R. L. Moura, M. E. Oliveira, W. F. Carvalho, M. M. Rodrigues, M. S. Santos, R. Edvan, A. L. Abdalla, M. Z. Moreira, E. M. Silva
The objective of this research was to determine the pasture structure, nutritional value, animal behaviour, intake, and performance of Santa Inês sheep grazing pastures with various mixtures of grass (Andropogon gayanus) and forage legume (Stylosanthes sp. and Calopogonium mucunoides). A randomized block design was adopted with the treatments arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with the factors consisting of cropping systems and grazing cycles. Grass in the mixed species pastures had a greater leaf/stem ratio than in the monoculture. Total forage mass was greater in the mixed pastures, which had the highest concentrations of crude protein and total digestible nutrients, the lowest fibre concentration, and the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Legumes were grazed with the highest frequency, and biting rate was highest in Andropogon gayanus with Stylosanthes sp. The highest intake (kg/day) was found in the mixed swards and the highest animal weight gain (143 g/day) in the mixed pastures. The pastures of Andropogon gayanus mixed with Stylosanthes sp. and C. mucunoides showed improved forage nutritive value and intake compared with the grass monoculture.
{"title":"Evaluation of grass and legume tropical mixtures and performance of grazed sheep","authors":"R. L. Moura, M. E. Oliveira, W. F. Carvalho, M. M. Rodrigues, M. S. Santos, R. Edvan, A. L. Abdalla, M. Z. Moreira, E. M. Silva","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine the pasture structure, nutritional value, animal behaviour, intake, and performance of Santa Inês sheep grazing pastures with various mixtures of grass (Andropogon gayanus) and forage legume (Stylosanthes sp. and Calopogonium mucunoides). A randomized block design was adopted with the treatments arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with the factors consisting of cropping systems and grazing cycles. Grass in the mixed species pastures had a greater leaf/stem ratio than in the monoculture. Total forage mass was greater in the mixed pastures, which had the highest concentrations of crude protein and total digestible nutrients, the lowest fibre concentration, and the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Legumes were grazed with the highest frequency, and biting rate was highest in Andropogon gayanus with Stylosanthes sp. The highest intake (kg/day) was found in the mixed swards and the highest animal weight gain (143 g/day) in the mixed pastures. The pastures of Andropogon gayanus mixed with Stylosanthes sp. and C. mucunoides showed improved forage nutritive value and intake compared with the grass monoculture.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80820458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Brix refractometry and to compare the Brix value with semi-quantitative indicators such as total protein (TP), total protein in whey (TPw), glutaraldehyde coagulation time (GCT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activity for determining the quality of colostrum. Colostrum samples were collected from 38 Saanen goats just after parturition and on the first day (24 ± 4 hours) and second day (48 ± 4) after parturition. The Brix value, TP and TPw levels were measured with optic refractometers. The level of GCT was determined with a 10% glutaraldehyde solution. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were measured with a goat IgG ELISA. All measurements decreased significantly after parturition. The IgG and Brix values on the day of parturition were 4719.28 ±107.94 mg/dL and 20.55 ± 0.71, respectively. The TPw levels were lower than TP on all three days and a significant difference was detected on day 2. The IgG concentration was higher in the first-parity and second-parity goats compared with those older does. However, no differences were observed in the other characteristics of the colostrum. Litter size did not affect IgG or the other semi-quantitative tests. Correlation coefficients were higher than 0.8 Tp with TPw, and for the Brix value with both TP and TPw. Brix refractometry could be used to evaluate colostrum quality in Saanen goats and TPw is a more reliable indicator than TP.
{"title":"Comparison of four semi-quantitative tests for evaluation of colostrum quality in Saanen goats","authors":"Y. Kaçar, Z. Mecitoglu, O. Topal, H. Batmaz","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v51i5.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v51i5.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Brix refractometry and to compare the Brix value with semi-quantitative indicators such as total protein (TP), total protein in whey (TPw), glutaraldehyde coagulation time (GCT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activity for determining the quality of colostrum. Colostrum samples were collected from 38 Saanen goats just after parturition and on the first day (24 ± 4 hours) and second day (48 ± 4) after parturition. The Brix value, TP and TPw levels were measured with optic refractometers. The level of GCT was determined with a 10% glutaraldehyde solution. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were measured with a goat IgG ELISA. All measurements decreased significantly after parturition. The IgG and Brix values on the day of parturition were 4719.28 ±107.94 mg/dL and 20.55 ± 0.71, respectively. The TPw levels were lower than TP on all three days and a significant difference was detected on day 2. The IgG concentration was higher in the first-parity and second-parity goats compared with those older does. However, no differences were observed in the other characteristics of the colostrum. Litter size did not affect IgG or the other semi-quantitative tests. Correlation coefficients were higher than 0.8 Tp with TPw, and for the Brix value with both TP and TPw. Brix refractometry could be used to evaluate colostrum quality in Saanen goats and TPw is a more reliable indicator than TP.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80296939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this experiment, 320 laying hens of Hy-Line W-36 strain were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design (eight treatments and eight birds in each pen). The treatments were 0 and 400 mg/kg iron salt, 0 and 450 mg/kg iodide, and 0 and 0.1 mg/kg vitamin B12. There were five replicates of each treatment combination and the birds were from 26 to 39 weeks old. The interaction of iron salt and iodide, the use of 450 mg/kg iodide and 0 levels of iron salt increased the iodide content of yolks. In the treatments with 400 mg/kg of iron salt combined with iodide and with 400 mg/kg of iron salt with 0 levels of iodine salt this caused a sharp decrease in the iodide content of the yolk. In the interaction of treatments containing iron salt and vitamin B12, the lowest amount of cobalt and the highest level of Iodide were observed at the 0 levels of both supplements, whereas the combined use of iron salt and vitamin B12 increased the level of cobalt and decreased the yolk iodine content. In the three-way effects between these salts, yolk iron and cobalt content increased, and the highest amount of Iodine was observed in the third treatment (without vitamin B12 and iron). Overall the use of iron salt, iodine, and vitamin B12 could improve the performance of hens and the composition of egg yolk.
{"title":"Effects of dietary trace element supplementation on performance of laying hens and mineral content of egg yolk","authors":"M. N. Aghdashi, A. Nobakht, Y. Mehmannavaz","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v51i5.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v51i5.13","url":null,"abstract":"In this experiment, 320 laying hens of Hy-Line W-36 strain were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design (eight treatments and eight birds in each pen). The treatments were 0 and 400 mg/kg iron salt, 0 and 450 mg/kg iodide, and 0 and 0.1 mg/kg vitamin B12. There were five replicates of each treatment combination and the birds were from 26 to 39 weeks old. The interaction of iron salt and iodide, the use of 450 mg/kg iodide and 0 levels of iron salt increased the iodide content of yolks. In the treatments with 400 mg/kg of iron salt combined with iodide and with 400 mg/kg of iron salt with 0 levels of iodine salt this caused a sharp decrease in the iodide content of the yolk. In the interaction of treatments containing iron salt and vitamin B12, the lowest amount of cobalt and the highest level of Iodide were observed at the 0 levels of both supplements, whereas the combined use of iron salt and vitamin B12 increased the level of cobalt and decreased the yolk iodine content. In the three-way effects between these salts, yolk iron and cobalt content increased, and the highest amount of Iodine was observed in the third treatment (without vitamin B12 and iron). Overall the use of iron salt, iodine, and vitamin B12 could improve the performance of hens and the composition of egg yolk.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82524837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In South Africa, supplemental feeding is provided to improve the condition of breeding livestock before the animals are sold by the stud breeders to commercial farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different ram rearing systems on growth, fat accumulation and semen quality of Döhne Merino (DM), Merino (M) and South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) rams intended for breeding. The ram lambs were stratified according to weight and randomly allocated to one of three treatments, namely an extensive feeding treatment (ET), an extensive-intensive feeding treatment (EIT), and an intensive feeding treatment (IT). Rams in ET grazed for 200 days. Rams in EIT grazed for 73 days, followed by a concentrate diet for an additional 60 days. Rams in IT were fed the concentrate diet for 70 days. Scrotal neck fat was significantly less in IT rams compared with ET and EIT rams. Döhne Merino and M rams in EIT deposited significantly more scrotal fat than DM and M rams in ET. No adverse testicular pathology or differences in semen quality were observed. Regression analyses of pooled data showed extreme functional values for subcutaneous fat and total scrotal fat weight, which, when exceeded, may result in decreased semen volume, percentage normal spermatozoa and mass motility of spermatozoa. Sheep breeders should be cautious when feeding ram lambs in extensive-intensive systems for extended periods since this may affect semen quality adversely.
{"title":"Effects of different feeding systems on growth, fat accumulation and semen quality of Merino-type sheep","authors":"A. D. Preez, E. Webb, W. V. Niekerk","doi":"10.4314/SAJAS.V51I5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJAS.V51I5.3","url":null,"abstract":"In South Africa, supplemental feeding is provided to improve the condition of breeding livestock before the animals are sold by the stud breeders to commercial farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different ram rearing systems on growth, fat accumulation and semen quality of Döhne Merino (DM), Merino (M) and South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) rams intended for breeding. The ram lambs were stratified according to weight and randomly allocated to one of three treatments, namely an extensive feeding treatment (ET), an extensive-intensive feeding treatment (EIT), and an intensive feeding treatment (IT). Rams in ET grazed for 200 days. Rams in EIT grazed for 73 days, followed by a concentrate diet for an additional 60 days. Rams in IT were fed the concentrate diet for 70 days. Scrotal neck fat was significantly less in IT rams compared with ET and EIT rams. Döhne Merino and M rams in EIT deposited significantly more scrotal fat than DM and M rams in ET. No adverse testicular pathology or differences in semen quality were observed. Regression analyses of pooled data showed extreme functional values for subcutaneous fat and total scrotal fat weight, which, when exceeded, may result in decreased semen volume, percentage normal spermatozoa and mass motility of spermatozoa. Sheep breeders should be cautious when feeding ram lambs in extensive-intensive systems for extended periods since this may affect semen quality adversely.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"508 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77350650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Quintero, K. Torres-Cordido, Y.R. Moreira, S. Rocha, T. L. Reis, J. E. D. de Moraes, L. Calixto
There is a dearth of scientific information about the physicochemical characteristics of eggs from ratite birds including emus. Thus, an experiment was carried out with 19 laying emu ((Dromaius novaehollandiae) hens, maintained in cages, and divided into two groups according to age, to record morphometric and physicochemical characteristics of the eggs. The width, length, average weight, form index, Haugh unit, yolk index, percentage of egg components, yolk pigmentation, pH of yolk and albumen, and eggshell weight and thickness were recorded. This morphometric characterization was influenced by the age of the hen. Neither the yolk nor albumen pH was influenced by the age of the bird. The eggs from emus that were raised in captivity presented physical and morphometric characteristics that varied with age, although they remained within the ranges of observations that were previously observed for ratite species, but were different from those of domestic chickens. The high fragility and easy rupture of the vitelline membrane in the emu eggs may limit the use of this product in industrial applications. Further studies of emu eggs are needed to improve their suitability for consumption and for the food industry.
{"title":"Physicochemical and morphometric characterization of eggs from emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)","authors":"J. Quintero, K. Torres-Cordido, Y.R. Moreira, S. Rocha, T. L. Reis, J. E. D. de Moraes, L. Calixto","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"There is a dearth of scientific information about the physicochemical characteristics of eggs from ratite birds including emus. Thus, an experiment was carried out with 19 laying emu ((Dromaius novaehollandiae) hens, maintained in cages, and divided into two groups according to age, to record morphometric and physicochemical characteristics of the eggs. The width, length, average weight, form index, Haugh unit, yolk index, percentage of egg components, yolk pigmentation, pH of yolk and albumen, and eggshell weight and thickness were recorded. This morphometric characterization was influenced by the age of the hen. Neither the yolk nor albumen pH was influenced by the age of the bird. The eggs from emus that were raised in captivity presented physical and morphometric characteristics that varied with age, although they remained within the ranges of observations that were previously observed for ratite species, but were different from those of domestic chickens. The high fragility and easy rupture of the vitelline membrane in the emu eggs may limit the use of this product in industrial applications. Further studies of emu eggs are needed to improve their suitability for consumption and for the food industry.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85319118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in Boer goat does and their relationship with body measurement traits, namely bodyweight, body length, heart girth, rump height, rump width, ear length, cannon circumference, and head width. Seventy-six Boer goat does between the ages of 2 and 4 years were used as experimental animals. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing techniques were used to detect SNPs. Chi-square test was used to measure the genetic equilibrium and a general linear model was used for the marker-trait association analysis. The PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing results discovered one SNP (G505C) in the exon 5 of the candidate gene with two genotypes observed (AA and AB). The association analysis indicated that bodyweight was associated with the genotypes (P <0.01), but not with any of the morphometric traits. A chi-square analysis indicated that the genotypic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphism discovered in this study is a putative marker that might assist farmers in improving their does’ bodyweight through marker-assisted selection.
{"title":"Polymorphism of growth hormone gene and its association with body measurement traits in Boer goat does","authors":"L. T. Rashijane, V. Mbazima, Thobela Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in Boer goat does and their relationship with body measurement traits, namely bodyweight, body length, heart girth, rump height, rump width, ear length, cannon circumference, and head width. Seventy-six Boer goat does between the ages of 2 and 4 years were used as experimental animals. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing techniques were used to detect SNPs. Chi-square test was used to measure the genetic equilibrium and a general linear model was used for the marker-trait association analysis. The PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing results discovered one SNP (G505C) in the exon 5 of the candidate gene with two genotypes observed (AA and AB). The association analysis indicated that bodyweight was associated with the genotypes (P <0.01), but not with any of the morphometric traits. A chi-square analysis indicated that the genotypic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphism discovered in this study is a putative marker that might assist farmers in improving their does’ bodyweight through marker-assisted selection.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76183926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sahar, M. A. Mirza, S. A. Bhatti, Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman
This study determined the effect of protease supplementation in fishmeal-based diets on growth performance and meat quality of commercial broiler birds. Four hundred and thirty-two (432) day-old broiler chicks were divided into 36 experimental units of 12 chicks each. Nine experimental diets were formulated using three levels (0%, 25%, and 50%) of the fishmeal as protein source, on protein equivalent basis, with or without alkaline protease (CIBENZA® DP100), and with overestimation of nutritional value based on the enhanced digestibility coefficient (EDC) concept because of the use of alkaline protease. Feed consumption and bodyweight were measured weekly. On the last day of the trial, two birds from each pen were picked and processed for carcass and meat quality parameters. Data were analysed by analysis of variance in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of completely randomized design. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved in the birds with 25% fishmeal as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) and enzyme supplementation. Similarly, higher protein digestibility, dressing percentage and thigh meat yield were observed in birds fed diets with 25% fishmeal with added enzyme. In the blood biochemical profile, uric acid levels were lower, and cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in the group fed diets with 25% fishmeal with EDC and enzyme. The addition of protease enzyme to the diet with 25% fishmeal improved growth performance, crude protein digestibility and carcass characteristics.
{"title":"Effect of exogenous protease on growth performance and meat quality in broilers reared on fishmeal-based diets","authors":"N. Sahar, M. A. Mirza, S. A. Bhatti, Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v51i5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v51i5.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the effect of protease supplementation in fishmeal-based diets on growth performance and meat quality of commercial broiler birds. Four hundred and thirty-two (432) day-old broiler chicks were divided into 36 experimental units of 12 chicks each. Nine experimental diets were formulated using three levels (0%, 25%, and 50%) of the fishmeal as protein source, on protein equivalent basis, with or without alkaline protease (CIBENZA® DP100), and with overestimation of nutritional value based on the enhanced digestibility coefficient (EDC) concept because of the use of alkaline protease. Feed consumption and bodyweight were measured weekly. On the last day of the trial, two birds from each pen were picked and processed for carcass and meat quality parameters. Data were analysed by analysis of variance in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of completely randomized design. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved in the birds with 25% fishmeal as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) and enzyme supplementation. Similarly, higher protein digestibility, dressing percentage and thigh meat yield were observed in birds fed diets with 25% fishmeal with added enzyme. In the blood biochemical profile, uric acid levels were lower, and cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in the group fed diets with 25% fishmeal with EDC and enzyme. The addition of protease enzyme to the diet with 25% fishmeal improved growth performance, crude protein digestibility and carcass characteristics.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74076718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to compare Aberdeen Angus (AA) and Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls in Turkey based on fattening performance, carcass properties, and production costs. In the trial, 105 AA and 105 HF 10- to 12-month-old bulls with a mean initial bodyweight (IBW) of 302 kg were used. The bulls were distributed into 14 paddocks in groups of 15 based on their IBW at an open-shed facility in İzmir. The bulls were fed different rations for the grower and finisher periods for 90 days each, but otherwise were kept under similar conditions. At the end of the finishing period, the animals were slaughtered and carcass characteristics, organ weights, quality of meat, and meat production costs were evaluated. In terms of fattening performance, the AA bulls were superior to the HF bulls. The ultimate pH of the Longissimus dorsi in the AA bulls was lower than in the HF bulls and the sensory characteristics of the AA bulls were higher. Production costs were higher for the AA bulls, but so too were income over feed costs (IOFC), making the AA bulls more profitable. Thus, it might be concluded that beef breed bulls that mature quickly, such as AA, are more advantageous for meat production in Turkey than HF bulls, which are a by-product of the dairy industry.
{"title":"Fattening performance, carcass traits, and profitability of Aberdeen Angus and Holstein Friesian bulls in Turkey","authors":"H. B. Ünlü, H. İpçak","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v51i5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v51i5.7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare Aberdeen Angus (AA) and Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls in Turkey based on fattening performance, carcass properties, and production costs. In the trial, 105 AA and 105 HF 10- to 12-month-old bulls with a mean initial bodyweight (IBW) of 302 kg were used. The bulls were distributed into 14 paddocks in groups of 15 based on their IBW at an open-shed facility in İzmir. The bulls were fed different rations for the grower and finisher periods for 90 days each, but otherwise were kept under similar conditions. At the end of the finishing period, the animals were slaughtered and carcass characteristics, organ weights, quality of meat, and meat production costs were evaluated. In terms of fattening performance, the AA bulls were superior to the HF bulls. The ultimate pH of the Longissimus dorsi in the AA bulls was lower than in the HF bulls and the sensory characteristics of the AA bulls were higher. Production costs were higher for the AA bulls, but so too were income over feed costs (IOFC), making the AA bulls more profitable. Thus, it might be concluded that beef breed bulls that mature quickly, such as AA, are more advantageous for meat production in Turkey than HF bulls, which are a by-product of the dairy industry.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81742950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Arruda, R. Silva, Flávio C C Mergulhão, M. M. Monteiro, J. Costa, A. M. Batista, P.L.J. Monteiro Júnior, D. Seal, M. Guerra
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the antioxidant myricetin to protect ovine spermatozoa during freezing-thawing. Five semen pools, obtained from four rams, were diluted and frozen in Tris-egg yolk extender (5% glycerol) supplemented with myricetin at 0, 20, 30, 40, 100, 200, 300, and 400 nM. After thawing at 37 °C for 30 seconds and incubation (37 °C) for two hours, these variables were measured: kinematics, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxidation and membrane stability. There was no interaction between treatment and time, and no direct effect of treatments for the kinematics parameters (P ≥0.09; P ≥0.2113, respectively) and flow cytometry (P ≥0.41; P ≥ 0.52, respectively). The means of progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, linearity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, percentage of intact plasma membrane and acrosome membrane, oxidative stress and membrane stability were reduced during incubation (P ≤0.04), whereas the cross-beat frequency increased (P =0.0001) throughout incubation. Thus, the addition of myricetin to the semen extender does not produce an antioxidant effect on ram semen in vitro.
{"title":"Quality of ram semen cryopreserved in egg yolk extender supplemented with myricetin","authors":"L. Arruda, R. Silva, Flávio C C Mergulhão, M. M. Monteiro, J. Costa, A. M. Batista, P.L.J. Monteiro Júnior, D. Seal, M. Guerra","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the antioxidant myricetin to protect ovine spermatozoa during freezing-thawing. Five semen pools, obtained from four rams, were diluted and frozen in Tris-egg yolk extender (5% glycerol) supplemented with myricetin at 0, 20, 30, 40, 100, 200, 300, and 400 nM. After thawing at 37 °C for 30 seconds and incubation (37 °C) for two hours, these variables were measured: kinematics, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxidation and membrane stability. There was no interaction between treatment and time, and no direct effect of treatments for the kinematics parameters (P ≥0.09; P ≥0.2113, respectively) and flow cytometry (P ≥0.41; P ≥ 0.52, respectively). The means of progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, linearity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, percentage of intact plasma membrane and acrosome membrane, oxidative stress and membrane stability were reduced during incubation (P ≤0.04), whereas the cross-beat frequency increased (P =0.0001) throughout incubation. Thus, the addition of myricetin to the semen extender does not produce an antioxidant effect on ram semen in vitro.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84436706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Genova, N. Oliveira, C. Scherer, P. Carvalho, A. S. Costa, S. Artoni, A. Junior, L. Santos, S. T. Carvalho, J. Bortoluzzi
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of calcitic seaweed (CS), calcitic limestone (CL) and monodicalcium phosphate (DP) fed to piglets in various combinations on their gastrointestinal tract and bones. A total of 128 piglets (21 days old, 5.50 ± 0.49 kg bodyweight (BW) were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design and eight replications to one of four diets: D1: with CL + DP, D2: with CL, CS + DP, D3, similar to D2, but with 30% less calcium from CS and DP, and D4: with CS + DP. Treatments affected the metatarsal bones, mineral concentration in the heart and liver, and pH in the cecum and colon.Piglets fed D4 tended to have a greater Enterobacteriaceae count in the jejunum and ileum compared withD1 (4.82 vs 4.79 CFU/g). Piglets fed D1 and D3 had a greater Enterobacteriaceae count in their cecum than D4 (4.79 and 4.80 vs 4.76). The D2 and D1 treatments produced greater crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum and ileum compared with D3 and D4, respectively. Feeding D3 resulted in a greater villus height (VH) to CD ratio in the duodenum compared with D2 and showed a 24.5% increase in heart weight compared with fed D1. In conclusion, CS could be an alternative source of calcium source for piglets. The inconsistent findings of the present study suggest the need for further studies to better understand the interplay of effects of Ca2+ source and level on its metabolism.
本试验旨在探讨不同组合的钙质海藻(CS)、钙质石灰石(CL)和磷酸二钙(DP)对仔猪胃肠道和骨骼的影响。试验选用128头21日龄、5.50±0.49 kg体重(BW)的仔猪，采用随机完全区组设计，8个重复，分别饲喂4种饲粮:D1: CL + DP, D2: CL、CS + DP、D3，与D2相似，但CS和DP的钙含量减少30%，D4: CS + DP。治疗影响了跖骨、心脏和肝脏的矿物质浓度以及盲肠和结肠的pH值。与d1相比，饲喂D4的仔猪空肠和回肠中肠杆菌科细菌计数更高(4.82 CFU/g vs 4.79 CFU/g)。饲喂D1和D3的仔猪盲肠肠杆菌科数量高于饲喂D4的仔猪(4.79和4.80 vs 4.76)。D2和D1处理十二指肠和回肠隐窝深度(CD)分别高于D3和D4。饲粮D3使十二指肠绒毛高度(VH) / CD比高于饲粮D2，心脏重量较饲粮D1增加24.5%。综上所述，CS可作为仔猪钙源的替代来源。本研究结果的不一致表明需要进一步的研究来更好地了解Ca2+来源和水平对其代谢的相互作用。
{"title":"Bone, microbiological and intestinal characteristics of piglets fed diets containing Lithothamnium calcareum","authors":"J. Genova, N. Oliveira, C. Scherer, P. Carvalho, A. S. Costa, S. Artoni, A. Junior, L. Santos, S. T. Carvalho, J. Bortoluzzi","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the effect of calcitic seaweed (CS), calcitic limestone (CL) and monodicalcium phosphate (DP) fed to piglets in various combinations on their gastrointestinal tract and bones. A total of 128 piglets (21 days old, 5.50 ± 0.49 kg bodyweight (BW) were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design and eight replications to one of four diets: D1: with CL + DP, D2: with CL, CS + DP, D3, similar to D2, but with 30% less calcium from CS and DP, and D4: with CS + DP. Treatments affected the metatarsal bones, mineral concentration in the heart and liver, and pH in the cecum and colon.Piglets fed D4 tended to have a greater Enterobacteriaceae count in the jejunum and ileum compared withD1 (4.82 vs 4.79 CFU/g). Piglets fed D1 and D3 had a greater Enterobacteriaceae count in their cecum than D4 (4.79 and 4.80 vs 4.76). The D2 and D1 treatments produced greater crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum and ileum compared with D3 and D4, respectively. Feeding D3 resulted in a greater villus height (VH) to CD ratio in the duodenum compared with D2 and showed a 24.5% increase in heart weight compared with fed D1. In conclusion, CS could be an alternative source of calcium source for piglets. The inconsistent findings of the present study suggest the need for further studies to better understand the interplay of effects of Ca2+ source and level on its metabolism.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83372238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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