Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad5ab7
Wang Ying, Yuan Zewei, Tang Meiling, Sun Jingting and He Yan
Copper (Cu) is used in integrated circuits and microdevices and has the potential to replace aluminum alloys due to its low resistivity, strong electromigration properties, and affordability. However, a significant factor that influences the performance of devices at the micro and nano scales is the surface roughness of the deposits. LAMMPS software is employed to simulate the deposition Cu on an ideal state for a stainless-steel substrate. The deposition process and deformation behavior of Cu on the surface and the roughness of the deposition surface are analyzed. Taking the deposition process of Cu atoms as an object, the effects of different atomic numbers, different temperatures, different velocities, and different heights on the surface roughness of the deposits were investigated. The atomic structure composition of the deposition velocity is analyzed, and the radial distribution function is analyzed to reveal the microscopic mechanism of action. The results of the theoretical deposition and analysis show that the surface roughness increases with the number of atoms deposited and decreases with increasing substrate temperature. The surface roughness first decreases and then, after some fluctuation, stays constant at a particular level with increasing velocity. Additionally, as the deposition height increases, the surface roughness reduces. There is a nonlinear relationship between the various components and the deposited surface roughness. The surface quality of deposits can be improved during the deposition process by optimizing the deposition parameters of deposition atoms, substrate temperature, deposition velocity, and deposition height.
铜（Cu）被广泛应用于集成电路和微型设备中，由于其电阻率低、电迁移性能强且价格低廉，有可能取代铝合金。然而，影响微米和纳米尺度器件性能的一个重要因素是沉积物的表面粗糙度。LAMMPS 软件用于模拟不锈钢基底理想状态下的沉积 Cu。分析了铜在表面的沉积过程和变形行为以及沉积表面的粗糙度。以 Cu 原子的沉积过程为对象，研究了不同原子序数、不同温度、不同速度和不同高度对沉积物表面粗糙度的影响。通过分析沉积速度的原子结构组成，以及径向分布函数，揭示其微观作用机理。理论沉积和分析结果表明，表面粗糙度随沉积原子数的增加而增加，随基底温度的升高而降低。随着速度的增加，表面粗糙度先是减小，然后经过一些波动后保持在一个特定的水平上。此外，随着沉积高度的增加，表面粗糙度也会降低。各种成分与沉积表面粗糙度之间存在非线性关系。在沉积过程中，可以通过优化沉积原子、基底温度、沉积速度和沉积高度等沉积参数来提高沉积物的表面质量。
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulations and analyzation of Cu deposited on stainless steel substrate surfaces","authors":"Wang Ying, Yuan Zewei, Tang Meiling, Sun Jingting and He Yan","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad5ab7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad5ab7","url":null,"abstract":"Copper (Cu) is used in integrated circuits and microdevices and has the potential to replace aluminum alloys due to its low resistivity, strong electromigration properties, and affordability. However, a significant factor that influences the performance of devices at the micro and nano scales is the surface roughness of the deposits. LAMMPS software is employed to simulate the deposition Cu on an ideal state for a stainless-steel substrate. The deposition process and deformation behavior of Cu on the surface and the roughness of the deposition surface are analyzed. Taking the deposition process of Cu atoms as an object, the effects of different atomic numbers, different temperatures, different velocities, and different heights on the surface roughness of the deposits were investigated. The atomic structure composition of the deposition velocity is analyzed, and the radial distribution function is analyzed to reveal the microscopic mechanism of action. The results of the theoretical deposition and analysis show that the surface roughness increases with the number of atoms deposited and decreases with increasing substrate temperature. The surface roughness first decreases and then, after some fluctuation, stays constant at a particular level with increasing velocity. Additionally, as the deposition height increases, the surface roughness reduces. There is a nonlinear relationship between the various components and the deposited surface roughness. The surface quality of deposits can be improved during the deposition process by optimizing the deposition parameters of deposition atoms, substrate temperature, deposition velocity, and deposition height.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad50f0
Changsheng Ji, Songjie Luo, Osami Sasaki, Ziyang Chen, Jixiong Pu
Phase error induced by the scanning error of piezoelectric transducer and vibration in white-light interference signal (WLIS) impose limitations on measurement accuracy. In this paper, two techniques are investigated to eliminate phase error cooperatively. A monochromatic interferometer owning the same optical path as the white-light scanning interferometer (WLSI) is employed to detect and compensate the phase error. Due to the incomplete consistency between the detected phase error and its actual distribution, an algorithm is introduced to further enhance the measurement accuracy. The simulation is given to prove the proposed method is available in different magnitude of noise. In the experiment, the front surface of wedged window is measured, whose maximum fluctuations are reduced to 28.8 nm and 3.0 nm from 62.7 nm with the gradual application of two technologies, and the repeatability reach 5.0 nm and 0.4 nm from 16.8 nm, respectively. The root mean square height Sq and maximum height Sz ultimately decrease to 1.3 nm and 1.6 nm. The measurement of step with height of about 3.0 μm also has the good accuracy and repeatability after phase error elimination. Since the different reflectivity of measured surfaces in the wavelength range of light source will also bring the measurement error, its influences are analyzed by simulation. The proposed techniques provide a phase error insensitive method for WLSI that has potential on measurement in the complex environment.
{"title":"Exact surface measurement based on phase error insensitive method for white-light scanning interferometer","authors":"Changsheng Ji, Songjie Luo, Osami Sasaki, Ziyang Chen, Jixiong Pu","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad50f0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad50f0","url":null,"abstract":"Phase error induced by the scanning error of piezoelectric transducer and vibration in white-light interference signal (WLIS) impose limitations on measurement accuracy. In this paper, two techniques are investigated to eliminate phase error cooperatively. A monochromatic interferometer owning the same optical path as the white-light scanning interferometer (WLSI) is employed to detect and compensate the phase error. Due to the incomplete consistency between the detected phase error and its actual distribution, an algorithm is introduced to further enhance the measurement accuracy. The simulation is given to prove the proposed method is available in different magnitude of noise. In the experiment, the front surface of wedged window is measured, whose maximum fluctuations are reduced to 28.8 nm and 3.0 nm from 62.7 nm with the gradual application of two technologies, and the repeatability reach 5.0 nm and 0.4 nm from 16.8 nm, respectively. The root mean square height <italic toggle=\"yes\">S</italic>\u0000<sub>\u0000<italic toggle=\"yes\">q</italic>\u0000</sub> and maximum height <italic toggle=\"yes\">S</italic>\u0000<sub>\u0000<italic toggle=\"yes\">z</italic>\u0000</sub> ultimately decrease to 1.3 nm and 1.6 nm. The measurement of step with height of about 3.0 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m also has the good accuracy and repeatability after phase error elimination. Since the different reflectivity of measured surfaces in the wavelength range of light source will also bring the measurement error, its influences are analyzed by simulation. The proposed techniques provide a phase error insensitive method for WLSI that has potential on measurement in the complex environment.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b9
Özgür Erdem Yurt, Nuri Sen, Hamza Simsir, Yılmaz Kucuk, Emre Altas, M Sabri Gok, Tolgahan Civek, Seyma Korkmaz and M Huseyin Cetin
In this study, the synthesis of hydrothermal carbon (HTC) lubricant and its usability as a lubricant under hot industrial conditions were investigated. In this context, the characterization of HTC produced from organic sources at low cost and in a short time was performed, and its tribological performance was analysed in detail. HTC produced by the hydrothermal carbonization method was characterized through SEM images and EDS analysis. To determine the effect of HTC on friction at different temperatures, HTC was subjected to a pin-on-disc wear test with AA5754 material. The effect of various lubricants, temperatures, blank holder pressure, and forming speed parameters on the forming force for the analysis of the tribological effect of HTC on deep drawing processes were statistically analysed. The performance of HTC was compared with Teflon, fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotube (CNT) materials. According to the results obtained from wear tests, the lowest friction coefficient value was achieved in the presence of fullerenes as the lubricant, and as the temperature increased, the friction coefficient decreased. It was observed that HTC exhibited lower performance in the wear test compared to fullerenes due to oxidation. When the effect of deep drawing parameters on the forming force was analysed, it was concluded that the most effective parameters were temperature (72.32%) and lubricant (20.89%). According to the S/N analysis results, the minimum forming force was obtained under the conditions of solid Teflon lubricant, 250 °C temperature, 15-bar blank holder pressure, and 2 mm/s forming speed. The tribological performance difference between HTC and Teflon is at the 1% level. The results demonstrate the potential industrial usability of HTC as a lubricant.
{"title":"Investigation of tribological performance of hydrothermal carbon by pin-on-disc test and warm deep drawing process","authors":"Özgür Erdem Yurt, Nuri Sen, Hamza Simsir, Yılmaz Kucuk, Emre Altas, M Sabri Gok, Tolgahan Civek, Seyma Korkmaz and M Huseyin Cetin","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the synthesis of hydrothermal carbon (HTC) lubricant and its usability as a lubricant under hot industrial conditions were investigated. In this context, the characterization of HTC produced from organic sources at low cost and in a short time was performed, and its tribological performance was analysed in detail. HTC produced by the hydrothermal carbonization method was characterized through SEM images and EDS analysis. To determine the effect of HTC on friction at different temperatures, HTC was subjected to a pin-on-disc wear test with AA5754 material. The effect of various lubricants, temperatures, blank holder pressure, and forming speed parameters on the forming force for the analysis of the tribological effect of HTC on deep drawing processes were statistically analysed. The performance of HTC was compared with Teflon, fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotube (CNT) materials. According to the results obtained from wear tests, the lowest friction coefficient value was achieved in the presence of fullerenes as the lubricant, and as the temperature increased, the friction coefficient decreased. It was observed that HTC exhibited lower performance in the wear test compared to fullerenes due to oxidation. When the effect of deep drawing parameters on the forming force was analysed, it was concluded that the most effective parameters were temperature (72.32%) and lubricant (20.89%). According to the S/N analysis results, the minimum forming force was obtained under the conditions of solid Teflon lubricant, 250 °C temperature, 15-bar blank holder pressure, and 2 mm/s forming speed. The tribological performance difference between HTC and Teflon is at the 1% level. The results demonstrate the potential industrial usability of HTC as a lubricant.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad4570
Zhengpeng Gu, Qingwen Dai, Wei Huang, Xiaolei Wang
Static seal is widely used in modern machinery. Leakage of static seals would shorten the mechanical system’s service life and affect the environment. To understand the leakage characteristics of static seals, in this work, an experimental apparatus for leakage quantization was built. The effects of surface topography and roughness on the leakage performance of static seals subject to elevated pressure were highlighted. It was found that the leakage rate is negatively correlated with contact pressure. Orientation of surface topography affects the leakage, where the grinding scar parallel to the leakage direction contributes to the leakage, and the perpendicular grinding scar has an inhibiting effect. The leakage rate of irregular and discontinuous surface topography is lower than that of regular ones, and it increases with increasing surface roughness. Furthermore, the leakage mechanism of surface topography and roughness was revealed. This work provides general guidance for the parameters design of static seals.
{"title":"Effect of surface topography and roughness on the leakage of static seals","authors":"Zhengpeng Gu, Qingwen Dai, Wei Huang, Xiaolei Wang","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad4570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad4570","url":null,"abstract":"Static seal is widely used in modern machinery. Leakage of static seals would shorten the mechanical system’s service life and affect the environment. To understand the leakage characteristics of static seals, in this work, an experimental apparatus for leakage quantization was built. The effects of surface topography and roughness on the leakage performance of static seals subject to elevated pressure were highlighted. It was found that the leakage rate is negatively correlated with contact pressure. Orientation of surface topography affects the leakage, where the grinding scar parallel to the leakage direction contributes to the leakage, and the perpendicular grinding scar has an inhibiting effect. The leakage rate of irregular and discontinuous surface topography is lower than that of regular ones, and it increases with increasing surface roughness. Furthermore, the leakage mechanism of surface topography and roughness was revealed. This work provides general guidance for the parameters design of static seals.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b8
Shengli Chen, Jiyuan Zhu
Rapid corrosion rate is limiting the engineering application of magnesium alloys. In this paper, an attempt was made to produce a corrosion resistant coating on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy using hydrothermal method. The coating surface is covered with microspheres and has a dense structure, which effectively isolates the contact between the outside world and the substrate. The corrosion potential(E) raised from −1.57 V to −0.45 V compared to the bare sample. The corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the coating can be reduced by 6 orders of magnitude, and the polarization resistance raised by 6 orders of magnitude. The thickness of the coating is 45.4 μm at the moment, with a minimum of defects on the surface, resulting in excellent corrosion resistance in the immersion test. The coating also has good adhesion strength at 4B, which can expand the application range of magnesium alloy in corrosive environments.
{"title":"One-step hydrothermal preparation of corrosion-resistant coatings with microsphere structure","authors":"Shengli Chen, Jiyuan Zhu","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b8","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid corrosion rate is limiting the engineering application of magnesium alloys. In this paper, an attempt was made to produce a corrosion resistant coating on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy using hydrothermal method. The coating surface is covered with microspheres and has a dense structure, which effectively isolates the contact between the outside world and the substrate. The corrosion potential(E) raised from −1.57 V to −0.45 V compared to the bare sample. The corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the coating can be reduced by 6 orders of magnitude, and the polarization resistance raised by 6 orders of magnitude. The thickness of the coating is 45.4 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m at the moment, with a minimum of defects on the surface, resulting in excellent corrosion resistance in the immersion test. The coating also has good adhesion strength at 4B, which can expand the application range of magnesium alloy in corrosive environments.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b7
Jianpeng Wu, Chengbing Yang, Wenya Shu, Yuxin Wang, Liyong Wang
In high power density transmission systems, the friction and wear characteristic of copper based powder metallurgy materials is directly linked to working reliability. Moreover, these materials have frictional self-healing characteristic at the material interface. This paper focuses on exploring the healing mechanism of copper based powder metallurgy materials and conducts ‘damage-healing’ tests, proposing a method to characterize the self-healing characteristic. Subsequently, through comparative tests, the influence of temperature, speed, and pressure on the self-healing characteristics is analyzed. The results show that the increase in temperature reduces the furrow width and depth by 15.30% and 59.76%, respectively. Pressure has the greatest effect on surface roughness, reducing it by 67%. Meanwhile, this paper developed a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) method to accurately predict the self-healing characterization parameters and self-healing time with small error (average 4.35%) and high correlation coefficient (R2) (average 0.976). This study contributes to the development of interface repair technology for friction materials.
{"title":"Research on self-healing characteristic and state prediction method of the copper based powder metallurgy materials on friction interface","authors":"Jianpeng Wu, Chengbing Yang, Wenya Shu, Yuxin Wang, Liyong Wang","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad44b7","url":null,"abstract":"In high power density transmission systems, the friction and wear characteristic of copper based powder metallurgy materials is directly linked to working reliability. Moreover, these materials have frictional self-healing characteristic at the material interface. This paper focuses on exploring the healing mechanism of copper based powder metallurgy materials and conducts ‘damage-healing’ tests, proposing a method to characterize the self-healing characteristic. Subsequently, through comparative tests, the influence of temperature, speed, and pressure on the self-healing characteristics is analyzed. The results show that the increase in temperature reduces the furrow width and depth by 15.30% and 59.76%, respectively. Pressure has the greatest effect on surface roughness, reducing it by 67%. Meanwhile, this paper developed a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) method to accurately predict the self-healing characterization parameters and self-healing time with small error (average 4.35%) and high correlation coefficient (<italic toggle=\"yes\">R</italic>\u0000<sup>2</sup>) (average 0.976). This study contributes to the development of interface repair technology for friction materials.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the tribological properties of the cylinder liner-piston ring, a two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride/copper composite lubricant additive was prepared and characterized in detail. The tribological properties and lubrication mechanism of nano hexagonal boron nitride composites with different concentrations were studied through the reciprocating friction test on the Rtec friction and wear tester. The results show that copper is successfully reduced and attached to the surface of h-BN nanosheets through the self-polymerization of dopamine, and the spherical structure promotes the interlayer slip of the nanosheets during the reciprocating friction process. The appropriate concentration of nano composite additives has excellent anti-friction and anti-wear properties. At 1 Hz and 100 N, the friction coefficient and wear quality of the nano composite additive with a concentration of 2 wt% were reduced by 29.07% and 76%, respectively. The surface Sq value and Sz value of the cylinder liner sample decreased by 68.06% and 74.47%. At the same time, under the condition of high speed and heavy load, the average wear depth of the cylinder liner sample is reduced by 61.3%. The nano composite material additive forms an excellent friction protective film on the wear surface of the cylinder liner, which can better enter the wear surface of the cylinder liner and produce a filling and repairing effect. The research results provide a method for the use of nano hexagonal boron nitride composite additives to inhibit the wear of cylinder liner-piston ring of Marine diesel engines.
{"title":"Insight into the tribological properties of cylinder liner-piston ring under the nano BNNs/Cu composite additive lubrication","authors":"Lifanxing Liu, Zhiwei Guo, Xiang Rao, Huabin Yin, Chenxing Sheng, Chengqing Yuan","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad44ba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad44ba","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the tribological properties of the cylinder liner-piston ring, a two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride/copper composite lubricant additive was prepared and characterized in detail. The tribological properties and lubrication mechanism of nano hexagonal boron nitride composites with different concentrations were studied through the reciprocating friction test on the Rtec friction and wear tester. The results show that copper is successfully reduced and attached to the surface of h-BN nanosheets through the self-polymerization of dopamine, and the spherical structure promotes the interlayer slip of the nanosheets during the reciprocating friction process. The appropriate concentration of nano composite additives has excellent anti-friction and anti-wear properties. At 1 Hz and 100 N, the friction coefficient and wear quality of the nano composite additive with a concentration of 2 wt% were reduced by 29.07% and 76%, respectively. The surface Sq value and Sz value of the cylinder liner sample decreased by 68.06% and 74.47%. At the same time, under the condition of high speed and heavy load, the average wear depth of the cylinder liner sample is reduced by 61.3%. The nano composite material additive forms an excellent friction protective film on the wear surface of the cylinder liner, which can better enter the wear surface of the cylinder liner and produce a filling and repairing effect. The research results provide a method for the use of nano hexagonal boron nitride composite additives to inhibit the wear of cylinder liner-piston ring of Marine diesel engines.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FeCuMoTiV high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared on the surface of aluminum matrix composites using the laser cladding technique. The physical phase composition of the coating, the hardness of each physical phase, and the friction and wear behavior of the coating were studied in detail. The results show that: From the XRD and TEM analysis, the coating’s physical phases, BCC1(MoV) and BCC2(TiFe), are coherent. From the EBSD analysis, the grains of the coating have no obvious selective orientation, and the average equivalent circle diameter is 26.44 μm. Nanomechanical tests showed that the average hardness of the BCC1 phase in the coating was 7831.2 N mm−2, which provided the coating with excellent abrasion resistance. The average coefficient of friction of the coating showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with the increase of time, and it floated in the range of 0.3 ± 0.05. The coating forms a structure containing Fe2O3, MoO3, CuO, and TiO2 mixed oxide ‘glaze layer’ on the wear surface, which provides good lubrication. Combined with SEM analysis, the wear mechanism of the coating is a mixture of abrasive wear, oxidative wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear.
利用激光熔覆技术在铝基复合材料表面制备了 FeCuMoTiV 高熵合金涂层。详细研究了涂层的物理相组成、各物理相的硬度以及涂层的摩擦和磨损行为。研究结果表明从 XRD 和 TEM 分析来看，涂层的物理相 BCC1（MoV）和 BCC2（TiFe）是一致的。从 EBSD 分析来看，涂层的晶粒没有明显的选择性取向，平均等效圆直径为 26.44 μm。纳米力学测试表明，涂层中 BCC1 相的平均硬度为 7831.2 N mm-2，使涂层具有优异的耐磨性。涂层的平均摩擦系数随着时间的延长呈先减小后增大的趋势，在 0.3 ± 0.05 的范围内浮动。涂层在磨损表面形成了含有 Fe2O3、MoO3、CuO 和 TiO2 混合氧化物的 "釉层 "结构，具有良好的润滑性。结合 SEM 分析，涂层的磨损机理是磨料磨损、氧化磨损、粘着磨损和疲劳磨损的混合。
{"title":"Wear performance of FeCuMoTiV high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding","authors":"Hui Li, Wei He, Feng Wang, Xudong Han, Xinyao Wang, Gonglin Wang, Xiaolong Zhang, Oleksandr Shcheretskyi","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad4403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad4403","url":null,"abstract":"FeCuMoTiV high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared on the surface of aluminum matrix composites using the laser cladding technique. The physical phase composition of the coating, the hardness of each physical phase, and the friction and wear behavior of the coating were studied in detail. The results show that: From the XRD and TEM analysis, the coating’s physical phases, BCC1(MoV) and BCC2(TiFe), are coherent. From the EBSD analysis, the grains of the coating have no obvious selective orientation, and the average equivalent circle diameter is 26.44 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m. Nanomechanical tests showed that the average hardness of the BCC1 phase in the coating was 7831.2 N mm<sup>−2</sup>, which provided the coating with excellent abrasion resistance. The average coefficient of friction of the coating showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with the increase of time, and it floated in the range of 0.3 ± 0.05. The coating forms a structure containing Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MoO<sub>3</sub>, CuO, and TiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide ‘glaze layer’ on the wear surface, which provides good lubrication. Combined with SEM analysis, the wear mechanism of the coating is a mixture of abrasive wear, oxidative wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad44bb
Thomas A Germer, T Brian Renegar, Ulf Griesmann, Johannes A Soons
The vertical scale calibration of an interferometric microscope is important for establishing traceability of surface topography measurements to the International System of Units (SI) unit of length, the meter. Building on the calibration procedure for the amplification coefficient developed by de Groot and Beverage [Proc. SPIE9526, 952610 (2015)], this paper describes a calibration procedure that yields the response curve for the entire vertical scan motion of a coherent scanning interferometric microscope. The method requires only a flat mirror as an artifact, a narrow band spectral filter, an aperture to reduce the effective numerical aperture, and the ability to raise and lower the microscope head so that the center of the interferogram can be varied within the scan range. The local frequency of the interferogram is determined by fitting sections of the interferogram to a sinusoidal function. The nonlinearity determined from the local frequency data can be used to estimate the uncertainty in uncorrected vertical height measurements. We describe how optical profile data can be corrected for nonlinearity due to dynamic effects in the scan motion and show that the correction improves the reproducibility of step height measurements by at least a factor of three and close to that of the repeatability.
干涉显微镜的垂直刻度校准对于建立表面形貌测量与国际单位制（SI）长度单位米的可追溯性非常重要。基于 de Groot 和 Beverage 开发的放大系数校准程序[Proc. SPIE9526, 952610 (2015)]，本文介绍了一种校准程序，可生成相干扫描干涉显微镜整个垂直扫描运动的响应曲线。该方法只需要一个平面镜作为假象、一个窄带光谱滤波器、一个用于减小有效数值孔径的孔径以及升降显微镜头的能力，以便在扫描范围内改变干涉图的中心。干涉图的局部频率是通过将干涉图的部分拟合为正弦函数来确定的。根据局部频率数据确定的非线性度可用于估算未校正垂直高度测量值的不确定性。我们介绍了如何对光学剖面数据进行非线性校正，以消除扫描运动中的动态效应，并表明校正后的阶跃高度测量的重现性至少提高了三倍，重复性也接近三倍。
{"title":"Linearizing the vertical scale of an interferometric microscope and its effect on step-height measurement","authors":"Thomas A Germer, T Brian Renegar, Ulf Griesmann, Johannes A Soons","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad44bb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad44bb","url":null,"abstract":"The vertical scale calibration of an interferometric microscope is important for establishing traceability of surface topography measurements to the International System of Units (SI) unit of length, the meter. Building on the calibration procedure for the amplification coefficient developed by de Groot and Beverage [<italic toggle=\"yes\">Proc. SPIE</italic>\u0000<bold>9526</bold>, 952610 (2015)], this paper describes a calibration procedure that yields the response curve for the entire vertical scan motion of a coherent scanning interferometric microscope. The method requires only a flat mirror as an artifact, a narrow band spectral filter, an aperture to reduce the effective numerical aperture, and the ability to raise and lower the microscope head so that the center of the interferogram can be varied within the scan range. The local frequency of the interferogram is determined by fitting sections of the interferogram to a sinusoidal function. The nonlinearity determined from the local frequency data can be used to estimate the uncertainty in uncorrected vertical height measurements. We describe how optical profile data can be corrected for nonlinearity due to dynamic effects in the scan motion and show that the correction improves the reproducibility of step height measurements by at least a factor of three and close to that of the repeatability.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1088/2051-672x/ad44bc
Lei Wu, Fengze Dai, Mengyue Wang, Xizhang Chen
In this study, ABAQUS was used to predict the dynamic response of surface materials on TC4 titanium alloy during laser shock wave planishing (LSWP). The experiments were conducted to evaluate the simulations. The results indicate that during the initial stage of LSWP, the contact status between the contact foil and the micro-protrusion changes from the one-dimensional stress state to the one-dimensional strain state. This causes the high-amplitude tensile residual stress to converge at the center of the flattened micro-protrusion surface. When treating specimens with high surface roughness, the application of a thin contact foil can significantly lower the height of micro-protrusions and lift the bottom of micro-depressions. This improves the plastic flow of micro-protrusions and prevents the convergence of tensile residual stress. Using a thick contact foil can help extend the pressure pulse duration and prevent the overall surface profile subsidence when treating specimens with lower surface roughness. The outcomes of the experiment and the simulation agree rather well. Additionally, a thick contact foil can reduce the build-up of tensile residual stress by reducing the contact pressure.
{"title":"Dynamic response and roughness control of surface materials on TC4 titanium alloy subjected to laser shock wave planishing","authors":"Lei Wu, Fengze Dai, Mengyue Wang, Xizhang Chen","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad44bc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad44bc","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, ABAQUS was used to predict the dynamic response of surface materials on TC4 titanium alloy during laser shock wave planishing (LSWP). The experiments were conducted to evaluate the simulations. The results indicate that during the initial stage of LSWP, the contact status between the contact foil and the micro-protrusion changes from the one-dimensional stress state to the one-dimensional strain state. This causes the high-amplitude tensile residual stress to converge at the center of the flattened micro-protrusion surface. When treating specimens with high surface roughness, the application of a thin contact foil can significantly lower the height of micro-protrusions and lift the bottom of micro-depressions. This improves the plastic flow of micro-protrusions and prevents the convergence of tensile residual stress. Using a thick contact foil can help extend the pressure pulse duration and prevent the overall surface profile subsidence when treating specimens with lower surface roughness. The outcomes of the experiment and the simulation agree rather well. Additionally, a thick contact foil can reduce the build-up of tensile residual stress by reducing the contact pressure.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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