Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.04.005
T. Aytac , F. Esatbeyoglu , A. Kin-Isler
Aims
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a heavy back-squat exercise on change of direction performance.
Methods
Eighteen male team sports athletes (age 23.6 ± 3.3y) performed T-test and 505 Test in consecutive sessions with and without heavy back-squat exercise applied as three sets of three repetitions at 90% of 1 RM as a conditioning activity in a randomized order. Change of direction tests were repeated at time intervals of 15 seconds, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 15 minutes after those two different conditions.
Results
In 505 Test, no significant condition effect, time effect or condition–time interaction were found (P > 0.05). In T-test, there was no significant condition effect (P > 0.05); however, time effect and condition × time interaction were significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that the conditioning activity applied to elicit post-activation performance enhancement did not have any significant effect on 505 Test; on the contrary, in T-Test, the conditioning activity led to fatigue, rather than a potentiation effect.
Objectif
Étudier les effets précis d’un exercice de squat-arrière lourd sur les performances de changement de direction.
Matériels et méthodes
Dix-huit athlètes masculins de sports d’équipe (âgés de 23,6 ± 3,3 ans) ont exécuté des tests-T et des tests 505 au cours de séances consécutives avec et sans l’exercice de back-squat lourd appliqué en trois séries de trois répétitions à 90 % de 1 RM comme activité de conditionnement dans un ordre aléatoire. Les tests de changement de direction ont été répétés à des intervalles de temps de 15 secondes, 2, 4, 8, 12 et 15 minutes après ces deux conditions différentes.
Résultats
Dans le test 505, aucun effet significatif de la condition, du temps ou de l’interaction condition–temps n’a été trouvé (p > 0,05). Dans le test T, il n’y avait pas d’effet significatif de la condition (p > 0,05) ; cependant, l’effet du temps et l’interaction condition × temps étaient significatifs (p < 0,05).
Conclusion
Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que l’activité de conditionnement appliquée pour susciter l’amélioration de la performance post-activation n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur le test 505 ; au contraire, l’activité de conditionnement a conduit à de la fatigue, plutôt qu’à un effet de potentialisation.
{"title":"Post-activation performance enhancement on change of direction speed: Effects of heavy back-squat exercise","authors":"T. Aytac , F. Esatbeyoglu , A. Kin-Isler","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a heavy back-squat exercise on change of direction performance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighteen male team sports athletes (age 23.6<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.3y) performed T-test and 505 Test in consecutive sessions with and without heavy back-squat exercise applied as three sets of three repetitions at 90% of 1 RM as a conditioning activity in a randomized order. Change of direction tests were repeated at time intervals of 15<!--> <!-->seconds, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 15<!--> <!-->minutes after those two different conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In 505 Test, no significant condition effect, time effect or condition–time interaction were found (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05). In T-test, there was no significant condition effect (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05); however, time effect and condition × time interaction were significant (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this study showed that the conditioning activity applied to elicit post-activation performance enhancement did not have any significant effect on 505 Test; on the contrary, in T-Test, the conditioning activity led to fatigue, rather than a potentiation effect.</p></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><p>Étudier les effets précis d’un exercice de squat-arrière lourd sur les performances de changement de direction.</p></div><div><h3>Matériels et méthodes</h3><p>Dix-huit athlètes masculins de sports d’équipe (âgés de 23,6<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3,3 ans) ont exécuté des tests-T et des tests 505 au cours de séances consécutives avec et sans l’exercice de back-squat lourd appliqué en trois séries de trois répétitions à 90 % de 1 RM comme activité de conditionnement dans un ordre aléatoire. Les tests de changement de direction ont été répétés à des intervalles de temps de 15 secondes, 2, 4, 8, 12 et 15<!--> <!-->minutes après ces deux conditions différentes.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Dans le test 505, aucun effet significatif de la condition, du temps ou de l’interaction condition–temps n’a été trouvé (<em>p</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0,05). Dans le test T, il n’y avait pas d’effet significatif de la condition (<em>p</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0,05) ; cependant, l’effet du temps et l’interaction condition × temps étaient significatifs (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que l’activité de conditionnement appliquée pour susciter l’amélioration de la performance post-activation n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur le test 505 ; au contraire, l’activité de conditionnement a conduit à de la fatigue, plutôt qu’à un effet de potentialisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.005
N.L. Gervazoni , C.M. Pastre , L.C.M. Vanderlei
{"title":"Assessing the post-exercise recovery period through isolated outcomes is ideal?","authors":"N.L. Gervazoni , C.M. Pastre , L.C.M. Vanderlei","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.005
X. Liu, Y. Xu, X. Mu, J. Shen
Aims
As one of the intermittent fasting dietary strategies, Time Restricted Feeding (TRF) has received attention in recent years. However, the relationship between TRF and physical activity is unclear. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the effects of TRF dietary strategies on body weight and other anthropometric parameters in physically active individuals. The English literature in the PubMed database were searched and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Methods and results
Ultimately, 6 studies were included for meta-analysis. All studies were 16/8 TRF protocol, and the duration was 4–10 weeks. The study found that after the intervention, compared with the control group (normal diet), the participants had a significant decrease in body mass (MD: –3.08; 95% CI: –5.29 to –0.86; P = 0.006; I2: 0%) and fat mass (MD: –1.79; 95% CI: –2.61 to –0.97; P < 0.0001; I2: 0%), and there was no difference in fat-free mass (MD: –1.04; 95% CI: –3.24 to 1.17; P = 0.36; I2: 0%). TRF intervention also resulted in decreased testosterone levels in participants, but the effect on cortisol and IGF-1 is not clear.
Conclusion
TRF combined with exercise may lead to healthier weight loss, but more experiments are needed to prove whether long-term fasting strategy is effective.
{"title":"The effects of time restricted feeding on weight loss and other changes of anthropometric parameters among physically active individuals","authors":"X. Liu, Y. Xu, X. Mu, J. Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>As one of the intermittent fasting dietary strategies, Time Restricted Feeding (TRF) has received attention in recent years. However, the relationship between TRF and physical activity is unclear. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the effects of TRF dietary strategies on body weight and other anthropometric parameters in physically active individuals. The English literature in the PubMed database were searched and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><p>Ultimately, 6 studies were included for meta-analysis. All studies were 16/8 TRF protocol, and the duration was 4–10 weeks. The study found that after the intervention, compared with the control group (normal diet), the participants had a significant decrease in body mass (MD: –3.08; 95% CI: –5.29 to –0.86; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.006; <em>I</em><sup>2</sup>: 0%) and fat mass (MD: –1.79; 95% CI: –2.61 to –0.97; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.0001; <em>I</em><sup>2</sup>: 0%), and there was no difference in fat-free mass (MD: –1.04; 95% CI: –3.24 to 1.17; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.36; <em>I</em><sup>2</sup><span>: 0%). TRF intervention also resulted in decreased testosterone levels in participants, but the effect on cortisol and IGF-1 is not clear.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>TRF combined with exercise may lead to healthier weight loss, but more experiments are needed to prove whether long-term fasting strategy is effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124802115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.007
D. Marqués-Jiménez , J. Calleja-González , I. Arratibel-Imaz , M.T. Jones , N. Terrados
Objectives
Limited research exists concerning how Repeated-Sprint Ability (RSA) performance is impaired and recovered after match-induced loads. The aim of the current study was to describe the effect of post-match acute and residual fatigue on RSA in male semi-professional soccer players.
Equipment and methods
The day before a friendly match, players performed the 7 × 34.2 m Bangsbo RSA Test, which was repeated immediately post-, at 24 hours (h) and 48 h post-match. Internal and external match loads were also monitored during the match.
Results
Post-match acute fatigue was reflected in significant impairments in the worst sprint time, the best sprint time, and the mean of the sprint times, but not in fatigue indexes (p < 0.05). Small and non-significant impairments in RSA-derived indices were evident at 24 h post-match (p < 0.05), indicating that a 24 h period was sufficient to recover from post-match residual fatigue. Moreover, RSA performance at post-match and during recovery may be specifically affected by decelerations (p < 0.05). In summary, this study indicates that acute match-induced fatigue may be reflected in marked impairment in RSA performance immediately post-match, while residual match-induced fatigue does not impair RSA performance during the recovery period.
Objectifs
Il existe peu de recherches sur la façon dont la performance de la capacité à répéter des sprints (CRS) est altérée et récupérée après des charges induites par un match. L’objectif de la présente étude était de décrire l’effet de la fatigue aiguë et résiduelle après le match sur la CRS chez des joueurs de football semi-professionnels masculins.
Matériel et méthodes
La veille d’un match amical, les joueurs ont effectué le Bangsbo test (7 × 34,2 m), qui a été répété immédiatement après, à 24 heures (h) et 48 h après le match. Les charges internes et externes du match ont également été monitorisées pendant le match.
Résultats
La fatigue aiguë après le match s’est traduite par des différences significatives dans le plus bas temps de sprint, du meilleur temps de sprint et de la moyenne des temps de sprint, mais pas dans l’indice de fatigue (p < 0,05). Nous avons trouvé de petites différences mais non significatives au niveau des paramètres de la CRS 24 h après le match (p < 0,05), ceci indique qu’une période de 24 h était suffisante pour récupérer de la fatigue résiduelle après le match. De plus, la performance de la CRS après le match et pendant la récupération peut être spécifiquement affectée par les décélérations (p < 0,05). En résu
{"title":"Effect of acute and residual match-induced fatigue on repeated sprint ability in soccer players","authors":"D. Marqués-Jiménez , J. Calleja-González , I. Arratibel-Imaz , M.T. Jones , N. Terrados","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Limited research exists concerning how Repeated-Sprint Ability (RSA) performance is impaired and recovered after match-induced loads. The aim of the current study was to describe the effect of post-match acute and residual fatigue on RSA in male semi-professional soccer players.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>The day before a friendly match, players performed the 7<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->34.2<!--> <!-->m Bangsbo RSA Test, which was repeated immediately post-, at 24<!--> <!-->hours (h) and 48<!--> <!-->h post-match. Internal and external match loads were also monitored during the match.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Post-match acute fatigue was reflected in significant impairments in the worst sprint time, the best sprint time, and the mean of the sprint times, but not in fatigue indexes (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Small and non-significant impairments in RSA-derived indices were evident at 24<!--> <!-->h post-match (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), indicating that a 24<!--> <!-->h period was sufficient to recover from post-match residual fatigue. Moreover, RSA performance at post-match and during recovery may be specifically affected by decelerations (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). In summary, this study indicates that acute match-induced fatigue may be reflected in marked impairment in RSA performance immediately post-match, while residual match-induced fatigue does not impair RSA performance during the recovery period.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Il existe peu de recherches sur la façon dont la performance de la capacité à répéter des sprints (CRS) est altérée et récupérée après des charges induites par un match. L’objectif de la présente étude était de décrire l’effet de la fatigue aiguë et résiduelle après le match sur la CRS chez des joueurs de football semi-professionnels masculins.</p></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><p>La veille d’un match amical, les joueurs ont effectué le Bangsbo test (7<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->34,2<!--> <!-->m), qui a été répété immédiatement après, à 24<!--> <!-->heures (h) et 48<!--> <!-->h après le match. Les charges internes et externes du match ont également été monitorisées pendant le match.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>La fatigue aiguë après le match s’est traduite par des différences significatives dans le plus bas temps de sprint, du meilleur temps de sprint et de la moyenne des temps de sprint, mais pas dans l’indice de fatigue (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05). Nous avons trouvé de petites différences mais non significatives au niveau des paramètres de la CRS 24<!--> <!-->h après le match (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05), ceci indique qu’une période de 24<!--> <!-->h était suffisante pour récupérer de la fatigue résiduelle après le match. De plus, la performance de la CRS après le match et pendant la récupération peut être spécifiquement affectée par les décélérations (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05). En résu","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.11.005
H. Fernandes
{"title":"An energy intake proposal for high-performance youth soccer players based on their distance covered around on the matches","authors":"H. Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121511058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.12.010
S. Villanueva , L.M. Trujillo , K. Sadarangani , A. von Oetinger
Objectives
The objective of this research is to explore the influence of different exercise protocols on fat oxidation.
Design
Uncontrolled experimental study.
Methods
For this purpose, 10 sedentary male subjects were recruited, 30 to 39 years old, with elevated body mass index (BMI). Each participant was evaluated in four separate sessions. The first session consisted in determining peak aerobic power (PAP). The following sessions participants performed three equivalent exercise protocols, consisting of each one in three bouts of 15-minute exercise separated by 5 minutes of rest in between. The constant intensity protocol included exercise periods at 55% of PAP, while the other two (increasing and decreasing intensity protocols) consisted in exercise periods at 40, 55 and 70% of PAP in an increasing or decreasing order respectively.
Results
There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in total caloric expenditure among the three protocols (range: 5.9 ± 0.2 to 6.1 ± 0.2 kcal·kg−1). DIP causes a progressive increase in fat oxidation comparative to IIP and CIP protocols (P < 0.01). In period third of the protocols, DIP oxidized significantly more fat than the other two. The perception of effort was significantly lower in the DIP compared to the other two protocols (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Fat oxidation in exercises at intervals of different intensity depends on the order of these periods, being greater when performed decreasingly, as well as the perception of effort, being more useful for sedentary subjects with high BMI.
Objectifs
L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer l’influence de différents protocoles d’exercice sur l’oxydation des graisses.
Conception
Étude expérimentale non contrôlée.
Méthodes
Pour cela, dix sujets masculins sédentaires ont été recrutés, âgés de 30 à 39 ans, avec un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) élevé. Chaque participant a été évalué en quatre sessions distinctes. La première séance consistait à déterminer la puissance aérobie maximale (PAP). Les participants aux sessions suivantes ont exécuté trois protocoles d’exercices équivalents, consistant chacun en trois séances d’exercice de 15 minutes séparées par 5 minutes de repos entre les deux. Le protocole à intensité constante comprenait des périodes d’exercice à 55 % de PAP, tandis que les deux autres (protocoles à intensité croissante et décroissante) consistaient en des périodes d’exercice à 40, 55 et 70 % de PAP dans un ordre croissant ou décroissant respectivement.
Résultats
Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives (p > 0,05) dans la dépense calorique totale entre
{"title":"Effect of three different protocols of aerobic interval exercise over fat oxidation","authors":"S. Villanueva , L.M. Trujillo , K. Sadarangani , A. von Oetinger","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this research is to explore the influence of different exercise protocols on fat oxidation.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Uncontrolled experimental study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For this purpose, 10 sedentary male subjects were recruited, 30 to 39<!--> <span>years old, with elevated body mass index (BMI). Each participant was evaluated in four separate sessions. The first session consisted in determining peak aerobic power (PAP). The following sessions participants performed three equivalent exercise protocols, consisting of each one in three bouts of 15-minute exercise separated by 5</span> <!-->minutes of rest in between. The constant intensity protocol included exercise periods at 55% of PAP, while the other two (increasing and decreasing intensity protocols) consisted in exercise periods at 40, 55 and 70% of PAP in an increasing or decreasing order respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no significant differences (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05) in total caloric expenditure among the three protocols (range: 5.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.2 to 6.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.2 kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup>). DIP causes a progressive increase in fat oxidation comparative to IIP and CIP protocols (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01). In period third of the protocols, DIP oxidized significantly more fat than the other two. The perception of effort was significantly lower in the DIP compared to the other two protocols (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Fat oxidation in exercises at intervals of different intensity depends on the order of these periods, being greater when performed decreasingly, as well as the perception of effort, being more useful for sedentary subjects with high BMI.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer l’influence de différents protocoles d’exercice sur l’oxydation des graisses.</p></div><div><h3>Conception</h3><p>Étude expérimentale non contrôlée.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Pour cela, dix sujets masculins sédentaires ont été recrutés, âgés de 30 à 39 ans, avec un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) élevé. Chaque participant a été évalué en quatre sessions distinctes. La première séance consistait à déterminer la puissance aérobie maximale (PAP). Les participants aux sessions suivantes ont exécuté trois protocoles d’exercices équivalents, consistant chacun en trois séances d’exercice de 15 minutes séparées par 5 minutes de repos entre les deux. Le protocole à intensité constante comprenait des périodes d’exercice à 55 % de PAP, tandis que les deux autres (protocoles à intensité croissante et décroissante) consistaient en des périodes d’exercice à 40, 55 et 70 % de PAP dans un ordre croissant ou décroissant respectivement.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives (<em>p</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0,05) dans la dépense calorique totale entre","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139302595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.11.006
A.S. Perrotta , C.J. Correa , A.D. Khan , B.D. Day , D.E.R. Warburton , J. Ramos
Introduction
This study examined resting cardiovascular function, when examined immediately before physical testing and its association to maximal cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal performance in female soccer players. Summary of facts and results 21 female soccer players training as part of a collegiate team were participants over a six-month period that included six data collections separated by 30-day intervals. Indices of cardiovascular function included; cardiac output, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure. Maximal cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal performance measures included; vertical jump, lower body power, 5 and 10 m running speed, and the YoYo intermittent recovery test level-1. Simple (r) and multivariable analysis (R2) was utilized to examine the association between cardiovascular function and physical performance measures. Body mass index and body fat (%) were included as covariates. Significant associations using each analysis were observed between; HRV and YoYo performance (r = 0.26; R2 = 0.21, P < 0.05), 10 m speed and mean arterial pressure (r = –0.44; R2 = 0.30, P < 0.001), 5 m speed and systolic blood pressure (r = –0.32; R2 = 0.18, P < 0.01), as well as lower body power and stroke volume (r = 0.50; R2 = 0.42, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Routinely examining resting cardiovascular function can support practitioners in better understanding sport performance attributes in female soccer players.
{"title":"Resting cardiovascular function and athletic performance in female soccer players","authors":"A.S. Perrotta , C.J. Correa , A.D. Khan , B.D. Day , D.E.R. Warburton , J. Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study examined resting cardiovascular function, when examined immediately before physical testing and its association to maximal cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal performance in female soccer players. Summary of facts and results 21 female soccer players training as part of a collegiate team were participants over a six-month period that included six data collections separated by 30-day intervals. Indices of cardiovascular function included; cardiac output, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure. Maximal cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal performance measures included; vertical jump, lower body power, 5 and 10<!--> <!-->m running speed, and the YoYo intermittent recovery test level-1. Simple (<em>r</em>) and multivariable analysis (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>) was utilized to examine the association between cardiovascular function and physical performance measures. Body mass index and body fat (%) were included as covariates. Significant associations using each analysis were observed between; HRV and YoYo performance (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.26; <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.21, <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), 10<!--> <!-->m speed and mean arterial pressure (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->–0.44; <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.30, <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), 5<!--> <!-->m speed and systolic blood pressure (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->–0.32; <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.18, <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), as well as lower body power and stroke volume (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.50; <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.42, <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Routinely examining resting cardiovascular function can support practitioners in better understanding sport performance attributes in female soccer players.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125720804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.07.008
H. Fernandes
{"title":"A carbohydrate recommendation for elite soccer players based on the different weeks of a season","authors":"H. Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133768222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.10.007
K.K. Gao , F.-H. Li , Y.-M. Su , J. Wang , X.-M. Yu , L. Ruan , Y.-Z. Zhang
Objective
Exercise is an effective therapeutic measure for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited patient access to exercise services. This study explores the effects of exercise intervention-based remote monitoring on body composition, glycolipid metabolism, liver function, liver inflammation, and liver steatosis in patients with different grades of NAFLD.
Results
Patients with mild NAFLD, who underwent six months of exercise intervention-based remote monitoring, exhibited reduced controlled attenuation parameter (CAP; P < 0.05), fasting serum insulin (FINS; P < 0.01), ALT (P < 0.05), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT; I < 0.05), and interleukin (IL)-6 (P < 0.01) levels. Additionally, serum FINS (P < 0.05) in moderate cases, and serum TNF-α (P < 0.05) in severe cases were significantly reduced. Moreover, BMI, total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose, FINS, HOMA-R, AST, ALT, γ-GT, ALP, IL-6, TNF-α and CAP levels were reduced in mild, compared with severe, cases (P < 0.05); while TC, AST, γ-GT and CAP were decreased in mild, compared to moderate, cases (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Hence, patients with NAFLD experience improvement in glycolipid metabolism, liver function, inflammation, and liver steatosis following six months of exercise intervention-based remote monitoring, with mild cases exhibiting the greatest benefit.
Objectif
L’exercice est une mesure thérapeutique efficace pour prévenir la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique (NAFLD), cependant, la COVID-19 a limité l’accès des patients à des sites de pratique d’exercices. Cette étude vise à explorer l’intérêt de la surveillance à distance de la prescription d’exercices sur la composition corporelle, le métabolisme des glycolipides, la fonction hépatique, l’inflammation hépatique, et la stéatose hépatique chez les patients avec différents degrés de cette maladie.
Résultats
Des patients présentant une stéatose hépatique non alcoolique (NAFLD) légère, ont subi six mois de surveillance à distance de la pratique d’exercices. Ils ont présenté un niveau réduit de paramètre d’atténuation contrôlé réduit (CAP ; p < 0,05), d’insuline sérique à jeun (FINS ; p < 0,01), d’ALT (p < 0,05), de gamma-glutamine transpeptidase (γ-GT ; I < 0,05), et d’interleukine (IL)-6 (p < 0,01). De plus, le sérum FINS (p < 0,05) dans les cas modérés et le sérum TNF-α (p < 0,05) dans les cas graves ont été significativement réduits. De même, les
{"title":"Impact of exercise intervention-based remote monitoring for patients with different grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity","authors":"K.K. Gao , F.-H. Li , Y.-M. Su , J. Wang , X.-M. Yu , L. Ruan , Y.-Z. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2022.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Exercise is an effective therapeutic measure for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited patient access to exercise services. This study explores the effects of exercise intervention-based remote monitoring on body composition, glycolipid metabolism, liver function, liver inflammation, and liver steatosis in patients with different grades of NAFLD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with mild NAFLD, who underwent six months of exercise intervention-based remote monitoring, exhibited reduced controlled attenuation parameter (CAP; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), fasting serum insulin (FINS; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), ALT (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT; I<!--> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and interleukin (IL)-6 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) levels. Additionally, serum FINS (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) in moderate cases, and serum TNF-α (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <span>0.05) in severe cases were significantly reduced. Moreover, BMI, total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose, FINS, HOMA-R, AST, ALT, γ-GT, ALP, IL-6, TNF-α and CAP levels were reduced in mild, compared with severe, cases (</span><em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05); while TC, AST, γ-GT and CAP were decreased in mild, compared to moderate, cases (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hence, patients with NAFLD experience improvement in glycolipid metabolism, liver function, inflammation, and liver steatosis following six months of exercise intervention-based remote monitoring, with mild cases exhibiting the greatest benefit.</p></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><p>L’exercice est une mesure thérapeutique efficace pour prévenir la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique (NAFLD), cependant, la COVID-19 a limité l’accès des patients à des sites de pratique d’exercices. Cette étude vise à explorer l’intérêt de la surveillance à distance de la prescription d’exercices sur la composition corporelle, le métabolisme des glycolipides, la fonction hépatique, l’inflammation hépatique, et la stéatose hépatique chez les patients avec différents degrés de cette maladie.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Des patients présentant une stéatose hépatique non alcoolique (NAFLD) légère, ont subi six mois de surveillance à distance de la pratique d’exercices. Ils ont présenté un niveau réduit de paramètre d’atténuation contrôlé réduit (CAP ; <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05), d’insuline sérique à jeun (FINS ; <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,01), d’ALT (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <span>0,05), de gamma-glutamine transpeptidase (γ-GT ; I</span> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05), et d’interleukine (IL)-6 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,01). De plus, le sérum FINS (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05) dans les cas modérés et le sérum TNF-α (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,05) dans les cas graves ont été significativement réduits. De même, les ","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.02.001
A. Javaloyes , D. Marinazzo , D. Sanabria , M. Moya-Ramon , J.R. Lillo-Bevia , M. Mateo-March
Objectives
The COVID-19 crisis also affected elite sport severely, as elite athletes either stopped or drastically reduced their training regimen due to the lack of competitions and the mandatory lockdown. The aim of this study was to test whether heart rate variability was a reliable index of training load, which was dramatically altered due to the mandatory lockdown that occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19.
Equipment and methods
Training (volume and intensity) and heart rate variability of sixteen professional male (n = 8; body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.0) and female cyclists (n = 8; body mass index = 20.3 ± 1.1) before (4 weeks), during (7 weeks), and after (4 weeks) the mandatory lockdown in Spain were monitored.
Results
Individual analyses showed that the mandatory lockdown caused reliable reductions in training volume in 13 subjects (–96 to –7% reductions in minutes), that were followed by an increase after the lockdown in all subjects (5 to 270%). In contrast, changes in training load were not homogenous across individuals. Moreover, such changes were not matched by comparable variations in heart rate variability. A mixed model of the heart rate variability as a function of training volume and intensity revealed no significant modulation by these two variables, and subject specific effects on the slope. In this study, we did not find evidence of association between heart rate variability and training load and/or intensity as many previous reports have suggested, even if training conditions changed dramatically overnight.
Objectifs
La crise du COVID-19 a également gravement affecté le sport d’élite, car les athlètes d’élite ont arrêté ou réduit considérablement leur programme d’entraînement en raison du manque de compétitions et du confinement obligatoire. Le but de cette étude était de tester si la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque était un indice fiable de la charge d’entraînement, qui a été considérablement modifiée en raison du confinement obligatoire qui s’est produit à la suite du COVID-19.
Matériel et méthodes
Entraînement (volume et intensité) et variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque de seize cyclistes professionnels hommes (n = 8 ; indice de masse corporelle = 22,2 ± 2,0) et femmes cyclistes (n = 8 ; indice de masse corporelle = 20,3 ± 1,1) avant (4 semaines), pendant (7 semaines) et après (4 semaines) le confinement obligatoire en Espagne ont été surveillés.
Résultats
Les analyses individuelles ont montré que le confinement obligatoire a entraîné des réductions fiables du volume d’entraînement chez 13 sujets (–96 à –7 % de réduction de
{"title":"No evidence of association between HRV and training volume in a pool of professional athletes before, during, and after the first COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"A. Javaloyes , D. Marinazzo , D. Sanabria , M. Moya-Ramon , J.R. Lillo-Bevia , M. Mateo-March","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The COVID-19 crisis also affected elite sport severely, as elite athletes either stopped or drastically reduced their training regimen due to the lack of competitions and the mandatory lockdown. The aim of this study was to test whether heart rate variability was a reliable index of training load, which was dramatically altered due to the mandatory lockdown that occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>Training (volume and intensity) and heart rate variability of sixteen professional male (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8; body mass index<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->22.2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.0) and female cyclists (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8; body mass index<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->20.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.1) before (4 weeks), during (7 weeks), and after (4 weeks) the mandatory lockdown in Spain were monitored.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Individual analyses showed that the mandatory lockdown caused reliable reductions in training volume in 13 subjects (–96 to –7% reductions in minutes), that were followed by an increase after the lockdown in all subjects (5 to 270%). In contrast, changes in training load were not homogenous across individuals. Moreover, such changes were not matched by comparable variations in heart rate variability. A mixed model of the heart rate variability as a function of training volume and intensity revealed no significant modulation by these two variables, and subject specific effects on the slope. In this study, we did not find evidence of association between heart rate variability and training load and/or intensity as many previous reports have suggested, even if training conditions changed dramatically overnight.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>La crise du COVID-19 a également gravement affecté le sport d’élite, car les athlètes d’élite ont arrêté ou réduit considérablement leur programme d’entraînement en raison du manque de compétitions et du confinement obligatoire. Le but de cette étude était de tester si la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque était un indice fiable de la charge d’entraînement, qui a été considérablement modifiée en raison du confinement obligatoire qui s’est produit à la suite du COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><p>Entraînement (volume et intensité) et variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque de seize cyclistes professionnels hommes (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8 ; indice de masse corporelle<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->22,2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2,0) et femmes cyclistes (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8 ; indice de masse corporelle<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->20,3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1,1) avant (4 semaines), pendant (7 semaines) et après (4 semaines) le confinement obligatoire en Espagne ont été surveillés.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Les analyses individuelles ont montré que le confinement obligatoire a entraîné des réductions fiables du volume d’entraînement chez 13 sujets (–96 à –7 % de réduction de","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0765159723001569/pdfft?md5=fef9d93f517ce64408b44395a517e93c&pid=1-s2.0-S0765159723001569-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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