South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Vibrio Spp. from Catfish (Arius heudelotii) Harvested from New Calabar River in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Odoemelam H. A., Wemedo S. A., Akani, N. P., Douglas S. I.","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2325","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at the isolation and identification of Vibrio spp. associated with Arius heudelotii, a catfish from a wild environment. Twenty-four Arius heudelotii (Catfish) were collected from the New Calabar River Choba, in Obio-Akpor LGA in Rivers State, Nigeria, and were processed to sample their skin, gills, and intestines. The Vibrio spp. associated with the gills, skins, and intestines of Arius heudelotii fish and water samples from the New Calabar River were isolated and identified. Ten Vibrio species (V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. mimicus, V. mytili, V. anguilarum, V. furnissii, V. diazotrophic, Alliivibrio fisheri, V. xuii and V. gazogenes) were isolated and presumptively identified based on the morphological and biochemical test. A total of 96 Vibrio species were isolated n=31 (32.4%), n=11 (11.5%), n=24 (25%), and n=30 (31.2%) for gills, skin, intestine, and water samples, respectively. Among the Vibrio species isolated V. parahaemolyticus 18.6%, was the most predominant, this was followed by V. Vulnificus 17.7%, V, Cholerae 14.6%, V. alginolyticus 11.6%, V. mimicus 8.3%, V. furnissii 7.3%, V. mytili 6.3%, V. anguilarum 6.3%, and Alliivibrio fisheri 6.3% and V. diazotrophic was the least predominant 3.1%. Vibrio organisms can be pathogenic. Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence of Vibrio spp. that are capable of causing sickness to humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"69 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Common Herbs to Control Microbial Aerosols in Toilet Rooms","authors":"Noble I. Nwala, C. A. Ekwueme, Uguomore Edmond Osebhajimhende","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2324","url":null,"abstract":"Four distinct plant species were used in an investigation into the capacity of plant active volatile essence to eradicate microorganisms in the atmosphere (bioaerosols) in restrooms: Allium sativum (garlic), Allium cepa (onion), Zingiber officinalis (ginger), and Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf). The study was conducted in the student restrooms for microbiology at Rivers State University Nkpolu Oroworukwu in Port Harcourt. Sedimentation method of aerosol sampling was used to collect the air samples. Artificial culture media were exposed to air at different times, including nutrient agar for total heterotrophic bacteria, Mac Conkey agar for enteric bacteria, sadour and dextrose agar for aerobic fungi, thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar for vibrio, Cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar for urinary pathogens, and mannitol salt agar for staphylococcus. Samples was taken from the toilet without any mashed plant and served as a control. The THB isolates identified were Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Lactobacillus sp, Enterococcus sp, Corynobacterium sp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia. While the fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, pennicillum sp, Rhizopus sp, Saccharomyces sp, Mucor Sp, Candida sp, Asperillus flavus, Fusarium sp. It can be deduced that these medicinal herbs has the ability in reducing microbial aerosol using ginger, onion, scent leaf, garlic also by combination of the herbs which are Onion & garlic, Onion & garlic, Onion & ginger, Garlic & scent leaf, Garlic & ginger, Scent leaf & ginger, Onion, garlic & scent leaf, Onion, garlic & ginger, Garlic, Scent leaf & ginger, Onion, garlic, scent leaf & ginger. Specifically the microbial aerosols in this investigation including bacteria and fungi were Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus species, Lactobacillus species, Enterococcus species, Corynobacterium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia. Aspergillus niger, pennicillum species, Rhizopus species, Saccharomyces species, Mucors species, Candida species, Asperillus flavus, Fusarium species. This work proved that microbial load can be reduced using natural means (plant extract).","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Bacteria-based Biostimulant Improved Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) Growth and Production in Mali","authors":"Djeneba Nantoumé, Adounigna Kassogué, Sognan Dao, A. Dicko, D. Ouattara, Ibrahim Mallé, Bakaye Doumbia, Rokiatou Fané, Fatoumata Alhadji Faradjia, Ousmane Diarra, Moctar Coulibalily, Christiane Dembelé, Amadou Hamadoun, A. Babana","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1322","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is usually the staple food of more than half of the world's population, and in particular that of Mali. Mali is among the largest producers of rice in West Africa. But also given the in-population growth and in consumption, Mali is forced to resort to imports to cover its rice needs, thus 45% of the rice sold on the national market comes from imports. For self-sufficiency in rice, the aim of this research is to formulate a biostimulant with high capacity to improve rice growth and production in Mali. Study Design: This experimental research involving a Malian local rice cultivar named Kogoni and biostimulant endophyte bacteria isolated from rice in Mali. Pace and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in greenhouse at LaboREM-Biotech and in the field at the Office of irrigated perimeters of Baguineda (OPIB) for 3 years. Study Design: To achieve this objective: endophyte bacteria with high plant growth promotion activities were selected from bacterial collection of LaboREM, biostimulants composed with selected endophytes were formulated, formulated biostimulants were tested in greenhouses and fields to prove their capacities to improve rice growth and production. Results: A total of five isolates, including 3 from Xoo and 2 from Xoc, were isolated in Niono from two varieties of rice: Kogoni91-1 and Adny11. No isolate characteristic of Xanthomonas oryzae was observed on samples from Baguineda. The three selected rice endophytes were tested in vitro to assess their effectiveness in controlling Xoo and Xoc. Following this test, 100% of the endophytes showed significant antimicrobial activity against Xoo and Xoc with an inhibition diameter varying between 6 and 28.5 mm. endo Ad9 was selected for its strong ability to inhibit the growth of both pathogens at the same time.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Malian Rice Seed Endophyte Bacteria Control Efficiently the Growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola","authors":"D. Ouattara, Sognan Dao, A. Dicko, Adounigna Kassogué, Djeneba Nantoumé, Ibrahim Mallé, Mamadou W. Bagayogo, Seydou Koné, Bakaye Doumbia, F. Faradji, Kangaye Amadou Diallo, Ousmane Diarra, Salimatou Samaké, Rokiatou Fané, Moctar Coulibalily, Christiane Dembelé, A. Babana","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i2323","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In Mali, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important cereal in the food system and important losses in rice production are caused by bacterial diseases. Despite the important rice losses in production and the proven ability of some bacteria to control rice pathogens, in Mali very few studies have been carried out in biocontrol. With the aim of improving food security, the objective of this work is to select, at least one endophyte bacteria with great capacity to inhibit the growth Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola. Study Design: This experimental research involving a Malian local rice cultivar named Kogoni and biocontrol endophyte bacteria isolated from rice in Mali. Pace and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in greenhouse at LaboREM-Biotech and in the field at the Office of irrigated perimeters of Baguineda (OPIB) for 3 years. Study Design: To achieve this objective, pathogenic bacteria (Xoo and Xoc) circulating in rice fields of Mali were identified, endophyte bacteria from the bacterial collection of the LaboREM with high antagonistic activities against the identified pathogens were selected, and the efficacy of the selected endophytes to inhibit the growth of these pathogens in vitro were tested. Results: A total of five isolates, including 3 from Xoo and 2 from Xoc, were isolated in Niono from two varieties of rice: Kogoni91-1 and Adny11. No isolate characteristic of Xanthomonas oryzae was observed on samples from Baguineda. The three selected rice endophytes were tested in vitro to assess their effectiveness in controlling Xoo and Xoc. Following this test, 100% of the endophytes showed significant antimicrobial activity against Xoo and Xoc with an inhibition diameter varying between 6 and 28.5mm. endo Ad9 was selected for its strong ability to inhibit the growth of both pathogens at the same time.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Assessment of Portable Water Sourced from Various Locations within Yenagoa Metropolis of Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"N. A. Osaribie, O. Ewa, M. Aisha, E. Ekata, O. Oda, J. Wassagwa","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1321","url":null,"abstract":"The indispensability of water cannot be over emphasized being an essential resource upon which life thrives. Good quality water is critical to a healthy living. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of portable water obtained from different locations within the City of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Two categories of borehole water; Treated Borehole Water Sample (TS) and the Untreated Borehole Water Sample (US) were randomly sourced from eight locations within Yenagoa. Analysis was performed on the samples to determine their physicochemical, chemical and microbiological qualities using standard procedures. While the pH values reported for the TS and US sourced from Opolo and Swali were within the WHO acceptable limit, the value recorded on the turbidity of US fetched from Onopa, Opolo, Okaka and Amarata were in tandem with the stipulated WHO value for turbidity of drinking water. The temperature reported for all samples was deviant to the stipulated WHO standard for water meant for drinking. On the Total Solid reported for the samples, only the values reported for TS sourced from Onopa, Opolo, and Etegwe were in line with the WHO standard for TS in drinking water. The concentration of Ca, K, and Na reported for US sample sourced from Okaka were higher than those reported for water samples fetched from other sources studied. However, the concentration of Mg in the US sourced from Kpansia was higher than that reported for other samples, while the presence of E. coli and coliform was scanty. In conclusion, it can be deduced from these findings, which qualities of the US were in line with the WHO stipulation even though more samples from TS and US were either below or above the recommended values.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Survey of Animate and Inanimate Surfaces in a Correctional Center, South-South, Nigeria","authors":"C. I. Ohanekwu, T. Sampson, L. Peekate","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1320","url":null,"abstract":"Correctional centers (formerly referred to as prisons, in Nigeria) are facilities where offenders of the law are kept after been convicted of a crime. Many factors have in recent time contributed to an increasing rate of morbidity and mortality in these facilities, including overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions, inadequate ventilation, extreme temperatures, inadequate means for maintaining personal hygiene, lack of access to clean drinking water, and nutritionally deficient food. This study therefore centered on the microbiological survey of animate and inanimate surfaces in a correctional center, South-South Nigeria. For this research, a total of 150 samples (100 from skin (upper arm) and 50 from wall surfaces) were collected from the inmate skins and inanimate surfaces, using sterile swab sticks and were immediately transported to the Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Rivers State University for analyses using standard microbiological procedures. Data obtained from the study showed the inmates within the age bracket 21-30 were the highest (44%) while the age bracket 71-80 represented the lowest (1%) number of inmates. The study showed that male inmates represented 75% of the prisoners studied while the female represented 25%. The result showed that 37% of the studied inmates had spent 2-4 years in the correctional center while the least period of exposure or stay in the facility was recorded for 13 years in the correctional center, which represented 1% of the inmates. The age bracket 21-30 recorded the highest number of microorganisms (39) and 71-80 showed the least (1). Different microbial species were recovered from the skin of the inmates and included Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp, Klebsiella spp, Bacillus spp, and Aspergillus spp., with Staphylococcus spp showing the highest occurrence of 48%, while Klebsiella spp had the least occurrence (1%).The study indicated that the correctional center could pose serious environmental health concerns, requiring public health interventions. Adequate personal hygiene should be encouraged among the inmates. Regular sanitation as well as adequate healthcare and routine checkup should therefore be made available to the inmates.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Molecular Detection of Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Urine Samples of Suspected UTI Patients Attending Public Hospitals in Nasarawa South Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"None Ashefo D. P., None Ngwai Y. B., None Ishaleku D., None Nkene I. H., None Abimiku R. H., None Tama S. C.","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1319","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of the current study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the incidence of resistance genes (β-lactamase-encoded genes) among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae.
 Study Design: Investigative.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2022 and July 2023.
 Methodology: A total of 375 clinical samples were randomly collected from patients and isolation and identification was done using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility testing for the isolates was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. The detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in K. pneumoniae isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test. In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.
 Results: The overall incidence rate of K. pneumoniae in the 375 clinical samples from Nasarawa South Senatorial District was 38 (10.13%). Resistance was high to ampicillin (94.74%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (73.6%) but low to cefotaxime (13.16%), ceftriaxone (18.42%), ceftazidime and cefoxitin (23.60%) and gentamicin (28.94%). Most of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR; 81.5%) and none was Pan Drug resistant. All 15 isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin 100.0% were ESBL producers, distributed as follows: blaCTX-M-1 7(46.6%); blaCTX-M-34(26.6%); blaSHV 6(40.0%); blaTEM6 (40.0%); and blaOXA 5(33.3%).
 Conclusion: K. pneumoniae isolated from the urine of patients attending public hospitals in Nasarawa South were less resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin in the study location. This implies that the antibiotics are useful in the treatment of infection caused by K. pneumoniae. Also, ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae isolates harbored ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M as the most common.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"32 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from Organic Fertilized Farm Soils and Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) in Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Soibibo Alabo Harry, Janet Olufunmilaya Williams, Salome I. Douglas","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v17i1318","url":null,"abstract":"The use of antibiotics in agriculture is believed to contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance, and consumption of vegetables represents a route of direct human exposure to resistant bacteria found in soil. This study was carried out to isolate and characterize antibiotic resistant bacteria from poultry dropping fertilized farm soils in Aluu community Rivers State. Thirty-six (36) soil and waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) samples were collected for a period of three months from the vegetable farms and subjected to standard microbiological procedures such as standard plate counts, identification, sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and molecular identification. The total heterotrophic bacterial (THB), Staphylococcal, and total coliform counts ranged from2.72±0.52x106 to 7.30±3.54x106Cfu/g; 0x105to 4.30±0.28x105Cfu/g; 0x105 to 21.40±2.26x105Cfu/g and 2.65±0.21x105 to 3.10±0.85x105Cfu/g for FarmsA, B and C respectively. There was a significant difference (p˂0.05) in the total heterotrophic, coliform bacterial count but no significant difference in Staphylococcal and Salmonella-Shigella count between the different vegetable farms sampled in month one. THB, Staphylococcal, Faecal coliform (FC), coliform, Salmonella-Shigella counts ranged from3.80±1.83x106 to 4.69±1.69x106cfu/g; 1.08±0.04x105 to 1.40±0.11x105Cfu/g; 2.00±0.42x104 to 8.30±2.12x104Cfu/g; 3.95±0.21x105 to 5.95±0.21x105Cfu/g and 1.20±0.28x104to 2.40±0.85x104Cfu/g for FarmsA and B respectively. There was no significant difference (p˂0.05) in the THB, Salmonella-Shigella, Total coliform (TC) counts, but there was a significant difference in the Staphylococcal and faecal coliform counts between the different vegetable farms sampled for month two. The bacterial isolates identified were as follows; Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas spp Proteus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Serratia marcesens and Serratia nematodiphila. Forty-six (46) bacterial isolates were isolated from the soils and vegetables. Escherichia coli had the highest occurrence (75%) and Bacillus spp (9.09%) had the least occurrence. The susceptibility pattern of Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Enterobacter spp, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Pseudomonas sppand Proteus sppwere all susceptible to Ofloxacin, and gentamicin (100%) and resistant to Ceftazidime, Cefixime and Augmentin (100%). Hundred-percent (100%) of the bacterial isolates had multidrug resistance index greater than 0.2 and QnrA resistant gene were found in the resistant bacterial isolates. In conclusion, the use of antibiotic indiscriminately for agricultural purposes should be discouraged because of multiple antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Influence of Culture Media and Neem Cake Extract on the Growth Rate of Three Soil Borne Fungi (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Sclerotium rolfsii)","authors":"Daniel Offiong Etim, Bassey Rosemary Aniete, Ndarake Eden Ini-Ibehe, Etim Johnson Umana, Ireozor Nancy","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4317","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the performance and efficacy of three fungi on pure Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA); SDA, PDA and MEA modified in combination with different neem cake concentrations.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between July 2021 and September, 2021.
 Methodology: Fungal pathogens were isolated from soil samples and infected fruits of water melon. Different culture media were used to grow the pathogens. Chloramphenicol (250mg) was added to each medium, autoclaved at 1210C for 15 minutes, and kept at room temperature of 21 ± 10C. After inoculation, colonies were sub cultured to obtain pure culture. Media modification was achieved by adding 10g, 20g, 30g and 40g of extract. Cork borer (5mm) of fungi stock culture were transferred to Petri dishes. Linear growth of fungi was recorded after 16 hours. Average linear growth rate was measured at 12 hours interval for five days.
 Results: Spore concentration of Sclerotium rolfsii was significantly higher in pure media than in modified media. Among modified media, concentrations were significantly higher in both PDA and MEA at 1.60x106 spores/ml. Trichoderma viride on pure SDA produced the highest spore concentration at 4.80x106 spores/ml followed by pure PDA at 4.10x106 spores/ml, whereas on the modified media, MEA had the highest spore concentration at 1.80x106 spores/ml. Pure Potato Dextroes Agar (PDA) of Trichoderma harzianum produced the highest spores at 6.10x106 spores/ml while MEA and SDA had close range of spore production at 4.90x106 and 4.30x106 spores/ml respectively. Modified MEA had the highest spore concentration at 1.30x106 spores/ml followed by SDA which had 1.1x106 spores/ml.
 Conclusion: The mycelia growth rate reveals that both pure and modified MEA supported the growth of all the fungi better than PDA and SDA.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Variation of Methanogenic Microbial Community in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Anaerobic Digester","authors":"Hui Jing Ng, Nur Kamilah Abd Jalil, Jemilatu Omuwa Audu, Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i4316","url":null,"abstract":"Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME) serve as suitable substrates for methane gas production through anaerobic digestion. This process relies on a complex microbial community that plays a critical role in ensuring stable anaerobic digester operation and efficient biogas production. Among these microorganisms, methanogenic archaea are pivotal in methane generation by utilizing diverse substrates under anoxic conditions. However, the knowledge of the microbial communities, particularly those involved in methane production in POME anaerobic sludge at different time intervals, remains limited. This study aims to uncover temporal variations in microbial communities, including diversity, composition, and structure, within POME anaerobic sludge, specifically focusing on the methanogenic archaea community. The temporal dynamics of microbial communities in the eighteen POME anaerobic sludge samples collected from a palm oil mill were investigated through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results reveal consistent microbial community diversity in POME anaerobic sludge over the study periods. Then, the sequencing also showed that Bacillota (26.9 ± 3.3%), Bacteroidota (20.2 ± 5.3%), and Chloroflexota (15.0% ± 6.3%) were the dominant bacterial phyla in POME anaerobic sludge across different time frames. Concurrently, Halobacteriota (5.9 ± 2.8%), Methanobacteriota (2.5 ± 0.6%), and Nanoarchaeota (2.3 ± 1.2%) were the primary archaeal phyla identified in anaerobic sludge at various time intervals. Furthermore, amplicon sequencing revealed the presence of two methanogenic archaea genera, Methanothrix and Methanobacterium, associated with acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, respectively. These findings suggest that acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathways are the primary contributors to methane production in the POME anaerobic digestion process.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}