Sociological Methods & Research最新文献

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A Theory of Higher Order Interactions Between Sensitive Variables: Empirical Evidences and an Application to a Variety of Smoking 敏感变量之间的高阶相互作用理论：经验证据及其在各种吸烟中的应用

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/0049124120986203

Oluwaseun L. Olanipekun, JuLong Zhao, Rongdong Wang, Stephen A.Sedory, Sarjinder Singh

In carrying out surveys involving sensitive characteristics, randomized response models have been considered among the best techniques since they provide the maximum privacy protection to the respondents and procure honest responses. Over the years, researchers have carried out studies on the estimation of proportions of the population possessing sensitive characteristics. However, there is a paucity of research studies that have addressed higher order interactions between these sensitive characters. In this article, we develop a new theory based on three proposed randomized response models which we name as: simple model, semi-crossed model, and fully crossed model. Twenty-one new unbiased estimators of seven parameters are introduced, their variance expressions are derived, and unbiased estimators of variances are developed. The three models are compared under various values of the parameters by computing the percent relative efficiency of one model over another model. The most efficient model is then applied to study the population proportions of three varieties of smoking habits among students, and their first- and second-order interactions. The last four sections (Ninth to Twelfth) are verifications of theoretical results using the Cramer–Rao lower bounds of variances for the developed 21 new estimators in randomized response sampling.

在进行涉及敏感特征的调查时，随机反应模型被认为是最好的技术之一，因为它们为受访者提供了最大程度的隐私保护，并获得了诚实的回答。多年来，研究人员对具有敏感特征的人口比例的估计进行了研究。然而，研究这些敏感特征之间的高阶相互作用的研究很少。在本文中，我们在三种随机响应模型的基础上发展了一个新的理论，我们将其命名为简单模型、半交叉模型和完全交叉模型。引入了7个参数的21个新的无偏估计量，推导了它们的方差表达式，并给出了方差的无偏估计量。通过计算一种模型相对于另一种模型的相对效率百分比，对三种模型在不同参数值下进行了比较。然后将最有效的模型应用于研究学生中三种吸烟习惯的总体比例，以及它们的一阶和二阶相互作用。最后四节(第九至第十二节)是使用随机响应抽样中开发的21个新估计量的Cramer-Rao方差下界验证理论结果。

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引用次数: 3

Robustness and Model Selection in Configurational Causal Modeling 组态因果模型的鲁棒性与模型选择

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/0049124120986200

Veli-Pekka Parkkinen, Michael Baumgartner

In recent years, proponents of configurational comparative methods (CCMs) have advanced various dimensions of robustness as instrumental to model selection. But these robustness considerations have not led to computable robustness measures, and they have typically been applied to the analysis of real-life data with unknown underlying causal structures, rendering it impossible to determine exactly how they influence the correctness of selected models. This article develops a computable criterion of fit-robustness, which quantifies the degree to which a CCM model agrees with other models inferred from the same data under systematically varied threshold settings of fit parameters. Based on two extended series of inverse search trials on data simulated from known causal structures, the article moreover provides a precise assessment of the degree to which fit-robustness scoring is conducive to finding a correct causal model and how it compares to other approaches of model selection.

近年来，构型比较方法(CCMs)的支持者提出了鲁棒性的各种维度，作为模型选择的工具。但是，这些鲁棒性考虑并没有导致可计算的鲁棒性度量，它们通常被应用于具有未知潜在因果结构的现实数据的分析，因此不可能准确确定它们如何影响所选模型的正确性。本文开发了一个可计算的拟合稳健性准则，它量化了在系统变化的拟合参数阈值设置下，CCM模型与从相同数据推断的其他模型的一致程度。基于对已知因果结构模拟数据的两个扩展系列逆搜索试验，本文还提供了对拟合稳健性评分有助于找到正确因果模型的程度的精确评估，以及与其他模型选择方法的比较。

引用次数: 10

Surprising Causes: Propensity-adjusted Treatment Scores for Multimethod Case Selection 令人惊讶的原因：多方法病例选择的倾向性调整治疗分数

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211004632

Daniel J. Galvin, Jason N. Seawright

Scholarship on multimethod case selection in the social sciences has developed rapidly in recent years, but many possibilities remain unexplored. This essay introduces an attractive and advantageou...

近年来，社会科学中关于多方法案例选择的学术研究发展迅速，但仍有许多可能性有待探索。本文介绍了一种既有吸引力又有优势的。。。

引用次数: 1

Understanding the “Grievance Studies Affair” Papers and Why They Should Be Reinstated: A Response to Geoff Cole 理解“冤情研究事件”论文及其为什么应该恢复——对Geoff Cole的回应

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211009946

Helen Pluckrose, James Lindsay, Peter G. Boghossian

In April, 2020, Dr. Geoff Cole published, “Why the ‘Hoax’ Paper of Baldwin (2018) Should Be Reinstated.” We are the authors of the “Baldwin” paper published in Fat Studies. The paper satirized theoretical ideas within Fat Studies as part of a larger project to demonstrate the lack of rigor in certain theoretical approaches to cultural studies. In this response, we agree with Cole that our project should not be understood as hoaxes and that the retracted article should be reinstated, but defend our methods.

2020年4月，Geoff Cole博士发表了《为什么鲍德温(2018)的‘骗局’论文应该被恢复》。我们是发表在《脂肪研究》上的“Baldwin”论文的作者。这篇论文讽刺了脂肪研究中的理论观点，作为一个更大项目的一部分，以证明某些文化研究的理论方法缺乏严谨性。在此回应中，我们同意Cole的观点，即我们的项目不应被理解为骗局，撤回的文章应被恢复，但我们为我们的方法辩护。

引用次数: 4

An Improved Two-stage Randomized Response Model for Estimating the Proportion of Sensitive Attribute 敏感属性比例估计的改进两阶段随机响应模型

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211009950

Ghulam Narjis, J. Shabbir

The randomized response technique (RRT) is an effective method designed to obtain the stigmatized information from respondents while assuring the privacy. In this study, we propose a new two-stage RRT model to estimate the prevalence of sensitive attribute ( π ). A simulation study shows that the empirical mean and variance of proposed estimator are close to corresponding theoretical values. The utility of proposed two-stage RRT model under stratification is also explored. An efficiency comparison between proposed two-stage RRT model and some existing RRT models is carried out numerically under simple and stratified random sampling.

随机应答技术(RRT)是在保证隐私的前提下获取被调查者污名化信息的有效方法。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个新的两阶段RRT模型来估计敏感属性(π)的流行率。仿真研究表明，所提估计量的经验均值和方差都接近于相应的理论值。本文还探讨了所提出的两阶段RRT模型在分层下的效用。在简单分层随机抽样条件下，对两阶段RRT模型与现有RRT模型的效率进行了数值比较。

引用次数: 6

How Accurate Are Self-reports of Voluntary Association Memberships? 自愿协会会员的自我报告准确度如何？

IF 6.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/0049124118799384

Robyn Rap, Pamela Paxton

Questions on voluntary association memberships have been used extensively in social scientific research for decades. Researchers generally assume that these respondent self-reports are accurate, but their measurement has never been assessed. Respondent characteristics are known to influence the accuracy of other self-report variables such as self-reported health, voting, or test scores. In this article, we investigate whether measurement error occurs in self-reports of voluntary association memberships. We use the 2004 General Social Survey (GSS) questions on voluntary associations, which include a novel resource: the actual organization names listed by respondents. We find that this widely used voluntary association classification scheme contains significant amounts of measurement error overall, especially within certain categories. Using a multilevel logistic regression, we predict accuracy of response nested within respondents and interviewers. We find that certain respondent characteristics, including some used in research on voluntary associations, influence respondent accuracy. Inaccurate and/or incorrect measurement will affect the statistics and conclusions drawn from the data on voluntary associations.

几十年来，关于自愿协会成员资格的问题在社会科学研究中得到了广泛应用。研究人员通常认为这些受访者的自我报告是准确的，但他们的测量从未得到评估。众所周知，受访者的特征会影响其他自我报告变量的准确性，如自我报告的健康状况、投票或考试成绩。在这篇文章中，我们调查了自愿协会成员的自我报告中是否发生了测量误差。我们使用了2004年关于志愿协会的一般社会调查（GSS）问题，其中包括一个新的资源：受访者列出的实际组织名称。我们发现，这种广泛使用的自愿协会分类方案总体上包含大量的测量误差，尤其是在某些类别中。使用多水平逻辑回归，我们预测嵌套在受访者和访谈者中的回答的准确性。我们发现，某些受访者特征，包括一些在自愿协会研究中使用的特征，会影响受访者的准确性。不准确和/或不正确的测量将影响从自愿协会数据中得出的统计数据和结论。

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引用次数: 0

The Grievance Studies Affair; One Funeral at a Time: A Reply to Pluckrose, Lindsay, and Boghossian 申诉研究事务;一次一个葬礼:对普拉克罗斯、林赛和波格森的回复

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211009949

G. Cole

In 2018, Lindsay, Boghossian, and Pluckrose published four “hoax” articles within a number of disciplines that rely on critical theory (e.g., gender studies, feminism). When revealing the project, the authors argued that they wanted to expose these fields as being primarily motivated by ideology and social justice rather than knowledge generation. Their method tested the hypothesis that editors and reviewers will support papers that advocate “ludicrous” ideas including “fat bodybuilding.” In the pages of this journal, I presented a critique of their procedure, and the authors have provided a commentary on my article. After discussing the issue of whether their project was a hoax or not, I will argue that the crux of the matter is whether the papers were ludicrous/absurd. I will show how the authors made a fundamental error in their method; they failed to assess whether their ideas were indeed ludicrous/absurd.

2018年，Lindsay、Boghossian和Pluckrose发表了四篇“恶作剧”文章，涉及一些依赖批判理论的学科(例如，性别研究、女权主义)。在揭示该项目时，作者认为他们想要揭示这些领域主要是由意识形态和社会正义驱动的，而不是知识的产生。他们的方法验证了一个假设，即编辑和审稿人会支持提倡“可笑”想法的论文，包括“肥胖健美”。在这本杂志的页面上，我对他们的程序提出了批评，作者对我的文章进行了评论。在讨论了他们的项目是否是个骗局之后，我认为问题的关键在于这些论文是否荒唐可笑。我将说明作者是如何在他们的方法中犯了一个根本性的错误;他们没能判断出他们的想法是否真的荒唐可笑。

引用次数: 0

Path Analysis for Binary Random Variables 二元随机变量的路径分析

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211031260

Martina Raggi, E. Stanghellini, Marco Doretti

The decomposition of the overall effect of a treatment into direct and indirect effects is here investigated with reference to a recursive system of binary random variables. We show how, for the single mediator context, the marginal effect measured on the log odds scale can be written as the sum of the indirect and direct effects plus a residual term that vanishes under some specific conditions. We then extend our definitions to situations involving multiple mediators and address research questions concerning the decomposition of the total effect when some mediators on the pathway from the treatment to the outcome are marginalized over. Connections to the counterfactual definitions of the effects are also made. Data coming from an encouragement design on students’ attitude to visit museums in Florence, Italy, are reanalyzed. The estimates of the defined quantities are reported together with their standard errors to compute p values and form confidence intervals.

本文参考二元随机变量的递归系统，研究了将处理的总体效果分解为直接效应和间接效应的问题。我们表明，对于单一中介上下文，在对数赔率尺度上测量的边际效应如何可以写成间接和直接效应的总和加上在某些特定条件下消失的残差项。然后，我们将我们的定义扩展到涉及多个中介的情况，并解决了当从治疗到结果的路径上的一些中介被边缘化时有关总效应分解的研究问题。本文还对效应的反事实定义进行了联系。对意大利佛罗伦萨学生参观博物馆态度的鼓励设计数据进行重新分析。所定义数量的估计值与其标准误差一起报告，以计算p值并形成置信区间。

引用次数: 1

Response Behavior and Quality of Survey Data: Comparing Elderly Respondents in Institutions and Private Households 调查数据的响应行为和质量：机构和私人家庭中老年受访者的比较

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/0049124121995534

Jan-Lucas Schanze

An increasing age of respondents and cognitive impairment are usual suspects for increasing difficulties in survey interviews and a decreasing data quality. This is why survey researchers tend to label residents in retirement and nursing homes as hard-to-interview and exclude them from most social surveys. In this article, I examine to what extent this label is justified and whether quality of data collected among residents in institutions for the elderly really differs from data collected within private households. For this purpose, I analyze the response behavior and quality indicators in three waves of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. To control for confounding variables, I use propensity score matching to identify respondents in private households who share similar characteristics with institutionalized residents. My results confirm that most indicators of response behavior and data quality are worse in institutions compared to private households. However, when controlling for sociodemographic and health-related variables, differences get very small. These results suggest the importance of health for the data quality irrespective of the housing situation.

受访者年龄的增加和认知障碍通常是调查访谈困难增加和数据质量下降的原因。这就是为什么调查研究人员倾向于给养老院和疗养院的居民贴上难以采访的标签，并将他们排除在大多数社会调查之外。在这篇文章中，我研究了这个标签在多大程度上是合理的，以及在老年机构的居民中收集的数据质量是否真的与在私人家庭中收集的不同。为此，我分析了三波欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查中的反应行为和质量指标。为了控制混杂变量，我使用倾向得分匹配来识别私人家庭中与机构居民具有相似特征的受访者。我的研究结果证实，与私人家庭相比，机构中的大多数反应行为和数据质量指标都更差。然而，当控制社会人口统计学和健康相关变量时，差异会变得非常小。这些结果表明，无论住房情况如何，健康对数据质量的重要性。

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引用次数: 5

Non-invariance? An Overstated Problem With Misconceived Causes 非不变性？一个有错误原因的过度陈述问题

IF 6.3 2区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Methods & Research

Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/0049124121995521

C. Welzel, Lennart Brunkert, S. Kruse, R. Inglehart

Scholars study representative international surveys to understand cross-cultural differences in mentality patterns, which are measured via complex multi-item constructs. Methodologists in this field insist with increasing vigor that detecting “non-invariance” in how a construct’s items associate with each other in different national samples is an infallible sign of encultured in-equivalences in how respondents understand the items. Questioning this claim, we demonstrate that a main source of non-invariance is the arithmetic of closed-ended scales in the presence of sample mean disparity. Since arithmetic principles are culture-unspecific, the non-invariance that these principles enforce in statistical terms is inconclusive of encultured in-equivalences in semantic terms. Because of this inconclusiveness, our evidence reveals furthermore that non-invariance is inconsequential for the cross-cultural functioning of multi-item constructs as concerns their nomological linkages to other variables of interest. We discuss the implications of these insights for measurement validation in cross-cultural settings with large sample mean disparity.

学者们研究具有代表性的国际调查，以了解心理模式的跨文化差异，这些差异是通过复杂的多项目结构来衡量的。该领域的方法论者越来越强烈地坚持认为，在不同的国家样本中，检测到一个结构的项目如何相互关联的“非不变性”，是受访者理解项目的等效性的可靠标志。对这一说法提出质疑，我们证明了非不变性的一个主要来源是在存在样本平均视差的情况下闭端尺度的算法。由于算术原理在文化上是不特定的，因此这些原理在统计术语中强制执行的非不变性在语义术语的等价性中是不确定的。由于这种不确定性，我们的证据进一步表明，就多项目结构与其他感兴趣变量的法理联系而言，非不变性对于多项目结构的跨文化功能来说是无关紧要的。我们讨论了这些见解对具有大样本均值差异的跨文化环境中的测量验证的影响。

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引用次数: 35

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全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

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Sociological Methods & Research

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

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