Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.04.001
P. Philippot , M. Francaux , J.-F. Kaux
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Cognitive responses are an important part of sports performance which may be affected by particular athletes’ characteristics and exercise configuration. Here we investigated whether a single bout of high-intensity short-duration exercise performed by people with different chronotype characteristics differently affects cognitive responses in the acute phase post-exercise performed in the light and dark periods of the day.
Equipment and methods
Twenty-six adult men visited the laboratory twice. One visit was in the morning between 7 am and 10 am, and the other in evening, between 6 pm and 9 pm, alterned and with 48 h apart. They performed cognitive tests before and after a high-intensity short-duration exercise including continuous jump landing exercise. During the exercise, we determine the jump height and power output. Individual responses to the morning-evening questionnaire estimated the individual chronotype. Data were compared between pre- and post-exercise and between the different times of the day.
Results
While both morning and evening individuals achieved better results in the evening, the evening chronotype positively correlated with performance in the evening.
Conclusion
High-intensity short-duration exercise affects cognitive performance depending on daytime but not individual chronotype. We suggest that professionals in sports medicine could benefit from our results when designing protocols for performance assessment.
Objectifs
Les réponses cognitives sont une partie importante de la performance sportive qui peut être affectée par les caractéristiques particulières des athlètes et la configuration de l’exercice. Ici, nous avons étudié si un seul exercice d’exercice de courte durée à haute intensité effectué par des personnes présentant différentes caractéristiques de chronotype affecte différemment les réponses cognitives dans la phase aiguë après l’exercice effectué dans les périodes claires et sombres de la journée.
Matériel et méthodes
Vingt-six hommes adultes ont participé deux fois à l’étude, le matin entre 7 h et 10 h, et le soir, entre 18 h et 21 h, en alternance avec 48 h d’intervalle. Ils ont effectué des tests cognitifs avant et après une séance d’exercices de courte durée à haute intensité, y compris un exercice d’atterrissage en saut continu. Pendant l’exercice, nous déterminons la hauteur de saut et la puissance de sortie. Les réponses individuelles au questionnaire matin-soir ont estimé le chronotype individuel. Les données ont été comparées avant et après l’exercice et entre les différents moments de la journée.
Résultats
Alors que les individus du matin et du soir obtenaient de meilleurs résultats le soir, le chronotype du soir était positivement corrélé avec la performance du soir.
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Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.005
L. Mattar, R. Hadla, R. El Atat , T. Abbas , H. Tashani , H. Harb
Objective
This prospective study is to evaluate the nutritional knowledge of recreational marathon runners before and after a mixed-method nutrition education intervention. The participants of this study were recruited from the “542 Training Program” of the Beirut Marathon Organization in Lebanon.
Equipment and methods
To assess their knowledge on sports nutrition, the participants filled out an online self-administered survey pre- and post-intervention. The interventions, over a 5-month period, were constituted of counselling sessions, booth trainings, health seminars, and dissemination of key messages through email letters and social media posts.
Results
The present study revealed an increase in nutritional knowledge, specifically the importance of nutrition in running exercises, practices across the stages of running, and types and sources of food, among participants after the interventions.
Conclusion
Nutritional knowledge is of quite importance in improving performance among recreational marathon runners. Future studies are needed to create validated nutritional knowledge assessment methods that improve dietary habits and outcomes among recreational runners.
Objectifs
Cette étude prospective vise à évaluer les connaissances nutritionnelles des marathoniens amateurs avant et après une intervention d’éducation nutritionnelle à méthodes mixtes. Les participants à cette étude ont été recrutés dans le cadre du « Programme de formation 542 » de l’Organisation du Marathon de Beyrouth au Liban.
Méthodes
Pour évaluer leurs connaissances en nutrition du sportif, les participants ont rempli une enquête auto-administrée en ligne avant et après l’intervention. Les interventions, sur une période de 5 mois, comprenaient des séances de conseil, des formations sur place en présentiel, des séminaires sur la santé ainsi que la diffusion de messages clés par le biais de lettres électroniques, d’infographies, et de publications sur les réseaux sociaux.
Résultats
Une amélioration des connaissances nutritionnelles a été observée après les interventions, en particulier sur l’importance de la nutrition pour les courses de longue distance, les pratiques pendant les différentes étapes de la compétition et les types et sources d’aliments.
Conclusions
Les connaissances nutritionnelles sont très importantes pour améliorer les performances des marathoniens amateurs. Des études futures sont nécessaires pour créer des méthodes validées d’évaluation des connaissances nutritionnelles qui améliorent les habitudes alimentaires chez les coureurs de longue distance.
{"title":"Nutrition knowledge of recreational marathon runners: Effect of a mixed-methods nutrition education intervention","authors":"L. Mattar, R. Hadla, R. El Atat , T. Abbas , H. Tashani , H. Harb","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This prospective study is to evaluate the nutritional knowledge of recreational marathon runners before and after a mixed-method nutrition education intervention. The participants of this study were recruited from the “542 Training Program” of the Beirut Marathon Organization in Lebanon.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>To assess their knowledge on sports nutrition, the participants filled out an online self-administered survey pre- and post-intervention. The interventions, over a 5-month period, were constituted of counselling sessions, booth trainings, health seminars, and dissemination of key messages through email letters and social media posts.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The present study revealed an increase in nutritional knowledge, specifically the importance of nutrition in running exercises, practices across the stages of running, and types and sources of food, among participants after the interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Nutritional knowledge is of quite importance in improving performance among recreational marathon runners. Future studies are needed to create validated nutritional knowledge assessment methods that improve dietary habits and outcomes among recreational runners.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Cette étude prospective vise à évaluer les connaissances nutritionnelles des marathoniens amateurs avant et après une intervention d’éducation nutritionnelle à méthodes mixtes. Les participants à cette étude ont été recrutés dans le cadre du « Programme de formation 542 » de l’Organisation du Marathon de Beyrouth au Liban.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Pour évaluer leurs connaissances en nutrition du sportif, les participants ont rempli une enquête auto-administrée en ligne avant et après l’intervention. Les interventions, sur une période de 5 mois, comprenaient des séances de conseil, des formations sur place en présentiel, des séminaires sur la santé ainsi que la diffusion de messages clés par le biais de lettres électroniques, d’infographies, et de publications sur les réseaux sociaux.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Une amélioration des connaissances nutritionnelles a été observée après les interventions, en particulier sur l’importance de la nutrition pour les courses de longue distance, les pratiques pendant les différentes étapes de la compétition et les types et sources d’aliments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Les connaissances nutritionnelles sont très importantes pour améliorer les performances des marathoniens amateurs. Des études futures sont nécessaires pour créer des méthodes validées d’évaluation des connaissances nutritionnelles qui améliorent les habitudes alimentaires chez les coureurs de longue distance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.009
J.V. Cavalari , A.F. Aguiar , J. Casonatto
Objective
To analyze the inter-individual responsiveness of post-exercise hypotension after a single dose of l-arginine supplementation in hypertensive patients.
Equipment and methods
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. A total of 10 adults, hypertensive and sedentary, were randomly assigned to both experimental groups (placebo and l-arginine). The participants ingested a sachet containing 8 grams of l-arginine or placebo (corn starch). During the experimental sessions, individuals performed 40 min of walking/running on a treadmill at 60–70% of heart rate reserve. After the exercise sessions, blood pressure was measured every 10 min for 60 min.
Results
Considering systolic blood pressure, most participants responded favorably (lowering BP) in the “arginine” experimental arm.
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Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.09.002
W.W. Lin , H. Su , X.Y. Lan , Q.Y. Ni , X.Y. Wang , K.Y. Cui , L. Zhang
Background
The purpose was to compare the effects of a 12-week HIIT and MFOIT on body composition and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in overweight and obese adults.
Methods
Fifty-three physically inactive adults (19 males and 34 females) were randomly assigned: a control group (CON, n = 17), an HIIT group (n = 17) performing 4 × 3 minutes of exercise at 80% VO2max interspersed with 50% VO2max (weeks 1–4) and 90% VO2max interspersed with 60% VO2max (weeks 5–12), and MFOIT (n = 19) performing 40 minutes (weeks 1–4), 50 minutes (weeks 5–8), and 60 minutes (weeks 9–12) of exercise at the intensity that maximizes fat oxidation. Body fat percentage, muscle mass, fat mass, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were assessed at baseline and after the 12-week training period.
Results
(1) The indices of body composition followed a normal distribution and were analyzed using analysis of variance. Both MFOIT and HIIT showed significant time effects on body weight, body fat percentage, and fat mass. (2) The immune indices did not follow a normal distribution, therefore, non-parametric tests were used. No significant intergroup effects were found on the immune indices across all groups, although IL-6 levels were significantly increased after MFOIT. IL-1β levels were significantly higher after both MFOIT and HIIT.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that both HIIT and MFOIT are effective in reducing body fat and body fat percentage, thus improving body composition. Additionally, MFOIT significantly increased IL-6 concentration compared to HIIT, potentially due to differences in exercise duration.
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number
ChiCTR1900022315 (registration date: 4 April 2019).
Contexte
L’objectif était de comparer les effets d’un HIIT et d’un MFOIT d’une durée de 12 semaines sur la composition corporelle et les concentrations d’il-1β, d’il-6 et d’il-10 chez les adultes en surpoids et obèses.
Méthodologie
Cinquante-trois adultes physiquement inactifs (19 hommes et 34 femmes) ont été répartis au hasard : un groupe témoin (CON, n = 17), un groupe HIIT (n = 17) effectuant 4, 3 minutes d’exercice à 80 % de VO2max entremêlées de 50 % de VO2max (semaines 1 à 4) et 90 % de VO2max entremêlées de 60 % de VO2max (semaines 5 à 12), et MFOIT (n = 19) effectuant 40 minutes (semaines 1 à 4), 50 minutes (semaines 5 à 8) et 60 minutes (semaines 9 à 12) d’exercice à une intensité qui maximise l’oxydation des matières grasses. Le pourcentage de graisse corporelle, la masse musculaire, la masse grasse et les niveaux d’il-1β, d’il-6 et d’il-10 ont été évalués au début et après la période d’entraînement
{"title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and maximum fat oxidation intensity training (MFOIT) on body composition, inflammation in overweight and obese adults","authors":"W.W. Lin , H. Su , X.Y. Lan , Q.Y. Ni , X.Y. Wang , K.Y. Cui , L. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The purpose was to compare the effects of a 12-week HIIT and MFOIT on body composition and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in overweight and obese adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifty-three physically inactive adults (19 males and 34 females) were randomly assigned: a control group (CON, <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->17), an HIIT group (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->17) performing 4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->3<!--> <!-->minutes of exercise at 80% VO2max interspersed with 50% VO2max (weeks 1–4) and 90% VO2max interspersed with 60% VO2max (weeks 5–12), and MFOIT (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->19) performing 40<!--> <!-->minutes (weeks 1–4), 50<!--> <!-->minutes (weeks 5–8), and 60<!--> <!-->minutes (weeks 9–12) of exercise at the intensity that maximizes fat oxidation. Body fat percentage, muscle mass, fat mass, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were assessed at baseline and after the 12-week training period.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(1) The indices of body composition followed a normal distribution and were analyzed using analysis of variance. Both MFOIT and HIIT showed significant time effects on body weight, body fat percentage, and fat mass. (2) The immune indices did not follow a normal distribution, therefore, non-parametric tests were used. No significant intergroup effects were found on the immune indices across all groups, although IL-6 levels were significantly increased after MFOIT. IL-1β levels were significantly higher after both MFOIT and HIIT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrates that both HIIT and MFOIT are effective in reducing body fat and body fat percentage, thus improving body composition. Additionally, MFOIT significantly increased IL-6 concentration compared to HIIT, potentially due to differences in exercise duration.</p></div><div><h3>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number</h3><p>ChiCTR1900022315 (registration date: 4 April 2019).</p></div><div><h3>Contexte</h3><p>L’objectif était de comparer les effets d’un HIIT et d’un MFOIT d’une durée de 12 semaines sur la composition corporelle et les concentrations d’il-1β, d’il-6 et d’il-10 chez les adultes en surpoids et obèses.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodologie</h3><p>Cinquante-trois adultes physiquement inactifs (19 hommes et 34 femmes) ont été répartis au hasard : un groupe témoin (CON, <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->17), un groupe HIIT (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->17) effectuant 4, 3 minutes d’exercice à 80 % de VO2max entremêlées de 50 % de VO2max (semaines 1 à 4) et 90 % de VO2max entremêlées de 60 % de VO2max (semaines 5 à 12), et MFOIT (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->19) effectuant 40 minutes (semaines 1 à 4), 50 minutes (semaines 5 à 8) et 60 minutes (semaines 9 à 12) d’exercice à une intensité qui maximise l’oxydation des matières grasses. Le pourcentage de graisse corporelle, la masse musculaire, la masse grasse et les niveaux d’il-1β, d’il-6 et d’il-10 ont été évalués au début et après la période d’entraînement","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.003
I. Peña-González , M. Henríquez , J.M. Sarabia , M. Moya-Ramón
The aims of this study were to compare the physical performance profile of football players with cerebral palsy (CP), according to their age, consider the sport class (FT1, FT2, and FT3), and analyse the relationship between their age and their physical performance. The physical performance of seventy-five CP football players from the Spanish CP Football National Competition was assessed. A one-way analysis of variance did not reveal physical performance differences between CP football players classified into four age-groups (< 20; 20–29.9; 30–34.9; > 35vyears). The Pearson's correlation analysis did not show a correlation between players’ physical performance and their age, except for dribbling ability in the overall sample (r = 0.25; P = 0.037). The linear regression analysis showed that the age only predicted the dribbling ability (β = 0.25; P < 0.05) but with low explained variance (R2 = 0.06). The main finding of the present study reveals no systematic differences in physical performance between CP football players according to their age.
Les objectifs de cette étude étaient (1) de comparer le profil de performance physique des joueurs de football porteurs d’une infirmité motrice cérébrale (IMC), en fonction de leur âge, et en considérant la classe sportive (FT1, FT2 et FT3), et (2) d’analyser la relation entre leur âge et leur performance physique. Les performances physiques de soixante-quinze joueurs de football avec IMC participant à la compétition nationale espagnole de football ont été évaluées. Une analyse unidirectionnelle de la variance n’a pas révélé de différences de performances physiques entre les joueurs de football IMC classés en quatre catégories d’âge (< 20 ; 20–29,9 ; 30–34,9 ; > 35 ans). L’analyse de corrélation de Pearson n’a pas montré de corrélation entre les performances physiques des joueurs et leur âge, à l’exception de la capacité de dribble dans l’échantillon global (r = 0,25 ; p = 0,037). L’analyse de régression linéaire a montré que l’âge ne prédisait que la capacité de dribbler (β = 0,25 ; p < 0,05) mais avec une faible variance expliquée (R2 = 0,06). Le principal message de cette étude est que pour les tranches d’âge considérées, il n’existe aucun effet détectable de l’âge sur les performances physiques des joueurs de football IMC.
{"title":"Age does not influence the physical performance of football players with cerebral palsy","authors":"I. Peña-González , M. Henríquez , J.M. Sarabia , M. Moya-Ramón","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aims of this study were to compare the physical performance profile of football players with cerebral palsy (CP), according to their age, consider the sport class (FT1, FT2, and FT3), and analyse the relationship between their age and their physical performance. The physical performance of seventy-five CP football players from the Spanish CP Football National Competition was assessed. A one-way analysis of variance did not reveal physical performance differences between CP football players classified into four age-groups (<<!--> <!-->20; 20–29.9; 30–34.9;<!--> <!-->><!--> <!-->35vyears). The Pearson's correlation analysis did not show a correlation between players’ physical performance and their age, except for dribbling ability in the overall sample (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.25; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.037). The linear regression analysis showed that the age only predicted the dribbling ability (β<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.25; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) but with low explained variance (R<sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.06). The main finding of the present study reveals no systematic differences in physical performance between CP football players according to their age.</p></div><div><p>Les objectifs de cette étude étaient (1) de comparer le profil de performance physique des joueurs de football porteurs d’une infirmité motrice cérébrale (IMC), en fonction de leur âge, et en considérant la classe sportive (FT1, FT2 et FT3), et (2) d’analyser la relation entre leur âge et leur performance physique. Les performances physiques de soixante-quinze joueurs de football avec IMC participant à la compétition nationale espagnole de football ont été évaluées. Une analyse unidirectionnelle de la variance n’a pas révélé de différences de performances physiques entre les joueurs de football IMC classés en quatre catégories d’âge (<<!--> <!-->20 ; 20–29,9 ; 30–34,9 ;<!--> <!-->><!--> <!-->35 ans). L’analyse de corrélation de Pearson n’a pas montré de corrélation entre les performances physiques des joueurs et leur âge, à l’exception de la capacité de dribble dans l’échantillon global (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0,25 ; <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0,037). L’analyse de régression linéaire a montré que l’âge ne prédisait que la capacité de dribbler (β<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0,25 ; <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05) mais avec une faible variance expliquée (R2<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0,06). Le principal message de cette étude est que pour les tranches d’âge considérées, il n’existe aucun effet détectable de l’âge sur les performances physiques des joueurs de football IMC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0765159724000480/pdfft?md5=8674e46bd1127da5f9b88313ecd2e1d9&pid=1-s2.0-S0765159724000480-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.006
R. Berengüí , S. Angosto , A. Hernández-Ruiz , M. Rueda-Flores , M.A. Castejón
Objective
Conduct a systematic review to analyse the assessment of body image perception and risk of developing eating disorders, as a consequence of the practice of aesthetic sports.
News
The procedures of this review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, SportDiscus (EBSCO) and PsycInfo (Ovid). Twenty-five academic studies have evaluated the perception of body image and the incidence of eating disorders in aesthetic sports. Rhythmic gymnastics is the most analysed sport modality; 80.0% of studies were conducted only with women, and the most studied group of athletes are adolescents (61%). Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitudes Test-26 were the most frequently used instruments. In all research, aesthetic sports athletes were found to have disordered eating attitudes and behaviours and therefore at risk of developing eating disorders. In the majority of research on body image perception, athletes showed body dissatisfaction.
Conclusion
Aesthetic sports athletes analysed are at risk of developing eating disorders and are dissatisfied with their body image, as well as having a higher risk of developing eating disorders and greater body dissatisfaction with respect to athletes of sports where aesthetics is not as relevant. Rhythmic gymnastics is the most studied sport modality, and the female gender is the most analysed. The EAT-26 is the instrument most frequently used to assess ED, and BSQ test for assessment of body image.
Objectif
Effectuer une revue systématique pour évaluer la perception de l’image corporelle et le risque de développer des troubles alimentaires, comme conséquence de la pratique des sports esthétiques.
Actualités
Les méthodes mises en œuvre dans cette étude ont suivi les directives PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Quatre bases de données électroniques ont été consultées : MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, SportDiscuss (EBSCO) et PsycInfo (Ovid). Vingt-cinq études ont évalué la perception de l’image corporelle et l’incidence de troubles alimentaires dans les sports esthétiques. La gymnastique rythmique est la modalité sportive la plus analysée ;80 :% des études ont été menées uniquement auprès de femmes, et la classe d’âge la plus étudiée est celle des adolescents (61 %). Le Body Shape Questionnaire et le Eating Attitudes Test-26 sont les instruments les plus fréquemment utilisés. Dans toutes les études, on a constaté que les athlètes de sports à composante esthétique avaient des attitudes et des comportements alimentaires désordonnés et risquaient donc de développer des troubles de l’alimentation. Dans la majorité des études sur la perception de l’image corporelle, les athlètes ont montré une insatisfaction corporelle
{"title":"Body image and eating disorders in aesthetic sports: A systematic review of assessment and risk","authors":"R. Berengüí , S. Angosto , A. Hernández-Ruiz , M. Rueda-Flores , M.A. Castejón","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Conduct a systematic review to analyse the assessment of body image perception and risk of developing eating disorders, as a consequence of the practice of aesthetic sports.</p></div><div><h3>News</h3><p>The procedures of this review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, SportDiscus (EBSCO) and PsycInfo (Ovid). Twenty-five academic studies have evaluated the perception of body image and the incidence of eating disorders in aesthetic sports. Rhythmic gymnastics is the most analysed sport modality; 80.0% of studies were conducted only with women, and the most studied group of athletes are adolescents (61%). Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitudes Test-26 were the most frequently used instruments. In all research, aesthetic sports athletes were found to have disordered eating attitudes and behaviours and therefore at risk of developing eating disorders. In the majority of research on body image perception, athletes showed body dissatisfaction.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Aesthetic sports athletes analysed are at risk of developing eating disorders and are dissatisfied with their body image, as well as having a higher risk of developing eating disorders and greater body dissatisfaction with respect to athletes of sports where aesthetics is not as relevant. Rhythmic gymnastics is the most studied sport modality, and the female gender is the most analysed. The EAT-26 is the instrument most frequently used to assess ED, and BSQ test for assessment of body image.</p></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><p>Effectuer une revue systématique pour évaluer la perception de l’image corporelle et le risque de développer des troubles alimentaires, comme conséquence de la pratique des sports esthétiques.</p></div><div><h3>Actualités</h3><p>Les méthodes mises en œuvre dans cette étude ont suivi les directives PRISMA (<em>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses</em>). Quatre bases de données électroniques ont été consultées : MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, SportDiscuss (EBSCO) et PsycInfo (Ovid). Vingt-cinq études ont évalué la perception de l’image corporelle et l’incidence de troubles alimentaires dans les sports esthétiques. La gymnastique rythmique est la modalité sportive la plus analysée ;80 :% des études ont été menées uniquement auprès de femmes, et la classe d’âge la plus étudiée est celle des adolescents (61 %). Le <em>Body Shape Questionnaire</em> et le <em>Eating Attitudes Test-26</em> sont les instruments les plus fréquemment utilisés. Dans toutes les études, on a constaté que les athlètes de sports à composante esthétique avaient des attitudes et des comportements alimentaires désordonnés et risquaient donc de développer des troubles de l’alimentation. Dans la majorité des études sur la perception de l’image corporelle, les athlètes ont montré une insatisfaction corporelle","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.08.003
M. Baghban Baghdadabadi , H. Sadeghi , M. Eghbal Behbahani , S.E. Kassaian , M. Nejatian , S. Shirani
Objectives
Cardiac rehabilitation programs are used as therapeutic and rehabilitation programs after myocardial infarction and angioplasty in order to reduce cardiovascular disease mortality since different training methods and gender differences have unique effects on the structural and functional responses of the cardiovascular system.
Equipment and methods
Sixty men and women with coronary artery disease who underwent angioplasty were randomly divided into two groups of experiment (concurrent training and control group) in this prospective and semi-laboratory research with a pre- and post-test design. Forty minutes of aerobic training based on ACSM instructions (three sessions a week for eight weeks) and then twenty minutes of resistance training (two sessions a week) were performed in the training group in order to rehabilitate the patients.
Results
No significant difference was observed between the two genders in the effectiveness of concurrent training on the selected variables of blood and vascular biomechanics in the left femoral artery (especially on the resting lumen diameter in the systolic [P = 0.22] and diastolic phases [P = 0.43]). A global effect of concurrent training was observed, resulting in an increase in the resting lumen diameter in the systolic and diastolic phases (P < 0.001). No interaction effect was reported on artery compliance (P = 0.69), blood flow intensity (P = 0.85), and intima-media thickness to resting lumen diameter ratio (P = 0.56) and the decrease in the variables of blood flow velocity (P = 0.93, P = 0.73) and blood pressure (P = 0.78, P = 0.81) in the systolic and diastolic phases of the left femoral artery.
Conclusions
Using the beneficial effects of concurrent training with appropriate intensity and duration is recommended in middle-aged (40–65 years old) male and female patients after coronary artery angioplasty in order to improve the variables of blood and vascular biomechanics.
Objectifs
Les programmes de réadaptation cardiaque sont utilisés comme programmes thérapeutiques et de réadaptation après un infarctus du myocarde et une angioplastie, afin de réduire la mortalité par maladie cardiovasculaire. Cependant, les différentes méthodes d’entraînement et les différences entre les sexes ont des effets particuliers sur les réponses structurelles et fonctionnelles du système cardiovasculaire.
Matériel et méthodes
Pour cette recherche, soixante hommes et femmes atteints d’une maladie coronarienne et ayant subi une angioplastie ont été répartis de manière aléatoire en deux groupes expérimentaux (groupe d’entraînement combiné et gr
{"title":"The effect of concurrent training on the selected variables of blood and vascular biomechanics in patients after coronary artery angioplasty with an emphasis on gender","authors":"M. Baghban Baghdadabadi , H. Sadeghi , M. Eghbal Behbahani , S.E. Kassaian , M. Nejatian , S. Shirani","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Cardiac rehabilitation programs are used as therapeutic and rehabilitation programs after myocardial infarction and angioplasty in order to reduce cardiovascular disease mortality since different training methods and gender differences have unique effects on the structural and functional responses of the cardiovascular system.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>Sixty men and women with coronary artery disease who underwent angioplasty were randomly divided into two groups of experiment (concurrent training and control group) in this prospective and semi-laboratory research with a pre- and post-test design. Forty minutes of aerobic training based on ACSM instructions (three sessions a week for eight weeks) and then twenty minutes of resistance training (two sessions a week) were performed in the training group in order to rehabilitate the patients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No significant difference was observed between the two genders in the effectiveness of concurrent training on the selected variables of blood and vascular biomechanics in the left femoral artery (especially on the resting lumen diameter in the systolic [<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.22] and diastolic phases [<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.43]). A global effect of concurrent training was observed, resulting in an increase in the resting lumen diameter in the systolic and diastolic phases (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). No interaction effect was reported on artery compliance (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.69), blood flow intensity (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.85), and intima-media thickness to resting lumen diameter ratio (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.56) and the decrease in the variables of blood flow velocity (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.93, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.73) and blood pressure (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.78, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.81) in the systolic and diastolic phases of the left femoral artery.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Using the beneficial effects of concurrent training with appropriate intensity and duration is recommended in middle-aged (40–65 years old) male and female patients after coronary artery angioplasty in order to improve the variables of blood and vascular biomechanics.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Les programmes de réadaptation cardiaque sont utilisés comme programmes thérapeutiques et de réadaptation après un infarctus du myocarde et une angioplastie, afin de réduire la mortalité par maladie cardiovasculaire. Cependant, les différentes méthodes d’entraînement et les différences entre les sexes ont des effets particuliers sur les réponses structurelles et fonctionnelles du système cardiovasculaire.</p></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><p>Pour cette recherche, soixante hommes et femmes atteints d’une maladie coronarienne et ayant subi une angioplastie ont été répartis de manière aléatoire en deux groupes expérimentaux (groupe d’entraînement combiné et gr","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.08.004
F. Noora , S. Nayebifar , E. Ghasemi , S. Nosratzehi
Objectives
Diet and regular exercise can control blood pressure by producing adrenomedullin. This study examined the impact of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and supplementation with Nasturtium officinale on serum adrenomedullin levels and blood pressure in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Patients and methods
A randomized clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design was performed. Forty subclinical hypothyroid patients, both male and female, with an average age of 30.50 ± 6.41 years and a mean weight of 73.20 ± 6.48 kg were recruited using purposive sampling. The patients were randomized into four groups of equal size: training, training + supplement, supplement, and control (n = 10 per group). The supplement-consuming groups received 500 mg of Nasturtium officinale extract daily, whereas the training groups participated in three interval training sessions at 90–95 percent MHR intensity for eight weeks. The participants’ adrenomedullin and blood pressure levels were measured before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 using analysis of covariance, Tukey's post hoc test, and paired t-test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.
Results
All three experimental groups (training, training + supplement, and supplement) experienced a significant increase in adrenomedullin concentration (P > 0.001) and a significant decrease in systolic (P > 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P > 0.001) after eight weeks of intense interval training and Nasturtium officinale supplementation. The average changes of these indices in the exercise + supplement group were comparable to those in other experimental groups (P ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, eight weeks of intense interval training and Nasturtium officinale supplementation likely cause vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism by increasing adrenomedullin synthesis. This investigation revealed no synergistic effects of exercise and Nasturtium officinale supplementation on ADM and blood pressure indices.
Objectifs
. Un régime alimentaire et des exercices réguliers peuvent contrôler la tension artérielle en produisant de l’adrénomédulline. Cette étude a examiné l’impact de huit semaines d’entraînement par intervalles à haute intensité et de supplémentation avec Nasturtium officinale sur les taux sériques d’adrénomédulline et la pression artérielle chez des patients souffrant d’hypothyroïdie subclinique.
{"title":"Beneficial effect of Nasturtium officinale and high intensity interval training on serum adrenomedullin and blood pressure in subclinical hypothyroidism: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"F. Noora , S. Nayebifar , E. Ghasemi , S. Nosratzehi","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Diet and regular exercise can control blood pressure by producing adrenomedullin. This study examined the impact of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and supplementation with Nasturtium officinale on serum adrenomedullin levels and blood pressure in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>A randomized clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design was performed. Forty subclinical hypothyroid patients, both male and female, with an average age of 30.50<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->6.41 years and a mean weight of 73.20<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->6.48<!--> <!-->kg were recruited using purposive sampling. The patients were randomized into four groups of equal size: training, training<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->supplement, supplement, and control (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->10 per group). The supplement-consuming groups received 500<!--> <!-->mg of Nasturtium officinale extract daily, whereas the training groups participated in three interval training sessions at 90–95 percent MHR intensity for eight weeks. The participants’ adrenomedullin and blood pressure levels were measured before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 using analysis of covariance, Tukey's post hoc test, and paired t-test. The significance level was set at <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All three experimental groups (training, training<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->supplement, and supplement) experienced a significant increase in adrenomedullin concentration (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.001) and a significant decrease in systolic (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.001) after eight weeks of intense interval training and Nasturtium officinale supplementation. The average changes of these indices in the exercise<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->supplement group were comparable to those in other experimental groups (<em>P</em> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on the findings of this study, eight weeks of intense interval training and Nasturtium officinale supplementation likely cause vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism by increasing adrenomedullin synthesis. This investigation revealed no synergistic effects of exercise and Nasturtium officinale supplementation on ADM and blood pressure indices.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>. Un régime alimentaire et des exercices réguliers peuvent contrôler la tension artérielle en produisant de l’adrénomédulline. Cette étude a examiné l’impact de huit semaines d’entraînement par intervalles à haute intensité et de supplémentation avec Nasturtium officinale sur les taux sériques d’adrénomédulline et la pression artérielle chez des patients souffrant d’hypothyroïdie subclinique.</p></div><div><h3>Patients et methods</h3><p>Un essai clinique randomisé avec un","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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