Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2024.2281125
Juan Carpio-Elías, Jerònia Pons-Pons
The persecution of ethnic or religious minorities has been a longstanding object of historiographical analysis. One widely disseminated thesis affirms that elites collaborate economically with mino...
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2024.2279849
Niti Acharya
Published in Social History (Vol. 49, No. 1, 2024)
发表于《社会历史》(第 49 卷第 1 期,2024 年)
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2024.2279853
Fiona MacHugh
Published in Social History (Vol. 49, No. 1, 2024)
发表于《社会历史》(第 49 卷第 1 期,2024 年)
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2024.2281151
Rebecca Wynter, Shane Ewen
Modern British ambulance originated during the late 1800s in the country’s metropolitan areas. The fast-urbanising cities of Glasgow and London recognised that biological-temporal need required the...
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2024.2279846
Sarah Lonsdale
Published in Social History (Vol. 49, No. 1, 2024)
发表于《社会历史》(第 49 卷第 1 期,2024 年)
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Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2023.2246812
Ángel Calvo
ABSTRACTThis article deals with the issue of population living conditions and the resulting social response in a very short inflationary conjuncture, created by an external shock. It focuses on the effects of the First World War – a cataclysm in the history of humanity that affected all spheres, from the geopolitical and social to the economic – on a particular region of eastern Spain: Catalonia. The article is structured into five main sections. It begins with a discussion of the never-ending debates on living conditions. It then addresses the characteristics of the First World War cycle; the war in Catalonia specifically, along with the trap of economic benefits (limited expansion and inflation) and the effects on the population; and the subsistence crisis in Catalonia and its devastating effects, before finally examining the unrest that led towards a ‘revolution of the stomachs’. The article uses an exceptional set of primary sources – letters intercepted by censors – containing personal testimonies of everyday experiences, feelings and reactions to events across social classes. It demonstrates correlations between economic indicators and individual testimonies, identifies and explains the seasonality of protest, and incorporates a gender perspective to show that women were at the forefront of this protest.KEYWORDS: Living conditionsinflationsocial protestFirst World War AcknowledgementsThis study was undertaken at the Observatori Centre d’Estudis Jordi Nadal d’Història Econòmica, Department of Economic History, Institutions and Policy and World Economy, Faculty of Economics and Business (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain). I thank those responsible for supporting my research as well as the editors and reviewers of this journal.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 M. Fuentes, España en la Primera Guerra Mundial: Una movilización cultural (Madrid, 2014); M. Fuentes, España y Argentina en la Primera Guerra Mundial: Neutralidades transnacionales (Madrid, 2022); F.J. Romero, Spain 1914–1918: Between war and revolution (London, 2014; Spanish edition, 2002).2 F. Grafl, ‘World War I and its impact on Catalonia’ in G. Barry et al. (eds), Small Nations and Colonial Peripheries in World War I (Leiden, 2016), 125–39.3 A. Arnavat, ‘L’impacte de la Gran Guerra sobre l’economia de Reus (1914–23)’, Recerques, 20 (1988), 115–29; J. Mirás, ‘El impacto de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la industria de A Coruña’, Revista de Historia Industrial, 29 (2005), 143–61; P.M. Egea, ‘Incidencia socioeconómica de la Primera Guerra Mundial sobre Orihuela y la comarca alicantina de la Vega Baja, 1914–1918’, Anales de Historia Contemporánea, 4 (1985), 121–59.4 For the Aragón region: V. Lucea, El pueblo en movimiento: protesta social en Aragón (1885–1917) (Zaragoza, 2009). Orti generalises the negative effect of the disaster to the whole province, although with different intensities depending on the area (greater in the towns wit
最新增加的生活条件组成部分是“生物生活标准”。这一趋势提供了人体测量学证据——例如,身高作为衡量一个人净营养状况的指标——在分析生活水平方面比实际工资趋势更有效,这主要是由于缺乏数据或收入的不可靠性。《对英国营养状况的重新思考,1740-1865》,《欧洲经济史评论》,12,3(2008),325-54.10。卡内基国际和平基金会:二战期间英美的价格和价格控制(纽约和多伦多,1920);两家合格的新闻机构是《经济学人》和《统计主义者》;一个重要的背景参考是Romero,同引文11 M. Barnett,英国食品政策在第一次世界大战期间(伦敦和纽约,2014)E. Lloyd,《陆军部和食品部的国家控制实验》(牛津,1924年),第13页。详细信息可在以下法律基础上找到:控制(50-64)、定量配给和有组织分配(429-33)、肉类供应控制(431)以及兽皮和皮革(101)13B.-J。戴维斯,《燃烧的家火:第一次世界大战柏林的食物、政治和日常生活》(教堂山,北卡罗来纳州和伦敦,2000年),1.14 L.泰勒,《重新审视的食物暴动》,《社会历史杂志》,30,2 (1996),483-96.15 A。《第一次世界大战国际百科全书》,2017年7月11日。https://encyclopaedia.1914-1918-online.net/home.html(2023年6月11日访问)b.a Engel,“不仅仅是面包:第一次世界大战期间俄罗斯的生存骚乱”,《现代历史杂志》,69,4 (1997),696-721;17 .俄罗斯妇女越来越多地参与(699)一个开创性的和基本的参考是S. Roldán和J.-L。García-Delgado, La formación de La sociedad capitalist en España, 1914-1920(马德里,1973).18除了下面提到的其他特性之外,请参见j - l。García-Delgado和J-C。jimmenez, unsiglo de España: la economía(马德里,2004年),51-61关于三个关键因素的巧合:军事动乱(国防军政府)、政治运动(代表大会)和社会动乱(总罢工)。看,关于1917年的危机,一个经典的也是最近的作品:j。a。拉孔巴,《1917年的危机española》(Málaga, 1970), 109 - 14,203 - 05和213-48;F.-J。E. Felice, J. Pujol和C. D ' ippoliti,“意大利和西班牙长期GDP和预期寿命:一个时间序列方法”,《人口研究》,35 (2016),813-66;R. Nicolau,“Población, salud y actividad”,见A. Carreras和X. Tafunell(编),Estadísticas históricas de España (siglos xix y xx)(毕尔巴鄂,2005),77-154。我们遵循D. Gallardo-Albarrán和J.-J的合成。García-Gómez,“增长还是停滞?”[j] - m .西班牙工业化时期的福利(1860-1910)[j] .历史调查Económica -经济史研究,18 (2022),26-37.20 .]Martínez-Carrión,“La talla de los europeos, 1700-2000: ciclos, creciciiento y desigualdad”。历史调查Económica/经济史研究,8 (2012),176-87.21Cámara等人,“西班牙的身高和不平等:长期视角”,《历史回顾》Económica。农业科学,37 (2019),205-38;C. Varea等人,“20世纪上半叶马德里(西班牙)的身高和城市社会分层差异”,《国际环境研究与公共卫生杂志》,16,11 (2019),2048;H. Garcia-Montero,“1837-1936年西班牙中部的身高、营养和经济不平等”,《国际环境、研究和公共卫生杂志》,19,6(2022),3397。https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063397(2023年6月11日访问)周宏儒。沃斯,《工业革命时期的生活水平:经济学家指南》,《美国经济评论》,2003年第93期,第2期,221-26页。23 .联合国人类发展指数有三个方面:获得知识的机会、健康的生活和福利的其他方面(代表健康生活的出生时预期寿命、教育措施)综合:I. Olábarri和I. Arana, '毕尔巴鄂,1839-1936:estado de la cuestión y perspectivas de investigación ', Bidebarrieta, 13 (2003), 11-147.24 Escudero,同上,87-106.25我们使用Olábarri和Arana对辩论的综合-同上,11-147.26 M. Ferro, la Gran Guerra(1914-1918)(马德里,1988);S. Broadberry和M. Harrison(编),第一次世界大战的经济学:百年视角(伦敦,2018).27H. De Jong和S. nikoliki,《第一次世界大战中的中立经济体》,《Broadberry and Harrison》(编),同上,109-19.28 . Romero,同城,5-26;格拉夫,同上,125-39;M.富恩特斯:《中立的intervención:知识分子españoles革命阵线(1914-1918)》,Políticas de la memoria, 15 (2015), 22-39;R。 S. Roldán和j . l .对1914年8月至1918年8月期间的官方生活规定进行了总结。García-Delgado, La formación de La sociedad capitalist en España, 1914-1920(马德里,1973年),443页。特别值得注意的是关于囤积食品的皇家法令,它惩罚了违反这些规定的人:Gaceta de Madrid, 1967, 1919年3月8日,835-37.75;test: 12/1916-1/1917.76; test: 1917年3月至4月;1测试:1917年9月至10月;关于隐匿货物,见第2测试:2月至3月;1918年4月至5月,临近巴塞罗那面包暴动。考虑到获得的面包数量是所用面粉公斤数的1.2倍(主要是二等和三等面粉),国家共和中心主张使面包更便宜:El Poble catal<e:1>, 1916年11月30日。民族解放阵线主席将面包的高价格归咎于人数众多的面包师(约700人)(1916年12月11日《民族解放阵线军政府指令法令》;1917年1月11日,这一事实在马德里也是如此(Mundo Gráfico, 1915年3月17日)。1917年2月至3月;1test: 1917年2月- 3月;1917年3月至4月;1917年
{"title":"Living conditions and social response in times of apocalypse: the inflationary cycle of the First World War in Catalonia","authors":"Ángel Calvo","doi":"10.1080/03071022.2023.2246812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2023.2246812","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article deals with the issue of population living conditions and the resulting social response in a very short inflationary conjuncture, created by an external shock. It focuses on the effects of the First World War – a cataclysm in the history of humanity that affected all spheres, from the geopolitical and social to the economic – on a particular region of eastern Spain: Catalonia. The article is structured into five main sections. It begins with a discussion of the never-ending debates on living conditions. It then addresses the characteristics of the First World War cycle; the war in Catalonia specifically, along with the trap of economic benefits (limited expansion and inflation) and the effects on the population; and the subsistence crisis in Catalonia and its devastating effects, before finally examining the unrest that led towards a ‘revolution of the stomachs’. The article uses an exceptional set of primary sources – letters intercepted by censors – containing personal testimonies of everyday experiences, feelings and reactions to events across social classes. It demonstrates correlations between economic indicators and individual testimonies, identifies and explains the seasonality of protest, and incorporates a gender perspective to show that women were at the forefront of this protest.KEYWORDS: Living conditionsinflationsocial protestFirst World War AcknowledgementsThis study was undertaken at the Observatori Centre d’Estudis Jordi Nadal d’Història Econòmica, Department of Economic History, Institutions and Policy and World Economy, Faculty of Economics and Business (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain). I thank those responsible for supporting my research as well as the editors and reviewers of this journal.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 M. Fuentes, España en la Primera Guerra Mundial: Una movilización cultural (Madrid, 2014); M. Fuentes, España y Argentina en la Primera Guerra Mundial: Neutralidades transnacionales (Madrid, 2022); F.J. Romero, Spain 1914–1918: Between war and revolution (London, 2014; Spanish edition, 2002).2 F. Grafl, ‘World War I and its impact on Catalonia’ in G. Barry et al. (eds), Small Nations and Colonial Peripheries in World War I (Leiden, 2016), 125–39.3 A. Arnavat, ‘L’impacte de la Gran Guerra sobre l’economia de Reus (1914–23)’, Recerques, 20 (1988), 115–29; J. Mirás, ‘El impacto de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la industria de A Coruña’, Revista de Historia Industrial, 29 (2005), 143–61; P.M. Egea, ‘Incidencia socioeconómica de la Primera Guerra Mundial sobre Orihuela y la comarca alicantina de la Vega Baja, 1914–1918’, Anales de Historia Contemporánea, 4 (1985), 121–59.4 For the Aragón region: V. Lucea, El pueblo en movimiento: protesta social en Aragón (1885–1917) (Zaragoza, 2009). Orti generalises the negative effect of the disaster to the whole province, although with different intensities depending on the area (greater in the towns wit","PeriodicalId":21866,"journal":{"name":"Social History","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2023.2257101
Emily Rutherford
and duties of domestic citizenship will certainly continue to form a focus of LGBTQ organising in the years to come, not merely around privacy law and same-sex marriage but also, Vider urges, in terms of housing justice that secures supportive homes for youth, low-income, precariously housed and elderly. The Queerness of Home concludes that today’s movements should neither embrace narrow normative frameworks of domestic citizenship rooted in monogamous married couples nor reject the domestic as a sphere of political engagement, but should instead ‘continue to question and expand its limits’ (227). This is a more subtle than polemical call to action, perhaps, but one with a degree of nuance that does justice to the textured social history of queer intimate life that this book lovingly depicts.
{"title":"LGBT Victorians: sexuality and gender in the nineteenth-century archives <b>LGBT Victorians: sexuality and gender in the nineteenth-century archives</b> , by Simon Joyce, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2022, xi + 284 pp., £75.00 (hardback), ISBN-13: 978-0-192-858399","authors":"Emily Rutherford","doi":"10.1080/03071022.2023.2257101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2023.2257101","url":null,"abstract":"and duties of domestic citizenship will certainly continue to form a focus of LGBTQ organising in the years to come, not merely around privacy law and same-sex marriage but also, Vider urges, in terms of housing justice that secures supportive homes for youth, low-income, precariously housed and elderly. The Queerness of Home concludes that today’s movements should neither embrace narrow normative frameworks of domestic citizenship rooted in monogamous married couples nor reject the domestic as a sphere of political engagement, but should instead ‘continue to question and expand its limits’ (227). This is a more subtle than polemical call to action, perhaps, but one with a degree of nuance that does justice to the textured social history of queer intimate life that this book lovingly depicts.","PeriodicalId":21866,"journal":{"name":"Social History","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2023.2257102
Ruby Rutter
"The Commonplace Book of John Gwin of Llangwm (c. 1615–1680)." Social History, 48(4), pp. 505–506
兰姆的约翰·格温的《常事书》(约1615-1680年)。社会历史,48(4),第505-506页
{"title":"The Commonplace Book of John Gwin of Llangwm (c. 1615–1680) <b>The Commonplace Book of John Gwin of Llangwm (c. 1615–1680)</b> , ed. by Madeleine Gray, Tony Hopkins and Alun Withey, Swansea, South Wales Record Society, 2022, 212 pp., £18.00/$22.00 (paperback), ISBN-13: 978-1-9998326-9-8","authors":"Ruby Rutter","doi":"10.1080/03071022.2023.2257102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2023.2257102","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Commonplace Book of John Gwin of Llangwm (c. 1615–1680).\" Social History, 48(4), pp. 505–506","PeriodicalId":21866,"journal":{"name":"Social History","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2023.2257100
Nikita Shepard
{"title":"The Queerness of Home: gender, sexuality & the politics of domesticity after World War II <b>The Queerness of Home: gender, sexuality & the politics of domesticity after World War II</b> , by Stephen Vider, Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 2021, 300 pp., $29.00 (paperback), ISBN-13: 978-0-226-808369","authors":"Nikita Shepard","doi":"10.1080/03071022.2023.2257100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2023.2257100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21866,"journal":{"name":"Social History","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03071022.2023.2246807
John Robert Sanders
ABSTRACTThe annals of working-class agitational endeavours in the early nineteenth century contain more than a sprinkling of rogues who ran off with money, and renegades who abjured their earlier beliefs. They also include a few turncoats and traitors who turned their backs on their former colleagues and went over to the ‘other side’. This article explores the public careers of two reform-era renegades from the West Riding woollen textile district: John Tester and George Beaumont. Both were prominent local figures who turned coat in the pivotal year of 1834. An examination of the context and nature of their treachery attests to the importance but also the fragility of local leadership. The article argues that the special place that popular leaders held in their communities went beyond notions of fame and celebrity; but that this bond, once broken, was not easily repaired. Examining the villains as well as the heroes of labour history enables us to appreciate the local energies and tensions that underpinned popular movements and to put into context the resilience of leaders who lasted the course.KEYWORDS: Local leadershiptrade unionismpopular radicalismcelebrity Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 For discussion of ‘the paper pantheon’ of heroes created by the Chartists and the importance of memory in political and social movements, see M. Roberts, ‘Romantic memory? Forgetting, remembering and feeling in the Chartist pantheon of heroes, c.1790–1840’, paper presented at Institute of History Research, Parliament, Politics and People online seminar, 19 January 2021, https://thehistoryofparliament.files.wordpress.com/2021/01/matthew-roberts-ppp-19-jan-2021-romanticmemory-chartist-pantheon-of-heroes-c.1790e280931840.pdf, accessed 20 March 2022.2 Northern Star [NS], 27 April 1839, 4; M. Chase, ‘Building identity, building circulation: engraved portraiture and the Northern Star’ in J. Allen and O. Ashton (eds), Papers for the People: A study of the Chartist press (London, 2005), 3–24; and S. Morgan, Celebrities, Heroes and Champions: Popular politicians in the Age of Reform, 1810–67 (Manchester, 2021), 147.3 For example, ‘John Bates, The Queensbury Veteran Reformer’, article in Halifax Courier [HC], 7 March 1895, 4; and B. Wilson, The Struggles of an Old Chartist (Halifax, 1887).4 T. Scriven, Popular Virtue: Continuity and change in radical moral politics, 1820–70 (Manchester, 2017); M. Roberts, Chartism, Commemoration and the Cult of the Radical Hero (Abingdon, 2019); and Morgan, op. cit.5 K. Navickas, Protest and the Politics of Space and Place, 1789–1848 (Manchester, 2016); R. Poole, ‘Review article: radicalism and protest’ (review no. 800), https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/800, accessed 28 August 2022.6 N. Bend, ‘The Home Office and Public Disturbance c.1800–1832’ (Ph.D., Hertfordshire, 2018); N. Pye, The Home Office and the Chartists 1838–48: Protest and repression in the West Riding of Yorkshi
{"title":"Turncoats and traitors, rogues and renegades: reviewing labour’s lost leaders in reform-era Yorkshire","authors":"John Robert Sanders","doi":"10.1080/03071022.2023.2246807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2023.2246807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe annals of working-class agitational endeavours in the early nineteenth century contain more than a sprinkling of rogues who ran off with money, and renegades who abjured their earlier beliefs. They also include a few turncoats and traitors who turned their backs on their former colleagues and went over to the ‘other side’. This article explores the public careers of two reform-era renegades from the West Riding woollen textile district: John Tester and George Beaumont. Both were prominent local figures who turned coat in the pivotal year of 1834. An examination of the context and nature of their treachery attests to the importance but also the fragility of local leadership. The article argues that the special place that popular leaders held in their communities went beyond notions of fame and celebrity; but that this bond, once broken, was not easily repaired. Examining the villains as well as the heroes of labour history enables us to appreciate the local energies and tensions that underpinned popular movements and to put into context the resilience of leaders who lasted the course.KEYWORDS: Local leadershiptrade unionismpopular radicalismcelebrity Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 For discussion of ‘the paper pantheon’ of heroes created by the Chartists and the importance of memory in political and social movements, see M. Roberts, ‘Romantic memory? Forgetting, remembering and feeling in the Chartist pantheon of heroes, c.1790–1840’, paper presented at Institute of History Research, Parliament, Politics and People online seminar, 19 January 2021, https://thehistoryofparliament.files.wordpress.com/2021/01/matthew-roberts-ppp-19-jan-2021-romanticmemory-chartist-pantheon-of-heroes-c.1790e280931840.pdf, accessed 20 March 2022.2 Northern Star [NS], 27 April 1839, 4; M. Chase, ‘Building identity, building circulation: engraved portraiture and the Northern Star’ in J. Allen and O. Ashton (eds), Papers for the People: A study of the Chartist press (London, 2005), 3–24; and S. Morgan, Celebrities, Heroes and Champions: Popular politicians in the Age of Reform, 1810–67 (Manchester, 2021), 147.3 For example, ‘John Bates, The Queensbury Veteran Reformer’, article in Halifax Courier [HC], 7 March 1895, 4; and B. Wilson, The Struggles of an Old Chartist (Halifax, 1887).4 T. Scriven, Popular Virtue: Continuity and change in radical moral politics, 1820–70 (Manchester, 2017); M. Roberts, Chartism, Commemoration and the Cult of the Radical Hero (Abingdon, 2019); and Morgan, op. cit.5 K. Navickas, Protest and the Politics of Space and Place, 1789–1848 (Manchester, 2016); R. Poole, ‘Review article: radicalism and protest’ (review no. 800), https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/800, accessed 28 August 2022.6 N. Bend, ‘The Home Office and Public Disturbance c.1800–1832’ (Ph.D., Hertfordshire, 2018); N. Pye, The Home Office and the Chartists 1838–48: Protest and repression in the West Riding of Yorkshi","PeriodicalId":21866,"journal":{"name":"Social History","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}