Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献_第3页

A hydrophobic and high-toughness elastomer-modified bio-based film-coated controlled-release fertilizer 一种疏水高韧性弹性体改性生物基膜包覆控释肥料

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01877

Denglun Chen , Lulu Cao , Meiqi Han , Junyin Li , Zhaohui Tong , Chunyan Tang , Yuechao Yang , Shugang Zhang

The development of bio-based controlled-release coating materials for controlled-release fertilizers has become a key research focus in sustainable agriculture, driven by their renewability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits in contrast to conventional petrochemical counterparts, which are often non-renewable, expensive, and slow to degrade. However, bio-based materials utilized for controlled-release coatings, such as vegetable oil and lignin, usually contain hydrophilic groups, which lead to poor hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the coating shell has poor toughness and is prone to rupture. These deficiencies ultimately result in suboptimal nutrient release synchronization with crop growth cycles. In this study, a hydrophobic and high-toughness bio-based polymer coating was prepared by combining an elastomer as a modifier with the bio-based film materials. The bio-based polymer coating modified with 20% elastomer (derived from pentaethylene glycol, castor oil, and isophorone diisocyanate) exhibits high cross-linking density (high gel content), which significantly enhances the coating's mechanical properties and barrier function, thereby successfully mitigating the limitations on its release performance. Specifically, the ultimate tensile strength increases from 1.87 MPa to 14.09 MPa, the elongation at break increases from 6.06% to 15.22%, the water contact angle rises from 111.86° to 126.09°, and the controlled-release period extends from 98 days to 140 days. This study presents a new approach for incorporating the elastomer to enhance bio-based controlled-release fertilizer coating materials. In the long run, this approach is expected to offer technical insights for facilitating resource utilization and the development of sustainable agriculture.

生物基控释肥料涂层材料具有可再生性、成本效益和环境效益，而传统的石化材料往往是不可再生的、昂贵的、降解缓慢的，因此开发生物基控释涂层材料已成为可持续农业的一个重要研究热点。然而，用于控释涂层的生物基材料，如植物油和木质素，通常含有亲水性基团，导致疏水性差。此外，涂层外壳韧性差，容易破裂。这些缺陷最终导致养分释放与作物生长周期同步不理想。在本研究中，将弹性体作为改性剂与生物基薄膜材料结合，制备了疏水、高韧性的生物基聚合物涂层。用20%弹性体（源自五乙二醇、蓖麻油和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯）改性的生物基聚合物涂层具有高交联密度（高凝胶含量），显著提高了涂层的机械性能和屏障功能，从而成功地减轻了其释放性能的限制。其中，极限抗拉强度从1.87 MPa增加到14.09 MPa，断裂伸长率从6.06%增加到15.22%，水接触角从111.86°增加到126.09°，控制释放期从98天延长到140天。本研究提出了一种加入弹性体增强生物基控释肥料包衣材料的新方法。从长远来看，这种方法有望为促进资源利用和可持续农业的发展提供技术见解。

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引用次数: 0

Development of sustainable fibre-reinforced self-compacting geopolymer concrete with enhanced resistance to chemical attacks and shrinkage 具有增强抗化学侵蚀和收缩性能的可持续纤维增强自密实地聚合物混凝土的开发

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01874

Mahdi Heshmati, M. Neaz Sheikh, Muhammad N.S. Hadi

In the pursuit of sustainable construction materials, the development of self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cement-based concrete. However, its brittle behaviour, susceptibility to cracking, and need for elevated-temperature curing limit the structural applications of SCGC, particularly in aggressive environments. This study developed high-strength fibre-reinforced SCGC (FRSCGC) as a novel material, cured at ambient conditions to improve ductility, chemical resistance, and drying shrinkage. Stainless steel fibres with high tensile strength were used to develop FRSCGC. The durability of SCGC and FRSCGC was evaluated through sulphate and acid resistance tests, rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), and drying shrinkage measurements. Experimental results showed a significant improvement in the resistance of SCGC to sulphate, acid, and chloride ion penetration with the addition of stainless steel fibres. Compared to SCGC, drying shrinkage of FRSCGC was reduced from 2360 μɛ to 1420 μɛ, indicating superior dimensional stability. Microstructural analysis revealed that the crack-bridging mechanism of stainless steel fibres enhanced the interfacial transition zone and mitigated the progression of chemical-induced damage, which improved the mechanical and durability properties of FRSCGC under aggressive environments. The findings of this study highlight the potential of FRSCGC as a sustainable and durable construction material for building infrastructure in aggressive environments.

在追求可持续建筑材料的过程中，自密实地聚合物混凝土（SCGC）的发展已经成为传统水泥基混凝土的一种有前途的替代品。然而，SCGC的脆性、易开裂和高温固化限制了其在结构上的应用，特别是在腐蚀性环境中。本研究开发了高强度纤维增强SCGC （FRSCGC）作为一种新型材料，在环境条件下固化，以提高延展性，耐化学性和干燥收缩率。采用高抗拉强度的不锈钢纤维制备FRSCGC。通过硫酸盐和耐酸性测试、快速氯化物渗透性测试（RCPT）和干燥收缩率测试来评估SCGC和FRSCGC的耐久性。实验结果表明，不锈钢纤维的加入显著提高了SCGC的抗硫酸盐、酸和氯离子渗透性能。与SCGC相比，FRSCGC的干燥收缩率从2360 μ /降至1420 μ /，具有较好的尺寸稳定性。显微组织分析表明，不锈钢纤维的裂纹桥接机制增强了界面过渡区，减缓了化学损伤的发展，提高了FRSCGC在恶劣环境下的力学性能和耐久性。这项研究的结果强调了FRSCGC作为一种可持续和耐用的建筑材料在恶劣环境下建造基础设施的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Recoverable porous inorganics/hydrogel composite microbeads achieve ultra-efficient synergistic removal of heavy metal ions and anions: Simple recovery and regeneration 可回收多孔无机物/水凝胶复合微珠实现超高效协同去除重金属离子和阴离子：简单的回收再生

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01873

Rui-Dong Wang , Lei Wang , Zhao-Ting Yang , Zhi-Peng Wang , Wei-Ming Wei , Hua Liu , Wen-Qian Zhang , Lin Du , Qi-Hua Zhao

Synergistically removing heavy metal ions and the coexisting anions is the most optimal strategy for protecting water resources. In this work, the multi-porous coral-like material (IM-3) with high efficiency and synergic removal of heavy metal ions (Hg(II) (1420 mg/g), Pb(II) (623 mg/g) and Cd(II) (203 mg/g)) and anions (Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻) in water had been obtained by using MOF as a template through functionalization. At room temperature (298 K), IM-3 could maintain extremely high removal efficiency in a wide range of acidic environments or at low concentrations (less than 50 mg/L). The important role of MOFs functionalization in collaborative removal was confirmed by experimental tests. DFT calculation analyzed the process of functionalization and proved that functionalization made a significant contribution to the removal of inorganic pollutant. In addition, more recyclable (magnetic) hydrogel composite microbeads (IM@SA) were prepared, which solved the problem of high cost of MOFs recovery and may cause secondary pollution. IM@SA continuously operated in the flow system for 48 h, yet still maintained a removal rate of 99.5%. This work obtained a highly efficient inorganic adsorptive material for water treatment, which realized the synergistic adsorption of cation and anion, realized sustainable application of MOFs in the environmental field, and enhanced the competitiveness of MOFs in applications.

协同去除重金属离子和共存阴离子是保护水资源的最优策略。本研究以MOF为模板，通过功能化，获得了高效协同去除水中重金属离子(Hg(II) （1420 mg/g）、Pb(II) （623 mg/g）和Cd（II) (203 mg/g)）和阴离子（Cl−和NO3−）的多孔类珊瑚材料（im3）。在室温（298 K）下，IM-3在较宽的酸性环境或较低的浓度（低于50 mg/L）下都能保持极高的去除率。实验验证了mof功能化在协同去除中的重要作用。DFT计算分析了功能化过程，证明了功能化对无机污染物的去除有重要贡献。此外，制备了更具可回收性的（磁性）水凝胶复合微珠（IM@SA），解决了mof回收成本高、可能造成二次污染的问题。IM@SA在流动系统中连续运行48 h，仍然保持99.5%的去除率。本工作获得了一种高效的水处理无机吸附材料，实现了阳离子和阴离子的协同吸附，实现了mof在环境领域的可持续应用，增强了mof在应用领域的竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable lithium recovery from hot springs: A multidisciplinary approach 从温泉中可持续回收锂：一种多学科方法

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01871

Giuseppe Di Sotto , Francesco Bianco , Matteo Fiorucci , Marco Race , Michele Saroli

As technology and development advance, global demand for lithium is expected to grow exponentially yearly, hence the need to explore new natural resources to supply the rapid demand. As a leading water resource, lithium is extracted from brines, including salt lakes, geothermal, and oilfield brines. Addressing the lack of studies on new exploitable water resources for lithium extraction, this review presents hot springs as a novel secondary resource for lithium by exploring geological and engineering aspects. The geological section provides information on the genesis of hot springs, mineral structures containing lithium, and the main mechanisms of lithium enrichment in water resources related to water-rock interactions. On the other hand, traditional (i.e., evaporation and chemical precipitation) and advanced lithium extraction engineering techniques, such as direct lithium extraction techniques (e.g., ion exchange, adsorption, solvent extraction, and membrane-based techniques), are here proposed and investigated for hot springs. The review outlines the mechanisms, parameters, and efficiencies associated with the various extraction techniques, highlighting their negative environmental impact and sustainability aspects. Finally, critical aspects and future perspectives are discussed here.

随着技术和发展的进步，全球对锂的需求预计将呈指数级增长，因此需要探索新的自然资源来满足快速的需求。锂是一种主要的水资源，从盐水中提取，包括盐湖、地热和油田盐水。针对近年来国内外对锂资源开发研究不足的问题，从地质和工程两个方面阐述了温泉作为锂资源的一种新的二次资源。地质部分提供了温泉的成因、含锂矿物结构以及与水岩相互作用有关的水资源中锂富集的主要机制的信息。另一方面，传统的（如蒸发和化学沉淀）和先进的锂提取工程技术，如直接锂提取技术（如离子交换、吸附、溶剂提取和膜基技术），在这里被提出和研究。该审查概述了与各种提取技术有关的机制、参数和效率，强调了它们对环境的负面影响和可持续性方面。最后，讨论了关键方面和未来的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-composite Panels from upcycling cigarette butts: Acoustic and thermal characterization 由升级回收的烟头制成的生物复合材料板：声学和热特性

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01867

Aida Ardani , Parham Soltani , Ebrahim Taban , Valeria Selicati , Umberto Berardi

Cigarette butts (CBs), composed of non-biodegradable cellulose acetate fibers, represent one of the most pervasive and persistent forms of urban litter, creating critical environmental and waste management challenges worldwide. This study proposes a material valorization strategy that transforms discarded CBs into multifunctional panels for thermal and acoustic building insulation. After chemical cleaning and treatment, CB-derived fibers were mixed with a natural binder to fabricate bio-composite panels. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize two key fabrication variables, thickness and bulk density, with respect to acoustic and thermal performance. The optimized panels achieved a sound absorption average (SAA) of 0.55 at only 25 mm thickness and thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/m·K, outperforming several conventional commercial benchmark materials. Flexural testing confirmed adequate mechanical integrity for non-structural applications. In addition to demonstrating technical feasibility, this work validates the predictive accuracy of RSM-CCD as an optimization tool for CB-derived composites. Comparative analysis and a preliminary cost estimate highlight the economic viability of the panels. By converting hazardous waste into scalable building products, this study addresses the interconnected challenges of pollution reduction, energy efficiency, and the circular economy in the building sector. While comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA), fire safety testing, and long-term durability remain future steps, the findings establish CB-based panels as a promising pathway toward recycled building materials.

烟头由不可生物降解的醋酸纤维素纤维组成，是最普遍和最持久的城市垃圾之一，在全球范围内造成了严重的环境和废物管理挑战。本研究提出了一种材料增值策略，将废弃的cb转化为用于隔热和隔音建筑的多功能面板。经过化学清洗和处理后，cb衍生纤维与天然粘合剂混合制成生物复合材料板。采用基于中心复合设计（CCD）的响应面法（RSM）优化了两个关键的制造变量，厚度和体积密度，以及声学和热性能。优化后的面板在厚度仅为25 mm时的平均吸声（SAA）为0.55，导热系数为0.038 W/m·K，优于几种传统的商业基准材料。弯曲试验证实非结构应用具有足够的机械完整性。除了证明技术可行性之外，这项工作还验证了RSM-CCD作为cb衍生复合材料优化工具的预测准确性。比较分析和初步成本估计强调了太阳能电池板的经济可行性。通过将危险废物转化为可扩展的建筑产品，本研究解决了建筑行业中污染减少、能源效率和循环经济等相互关联的挑战。虽然全面的生命周期评估（LCA）、消防安全测试和长期耐久性仍是未来的步骤，但研究结果表明，基于cb的面板是回收建筑材料的有希望的途径。

{"title":"Bio-composite Panels from upcycling cigarette butts: Acoustic and thermal characterization","authors":"Aida Ardani , Parham Soltani , Ebrahim Taban , Valeria Selicati , Umberto Berardi","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cigarette butts (CBs), composed of non-biodegradable cellulose acetate fibers, represent one of the most pervasive and persistent forms of urban litter, creating critical environmental and waste management challenges worldwide. This study proposes a material valorization strategy that transforms discarded CBs into multifunctional panels for thermal and acoustic building insulation. After chemical cleaning and treatment, CB-derived fibers were mixed with a natural binder to fabricate bio-composite panels. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize two key fabrication variables, thickness and bulk density, with respect to acoustic and thermal performance. The optimized panels achieved a sound absorption average (SAA) of 0.55 at only 25 mm thickness and thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/m·K, outperforming several conventional commercial benchmark materials. Flexural testing confirmed adequate mechanical integrity for non-structural applications. In addition to demonstrating technical feasibility, this work validates the predictive accuracy of RSM-CCD as an optimization tool for CB-derived composites. Comparative analysis and a preliminary cost estimate highlight the economic viability of the panels. By converting hazardous waste into scalable building products, this study addresses the interconnected challenges of pollution reduction, energy efficiency, and the circular economy in the building sector. While comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA), fire safety testing, and long-term durability remain future steps, the findings establish CB-based panels as a promising pathway toward recycled building materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01867"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tailoring biodegradable copolyesters from bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: Toward sustainable packaging materials 从双（2-羟乙基）对苯二甲酸酯和脂肪族二羧酸中裁剪可生物降解的共聚聚酯：走向可持续包装材料

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01868

Hojun Shin , Gawon Pak , Shinhyeong Choe , Hoseong Moon , Jaewook Myung , Heejong Yu , Woojun Choi , Jongchul Seo

The increasing accumulation of plastic waste and the limited efficiency of mechanical recycling highlight the need for sustainable polymer systems that combine chemical recyclability and biodegradability. Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), a monomer recovered from depolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is an attractive platform for creating new recyclable and compostable materials. However, insufficient understanding of the structure–property–degradation relationships of BHET-derived copolyesters hinders their rational design for packaging applications. In this study, a series of BHET–aliphatic acid copolyesters was synthesized via melt polycondensation using aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with varying chain lengths to investigate the influence of the molecular architecture on the material performance and end-of-life behavior. Increasing the aliphatic chain length reduced the crystallinity and thermal transition temperatures, resulting in enhanced flexibility and optical transparency but reduced tensile strength and gas-barrier efficiency. Under industrial composting conditions, longer-chain copolyesters degraded more rapidly, transitioning from surface-limited erosion to bulk erosion driven by hydrolysis-induced ester bond cleavage. Compared with commercial poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), the BHET–aliphatic series exhibited superior optical clarity and higher recycled carbon content, underscoring their potential as next-generation sustainable packaging materials that unify performance and circular sustainability metrics. These findings offer practical guidance for the development of biodegradable aromatic–aliphatic copolymers for sustainable packaging applications, aligned with the relationship among molecular structure, material properties, and biodegradation.

塑料废物的不断积累和机械回收的有限效率突出了对结合化学可回收性和生物可降解性的可持续聚合物系统的需求。双（2-羟乙基）对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（BHET）是一种从聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）解聚中回收的单体，是创造新的可回收和可堆肥材料的有吸引力的平台。然而，对bht衍生共聚聚酯的结构-性能-降解关系的理解不足，阻碍了它们在包装应用中的合理设计。本研究以不同链长的脂肪族二羧酸为原料，通过熔融缩聚法制备了一系列bhet -脂肪酸共聚酯，研究了分子结构对材料性能和寿命终止行为的影响。增加脂肪链长度降低了结晶度和热转变温度，从而提高了柔韧性和光学透明度，但降低了拉伸强度和气体阻隔效率。在工业堆肥条件下，长链共聚酯降解速度更快，从表面有限的侵蚀转变为由水解诱导的酯键裂解驱动的整体侵蚀。与商业聚苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）相比，bhet -脂肪系列具有优越的光学清晰度和更高的再生碳含量，强调了它们作为下一代可持续包装材料的潜力，统一了性能和循环可持续性指标。这些发现为可持续包装应用的可生物降解芳烃-脂肪族共聚物的开发提供了实际指导，与分子结构，材料性能和生物降解之间的关系一致。

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引用次数: 0

Vegetable oil-based non-isocyanate polyurethane sizing agent: Constructing a “rigid-flexible” green interface for carbon fiber/epoxy composites 植物油基非异氰酸酯聚氨酯施胶剂：为碳纤维/环氧复合材料构建“刚柔”绿色界面

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01866

Hao Liu , Weifeng Du , Hongjun Wang , Chunhong Zhang , Junbo Zang , Lu Wang , Lei Shang , Yuhui Ao

Polyurethane sizing agents are widely applied in solving interface issues in carbon fiber composites. Influenced by the concept of sustainable development, the scientific community has been seeking a non-isocyanate green synthesis route for polyurethane to replace traditional petroleum-based polyurethane for decades. This article uses epoxidized soybean oil and CO₂ to prepare carbonated epoxidized soybean oil, and synthesizes a non-isocyanate polyurethane through five-membered cyclic carbonate aminolysis for the development of a green and efficient water-based non isocyanate polyurethane (BNIPU) sizing agent for constructing the “rigid-flexible” green interface of composites. The use of isocyanates in synthesis has been eliminated, achieving environmental friendliness and high efficiency. BNIPU sizing agent efficiently improves the interfacial properties of CF/EP composite materials. After evaluation, the IFSS and ILSS of the modified CF₂₀/EP composite reached 127.69 MPa and 96.22 MPa, respectively. Compared to the composite material without sizing, the improvement was 125.28% and 80.05%, respectively. This paper provides a new approach for a novel green synthesis route for polyurethane and suggests the possibility of partially replacing traditional polyurethane.

聚氨酯施胶剂广泛应用于解决碳纤维复合材料的界面问题。受可持续发展理念的影响，几十年来科学界一直在寻求聚氨酯的非异氰酸酯绿色合成路线，以取代传统的石油基聚氨酯。本文以环氧大豆油和CO2制备碳酸化环氧大豆油，并通过五元环碳酸酯氨解合成非异氰酸酯聚氨酯，开发绿色高效的水基非异氰酸酯聚氨酯（BNIPU）施胶剂，构建复合材料的“刚柔”绿色界面。在合成过程中不再使用异氰酸酯，实现了环保和高效。BNIPU施胶剂能有效改善CF/EP复合材料的界面性能。经评价，改性CF20/EP复合材料的IFSS和ILSS分别达到127.69 MPa和96.22 MPa。与未施胶的复合材料相比，分别提高了125.28%和80.05%。本文为新型绿色聚氨酯合成路线提供了一条新途径，并提出了部分替代传统聚氨酯的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable electro-osmotic consolidation of soft clay using eco-friendly carbon–silica synergistic materials for enhanced stabilization and contaminant control 可持续电渗透固结软粘土使用生态友好的碳-硅协同材料，以增强稳定性和污染物控制

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01865

Lei Zhang , Fangyu Hou , Binghui Wang , Zhongze Jia , Dandan Jin , Chen Fang

To advance sustainable ground improvement techniques, this study investigates the synergistic use of eco-friendly carbon and silica materials to enhance electro-osmotic consolidation (EOC) of soft clay. Nine laboratory tests were conducted under combined electro-osmotic consolidation and surcharge preloading (EOC-SP) to evaluate the influence of these materials on current stability, drainage behavior, pH evolution, and microstructural changes. The results demonstrated that carbonaceous materials formed a conductive network, increasing current stability and extending effective drainage duration by up to 56 h, with water discharge elevated by 79.8%. Acidic nano-silica sol mitigated anode acidification through pH buffering and in-situ gelation, reducing porosity by 57.3% and improving bearing capacity by 60–80 kPa. The combined application of these materials leveraged complementary mechanisms, in which carbon additives sustained electrical conductivity and promote pore water migration, and silica sol enhanced particle cementation and regulates electro-chemical reactions. This integrated approach significantly improved consolidation uniformity and energy efficiency, offering a sustainable and effective strategy for soft clay ground improvement. The findings provide both theoretical and practical insights into the design of sustainable electro-osmotic technologies for foundation engineering.

为了推进可持续土地改良技术，本研究探讨了生态友好型碳和硅材料的协同使用，以增强软粘土的电渗透固结（EOC）。在电渗固结和附加预压（EOC-SP）联合作用下进行了9项实验室试验，以评估这些材料对电流稳定性、排水行为、pH演变和微观结构变化的影响。结果表明，碳质材料形成了导电网络，提高了电流稳定性，延长了有效排水时间，最长可达56 h，水排放量提高了79.8%。酸性纳米硅溶胶通过pH缓冲和原位凝胶作用减轻了阳极酸化，降低了57.3%的孔隙率，提高了60-80 kPa的承载能力。这些材料的联合应用利用了互补机制，其中碳添加剂维持电导率并促进孔隙水迁移，硅溶胶增强颗粒胶结并调节电化学反应。这种综合方法显著改善了软土地基的固结均匀性和能源效率，为软土地基的治理提供了可持续、有效的策略。研究结果为基础工程中可持续电渗透技术的设计提供了理论和实践见解。

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引用次数: 0

Technological pathways and sustainability insights into spent lithium-ion batteries 废锂离子电池的技术路径和可持续性见解

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01859

Anusha Ekanayake , Samson S. Yu , Sakib T. Hossain , Hongli Su , Yihan Chen , Joe Fleming , Yongqing Zhang , Shuaifei Zhao

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) provides a strategic pathway toward resource circularity, carbon emission reduction, and supply chain resilience amid the growing accumulation of end-of-life LIBs. This review synthesizes state-of-the-art developments in LIB recycling technologies and provides a critical comparison of their technical mechanisms, process efficiencies, and scalability at both laboratory and industrial levels. Existing life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis studies are critically compared for evaluating the environmental impacts and economic feasibility of different recycling technologies. This work supports informed decision-making by researchers, policymakers, and industry by identifying key challenges and providing future directions to ensure the long-term sustainability of the battery industry. Although conventional metallurgical approaches demonstrate strong industrial applicability, they are limited by high operating temperatures and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, direct recycling and upcycling methods offer simpler and more efficient routes to retain the residual value of spent LIBs. However, the need for advanced pretreatment steps and reliance on accurate assessment of failure states limit practical implementation. Apart from technological advancements, supportive policy frameworks and regulatory standards are essential for the sustainable life-cycle management of LIBs. This review aims to inspire innovative solutions that combine technological advancement with sustainable industrial practices to enhance circular management of LIBs.

回收废旧锂离子电池（LIBs）为资源循环、碳减排和供应链弹性提供了一条战略途径，以应对日益增多的报废锂离子电池。这篇综述综合了LIB回收技术的最新发展，并在实验室和工业水平上对其技术机制、过程效率和可扩展性进行了关键的比较。对现有的生命周期评价和技术经济分析研究进行了批判性的比较，以评价不同回收技术的环境影响和经济可行性。这项工作通过确定关键挑战并提供未来方向，以确保电池行业的长期可持续性，为研究人员、政策制定者和行业提供明智的决策支持。虽然传统的冶金方法显示出很强的工业适用性，但它们受到高操作温度和相关温室气体排放的限制。相比之下，直接回收和升级回收方法提供了更简单和更有效的途径来保留废lib的剩余价值。然而，需要先进的预处理步骤和对故障状态的准确评估限制了实际实施。除了技术进步外，支持性政策框架和监管标准对于lib的可持续生命周期管理至关重要。本综述旨在激发创新的解决方案，将技术进步与可持续的工业实践相结合，以加强lib的循环管理。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic evaluation of interphase softening in GF-epoxy composites via freeze-thaw recycling: A nano-indentation study 冻融循环对gf -环氧复合材料界面软化的机理评价：纳米压痕研究

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01860

Khalil Ahmed, Xu Jiang, Xuhong Qiang

Retired glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy (GF-epoxy) composites, such as wind-turbine blades, pose challenges for efficient fiber-resin separation due to their highly robust interphase. Controlled pre-softening of this region is essential for efficient recovery in modular recycling systems. However, it remains overlooked in conventional thermo-chemical routes that attack the bulk composite, damage silane-rich GF sizing, and pose environmental concerns. Building on our earlier demonstration of freeze-thaw (FT) recycling, this study provides a mechanistic understanding of interphase softening as an alternative to conventional methods. Short and long (5,10 cycle) FT treatments were applied to examine effects on the inner and outer interphase. Nano-mechanical results revealed ∼27% interphase modulus reduction after short cycling, while the fiber-adjacent region remained mechanically unchanged. In contrast, prolonged cycling led to ∼7–8% partial interphase modulus rebound accompanied by increased compliance near the fiber wall, indicating that extended FT exposure eventually influences this inner region. Corelative gravimetric and micro-CT trends further support moisture ingress and crack evolution as key drivers of these transitions, with literature indicating possible accompanying hydrolysis-recondensation effects. These findings identify short FT cycling as the most effective and scalable pre-treatment window for selective interphase weakening while maintaining the mechanical response of the fiber-adjacent region.

退役的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂（gf -环氧）复合材料，如风力涡轮机叶片，由于其高度坚固的界面相，对有效的纤维-树脂分离提出了挑战。在模块化回收系统中，控制该区域的预软化对于有效回收至关重要。然而，在传统的热化学路线中，它仍然被忽视，这些路线会破坏大块复合材料，破坏富含硅烷的GF浆料，并造成环境问题。在我们早期冻融（FT）回收的演示基础上，本研究提供了对相间软化作为传统方法替代方案的机理理解。采用短周期和长周期（5,10周期）FT处理来检测对内间期和外间期的影响。纳米力学结果显示，短周期后相间模量降低了27%，而纤维邻近区域的力学性能保持不变。相反，长时间的循环导致~ 7-8%的部分相间模量反弹，同时纤维壁附近的顺应性增加，表明延长的FT暴露最终影响了该内部区域。相关的重量和微ct趋势进一步支持水分进入和裂纹演化是这些转变的关键驱动因素，文献表明可能伴随水解-再缩合效应。这些发现表明，在保持纤维邻近区域的机械响应的同时，短FT循环是选择性间期减弱的最有效和可扩展的预处理窗口。

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