Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.004
L.-A. Corbin-Berrigan , E. Wagnac , S.-A. Vinet , S. Guay , C. Charlebois-Plante , M. Aussant-Bibeau , D. Godin , L. De Beaumont
Aims
Subconcussive head impacts are used in the study of long-term sequelae associated with contact sport, such as football. Impact magnitude thresholds are used by scientists to allow for large-scale data collection and remove impacts of lower magnitude that may be attributed to jumping or running rather than actual head impact. However, it is unclear if below-threshold impacts are indeed all invalid. The aim of this study was to characterize below-threshold head impacts in varsity level football.
Methods
Retrospective video analysis of regular season games was performed during 5 different games on 13 different football players. Below-threshold impacts we coded for mechanism and type of impact as well as play situation. A total of 814 head impacts were analysed and over 18% of them consisted of below-threshold impacts attributed to visible head impacts. Below-threshold impacts ranged in magnitude from 3 to 9 g inclusively.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that below-threshold impacts may indeed be caused by actual head impacts and further studies are warranted to evaluate the physiological meaning of such impacts.
Objectifs
Les impacts sous-commotionnels sont étudiés dans le contexte des séquelles à long terme associées aux sports de contact, tel le football. Des seuils d’impact sont utilisés par les scientifiques afin de faciliter les collectes de données à grande échelle et d’éliminer les impacts de plus faible magnitude qui peuvent être attribués à des mouvements autres comme les sauts ou la course. Cependant, il n’est pas certain que ces impacts de faible intensité soient tous en effet non valides. Le but de cette étude était donc de caractériser les impacts à la tête sous les seuils dans le football universitaire.
Méthodes
Une analyse rétrospective de parties de football lors d’une saison régulière fût effectuée sur 5 parties auprès de 13 joueurs. Les impacts sous le seuil étaient codés en lien avec le mécanisme et le type de situation de jeu. Au total, 814 impacts à la tête furent analysés et 18 % d’entre eux étaient sous les seuils et étaient attribuables à des impacts visibles à la tête. Ces impacts étaient d’une intensité variant entre 3 et 9 g, inclusivement.
Conclusion
Notre étude suggère donc que les impacts sous les seuils peuvent en effet être attribuables à des impacts à la tête, et plus d’études sont nécessaires afin d’en évaluer leur valeur physiologique.
{"title":"Should less than 10 g impacts be included in the kinematic analysis of head impacts and their long-term risk of sequelae? A technical note","authors":"L.-A. Corbin-Berrigan , E. Wagnac , S.-A. Vinet , S. Guay , C. Charlebois-Plante , M. Aussant-Bibeau , D. Godin , L. De Beaumont","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Subconcussive head impacts are used in the study of long-term sequelae associated with contact sport, such as football. Impact magnitude thresholds are used by scientists to allow for large-scale data collection and remove impacts of lower magnitude that may be attributed to jumping or running rather than actual head impact. However, it is unclear if below-threshold impacts are indeed all invalid. The aim of this study was to characterize below-threshold head impacts in varsity level football.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective video analysis of regular season games was performed during 5 different games on 13 different football players. Below-threshold impacts we coded for mechanism and type of impact as well as play situation. A total of 814 head impacts were analysed and over 18% of them consisted of below-threshold impacts attributed to visible head impacts. Below-threshold impacts ranged in magnitude from 3 to 9<!--> <!-->g inclusively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study suggests that below-threshold impacts may indeed be caused by actual head impacts and further studies are warranted to evaluate the physiological meaning of such impacts.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Les impacts sous-commotionnels sont étudiés dans le contexte des séquelles à long terme associées aux sports de contact, tel le football. Des seuils d’impact sont utilisés par les scientifiques afin de faciliter les collectes de données à grande échelle et d’éliminer les impacts de plus faible magnitude qui peuvent être attribués à des mouvements autres comme les sauts ou la course. Cependant, il n’est pas certain que ces impacts de faible intensité soient tous en effet non valides. Le but de cette étude était donc de caractériser les impacts à la tête sous les seuils dans le football universitaire.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Une analyse rétrospective de parties de football lors d’une saison régulière fût effectuée sur 5 parties auprès de 13 joueurs. Les impacts sous le seuil étaient codés en lien avec le mécanisme et le type de situation de jeu. Au total, 814 impacts à la tête furent analysés et 18 % d’entre eux étaient sous les seuils et étaient attribuables à des impacts visibles à la tête. Ces impacts étaient d’une intensité variant entre 3 et 9<!--> <!-->g, inclusivement.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Notre étude suggère donc que les impacts sous les seuils peuvent en effet être attribuables à des impacts à la tête, et plus d’études sont nécessaires afin d’en évaluer leur valeur physiologique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 520-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.001
S.-H. Ryu , J.-H. Oh , K.-W. Noh , S. Park
<div><h3>Objects</h3><p>This study aimed to contribute towards improving athletic performance by comparing the effects of highly concentrated hydrogen intake before and during exercise on soccer players’ metabolic and athletic performance.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This study followed a single-blind crossover design involving 10 male college soccer players. Before this experiment, the V<sub>max</sub> measurement and experimental familiarization stage were performed through pretesting. The exercise load test in this experiment involved a long-term intermittent high-intensity exercise protocol that reflects the specificity of soccer. It consisted of seven cycles taking about 120<!--> <!-->minutes. Placebo (mineral water) or highly concentrated hydrogen water was administered 30<!--> <!-->min before the exercise load test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study revealed that, regarding the respiratory gas variable Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), the placebo intake experiment at exercise awareness was higher than that of the hydrogen water intake experiment (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). There was no difference between the two experiments in terms of oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) and carbon dioxide production (VCO<sub>2</sub>) (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05). Fat oxidation during exercise (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and running distance were higher after hydrogen water intake than after placebo, while running time, carbohydrate oxidation, active oxygen, and heart rate (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) were higher after placebo than hydrogen water. The hydrogen water intake experiment in running distance and running time of exercise performance was higher than that of the placebo intake experiment (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The results of this study suggest that the intake of highly concentrated hydrogen water improves the ability to perform global motion and reduces the oxidative damage caused by active oxygen.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Cette étude visait à contribuer à améliorer les performances athlétiques en comparant les effets d’une ingestion d’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène avant et pendant l’exercice sur les performances métaboliques et athlétiques de joueurs de football.</p></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><p>Cette étude croisée en simple aveugle a porté sur 10 footballeurs d’un club universitaire. Avant cette expérience, la mesure de la V<sub>max</sub> et une familiarisation préalable étaient effectuées. L’exercice effectué dans cette expérience utilisait un protocole intermittent à long terme d’exercice à haute intensité qui reflète la spécificité du football. Il s’agissait de sept cycles d’environ 120<!--> <!-->minutes. On a administré un placebo (eau minérale) ou de l’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène 30<!--> <!-->min avant l’exercice, et on a mesuré les échanges gazeux respiratoires, les variables physiologiques, et les espèces réactives de l
{"title":"Effects of high concentration hydrogen water intake on active oxygen and performance in soccer players","authors":"S.-H. Ryu , J.-H. Oh , K.-W. Noh , S. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objects</h3><p>This study aimed to contribute towards improving athletic performance by comparing the effects of highly concentrated hydrogen intake before and during exercise on soccer players’ metabolic and athletic performance.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This study followed a single-blind crossover design involving 10 male college soccer players. Before this experiment, the V<sub>max</sub> measurement and experimental familiarization stage were performed through pretesting. The exercise load test in this experiment involved a long-term intermittent high-intensity exercise protocol that reflects the specificity of soccer. It consisted of seven cycles taking about 120<!--> <!-->minutes. Placebo (mineral water) or highly concentrated hydrogen water was administered 30<!--> <!-->min before the exercise load test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study revealed that, regarding the respiratory gas variable Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), the placebo intake experiment at exercise awareness was higher than that of the hydrogen water intake experiment (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). There was no difference between the two experiments in terms of oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) and carbon dioxide production (VCO<sub>2</sub>) (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05). Fat oxidation during exercise (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and running distance were higher after hydrogen water intake than after placebo, while running time, carbohydrate oxidation, active oxygen, and heart rate (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) were higher after placebo than hydrogen water. The hydrogen water intake experiment in running distance and running time of exercise performance was higher than that of the placebo intake experiment (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The results of this study suggest that the intake of highly concentrated hydrogen water improves the ability to perform global motion and reduces the oxidative damage caused by active oxygen.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Cette étude visait à contribuer à améliorer les performances athlétiques en comparant les effets d’une ingestion d’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène avant et pendant l’exercice sur les performances métaboliques et athlétiques de joueurs de football.</p></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><p>Cette étude croisée en simple aveugle a porté sur 10 footballeurs d’un club universitaire. Avant cette expérience, la mesure de la V<sub>max</sub> et une familiarisation préalable étaient effectuées. L’exercice effectué dans cette expérience utilisait un protocole intermittent à long terme d’exercice à haute intensité qui reflète la spécificité du football. Il s’agissait de sept cycles d’environ 120<!--> <!-->minutes. On a administré un placebo (eau minérale) ou de l’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène 30<!--> <!-->min avant l’exercice, et on a mesuré les échanges gazeux respiratoires, les variables physiologiques, et les espèces réactives de l","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 358-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.008
M. Pradzynska, L.P. Rylands, D.C. Canham
<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Inadequate sleep has a negative impact on the psychological and physiological health of elite athletes. Studies have shown a correlation exists between sleep deprivation and a drop in performance. Despite rising interest in sleep science, current research focus is on outcome and the cause of sleep deprivation is a secondary consideration. This scoping review aims to identify themes in peer-reviewed studies that are related to the possible causation of sleep deprivation in competitive athletes.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Three databases were used to research for the literature PubMed, Medline and EBSCO.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 16 peer-reviewed studies were identified. The studies were categorised into two sub-categories of short- and long-term causes of sleep deprivation. Five themes were identified: travel, night performance, prior, during and following competition and concussion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this scoping review identified a number a short and long-term causes of sleep deprivation. The causes of the short-term causes can be addressed by implementing some simple interventions such as napping, relaxation techniques and sleep hygiene could aid an athlete performance. However, the long-term causes were linked to concussion, any intervention would need to be studied in greater detail and is beyond the remit of this scoping review.</p></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><p>Un sommeil insuffisant a un impact négatif sur la santé psychologique et physiologique des athlètes d’élite. Des études ont montré qu’il existe une corrélation entre la privation de sommeil et une baisse des performances. Malgré l’intérêt croissant pour la science du sommeil, la recherche actuelle se concentre sur les résultats et la cause de la privation de sommeil est une considération secondaire. La présente étude de portée vise à identifier les thèmes des études évaluées par des pairs qui sont liés à la cause possible de la privation de sommeil chez les athlètes de compétition.</p></div><div><h3>Méthode</h3><p>Une étude de portée a été effectuée selon les règles PRISMA-ScR. Trois bases de données ont été utilisées pour la recherche de la littérature : PubMed, Medline et EBSCO.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Après application des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion, 16 études évaluées par des pairs ont été identifiées. Les études ont été classées en deux sous-catégories de causes à court et à long terme de la privation de sommeil. Cinq thèmes ont été identifiés: déplacement, performance nocturne, avant, pendant et après compétition et commotion cérébrale.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Les résultats de cette étude de portée ont identifié un certain nombre de causes à court et à long terme de la privation de sommeil. Les causes à court terme peuvent être traitées en mettant en œuvre des interven
{"title":"Causes of sleep deprivation in competative athletes: A scoping review","authors":"M. Pradzynska, L.P. Rylands, D.C. Canham","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Inadequate sleep has a negative impact on the psychological and physiological health of elite athletes. Studies have shown a correlation exists between sleep deprivation and a drop in performance. Despite rising interest in sleep science, current research focus is on outcome and the cause of sleep deprivation is a secondary consideration. This scoping review aims to identify themes in peer-reviewed studies that are related to the possible causation of sleep deprivation in competitive athletes.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Three databases were used to research for the literature PubMed, Medline and EBSCO.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 16 peer-reviewed studies were identified. The studies were categorised into two sub-categories of short- and long-term causes of sleep deprivation. Five themes were identified: travel, night performance, prior, during and following competition and concussion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this scoping review identified a number a short and long-term causes of sleep deprivation. The causes of the short-term causes can be addressed by implementing some simple interventions such as napping, relaxation techniques and sleep hygiene could aid an athlete performance. However, the long-term causes were linked to concussion, any intervention would need to be studied in greater detail and is beyond the remit of this scoping review.</p></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><p>Un sommeil insuffisant a un impact négatif sur la santé psychologique et physiologique des athlètes d’élite. Des études ont montré qu’il existe une corrélation entre la privation de sommeil et une baisse des performances. Malgré l’intérêt croissant pour la science du sommeil, la recherche actuelle se concentre sur les résultats et la cause de la privation de sommeil est une considération secondaire. La présente étude de portée vise à identifier les thèmes des études évaluées par des pairs qui sont liés à la cause possible de la privation de sommeil chez les athlètes de compétition.</p></div><div><h3>Méthode</h3><p>Une étude de portée a été effectuée selon les règles PRISMA-ScR. Trois bases de données ont été utilisées pour la recherche de la littérature : PubMed, Medline et EBSCO.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Après application des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion, 16 études évaluées par des pairs ont été identifiées. Les études ont été classées en deux sous-catégories de causes à court et à long terme de la privation de sommeil. Cinq thèmes ont été identifiés: déplacement, performance nocturne, avant, pendant et après compétition et commotion cérébrale.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Les résultats de cette étude de portée ont identifié un certain nombre de causes à court et à long terme de la privation de sommeil. Les causes à court terme peuvent être traitées en mettant en œuvre des interven","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 323-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S076515972300240X/pdfft?md5=ee395d19ac377fb0b882a6363a14521a&pid=1-s2.0-S076515972300240X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.12.001
K.J. Park
Objectives
This study sought to determine the relationship between the subjective evaluation of the low back pain scale and Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) and the objective evaluation of muscle function and recovery period for elite Taekwondo players with back pain injuries.
Methods
The study included 57 elite Taekwondo athletes who participated in advanced competitions at a training camp for the year 2022. An independent-sample t-test was performed to compare the sex-specific measure of back pain, the MODI, muscle function, and recovery period. Pearson's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between variables, and simple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting variables. Statistical significance was set to α = 0.05, and all statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 27.0 for Windows.
Results
Male athletes had a lower pain scale (3.41 vs. 4.86; P = 0.006) and MODI (14.03 vs. 20.75; P = 0.004) than female athletes but longer recovery period (8.66 vs. 6.21; P = 0.033). Additionally, for all athletes, the pain scale and MODI affected the left/right rotation ratio (P < 0.001, P = 0.005, respectively) and the recovery period (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively), and, as the pain score and MODI increased, the left/right rotation ratio and recovery period also increased.
Conclusion
For all Taekwondo athletes, the pain score and MODI affected the ratio of the left/right rotation and recovery period. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an exercise program to alleviate the left/right rotation imbalance of Taekwondo athletes.
{"title":"Comparison of subjective and objective evaluation of back injuries of elite taekwondo athletes","authors":"K.J. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study sought to determine the relationship between the subjective evaluation of the low back pain scale and Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) and the objective evaluation of muscle function and recovery period for elite Taekwondo players with back pain injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study included 57 elite Taekwondo athletes who participated in advanced competitions at a training camp for the year 2022. An independent-sample <em>t</em>-test was performed to compare the sex-specific measure of back pain, the MODI, muscle function, and recovery period. Pearson's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between variables, and simple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting variables. Statistical significance was set to α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.05, and all statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 27.0 for Windows.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Male athletes had a lower pain scale (3.41 vs. 4.86; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.006) and MODI (14.03 vs. 20.75; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.004) than female athletes but longer recovery period (8.66 vs. 6.21; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.033). Additionally, for all athletes, the pain scale and MODI affected the left/right rotation ratio (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.005, respectively) and the recovery period (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001, respectively), and, as the pain score and MODI increased, the left/right rotation ratio and recovery period also increased.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>For all Taekwondo athletes, the pain score and MODI affected the ratio of the left/right rotation and recovery period. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an exercise program to alleviate the left/right rotation imbalance of Taekwondo athletes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 341-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.04.010
Y. Wang , B. Fu , Y. Gao
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to determine the effects of high-altitude living low-altitude training on the athletic performance and metabolic indexes of adolescent boxers by using a hypobaric cabin to simulate hypoxia in high-altitude environments.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male adolescent boxers (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->16; control: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8, living and training at low altitude [LOLO]; experimental: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8, living at high altitude and training at low altitude [HILO]). The study period was 5 weeks (35 days) for both groups: baseline, week 1, week 2, week 3, week 4, and week 5 (post-training) representing the time point prior to, the first week, second week, third week, fourth week, and the week after training. Participants in the experimental group, slept in a high-altitude environment (2000m) simulated using an altitude-training hypobaric cabin. Blood indexes (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea, creatine kinase), functional indexes (longitudinal jump, grip strength, eyes-closed one-foot standing, selective reaction time, 30-second sit-ups, 30-second push-ups, 30-second squats), and endurance indexes (lactate threshold, power) were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the HILO group, with respect to baseline, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit level increased (week 1); hemoglobin level remained high (week 2), decreased (week 3), and increased (week 4). Blood urea concentration increased to 6.11<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.59 mmol/L in week 2 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05); creatine kinase concentration increased to 310.75<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->112. 21 U/L in week 3 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01). Upper and lower limb strength increased in week 5, while the number of squats performed in 30<!--> <!-->seconds (lower limb strength) decreased 6.87% in week 4 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and the grip strength (upper limb strength) decreased 11.35% in week 4 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The lactate threshold of the experimental group increased.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Adolescent boxers who lived in high-altitude conditions and trained in low-altitude conditions for 4 weeks exhibited improved blood oxygen transport capacity, upper limb strength, and speed endurance, which indicate that exercise ability improved.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Cette étude visait à déterminer les effets d’un entraînement en haute altitude et en basse altitude sur les performances athlétiques et les indices métaboliques d’adolescents boxeurs en utilisant une cabine hypobare pour simuler l’hypoxie dans des environnements de haute altitude.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Seize boxeurs adolescents de sexe masculin, dont 8 du groupe contrôle, vivant et s’entraînant en basse altitude [LOLO], 8 dans le groupe expérimental, vivant en haute altitude et s’entraînant en basse altitude [HILO]). La période d’étude était de 5
{"title":"Effects of simulated high-altitude living low-altitude training on the exercise abilities of adolescent boxers","authors":"Y. Wang , B. Fu , Y. Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to determine the effects of high-altitude living low-altitude training on the athletic performance and metabolic indexes of adolescent boxers by using a hypobaric cabin to simulate hypoxia in high-altitude environments.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male adolescent boxers (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->16; control: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8, living and training at low altitude [LOLO]; experimental: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8, living at high altitude and training at low altitude [HILO]). The study period was 5 weeks (35 days) for both groups: baseline, week 1, week 2, week 3, week 4, and week 5 (post-training) representing the time point prior to, the first week, second week, third week, fourth week, and the week after training. Participants in the experimental group, slept in a high-altitude environment (2000m) simulated using an altitude-training hypobaric cabin. Blood indexes (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea, creatine kinase), functional indexes (longitudinal jump, grip strength, eyes-closed one-foot standing, selective reaction time, 30-second sit-ups, 30-second push-ups, 30-second squats), and endurance indexes (lactate threshold, power) were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the HILO group, with respect to baseline, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit level increased (week 1); hemoglobin level remained high (week 2), decreased (week 3), and increased (week 4). Blood urea concentration increased to 6.11<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.59 mmol/L in week 2 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05); creatine kinase concentration increased to 310.75<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->112. 21 U/L in week 3 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01). Upper and lower limb strength increased in week 5, while the number of squats performed in 30<!--> <!-->seconds (lower limb strength) decreased 6.87% in week 4 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and the grip strength (upper limb strength) decreased 11.35% in week 4 (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The lactate threshold of the experimental group increased.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Adolescent boxers who lived in high-altitude conditions and trained in low-altitude conditions for 4 weeks exhibited improved blood oxygen transport capacity, upper limb strength, and speed endurance, which indicate that exercise ability improved.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Cette étude visait à déterminer les effets d’un entraînement en haute altitude et en basse altitude sur les performances athlétiques et les indices métaboliques d’adolescents boxeurs en utilisant une cabine hypobare pour simuler l’hypoxie dans des environnements de haute altitude.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Seize boxeurs adolescents de sexe masculin, dont 8 du groupe contrôle, vivant et s’entraînant en basse altitude [LOLO], 8 dans le groupe expérimental, vivant en haute altitude et s’entraînant en basse altitude [HILO]). La période d’étude était de 5","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 384-393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.09.003
A. Crelerot, L. Magot, A. Cugerone, C. Blanc-Bisson, B. Aimé
<div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>L’insuffisance d’activité physique (AP) et la sédentarité sont des facteurs de risques de nombreuses maladies et sont associées à une augmentation de la mortalité. Le rôle du médecin généraliste est central dans le repérage de ces deux facteurs de risque pour intervenir précocement dans la modification des comportements. Il existe de nombreux outils de mesure de l’AP validés mais ils sont difficilement utilisables en consultation. Un questionnaire court, en deux questions, le Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (BPAAT) ou questionnaire de Marshall, a été validé, en anglais, versus accélérométrie. Notre étude avait pour but de comparer la capacité du test de Marshall (dans sa version française) à classer les patients en suffisamment ou insuffisamment actifs, par rapport aux tests IPAQ et le GPAQ. Les objectifs secondaires étaient, d’évaluer la faisabilité de ce repérage en pratique de soins primaires et de tester trois autres approches : une autoévaluation par le patient de son AP ; une question sur l’inscription dans un club ou une association sportive, une question de repérage rapide de la sédentarité.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Étude épidémiologique transversale comparant une évaluation par le médecin avec le questionnaire de Marshall et les questions des trois autres approches à un questionnaire autorempli contenant les questionnaires IPAQ et GPAQ.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Quatre cents quatre-vingt-seize sujets ont été inclus. Le questionnaire de Marshall avec un seuil à trois permettait de classer correctement les patients en suffisamment actifs ou insuffisamment actifs avec 68,41 % de concordance par rapport à l’IPAQ, et avec 70,10 % de concordance par rapport au GPAQ. Une question d’autoévaluation de l’activité physique pourrait avoir une valeur discriminante proche du test de Marshall. Pour l’évaluation de la sédentarité, une simple question évaluant le niveau de sédentarité ressenti de 0 à 10 est utilisable en pratique. Les médecins étaient capables de repérer les patients insuffisamment actifs et/ou sédentaires dans plus du tiers de leurs consultations.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Insufficient physical activity (PA) and physical inactivity are risk factors for many diseases and are associated with increased mortality. The role of the general practitioner is central in identifying these two risk factors in order to intervene early in behavior modification. There are many validated PA measurement tools but they are difficult to use in consultation. A short questionnaire, in two questions, the Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (BPAAT) or Marshall questionnaire, was validated, in English, versus accelerometry. Our study aimed to compare the ability of the Marshall test (in its French version) to classify patients as sufficiently or insufficiently active, compared to the IPAQ and GPAQ tests. The secondary objectives were to assess the feasibility of this screening in primary care pr
{"title":"Validité d’un outil de repérage rapide de l’insuffisance d’activité physique et de la sédentarité en médecine générale","authors":"A. Crelerot, L. Magot, A. Cugerone, C. Blanc-Bisson, B. Aimé","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>L’insuffisance d’activité physique (AP) et la sédentarité sont des facteurs de risques de nombreuses maladies et sont associées à une augmentation de la mortalité. Le rôle du médecin généraliste est central dans le repérage de ces deux facteurs de risque pour intervenir précocement dans la modification des comportements. Il existe de nombreux outils de mesure de l’AP validés mais ils sont difficilement utilisables en consultation. Un questionnaire court, en deux questions, le Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (BPAAT) ou questionnaire de Marshall, a été validé, en anglais, versus accélérométrie. Notre étude avait pour but de comparer la capacité du test de Marshall (dans sa version française) à classer les patients en suffisamment ou insuffisamment actifs, par rapport aux tests IPAQ et le GPAQ. Les objectifs secondaires étaient, d’évaluer la faisabilité de ce repérage en pratique de soins primaires et de tester trois autres approches : une autoévaluation par le patient de son AP ; une question sur l’inscription dans un club ou une association sportive, une question de repérage rapide de la sédentarité.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Étude épidémiologique transversale comparant une évaluation par le médecin avec le questionnaire de Marshall et les questions des trois autres approches à un questionnaire autorempli contenant les questionnaires IPAQ et GPAQ.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Quatre cents quatre-vingt-seize sujets ont été inclus. Le questionnaire de Marshall avec un seuil à trois permettait de classer correctement les patients en suffisamment actifs ou insuffisamment actifs avec 68,41 % de concordance par rapport à l’IPAQ, et avec 70,10 % de concordance par rapport au GPAQ. Une question d’autoévaluation de l’activité physique pourrait avoir une valeur discriminante proche du test de Marshall. Pour l’évaluation de la sédentarité, une simple question évaluant le niveau de sédentarité ressenti de 0 à 10 est utilisable en pratique. Les médecins étaient capables de repérer les patients insuffisamment actifs et/ou sédentaires dans plus du tiers de leurs consultations.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Insufficient physical activity (PA) and physical inactivity are risk factors for many diseases and are associated with increased mortality. The role of the general practitioner is central in identifying these two risk factors in order to intervene early in behavior modification. There are many validated PA measurement tools but they are difficult to use in consultation. A short questionnaire, in two questions, the Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (BPAAT) or Marshall questionnaire, was validated, in English, versus accelerometry. Our study aimed to compare the ability of the Marshall test (in its French version) to classify patients as sufficiently or insufficiently active, compared to the IPAQ and GPAQ tests. The secondary objectives were to assess the feasibility of this screening in primary care pr","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2024.04.001
P. Philippot , M. Francaux , J.-F. Kaux
{"title":"Impact de la COVID-19 et des confinements sur la pratique et la santé subjective des sportifs","authors":"P. Philippot , M. Francaux , J.-F. Kaux","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 405-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141135224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Cognitive responses are an important part of sports performance which may be affected by particular athletes’ characteristics and exercise configuration. Here we investigated whether a single bout of high-intensity short-duration exercise performed by people with different chronotype characteristics differently affects cognitive responses in the acute phase post-exercise performed in the light and dark periods of the day.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>Twenty-six adult men visited the laboratory twice. One visit was in the morning between 7 am and 10 am, and the other in evening, between 6 pm and 9 pm, alterned and with 48<!--> <!-->h apart. They performed cognitive tests before and after a high-intensity short-duration exercise including continuous jump landing exercise. During the exercise, we determine the jump height and power output. Individual responses to the morning-evening questionnaire estimated the individual chronotype. Data were compared between pre- and post-exercise and between the different times of the day.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While both morning and evening individuals achieved better results in the evening, the evening chronotype positively correlated with performance in the evening.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>High-intensity short-duration exercise affects cognitive performance depending on daytime but not individual chronotype. We suggest that professionals in sports medicine could benefit from our results when designing protocols for performance assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Les réponses cognitives sont une partie importante de la performance sportive qui peut être affectée par les caractéristiques particulières des athlètes et la configuration de l’exercice. Ici, nous avons étudié si un seul exercice d’exercice de courte durée à haute intensité effectué par des personnes présentant différentes caractéristiques de chronotype affecte différemment les réponses cognitives dans la phase aiguë après l’exercice effectué dans les périodes claires et sombres de la journée.</p></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><p>Vingt-six hommes adultes ont participé deux fois à l’étude, le matin entre 7<!--> <!-->h et 10<!--> <!-->h, et le soir, entre 18<!--> <!-->h et 21<!--> <!-->h, en alternance avec 48<!--> <!-->h d’intervalle. Ils ont effectué des tests cognitifs avant et après une séance d’exercices de courte durée à haute intensité, y compris un exercice d’atterrissage en saut continu. Pendant l’exercice, nous déterminons la hauteur de saut et la puissance de sortie. Les réponses individuelles au questionnaire matin-soir ont estimé le chronotype individuel. Les données ont été comparées avant et après l’exercice et entre les différents moments de la journée.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Alors que les individus du matin et du soir obtenaient de meilleurs résultats le soir, le chronotype du soir était positivement corrélé avec la performance du soir.</p
{"title":"Acute effects of high-intensity short-duration exercise on cognitive responses depends on daytime","authors":"M.R. Kunzler , M.D. Pereira , J. Alvarez-Ruf , F.P. Carpes","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Cognitive responses are an important part of sports performance which may be affected by particular athletes’ characteristics and exercise configuration. Here we investigated whether a single bout of high-intensity short-duration exercise performed by people with different chronotype characteristics differently affects cognitive responses in the acute phase post-exercise performed in the light and dark periods of the day.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>Twenty-six adult men visited the laboratory twice. One visit was in the morning between 7 am and 10 am, and the other in evening, between 6 pm and 9 pm, alterned and with 48<!--> <!-->h apart. They performed cognitive tests before and after a high-intensity short-duration exercise including continuous jump landing exercise. During the exercise, we determine the jump height and power output. Individual responses to the morning-evening questionnaire estimated the individual chronotype. Data were compared between pre- and post-exercise and between the different times of the day.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While both morning and evening individuals achieved better results in the evening, the evening chronotype positively correlated with performance in the evening.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>High-intensity short-duration exercise affects cognitive performance depending on daytime but not individual chronotype. We suggest that professionals in sports medicine could benefit from our results when designing protocols for performance assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Les réponses cognitives sont une partie importante de la performance sportive qui peut être affectée par les caractéristiques particulières des athlètes et la configuration de l’exercice. Ici, nous avons étudié si un seul exercice d’exercice de courte durée à haute intensité effectué par des personnes présentant différentes caractéristiques de chronotype affecte différemment les réponses cognitives dans la phase aiguë après l’exercice effectué dans les périodes claires et sombres de la journée.</p></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><p>Vingt-six hommes adultes ont participé deux fois à l’étude, le matin entre 7<!--> <!-->h et 10<!--> <!-->h, et le soir, entre 18<!--> <!-->h et 21<!--> <!-->h, en alternance avec 48<!--> <!-->h d’intervalle. Ils ont effectué des tests cognitifs avant et après une séance d’exercices de courte durée à haute intensité, y compris un exercice d’atterrissage en saut continu. Pendant l’exercice, nous déterminons la hauteur de saut et la puissance de sortie. Les réponses individuelles au questionnaire matin-soir ont estimé le chronotype individuel. Les données ont été comparées avant et après l’exercice et entre les différents moments de la journée.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Alors que les individus du matin et du soir obtenaient de meilleurs résultats le soir, le chronotype du soir était positivement corrélé avec la performance du soir.</p","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 369-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.009
J.V. Cavalari , A.F. Aguiar , J. Casonatto
Objective
To analyze the inter-individual responsiveness of post-exercise hypotension after a single dose of l-arginine supplementation in hypertensive patients.
Equipment and methods
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. A total of 10 adults, hypertensive and sedentary, were randomly assigned to both experimental groups (placebo and l-arginine). The participants ingested a sachet containing 8 grams of l-arginine or placebo (corn starch). During the experimental sessions, individuals performed 40 min of walking/running on a treadmill at 60–70% of heart rate reserve. After the exercise sessions, blood pressure was measured every 10 min for 60 min.
Results
Considering systolic blood pressure, most participants responded favorably (lowering BP) in the “arginine” experimental arm.
{"title":"Inter-individual responses to arginine oral supplementation on post-exercise hypotension in treated hypertensives: A pilot study","authors":"J.V. Cavalari , A.F. Aguiar , J. Casonatto","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the inter-individual responsiveness of post-exercise hypotension after a single dose of l-arginine supplementation in hypertensive patients.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. A total of 10 adults, hypertensive and sedentary, were randomly assigned to both experimental groups (placebo and l-arginine). The participants ingested a sachet containing 8 grams of l-arginine or placebo (corn starch). During the experimental sessions, individuals performed 40<!--> <!-->min of walking/running on a treadmill at 60–70% of heart rate reserve. After the exercise sessions, blood pressure was measured every 10<!--> <!-->min for 60<!--> <!-->min.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Considering systolic blood pressure, most participants responded favorably (lowering BP) in the “arginine” experimental arm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 399-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.005
L. Mattar, R. Hadla, R. El Atat , T. Abbas , H. Tashani , H. Harb
Objective
This prospective study is to evaluate the nutritional knowledge of recreational marathon runners before and after a mixed-method nutrition education intervention. The participants of this study were recruited from the “542 Training Program” of the Beirut Marathon Organization in Lebanon.
Equipment and methods
To assess their knowledge on sports nutrition, the participants filled out an online self-administered survey pre- and post-intervention. The interventions, over a 5-month period, were constituted of counselling sessions, booth trainings, health seminars, and dissemination of key messages through email letters and social media posts.
Results
The present study revealed an increase in nutritional knowledge, specifically the importance of nutrition in running exercises, practices across the stages of running, and types and sources of food, among participants after the interventions.
Conclusion
Nutritional knowledge is of quite importance in improving performance among recreational marathon runners. Future studies are needed to create validated nutritional knowledge assessment methods that improve dietary habits and outcomes among recreational runners.
Objectifs
Cette étude prospective vise à évaluer les connaissances nutritionnelles des marathoniens amateurs avant et après une intervention d’éducation nutritionnelle à méthodes mixtes. Les participants à cette étude ont été recrutés dans le cadre du « Programme de formation 542 » de l’Organisation du Marathon de Beyrouth au Liban.
Méthodes
Pour évaluer leurs connaissances en nutrition du sportif, les participants ont rempli une enquête auto-administrée en ligne avant et après l’intervention. Les interventions, sur une période de 5 mois, comprenaient des séances de conseil, des formations sur place en présentiel, des séminaires sur la santé ainsi que la diffusion de messages clés par le biais de lettres électroniques, d’infographies, et de publications sur les réseaux sociaux.
Résultats
Une amélioration des connaissances nutritionnelles a été observée après les interventions, en particulier sur l’importance de la nutrition pour les courses de longue distance, les pratiques pendant les différentes étapes de la compétition et les types et sources d’aliments.
Conclusions
Les connaissances nutritionnelles sont très importantes pour améliorer les performances des marathoniens amateurs. Des études futures sont nécessaires pour créer des méthodes validées d’évaluation des connaissances nutritionnelles qui améliorent les habitudes alimentaires chez les coureurs de longue distance.
{"title":"Nutrition knowledge of recreational marathon runners: Effect of a mixed-methods nutrition education intervention","authors":"L. Mattar, R. Hadla, R. El Atat , T. Abbas , H. Tashani , H. Harb","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This prospective study is to evaluate the nutritional knowledge of recreational marathon runners before and after a mixed-method nutrition education intervention. The participants of this study were recruited from the “542 Training Program” of the Beirut Marathon Organization in Lebanon.</p></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><p>To assess their knowledge on sports nutrition, the participants filled out an online self-administered survey pre- and post-intervention. The interventions, over a 5-month period, were constituted of counselling sessions, booth trainings, health seminars, and dissemination of key messages through email letters and social media posts.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The present study revealed an increase in nutritional knowledge, specifically the importance of nutrition in running exercises, practices across the stages of running, and types and sources of food, among participants after the interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Nutritional knowledge is of quite importance in improving performance among recreational marathon runners. Future studies are needed to create validated nutritional knowledge assessment methods that improve dietary habits and outcomes among recreational runners.</p></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><p>Cette étude prospective vise à évaluer les connaissances nutritionnelles des marathoniens amateurs avant et après une intervention d’éducation nutritionnelle à méthodes mixtes. Les participants à cette étude ont été recrutés dans le cadre du « Programme de formation 542 » de l’Organisation du Marathon de Beyrouth au Liban.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Pour évaluer leurs connaissances en nutrition du sportif, les participants ont rempli une enquête auto-administrée en ligne avant et après l’intervention. Les interventions, sur une période de 5 mois, comprenaient des séances de conseil, des formations sur place en présentiel, des séminaires sur la santé ainsi que la diffusion de messages clés par le biais de lettres électroniques, d’infographies, et de publications sur les réseaux sociaux.</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Une amélioration des connaissances nutritionnelles a été observée après les interventions, en particulier sur l’importance de la nutrition pour les courses de longue distance, les pratiques pendant les différentes étapes de la compétition et les types et sources d’aliments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Les connaissances nutritionnelles sont très importantes pour améliorer les performances des marathoniens amateurs. Des études futures sont nécessaires pour créer des méthodes validées d’évaluation des connaissances nutritionnelles qui améliorent les habitudes alimentaires chez les coureurs de longue distance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 4","pages":"Pages 394-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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