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EXPRESS: Overcoming path-dependent dynamic capabilities EXPRESS:克服路径依赖的动态能力
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221125807
Arne Keller, Stefan Konlechner, Wolfgang H. Güttel, Georg Reischauer
While seminal work on dynamic capabilities highlights path-dependent trajectories as an important and distinguishing property, recent studies tend to marginalize this feature in favor of an ahistorical and unbound conceptualization. Following the recent ‘history turn’ in strategy and organization research, we examine the essential yet inadequately understood role of path dependence in dynamic capability building and adaptation. Precisely, we demonstrate that dynamic capabilities, as pattern-based, learned, and context-specific entities, are prone to become path-dependent under the effect of self-reinforcing mechanisms. We further show that in the face of discontinuous environmental shifts, path-dependent dynamic capabilities can—paradoxically enough—turn dysfunctional as they perpetuate current, potentially outdated ways through which a firm reconfigures its resource base. Based on this analysis, we identify ad hoc managerial action as the basis for path transformation and path dissolution, as well as path switching and new path creation, which represent complementary ways to deal with path-dependent dynamic capabilities. Our theorizing extends a contingency perspective on dynamic capabilities by shedding light on the limits and potential alternatives of pattern-based adaptation.
虽然关于动态能力的开创性工作强调了路径依赖轨迹是一个重要而独特的属性,但最近的研究倾向于将这一特征边缘化,而倾向于非历史和不受约束的概念化。随着最近战略和组织研究的“历史转折”,我们研究了路径依赖在动态能力建设和适应中的重要但尚未充分理解的作用。准确地说,我们证明了动态能力,作为基于模式的、学习的和特定于上下文的实体,在自我强化机制的作用下容易成为路径依赖。我们进一步表明,面对不连续的环境变化,路径依赖的动态能力可能会自相矛盾地变得功能失调,因为它们使企业重新配置其资源基础的当前可能过时的方式永久化。基于此分析,我们确定了作为路径转换和路径解散以及路径切换和新路径创建的基础的特殊管理行为,它们代表了处理路径依赖动态能力的互补方式。我们的理论通过揭示基于模式的适应的局限性和潜在替代方案,扩展了动态能力的偶然性视角。
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引用次数: 0
The differential categorization of novel products by institutional actors across places: The case of e-cigarettes in the US and the UK 不同地方机构行为者对新产品的不同分类:美国和英国的电子烟案例
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221124022
Thinley Tharchen, R. Garud
Adopting a place-based approach to categorization, we explore how and why institutional actors in the US and the UK have categorized e-cigarettes differently, namely as tobacco products in the US and as non-tobacco consumer products in the UK. Our inquiry identified the historical contingencies generating two different perspectives informing these differential categorizations—precautionary in the US and harm-reduction in the UK. Embedded in these two perspectives are different future imaginaries to address the harm from cigarettes and e-cigarettes to the different population groups at risk (i.e. smokers versus youth and non-smokers). Data also show institutional actors across the two countries offering justifications for or against e-cigarettes by deploying facts from different scientific research. We theorize these findings and conclude the article by discussing the importance of adopting a place-based approach to categorization.
采用基于地点的分类方法,我们探讨了美国和英国的机构参与者如何以及为什么对电子烟进行不同的分类,即美国的烟草产品和英国的非烟草消费品。我们的调查确定了产生两种不同视角的历史偶然事件,为这些不同的分类提供了信息——美国的预防性和英国的减少伤害。这两个视角中包含了不同的未来设想,以解决香烟和电子烟对不同风险人群(即吸烟者、青年人和非吸烟者)的危害。数据还显示,两国的机构行为者通过利用不同科学研究的事实,为支持或反对电子烟提供了理由。我们将这些发现理论化,并通过讨论采用基于地点的分类方法的重要性来结束本文。
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引用次数: 1
The purpose and potential of entrepreneurship research 创业研究的目的和潜力
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221124052
Tyler Wry, Jeffrey York, Theodore L. Waldron
In this essay, we argue that it is folly to stake the legitimacy and value of entrepreneurship research on the uniqueness of its theory. A better path is to orient around questions where we are uniquely positioned to create useful and important knowledge. To this end, we anchor on Venkataraman’s seminal definition and argue that entrepreneurship research should focus on understanding the outcomes of venture creation not just for founders, but also for other stakeholders and society as a whole. Moreover, we argue that generating robust insight into these questions requires contributions from multiple perspectives, and this makes our field’s theoretical diversity a great and under-appreciated asset. Drawing on the metaphor of “borderlands,” we argue that embracing and leveraging diversity can help to address important social and environmental problems while also laying a foundation for the unique identity so long sought by the members of our field.
在本文中,我们认为,把创业研究的合法性和价值押在其理论的独特性上是愚蠢的。更好的途径是围绕我们独特的定位来创造有用和重要的知识的问题。为此,我们以文卡塔拉曼的开创性定义为基础,认为创业研究应该专注于理解创业的结果,不仅是对创始人的,也是对其他利益相关者和整个社会的。此外,我们认为,要对这些问题产生强有力的见解,需要从多个角度做出贡献,这使得我们领域的理论多样性成为一项伟大而被低估的资产。借用“边界地带”的比喻,我们认为,拥抱和利用多样性可以帮助解决重要的社会和环境问题,同时也为我们这个领域的成员长期寻求的独特身份奠定基础。
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引用次数: 2
Pivots as strategic responses to crises: Evidence from Italian companies navigating Covid-19 作为危机应对战略的支点:来自意大利企业应对Covid-19的证据
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221122933
Silvia Sanasi, A. Ghezzi
The Covid-19 outbreak in 2019 and beyond severely threatened global supply chains and markets. Firms worldwide saw their operations limited by governmental restrictions, compromising the viability of their business models and challenging previously established assumptions. This situation offered an opportunity to investigate new ventures’ processes of business model transformation (or pivoting) during a major crisis. Specifically, adopting a multiple case study design, we investigated how four Italian firms operating throughout the Covid-19 emergency pivoted in response to the crisis. We develop a conceptual model of pivots-as-process that comprises three stages: reaction to shock, response, and retrospection, leading to longer-term strategic reorientation. Our findings suggest that pivots play out across the three distinct layers of enactment, reflection, and awareness. Our study contributes to the ongoing debate on strategic responses to crises, borrowing from the entrepreneurship literature to investigate how pivots can support firms when they are faced with a need for swift responses, while coping with the temporariness that characterizes crisis situations.
2019年及以后爆发的新冠肺炎严重威胁到全球供应链和市场。世界各地的公司都认为他们的运营受到政府限制,这损害了他们商业模式的可行性,并挑战了以前建立的假设。这种情况提供了一个机会来调查新企业在重大危机期间的商业模式转型(或转向)过程。具体而言,我们采用多案例研究设计,调查了在新冠肺炎紧急情况下运营的四家意大利公司如何应对危机。我们开发了一个将支点作为过程的概念模型,该模型包括三个阶段:对冲击的反应、反应和回顾,从而导致长期战略调整。我们的研究结果表明,支点贯穿于制定、反思和意识这三个不同的层面。我们的研究为正在进行的关于危机战略应对的辩论做出了贡献,借鉴了创业文献,研究了当企业面临快速应对的需求时,支点如何支持企业,同时应对危机情况的暂时性。
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引用次数: 10
Its name suggests it belongs here: The power of a community namesake in decreasing founding rates during industry emergence 它的名字表明它属于这里:在行业出现期间,社区同名品牌在降低创立率方面的力量
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221122821
Ying Li
This study investigates the power of a community namesake, defined as an organization named after the geographic community, in discouraging potential entrants from entering the local market during industry emergence. I argue that the presence of a community namesake is likely to make potential entrants anticipate stronger competition, because they tend to believe that the local membership proudly claimed by the namesake may drive community stakeholders to reciprocate the namesake with disproportionally more resources. During industry emergence, when there lacks objective information on competitive intensity, the presence of a community namesake can be a sufficient cue of a high local entry barrier that deters potential entrants, resulting in lower founding rates during the post-namesake period at the level of communities. I further predict that the namesakes’ symbolic power should vary depending on their material forms. Material forms that corroborate (i.e. through purpose-built buildings) or make salient (i.e. through visually prominent architectures) the namesakes’ claimed local membership should decrease founding rates to a higher degree. The analysis of the emergence of historical movie theaters in Chicago communities, 1905–1927, provides empirical support to the theorizing.
本研究调查了社区同名者(定义为以地理社区命名的组织)在行业出现期间阻止潜在进入者进入当地市场的力量。我认为,社区同名者的存在可能会使潜在的进入者预计到更激烈的竞争,因为他们倾向于相信,同名者自豪地宣称的当地会员资格可能会促使社区利益相关者以不成比例的更多资源回报同名者。在行业出现期间,当缺乏关于竞争强度的客观信息时,社区同名者的存在可能充分表明当地进入壁垒很高,阻碍了潜在的进入者,从而导致后同名时期社区层面的成立率较低。我进一步预测,同名者的象征力量应该因其物质形式而异。证实(即通过专门建造的建筑)或突出(即通过视觉突出的建筑)同名者声称的当地成员身份的材料形式应在更高程度上降低创始率。对1905年至1927年芝加哥社区历史电影院出现的分析为这一理论提供了实证支持。
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引用次数: 2
EXPRESS: Doing Safe while Doing Good: Slack, Risk Management Capabilities, and the Reliability of Value Creation Through CSR EXPRESS:在做好事的同时做到安全:松懈,风险管理能力,以及通过企业社会责任创造价值的可靠性
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221122428
Hao Lu, Xiaoyu Liu, Oleksiy Osiyevskyy
When can corporate social responsibility (CSR) become a reliable strategic asset? There is a scarcity of both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence investigating the trade-off between the risk and return of CSR. We intend to fill this gap by (1) investigating CSR’s simultaneous impact on firm value and the reliability of this impact, and (2) exploring the conditions under which CSR’s impact on firm value becomes more or less reliable. The presented findings suggest that CSR by itself is an unreliable value enhancer, in that it increases firm value but also increases the variance of expected value distribution. Yet, the impact of CSR on firm value becomes more reliable when a firm has immediately redeployable slack or when a firm has stronger risk management capabilities. This research provides practical implications to managers and investors regarding the riskiness of CSR investments and strategies for mitigating such risks.
企业社会责任何时才能成为可靠的战略资产?研究企业社会责任风险与回报之间的权衡关系的理论论据和实证证据都很缺乏。我们打算通过(1)调查企业社会责任对企业价值的同时影响以及这种影响的可靠性,以及(2)探索企业社会责任对企业价值的影响变得更可靠或更不可靠的条件来填补这一空白。研究结果表明,企业社会责任本身是一个不可靠的价值增强器,因为它增加了企业价值,但也增加了期望值分布的方差。然而,企业社会责任对企业价值的影响在企业具有立即可重新部署的松弛或企业具有更强的风险管理能力时更为可靠。本研究为管理者和投资者提供了有关企业社会责任投资风险和降低风险策略的实践启示。
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引用次数: 7
Looking forward, looking back: Strategic organization and the business model concept 前瞻与回顾:战略组织与商业模式概念
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221122442
Yuliya Snihur, K. Eisenhardt
In the past decade, the business model has emerged as a fundamental strategic and organizational concept. In this essay, we first “look back” to synthesize recent research on designing high-performing business models into two influential research streams. Managerial cognition grapples with the role of holistic mental models and strategic thinking for designing effective configurations of business model attributes. Learning processes address the uncertainties that emerge from the major disruptions that create opportunities for new business models. We then “look forward” to the exciting work on business models that remains for both extending current research and exploring broad societal impacts. Overall, we argue that the business model is rapidly replacing strategy as the most significant source of competitive advantage.
在过去的十年里,商业模式已经成为一个基本的战略和组织概念。在本文中,我们首先“回顾”,将最近关于设计高绩效商业模式的研究综合为两个有影响力的研究流。管理认知在设计商业模式属性的有效配置时,努力发挥整体心理模型和战略思维的作用。学习过程解决了重大中断带来的不确定性,这些中断为新的商业模式创造了机会。然后,我们“期待”在商业模式方面的令人兴奋的工作,这项工作既可以扩展当前的研究,也可以探索广泛的社会影响。总的来说,我们认为商业模式正在迅速取代战略,成为竞争优势的最重要来源。
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引用次数: 6
Seeing business like a state: Firms and industries after the digital revolution 视商业为国家:数字革命后的企业和行业
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221122404
G. Davis, Theodore W. DeWitt
What we know about firms and industries in the United States has been fundamentally shaped by governmental responses to the Great Depression. Mandates for regular disclosures by public corporations and a system of industry categories created for surveys of establishments gave us a synoptic view of the economy that served us well for generations. They also molded the development of the fields of strategic management and organization theory. But the tools and frameworks that made sense in the 1930s are a poor fit with the enterprises we encounter today. Basic terms like firm, industry, size, performance, employee, and nationality are contested. The field of strategic organization may be the academic discipline best suited to helping us transition to a new way of making sense of the organization of the economy.
我们对美国企业和工业的了解基本上是由政府对大萧条的反应所塑造的。对上市公司进行定期披露的要求,以及为企业调查而建立的行业分类体系,让我们对经济有了一个概括性的认识,这对我们几代人来说都很好。他们也塑造了战略管理和组织理论领域的发展。但是,在20世纪30年代有意义的工具和框架并不适合我们今天所遇到的企业。公司、行业、规模、业绩、员工和国籍等基本术语都存在争议。战略组织领域可能是最适合帮助我们过渡到一种理解经济组织的新方式的学术学科。
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引用次数: 1
Navigating the promises and perils of researching emerging phenomena in strategy and organizations 把握研究战略和组织中新兴现象的承诺和风险
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221122394
Siobhan O’Mahony, Susan L. Cohen
Editors and reviewers often issue clarion calls for interesting research with novel theoretical contributions. In response to these calls, scholars often gravitate toward emerging phenomena—novel contexts lacking scholarly community or hot contexts with growing interest. However, simply examining novel and hot phenomena is insufficient to carve an “interesting” theoretical contribution. The promise of studying emerging phenomenon may be seductive, but doing so can also introduce under examined perils. We argue that novel and hot phenomena have distinct promises and perils that are under appreciated—with significant consequences for scholarly careers. Novel phenomena can provide first mover advantages to scholars and generate much interest but may constitute a lonely, risky journey if an appropriate theoretical community does not emerge. Hot topics attract significant attention, but can also be marked by conceptual confusion, fragmenting the accumulation of knowledge as scholars struggle to differentiate their work within a rapidly growing field. Yet, what is considered novel or hot is dynamic. Scholarly interest in novel phenomena can wax, ignite fascination, and become hot or wane with skeptical, uncertain acceptance, influencing both promises and perils. We contribute strategies to help strategy and organization scholars mitigate the perils and amplify the promises of theorizing from novel and hot phenomena.
编辑和评论家经常以新颖的理论贡献发出有趣研究的号角。为了回应这些呼吁,学者们往往倾向于新兴现象——缺乏学术界的新颖语境或兴趣日益浓厚的热门语境。然而,仅仅考察新奇而热门的现象不足以做出“有趣”的理论贡献。研究新兴现象的前景可能很诱人,但这样做也可能带来未经充分审查的危险。我们认为,新颖而热门的现象有着明显的前景和危险,但却被低估了——这对学术生涯产生了重大影响。新颖的现象可以为学者提供先发优势,并引起很大的兴趣,但如果没有合适的理论社区出现,可能会构成一段孤独而危险的旅程。热门话题吸引了人们的极大关注,但也可能以概念混乱为标志,随着学者们在一个快速发展的领域内努力区分他们的工作,知识的积累变得支离破碎。然而,被认为新颖或热门的东西是动态的。学术界对小说现象的兴趣可能会随着怀疑、不确定的接受而升温或减弱,影响承诺和危险。我们提供策略来帮助战略和组织学者减轻危险,并从新颖和热门的现象中扩大理论化的前景。
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引用次数: 3
Emplacing category dynamics: Houselessness and the emergence of transitional micro-housing villages 安置类别动态:无房化和过渡性微型住房村的出现
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/14761270221115329
M. Awad
Recent studies suggest a critical yet unexplored role for local places such as cities and communities in category research. In this study, I investigate how places, as the nexus of cultural, political, and material influences, can shape category dynamics, especially in the early phases of category emergence. I synthesize insights from category work with recent conceptualizations of places as geographically bounded spaces, imbued with meanings and material forms. I conducted an in-depth qualitative field study of the emergence and expansion of a new category, transitional micro-housing villages, also known as Tiny Home Villages, in Eugene, a mid-size city in the United States in 2011–2019. The study unpacks the role of nested places in triggering, enabling, and constraining actors and their work to create, legitimate, and expand a category. Specifically, I highlight the role of local material forms and how actors can mobilize local spaces, technologies, and practices to advance their goals in contested category dynamics.
最近的研究表明,城市和社区等地方在分类研究中发挥着关键但尚未探索的作用。在这项研究中,我调查了地方作为文化、政治和物质影响的纽带,如何塑造类别动态,尤其是在类别出现的早期阶段。我综合了分类工作的见解,以及最近将地方概念化为地理上有界限的空间,充满了意义和物质形式。2011年至2019年,我在美国中等规模城市尤金对一个新类别——过渡微型住房村(也称为小家园村)的出现和扩展进行了深入的定性实地研究。该研究揭示了嵌套位置在触发、启用和约束参与者及其工作以创建、合法和扩展类别方面的作用。具体而言,我强调了当地物质形式的作用,以及行动者如何动员当地空间、技术和实践,以在有争议的类别动态中推进他们的目标。
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引用次数: 2
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Strategic Organization
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