However, neither significant equivalence nor difference was detected when comparing the VO2 Master Pro to the Cosmed Quark across the same variables indicating that the two devices were similar to each other.
Objectifs
Il s’agit de tester la fiabilité du VO2 Master-Pro et de le comparer au Cosmed Quark.
Matériel et méthodes
Huit cyclistes amateurs ont participé à deux essais différents qui consistaient à enchaîner différents paliers d’exercices sur ergocycles gradués à 50 %, 70 % et 85 % de leur puissance critique. Le VO2 Master-Pro a été utilisé lors de la première visite, tandis que le VO2 Master Pro et le Cosmed Quark ont été utilisé lors de la seconde visite. Le test d’équivalence des moyennes a été effectué par l’analyse TOST (two one-sided test), tandis que le test de différence a été effectué par une Anova.
Résultats
Les résultats indiquent une équivalence du VO2 Master-Pro pour la mesure du VO2 (35,1 ± 10,4 mL-kg-1-min−1 vs. 35,4 ± 10,2 mL-kg−1-min−1) et du VE (72,4 ± 20,5 L-min−1 vs 73,8 ± 22,3 L-min−1) lors de visites répétées, ce qui indique une bonne fiabilité de l’appareil. Cependant, aucune équivalence ou différence significative n’a été détectée en comparant le VO2 Master-Pro au Cosmed Quark pour les mêmes variables, ce qui indique que les deux appareils sont similaires l’un à l’autre.
目的测试 VO2 Master Pro 的可靠性，并将其与 Cosmed Quark 进行比较。设备和方法八名休闲自行车运动员参加了两次不同的试验，试验包括在 50%、70% 和 85% 临界功率下的分级自行车运动阶段。第一次试验使用了 VO2 Master Pro，第二次试验同时使用了 VO2 Master Pro 和 Cosmed Quark。结果表明，VO2 Master Pro 在测量 VO2（35.1 ± 10.4 mL-kg-1-min-1 vs. 35.4 ± 10.2 mL-kg-1-min-1）和 VE（72.4 ± 20.5 L-min-1 vs. 73.8 ± 22.3 L-min-1）方面的等效性与重复访问的等效性相同，表明该设备具有良好的可靠性。材料和方法八名业余自行车运动员参加了两项不同的试验，包括在50%、70%和85%临界功率的二轮自行车上连接不同的运动阶段。第一次使用的是 VO2 Master-Pro，第二次使用的是 VO2 Master Pro 和 Cosmed Quark。结果表明，VO2 Master-Pro 与 Cosmed Quark 的 VO2 测量结果相当（35.1 ± 10.4 mL-kg-1-min-1 vs. 35.4 ± 10.2 mL-kg-1-min-1 ）。35.4 ± 10.2 mL-kg-1-min-1 ）和 VE （72.4 ± 20.5 L-min-1 vs. 73.8 ± 22.3 L-min-1），表明设备可靠性良好。然而，将 VO2 Master-Pro 与 Cosmed Quark 的相同变量进行比较时，未发现等效或显著差异，表明这两种设备彼此相似。
{"title":"The reliability of the VO2 Master Pro metabolic analyzer and comparison with the Cosmed Quark","authors":"P.R. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To test the reliability of the VO<sub>2</sub> Master Pro and to compare it to the Cosmed Quark.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Eight recreational cyclists participated in two different trials which consisted of graded cycling exercise stages at 50%, 70%, and 85% of their critical power. The VO<sub>2</sub> Master Pro was used during the first visit, while both the VO<sub>2</sub> Master Pro and Cosmed Quark were used during the second visit. Equivalence testing of the trials was done by TOST analysis while test of difference was done by ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated equivalence of the VO<sub>2</sub> Master Pro in the measurement of VO<sub>2</sub> (35.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.4<!--> <!-->mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup> vs. 35.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.2<!--> <!-->mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>) and V<sub>E</sub> (72.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->20.5<!--> <!-->L·min<sup>−1</sup> vs 73.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->22.3<!--> <!-->L·min<sup>−1</sup>) across repeated visits indicating good reliability of the device. However, neither significant equivalence nor difference was detected when comparing the VO<sub>2</sub> Master Pro to the Cosmed Quark across the same variables indicating that the two devices were similar to each other.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Il s’agit de tester la fiabilité du VO2 Master-Pro et de le comparer au Cosmed Quark.</div></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><div>Huit cyclistes amateurs ont participé à deux essais différents qui consistaient à enchaîner différents paliers d’exercices sur ergocycles gradués à 50 %, 70 % et 85 % de leur puissance critique. Le VO2 Master-Pro a été utilisé lors de la première visite, tandis que le VO2 Master Pro et le Cosmed Quark ont été utilisé lors de la seconde visite. Le test d’équivalence des moyennes a été effectué par l’analyse TOST (<em>two one-sided test</em>), tandis que le test de différence a été effectué par une Anova.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Les résultats indiquent une équivalence du VO2 Master-Pro pour la mesure du VO2 (35,1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10,4<!--> <!-->mL-kg-1-min<sup>−1</sup> vs. 35,4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10,2<!--> <!-->mL-kg<sup>−1</sup>-min<sup>−1</sup>) et du VE (72,4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->20,5 L-min<sup>−1</sup> vs 73,8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->22,3 L-min<sup>−1</sup>) lors de visites répétées, ce qui indique une bonne fiabilité de l’appareil. Cependant, aucune équivalence ou différence significative n’a été détectée en comparant le VO2 Master-Pro au Cosmed Quark pour les mêmes variables, ce qui indique que les deux appareils sont similaires l’un à l’autre.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 706-709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.001
M. Keshavarz , E. Belyea , M. Short , M. Sénéchal , D.R. Bouchard
Objective
To explore if individuals living with obesity participate, have interest, and benefit from circuit resistance training (RT+) and evaluate if the RT+ reaches moderate aerobic intensity and the association between oxygen consumption and heart rate while performing the RT+.
Equipment and methods
Ten inactive adults living with obesity participated in the RT+ program for 12 weeks. Participants performed 150 min of the RT+ program using four exercises (squats, chest press, lunges and lat-pull down) for three sessions of 50 min each week. Measured outcomes included attendance, fitness, lipids, anthropometrics body composition. Oxygen consumption and heart rate were captured during a single session of the RT+ program using portable indirect calorimetry.
Results
Participants attended 90% of offered sessions (32.5/36.0 sessions). A significant improvement was observed in the body mass index (P = 0.03). The RT+ program was permitted to reach moderate intensity regardless of the indicator used to establish moderate intensity (3METs, 46%VO2peak, 40%VO2reserve, 64%HRmax and 40%HRreserve). The association between HR and VO2 while performing the RT+ program was 0.27; P < 0.01.
Conclusion
This study suggests that people with obesity achieve moderate intensity when performing RT+. As a result, performing RT in a circuit manner could contribute to the aerobic portion of the guidelines for adults living with obesity.
Objectif
Ce projet avec pour but : (1) explorer si les personnes vivant avec de l’obésité ont de l’intérêt à bénéficier d’un entraînement en résistance de format circuit ; (2) évaluer si ce programme permet d’atteindre une intensité aérobie modérée ; (3) tester l’association entre la consommation d’oxygène et la fréquence cardiaque lors de l’exécution d’une session d’entraînement.
Équipement et méthodes
Dix adultes inactifs obèses ont participé au programme d’entraînement en résistance de format circuit pendant 12 semaines. Les participants ont effectué 150 min du programme en effectuant quatre exercices (squats, push-up, fentes et lat-pull down) pendant trois séances de 50 min chaque semaine. Les résultats mesurés pré-post comprenaient l’assiduité, la condition physique, les lipides et la composition corporelle anthropométrique. La consommation d’oxygène et la fréquence cardiaque ont été capturées au cours d’une seule session du programme à l’aide de la calorimétrie indirecte portable.
Résultats
Les participants ont assisté à 90 % des séances offertes (32,5/36,0). Une amélioration significative de l’indice de masse corporelle a été observée (p = 0,03
{"title":"Can a simple circuit resistance training meet aerobic and strength activities recommendations for people living with obesity?","authors":"M. Keshavarz , E. Belyea , M. Short , M. Sénéchal , D.R. Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore if individuals living with obesity participate, have interest, and benefit from circuit resistance training (RT+) and evaluate if the RT+ reaches moderate aerobic intensity and the association between oxygen consumption and heart rate while performing the RT+.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Ten inactive adults living with obesity participated in the RT+ program for 12 weeks. Participants performed 150<!--> <!-->min of the RT+ program using four exercises (squats, chest press, lunges and lat-pull down) for three sessions of 50<!--> <!-->min each week. Measured outcomes included attendance, fitness, lipids, anthropometrics body composition. Oxygen consumption and heart rate were captured during a single session of the RT+ program using portable indirect calorimetry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants attended 90% of offered sessions (32.5/36.0 sessions). A significant improvement was observed in the body mass index (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.03). The RT+ program was permitted to reach moderate intensity regardless of the indicator used to establish moderate intensity (3METs, 46%VO<sub>2peak</sub>, 40%VO<sub>2reserve</sub>, 64%HR<sub>max</sub> and 40%HR<sub>reserve)</sub>. The association between HR and VO<sub>2</sub> while performing the RT+ program was 0.27; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that people with obesity achieve moderate intensity when performing RT+. As a result, performing RT in a circuit manner could contribute to the aerobic portion of the guidelines for adults living with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><div>Ce projet avec pour but : (1) explorer si les personnes vivant avec de l’obésité ont de l’intérêt à bénéficier d’un entraînement en résistance de format circuit ; (2) évaluer si ce programme permet d’atteindre une intensité aérobie modérée ; (3) tester l’association entre la consommation d’oxygène et la fréquence cardiaque lors de l’exécution d’une session d’entraînement.</div></div><div><h3>Équipement et méthodes</h3><div>Dix adultes inactifs obèses ont participé au programme d’entraînement en résistance de format circuit pendant 12<!--> <!-->semaines. Les participants ont effectué 150<!--> <!-->min du programme en effectuant quatre exercices (<em>squats</em>, <em>push-up</em>, fentes et <em>lat-pull down</em>) pendant trois séances de 50<!--> <!-->min chaque semaine. Les résultats mesurés pré-post comprenaient l’assiduité, la condition physique, les lipides et la composition corporelle anthropométrique. La consommation d’oxygène et la fréquence cardiaque ont été capturées au cours d’une seule session du programme à l’aide de la calorimétrie indirecte portable.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Les participants ont assisté à 90 % des séances offertes (32,5/36,0). Une amélioration significative de l’indice de masse corporelle a été observée (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0,03","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 665-669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.001
A. Vandenbergue , S. Ahmaidi , T. Weissland
Objective
To assess the impact of cold and heat conditions on manual performance during maneuverability exercises in powerchair football players.
Method
Ten volunteers with heterogeneous pathologies engaged in FIPFA competitions participated in the study. The assessments consisted of answering a survey, carrying out a computer maneuverability path before and after immersion of upper limb in cold water (8 °C); before and after exposure to heat (hair-dryer). The skin temperature (hand and forearm) perceptive scales (thermal sensation and comfort, effort, pain) were also measured.
Results
Conditions did not significantly impact mean test result (Heat = +5.3 boxes; Cold = −6.3 boxes; NS) but some subject were highly impacted with cold condition. A slight downward trend was observed for the cold and a slight upward for the heat. The cold and heat influenced the both hand and forearm skin temperature, the thermal sensation and the thermal comfort of the players in contrast to the perception of effort and pain (hand after Heat = +5.9°3.9 °C, hand after Cold = −11°1.4 °C; forearm after Heat = +1.9°1.0 °C, forearm after Cold = −0.6°0.7 °C; P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The results suggest that individually, cold condition might affect negatively manual dexterity and performance of some powerchair football players. To put athletes in best playing environment conditions, the instance of powerchair football need to legislate for a minimal ambient temperature.
{"title":"Impact of local cold and heat exposition on skin temperature on manual performance during maneuverability exercises in powerchair soccer players","authors":"A. Vandenbergue , S. Ahmaidi , T. Weissland","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the impact of cold and heat conditions on manual performance during maneuverability exercises in powerchair football players.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Ten volunteers with heterogeneous pathologies engaged in FIPFA competitions participated in the study. The assessments consisted of answering a survey, carrying out a computer maneuverability path before and after immersion of upper limb in cold water (8<!--> <!-->°C); before and after exposure to heat (hair-dryer). The skin temperature (hand and forearm) perceptive scales (thermal sensation and comfort, effort, pain) were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Conditions did not significantly impact mean test result (Heat<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->+5.3 boxes; Cold<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−6.3 boxes; NS) but some subject were highly impacted with cold condition. A slight downward trend was observed for the cold and a slight upward for the heat. The cold and heat influenced the both hand and forearm skin temperature, the thermal sensation and the thermal comfort of the players in contrast to the perception of effort and pain (hand after Heat<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->+5.9°3.9<!--> <!-->°C, hand after Cold<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−11°1.4<!--> <!-->°C; forearm after Heat<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->+1.9°1.0<!--> <!-->°C, forearm after Cold<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.6°0.7<!--> <!-->°C; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results suggest that individually, cold condition might affect negatively manual dexterity and performance of some powerchair football players. To put athletes in best playing environment conditions, the instance of powerchair football need to legislate for a minimal ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 638-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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