Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2024/v18i1339
Dhuha Abdullah Kadhim
The purpose of this study was to explore the possible involvement of SV40 polyomavirus in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients from the province of Al-Najaf. The study analyzed 75 paraffin-embedded block tissues of RCC, collected from archives of AL-Sader Medical City, and some private histopathology laboratories in Najaf governorate. The patients included 45 males and 30 females, aged between 22 and 70 years. The study used advanced scientific techniques, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), to detect the presence of SV40 and evaluate the expression state of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Regulators (KAP or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) & Cyclin E1 markers). Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was used for diagnosing RCC. The study found that RCC is associated with the dysregulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase regulators (CDK), caused by the SV40 polyomavirus. The results of the IHC analysis showed an increased positive percentage for KAP or CDKN3 marker and a decreased positive percentage of Cyclin E1 marker. Additionally, the clear cell type was found to be the most common, accounting for 56% of the cases, while grade I was the most prevalent, representing 41.3% of the cases. Tumor stage type I was found to be higher, with 25 cases. PCR detected the presence of SV40 in 20 cases, accounting for 26.7% of the total cases studied. The study concluded that the Simian Virus 40 (SV40), particularly its Large T Antigen (Tag), affects CDK regulators and disrupts the delicate equilibrium of cell cycle regulation systems. Therefore, the study suggests a possible link between the development of renal cell carcinoma and the SV40 polyomavirus. The study recommends routine testing for the detection of RCC using PCR and IHC methods.
{"title":"The Dysregulation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Regulators Role in SV40 Related Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Dhuha Abdullah Kadhim","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2024/v18i1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2024/v18i1339","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore the possible involvement of SV40 polyomavirus in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients from the province of Al-Najaf. The study analyzed 75 paraffin-embedded block tissues of RCC, collected from archives of AL-Sader Medical City, and some private histopathology laboratories in Najaf governorate. The patients included 45 males and 30 females, aged between 22 and 70 years. The study used advanced scientific techniques, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), to detect the presence of SV40 and evaluate the expression state of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Regulators (KAP or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) & Cyclin E1 markers). Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was used for diagnosing RCC. The study found that RCC is associated with the dysregulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase regulators (CDK), caused by the SV40 polyomavirus. The results of the IHC analysis showed an increased positive percentage for KAP or CDKN3 marker and a decreased positive percentage of Cyclin E1 marker. Additionally, the clear cell type was found to be the most common, accounting for 56% of the cases, while grade I was the most prevalent, representing 41.3% of the cases. Tumor stage type I was found to be higher, with 25 cases. PCR detected the presence of SV40 in 20 cases, accounting for 26.7% of the total cases studied. The study concluded that the Simian Virus 40 (SV40), particularly its Large T Antigen (Tag), affects CDK regulators and disrupts the delicate equilibrium of cell cycle regulation systems. Therefore, the study suggests a possible link between the development of renal cell carcinoma and the SV40 polyomavirus. The study recommends routine testing for the detection of RCC using PCR and IHC methods.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i4335
R. A. Ikpeama, C. Okeke, B. Okolonkwo, C. U. Nyenke, C. O. Ezenwaka
Malaria continues to be a major global health concern in tropical regions, especially affecting children between the ages of 1 and 5. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of malaria on hepatocellular function in this vulnerable age group. The enrollment of 582 randomly selected children was approved ethically, and parental consent was obtained. Of these, 396 were in the test group (who tested positive for malaria), and 186 were in the control group (apparently healthy). Giemsa-stained thin and thick films were used to confirm the diagnosis of malaria, and serum markers such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and gamma glutamyl transferase were used to assess hepatocellular function while the malaria diagnosis was made. As further markers of liver health, albumin and protein levels were evaluated. The findings showed that, in comparison to the control group, children with malaria parasitemia had statistical significantly higher levels of ALP, SGOT, SGPT, and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase as well as lower levels of total protein and albumin (p < 0.05). This suggests a significant effect on liver function in children with malaria, ages 1 to 5. Finally, our research highlights the connection between liver impairment in young children and malaria parasitemia. To improve early detection and management of liver-related complications in affected children, we recommend adding hepatic function assessments to routine evaluations, especially in malaria-endemic areas.
{"title":"The Effect of Malaria Disease on Liver Function in Children Below 5 Years of Age","authors":"R. A. Ikpeama, C. Okeke, B. Okolonkwo, C. U. Nyenke, C. O. Ezenwaka","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i4335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i4335","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria continues to be a major global health concern in tropical regions, especially affecting children between the ages of 1 and 5. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of malaria on hepatocellular function in this vulnerable age group. The enrollment of 582 randomly selected children was approved ethically, and parental consent was obtained. Of these, 396 were in the test group (who tested positive for malaria), and 186 were in the control group (apparently healthy). Giemsa-stained thin and thick films were used to confirm the diagnosis of malaria, and serum markers such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and gamma glutamyl transferase were used to assess hepatocellular function while the malaria diagnosis was made. As further markers of liver health, albumin and protein levels were evaluated. The findings showed that, in comparison to the control group, children with malaria parasitemia had statistical significantly higher levels of ALP, SGOT, SGPT, and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase as well as lower levels of total protein and albumin (p < 0.05). This suggests a significant effect on liver function in children with malaria, ages 1 to 5. Finally, our research highlights the connection between liver impairment in young children and malaria parasitemia. To improve early detection and management of liver-related complications in affected children, we recommend adding hepatic function assessments to routine evaluations, especially in malaria-endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i4333
Patrick Lofor, Ejime Ebeigbe
Background: Eye injuries are more common and have more severe effects when they occur in developing countries. The factors reponsible for these eye injuries can be linked to socioeconomic status, insufficient safety precautions, a lack of ideal treatment facilities, the use of conventional eye medication, and low levels of education. Ocular trauma has been identified in studies from Nigeria and other African countries as a major contributing factor to monocular blindness. In neonates, conjunctivitis within the first 28 days of life is termed “Ophthalmia neonatorium”. Conjunctivitis arising from either viral, bacteria or fungal causes in an Adult is what we termed as “Ophthalmia Adultorum". In our study the individual was a chronic alcoholic who was already immunosuppressed from his large alcohol intake. This study therefore is case report of a traumatic innoculation causing Ophthalmia Adultorum in a male alcoholic, a university of Benin Teaching Hospital experience. Methods: This is a case report. Results: A 57 year old man who was admitted on 25 September, 2023, as a case of Cytomegalovirus (CMV ) and Candida albicans associated Conjunctivitis ,after a traumatic sandball inoculation to his right eye . Conjunctiva swab for microscopy and culture was sent to the medical microbiology laboratory. Gram stain showed yeasts cells, while 10%giemsa staining of the eye swab showed ztanck cells. Culture yielded Candida albicans. He was placed on chloramphenicol eye drop, steroid eye drops, Acyclovir (patient could not afford gangcyclovir the specific antiviral drug due to high cost) and fluconazole eye drops. Patient was managed by the ophthalmologists and the Medical Microbiology team. Patient was discharged home on the 5th day and was asked to come for follow up after one week .On follow up visit , previous symptoms had resolved and right and left eyes were both normal on examination. Conclusion: We are unaware of any previous reports of Ophthalmia Adultorium involving Cytomegalovirus and Candida albicans in patients with sandball eye accidents. Patients with sandball injuries should be assessed quickly and antibiotic and antifungal therapy should be considered if cultures are positive.
{"title":"Ophthalmia \" Adultorum\" Secondary to Cytomegalovirus and Candida albicans Isolates from Right Eye Ulcer of an Alcoholic: The Benin City Experience","authors":"Patrick Lofor, Ejime Ebeigbe","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i4333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i4333","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eye injuries are more common and have more severe effects when they occur in developing countries. The factors reponsible for these eye injuries can be linked to socioeconomic status, insufficient safety precautions, a lack of ideal treatment facilities, the use of conventional eye medication, and low levels of education. Ocular trauma has been identified in studies from Nigeria and other African countries as a major contributing factor to monocular blindness. \u0000In neonates, conjunctivitis within the first 28 days of life is termed “Ophthalmia neonatorium”. Conjunctivitis arising from either viral, bacteria or fungal causes in an Adult is what we termed as “Ophthalmia Adultorum\". \u0000 In our study the individual was a chronic alcoholic who was already immunosuppressed from his large alcohol intake. This study therefore is case report of a traumatic innoculation causing Ophthalmia Adultorum in a male alcoholic, a university of Benin Teaching Hospital experience. \u0000Methods: This is a case report. \u0000Results: A 57 year old man who was admitted on 25 September, 2023, as a case of Cytomegalovirus (CMV ) and Candida albicans associated Conjunctivitis ,after a traumatic sandball inoculation to his right eye . Conjunctiva swab for microscopy and culture was sent to the medical microbiology laboratory. Gram stain showed yeasts cells, while 10%giemsa staining of the eye swab showed ztanck cells. Culture yielded Candida albicans. \u0000He was placed on chloramphenicol eye drop, steroid eye drops, Acyclovir (patient could not afford gangcyclovir the specific antiviral drug due to high cost) and fluconazole eye drops. Patient was managed by the ophthalmologists and the Medical Microbiology team. \u0000Patient was discharged home on the 5th day and was asked to come for follow up after one week .On follow up visit , previous symptoms had resolved and right and left eyes were both normal on examination. \u0000Conclusion: We are unaware of any previous reports of Ophthalmia Adultorium involving Cytomegalovirus and Candida albicans in patients with sandball eye accidents. Patients with sandball injuries should be assessed quickly and antibiotic and antifungal therapy should be considered if cultures are positive.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3332
C. Uzoh, C. O. Nworie, E. E. Eze, P. Igwe, C. Ugwuocha, K. Aroh, I. O. Abanukam, N. Onuoha, E. C. Okafor
This study was conducted to examine the bacteriological quality of cow’s raw milk obtained from herdsmen at Okigwe, Imo States. Standard microbiological procedure was used to carry out this research. A total number of five samples were gotten from different streets in Okigwe metropolis in sterile specimen containers. Ten fold serial dilution was carried with each of the sample with the 4th tube to 6th tube being inoculated on Nutrient agar, Salmonella- Shigella agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate method and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. The microorganisms were identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus sp, E. coli, Lactobacillus sp and Salmonella typhi. The total viable count for raw cow milk ranged from 6.6 x105CFU/ml to 1.01 x 106CFU/ml while total coliform count was from 6.2x106 CFU/ml to 1.7x106 CFU/ml. They frequency of occurrence of Lactobacillus sp was highest with a value 85 and the lowest frequency was Salmonella typhi II with a value of 2. The raw cow milk was observed to harbor some pathogenic microorganisms which can cause infections when ingested.
{"title":"The Bacteriological Quality of Raw Cow Milk Obtained from Herdsmen in Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Uzoh, C. O. Nworie, E. E. Eze, P. Igwe, C. Ugwuocha, K. Aroh, I. O. Abanukam, N. Onuoha, E. C. Okafor","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3332","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the bacteriological quality of cow’s raw milk obtained from herdsmen at Okigwe, Imo States. Standard microbiological procedure was used to carry out this research. A total number of five samples were gotten from different streets in Okigwe metropolis in sterile specimen containers. Ten fold serial dilution was carried with each of the sample with the 4th tube to 6th tube being inoculated on Nutrient agar, Salmonella- Shigella agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate method and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. The microorganisms were identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus sp, E. coli, Lactobacillus sp and Salmonella typhi. The total viable count for raw cow milk ranged from 6.6 x105CFU/ml to 1.01 x 106CFU/ml while total coliform count was from 6.2x106 CFU/ml to 1.7x106 CFU/ml. They frequency of occurrence of Lactobacillus sp was highest with a value 85 and the lowest frequency was Salmonella typhi II with a value of 2. The raw cow milk was observed to harbor some pathogenic microorganisms which can cause infections when ingested. ","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3330
Abdullahi K., Wata I., Hafsat S. B.
This study aimed to evaluate the mycological quality of powdered groundnut cake available in specified regions of Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of (40) samples were collected from various vendors in the selected areas. Standard laboratory methods were employed to assess fungal contamination, including culture-based techniques and microscopic examination. The results revealed varying degrees of fungal presence across the sampled powdered groundnut cake. The predominant fungal species identified included (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. Lentulus, A. nidulans and A. niger, species and Rhizopus), indicating potential risks associated with consumption. Moreover, the study highlighted potential factors contributing to fungal contamination, such as improper storage, processing, and handling practices. In conclusion, the mycological assessment underscores the need for enhanced quality control measures in the production, storage, and distribution of powdered groundnut cake within these regions. Implementation of proper hygiene practices, improved storage facilities, and education on food safety are recommended to mitigate fungal contamination and ensure the provision of safe and wholesome powdered groundnut cake to consumers in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State.
{"title":"Mycological Quality Assessment of Powdered Groundnut Cake Sold in Selected Areas in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Abdullahi K., Wata I., Hafsat S. B.","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3330","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the mycological quality of powdered groundnut cake available in specified regions of Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of (40) samples were collected from various vendors in the selected areas. Standard laboratory methods were employed to assess fungal contamination, including culture-based techniques and microscopic examination. \u0000The results revealed varying degrees of fungal presence across the sampled powdered groundnut cake. The predominant fungal species identified included (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. Lentulus, A. nidulans and A. niger, species and Rhizopus), indicating potential risks associated with consumption. Moreover, the study highlighted potential factors contributing to fungal contamination, such as improper storage, processing, and handling practices. \u0000In conclusion, the mycological assessment underscores the need for enhanced quality control measures in the production, storage, and distribution of powdered groundnut cake within these regions. Implementation of proper hygiene practices, improved storage facilities, and education on food safety are recommended to mitigate fungal contamination and ensure the provision of safe and wholesome powdered groundnut cake to consumers in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3331
Isomah, C. J, Ogbonna, S. I., Robinson, V. K., Ogbuleka, N. A. C.
The risk of wound infection increases with the degree of contamination and it has been estimated that about 50% of wounds contaminated with bacteria become clinically infected. Profile of bacteria isolated from wound infections in patients attending University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital (UPTH) were investigated. One hundred and eight wound isolates were collected from male and female patients and cultured on nutrient agar, MacConkey and blood agar. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, Staphylococcus aureus 44(40.75%) was the most prevalent in wound infection in the study area in both male and females followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 28(25.9%), Klebsiella spp. 14(13.0%), Proteus spp. 10(9.3%) and Escherichia coli 12(11.1%). The antibiogram showed the presence of multi-drug resistant organisms. The percentage susceptibility of the isolates was: Imipenem (80%), Gentamycin (62%) clindamycin (30%), and levofloxacin (30%). Thus, these antibiotics should be considered as first line drug in the treatment of wound in the area as they were the most effective antibiotics. Prompt and timely treatment is therefore, recommended on the onset of wound infections.
{"title":"Antibiogram of Wound Isolates of Patients Attending University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"Isomah, C. J, Ogbonna, S. I., Robinson, V. K., Ogbuleka, N. A. C.","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3331","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of wound infection increases with the degree of contamination and it has been estimated that about 50% of wounds contaminated with bacteria become clinically infected. Profile of bacteria isolated from wound infections in patients attending University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital (UPTH) were investigated. One hundred and eight wound isolates were collected from male and female patients and cultured on nutrient agar, MacConkey and blood agar. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, Staphylococcus aureus 44(40.75%) was the most prevalent in wound infection in the study area in both male and females followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 28(25.9%), Klebsiella spp. 14(13.0%), Proteus spp. 10(9.3%) and Escherichia coli 12(11.1%). The antibiogram showed the presence of multi-drug resistant organisms. The percentage susceptibility of the isolates was: Imipenem (80%), Gentamycin (62%) clindamycin (30%), and levofloxacin (30%). Thus, these antibiotics should be considered as first line drug in the treatment of wound in the area as they were the most effective antibiotics. Prompt and timely treatment is therefore, recommended on the onset of wound infections.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-09DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3329
Fubara Aex, Kpormon L. B.
Diseases caused as a results of drinking contaminated water pose a severe risk to the public's health. In the current study, various drinking water sources in Diobu, Port Harcourt, were evaluated and their microbiological and physicochemical characteristics were compared. Drinking water samples were collected from a borehole and a sachet (packaged) source. Physicochemical and bacteriological investigations were conducted using standard analytical techniques. The results of physiochemical parameters revealed that sachet water samples had higher pH values than borehole water. The borehole water samples had a mean pH of 4.37±1.21 which was much lower than the W.H.O.- recommended range (6.5-8.5). The study’s Total Suspended Solids readings were within the permissible limits of 30.0 mg/l. The borehole samples had the highest concentration of 6.5±4.31mg/l, while the sachet water samples had the lowest concentration of 2.5±1.5 mg/l. Total Dissolved Solids ranged between 15.8±13.5mg/l in sachet water and 55.6±33.4 mg/l in samples from boreholes. The Electrical Conductivity values were recorded as 33.5±28.4 µScm-1 in sachet water and 136.6±73.9 µScm-1 in borehole water. The mean total alkalinity value in sachet water was 0.57±0.29 mg/l whereas in borehole water, it was 3.29±1.39 mg/l. For sachet water and borehole water, the levels of water hardness ranged from 1.95±0.84 mg/l to 10.67±3.21 mg/l, respectively. The range of biological oxygen demand was < 1±0.00 (for sachet water) to 2.13±13 (for borehole water). Dissolved oxygen levels ranged from 1.72±0.70 mg/l in sachet water to 1.95±0.62 mg/l in borehole water. Chemical oxygen demand levels ranged from 2.38±1.18mg/l (Sachet water) to 11.31±9.49 (Borehole water) while Turbidity ranged from <1±0.00 NTU (Sachet water) to 1.1±0.64 NTU (Borehole water). Except for Chemical Oxygen Demand, there was no difference in the values that were observed that was significant at P≥ 0.05 in this study. The mean total bacterial counts ranged from 2.0 x 104 CFU/ml in sachet water to 9.0 x104 CFU/ml in borehole water, demonstrating high levels of contamination in the borehole water from human contamination. Comparatively to the other water sources, sachet water had the lowest overall bacterial and coliform levels. However, because the bacteriological values for total coliform counts was above the WHO threshold of zero per 100 ml, they did not comply with international standards. Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Escherichia coli were the pathogenic bacteria of public health significance that were isolated from the diverse water samples. Five distinct isolates of fungi, including Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma spp., and Mucor spp., were found. In comparison to borehole water, which had the most bacterial pollutants, sachet water tests had the fewest. It is advised that the water sources be treated before being used for any domestic purposes as the water sources i
{"title":"A Comparative Assessment of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Some Drinking Water Sources in Diobu, Portharcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Fubara Aex, Kpormon L. B.","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3329","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases caused as a results of drinking contaminated water pose a severe risk to the public's health. In the current study, various drinking water sources in Diobu, Port Harcourt, were evaluated and their microbiological and physicochemical characteristics were compared. Drinking water samples were collected from a borehole and a sachet (packaged) source. Physicochemical and bacteriological investigations were conducted using standard analytical techniques. The results of physiochemical parameters revealed that sachet water samples had higher pH values than borehole water. The borehole water samples had a mean pH of 4.37±1.21 which was much lower than the W.H.O.- recommended range (6.5-8.5). The study’s Total Suspended Solids readings were within the permissible limits of 30.0 mg/l. The borehole samples had the highest concentration of 6.5±4.31mg/l, while the sachet water samples had the lowest concentration of 2.5±1.5 mg/l. Total Dissolved Solids ranged between 15.8±13.5mg/l in sachet water and 55.6±33.4 mg/l in samples from boreholes. The Electrical Conductivity values were recorded as 33.5±28.4 µScm-1 in sachet water and 136.6±73.9 µScm-1 in borehole water. The mean total alkalinity value in sachet water was 0.57±0.29 mg/l whereas in borehole water, it was 3.29±1.39 mg/l. For sachet water and borehole water, the levels of water hardness ranged from 1.95±0.84 mg/l to 10.67±3.21 mg/l, respectively. The range of biological oxygen demand was < 1±0.00 (for sachet water) to 2.13±13 (for borehole water). Dissolved oxygen levels ranged from 1.72±0.70 mg/l in sachet water to 1.95±0.62 mg/l in borehole water. Chemical oxygen demand levels ranged from 2.38±1.18mg/l (Sachet water) to 11.31±9.49 (Borehole water) while Turbidity ranged from <1±0.00 NTU (Sachet water) to 1.1±0.64 NTU (Borehole water). Except for Chemical Oxygen Demand, there was no difference in the values that were observed that was significant at P≥ 0.05 in this study. The mean total bacterial counts ranged from 2.0 x 104 CFU/ml in sachet water to 9.0 x104 CFU/ml in borehole water, demonstrating high levels of contamination in the borehole water from human contamination. Comparatively to the other water sources, sachet water had the lowest overall bacterial and coliform levels. However, because the bacteriological values for total coliform counts was above the WHO threshold of zero per 100 ml, they did not comply with international standards. Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Escherichia coli were the pathogenic bacteria of public health significance that were isolated from the diverse water samples. Five distinct isolates of fungi, including Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma spp., and Mucor spp., were found. In comparison to borehole water, which had the most bacterial pollutants, sachet water tests had the fewest. It is advised that the water sources be treated before being used for any domestic purposes as the water sources i","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3328
W. Olufunmilayo, Jaja, Soba Emmanuel, Nrior Renna Renna
There have been worry over the Niger Delta's environmental contamination. Bacteria and other microorganisms have shown to be very helpful in the breakdown of hydrocarbons generated from petroleum. The goal of this research is to use elbow bufallow grass and sedge plants for phytoremediation of soil affected by crude oil. Standard microbiological techniques were applied to the contaminated soil once it was gathered. Using a hand auger, contaminated soil samples were taken twice a month for three months from two separate locations in Rivers State at two distinct depths: 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. The following physicochemical parameters of samples were analysed using Standard Laboratory Procedures: pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium available in the polluted soil and the total hydrocarbon content (THC). Two plant species common in the Ogoni region of Rivers state, i.e. Sedge plant (Schoenoplectus), Elbow buffalo grass (Panicum subalbidum) were used for phytoremediation monitoring. A combination of treatment consisting of the application of Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus substilis, Panicum subalbidum and Schoenoplectus senegalensis was evaluated during 28 days of remediation. Each pot contained crude oil mixture in the soil as a sole source of carbon and energy. THB counts ranged from 2.35 to 4.15 cfu/g. The statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the total heterotrophic bacteria counts between the samples. HUB counts range from 0.7 to 1.45cfu/g. The total bacterial population counts obtained from soil sample during bioremediation monitoring ranged from 17+1.41 (CS+PAN) to 40+1.412cfu/g (CS+PSE+BAC+PAN) in Day 1. Results of Day 14 range from 13+1.41 (CS+PAN) to 35.5+3.542cfu/g (CS+BAC+SCH). Results of Day 28 ranged from 8.5+0.71 (CS+PAN) to 27+1.412cfu/g (CS+PSE+BAC+PAN). The presence of microbial activity was determined by the enumeration and isolation of total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. The results of physicochemical parameters before bioremediation is as follows: pH (5.43), Temperature (27oC), Electrical conductivity (9), Moisture content (7.80%), Total organic carbon (0.93%), Soil organic matter (1.60%), Nitrogen (56.695mg/kg), Phosphorus (0.621mg/kg), Potassium (7.125mg/kg) and Total Hydrocarbon content (700mg/kg). Results revealed amount of soil hydrocarbon removed and percentage (%) Bioremediation remediated after 28 days of monitoring to be higher in set up with CS+PSE+SCH (3454mg/kg; 85.28%) and lowest in set up with US+SCH (434mg/kg: 62%) and the amount of root hydrocarbon content removed and percentage (%) Bioremediation remediated after 28 days of monitoring to be higher in set up with CS+BAC+SCH (632Mg/kg; 15.6%) and lowest in set up with US+SCH (12.2mg/kg; 1.74%). Three (3) most occurring hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial isolates were isolated and identified culturally and phenotypically from the soil samples these bacteria isolates were confirmed to be Peudom
{"title":"Enhanced Phytoremediation and Physicochemical Parameters of Crude Oil Polluted Soil Using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus substilis","authors":"W. Olufunmilayo, Jaja, Soba Emmanuel, Nrior Renna Renna","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i3328","url":null,"abstract":"There have been worry over the Niger Delta's environmental contamination. Bacteria and other microorganisms have shown to be very helpful in the breakdown of hydrocarbons generated from petroleum. The goal of this research is to use elbow bufallow grass and sedge plants for phytoremediation of soil affected by crude oil. Standard microbiological techniques were applied to the contaminated soil once it was gathered. Using a hand auger, contaminated soil samples were taken twice a month for three months from two separate locations in Rivers State at two distinct depths: 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. The following physicochemical parameters of samples were analysed using Standard Laboratory Procedures: pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium available in the polluted soil and the total hydrocarbon content (THC). Two plant species common in the Ogoni region of Rivers state, i.e. Sedge plant (Schoenoplectus), Elbow buffalo grass (Panicum subalbidum) were used for phytoremediation monitoring. A combination of treatment consisting of the application of Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus substilis, Panicum subalbidum and Schoenoplectus senegalensis was evaluated during 28 days of remediation. Each pot contained crude oil mixture in the soil as a sole source of carbon and energy. THB counts ranged from 2.35 to 4.15 cfu/g. The statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the total heterotrophic bacteria counts between the samples. HUB counts range from 0.7 to 1.45cfu/g. The total bacterial population counts obtained from soil sample during bioremediation monitoring ranged from 17+1.41 (CS+PAN) to 40+1.412cfu/g (CS+PSE+BAC+PAN) in Day 1. Results of Day 14 range from 13+1.41 (CS+PAN) to 35.5+3.542cfu/g (CS+BAC+SCH). Results of Day 28 ranged from 8.5+0.71 (CS+PAN) to 27+1.412cfu/g (CS+PSE+BAC+PAN). The presence of microbial activity was determined by the enumeration and isolation of total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. The results of physicochemical parameters before bioremediation is as follows: pH (5.43), Temperature (27oC), Electrical conductivity (9), Moisture content (7.80%), Total organic carbon (0.93%), Soil organic matter (1.60%), Nitrogen (56.695mg/kg), Phosphorus (0.621mg/kg), Potassium (7.125mg/kg) and Total Hydrocarbon content (700mg/kg). Results revealed amount of soil hydrocarbon removed and percentage (%) Bioremediation remediated after 28 days of monitoring to be higher in set up with CS+PSE+SCH (3454mg/kg; 85.28%) and lowest in set up with US+SCH (434mg/kg: 62%) and the amount of root hydrocarbon content removed and percentage (%) Bioremediation remediated after 28 days of monitoring to be higher in set up with CS+BAC+SCH (632Mg/kg; 15.6%) and lowest in set up with US+SCH (12.2mg/kg; 1.74%). \u0000Three (3) most occurring hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial isolates were isolated and identified culturally and phenotypically from the soil samples these bacteria isolates were confirmed to be Peudom","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2327
Tosin Akin Akinmolayan, Jude Oluwapelumi Alao, E. D. Wilkie, Daniel Abayomi Odeyemi, Taofikat Olatundun Akintoyese, Abosede Yetunde Owolabi
Campylobacteriosis, a major foodborne illness caused by Campylobacter, poses significant challenges in poultry production. This review examines strategies to mitigate Campylobacter prevalence and foodborne outbreaks in poultry. Antibiotic therapy is limited due to Campylobacter's antibiotic resistance. Natural alternatives, including bacteriocins, phages, probiotics, essential oils, and plant-derived compounds, show promise in combating Campylobacter and improving meat safety. Biosecurity measures and hygiene practices are crucial in preventing Campylobacter introduction and colonization. Strict protocols and cleanliness reduce contamination. Nutritional interventions and vaccination strategies enhance disease resistance and immune responses in poultry. Nanotechnology, particularly ZnO nanoparticles, exhibits antimicrobial efficacy against Campylobacter and other bacteria. Electrostatic interaction with cell walls and the production of reactive oxygen species disrupt bacterial membranes and intracellular components. A comprehensive approach integrating natural alternatives, biosecurity, nutrition, and nanotechnology is necessary for effective Campylobacter control. Continued research and adherence to hygiene practices can reduce Campylobacter contamination, improve food safety, and protect public health.
{"title":"Strategies for Controlling Campylobacter in Poultry Production: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Potential Solutions","authors":"Tosin Akin Akinmolayan, Jude Oluwapelumi Alao, E. D. Wilkie, Daniel Abayomi Odeyemi, Taofikat Olatundun Akintoyese, Abosede Yetunde Owolabi","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2327","url":null,"abstract":"Campylobacteriosis, a major foodborne illness caused by Campylobacter, poses significant challenges in poultry production. This review examines strategies to mitigate Campylobacter prevalence and foodborne outbreaks in poultry. Antibiotic therapy is limited due to Campylobacter's antibiotic resistance. Natural alternatives, including bacteriocins, phages, probiotics, essential oils, and plant-derived compounds, show promise in combating Campylobacter and improving meat safety. Biosecurity measures and hygiene practices are crucial in preventing Campylobacter introduction and colonization. Strict protocols and cleanliness reduce contamination. Nutritional interventions and vaccination strategies enhance disease resistance and immune responses in poultry. Nanotechnology, particularly ZnO nanoparticles, exhibits antimicrobial efficacy against Campylobacter and other bacteria. Electrostatic interaction with cell walls and the production of reactive oxygen species disrupt bacterial membranes and intracellular components. A comprehensive approach integrating natural alternatives, biosecurity, nutrition, and nanotechnology is necessary for effective Campylobacter control. Continued research and adherence to hygiene practices can reduce Campylobacter contamination, improve food safety, and protect public health.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2326
Almou Abdoulaye Alio, Alio Sanda Abdel-Kader, Yaou Chaibou, R. M. Moustapha, Mahamane Idi Issa Abdoulahi, Sabo Haoua Seini, Sadou Hassimi
Vegetables are an important and varied source of food that complements the dietary needs of populations whose basic diet consists mainly of carbohydrates, the main energy source. The general aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for bacteriological contamination of vegetables associated with sales practices, through a survey of sales markets. Vegetable sales are carried out by men (87.59%), most of them are aged between 20 and 39 (68.70%) and are not educated (68.70%). Practices at risk of bacteriological contamination include using public toilets (80.87%), not washing hands with soap after using the toilet (36.56%), washing vegetables at the reception (39.13%), using water from public toilets (55.56%), displaying vegetables on unhygienic supports (60.00%), selling vegetables by the side of public roads (55.65%) or near open canals (4.35%). These practices are likely to result in bacteriological contamination of vegetables on the markets. Therefore, it seems much more necessary to training vegetable vendors and raise their awareness of the risks of bacteriological contamination of vegetables.
{"title":"Assessment of Risk Factors of Bacteriological Contamination of Vegetables Sold on the Markets of Niamey, Niger","authors":"Almou Abdoulaye Alio, Alio Sanda Abdel-Kader, Yaou Chaibou, R. M. Moustapha, Mahamane Idi Issa Abdoulahi, Sabo Haoua Seini, Sadou Hassimi","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2326","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are an important and varied source of food that complements the dietary needs of populations whose basic diet consists mainly of carbohydrates, the main energy source. The general aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for bacteriological contamination of vegetables associated with sales practices, through a survey of sales markets. Vegetable sales are carried out by men (87.59%), most of them are aged between 20 and 39 (68.70%) and are not educated (68.70%). Practices at risk of bacteriological contamination include using public toilets (80.87%), not washing hands with soap after using the toilet (36.56%), washing vegetables at the reception (39.13%), using water from public toilets (55.56%), displaying vegetables on unhygienic supports (60.00%), selling vegetables by the side of public roads (55.65%) or near open canals (4.35%). These practices are likely to result in bacteriological contamination of vegetables on the markets. Therefore, it seems much more necessary to training vegetable vendors and raise their awareness of the risks of bacteriological contamination of vegetables. ","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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