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A comprehensive review of PM6:BTP-eC9 based non-fullerene organic solar cells 基于 PM6:BTP-eC9 的非富勒烯有机太阳能电池综述
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01173
Haoran Wang , Fan He , Lei Wang , Chao Feng , Ling Zhao , Hongzhu Ji , Shuhong Li , Wenjun Wang , Qiang Shi , Yunlong Liu , Di Huang
Organic solar cells (OSCs), with their advantages such as lightweight, flexible and environmental sustainability, have attracted tremendous attention in the past decades. Among OSCs, the PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs has gained significant interest due to its wide spectral response, tunability of energy levels, processability and high power conversion efficiency (PCE), resulting in a substantial increase in published works. To date, the PCE of laboratory-grade PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs has exceeded 20 %. And this efficiency has laid a solid foundation for its industrial application. This paper mainly summarizes the comprehensive progress of PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs, providing detailed explanations on improvement methods such as interface layers modification, active layer morphology regulation, ternary strategy, and so on, seeking to comprehend the impact of various treatments on the performance of PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs and to broaden the utilization of PM6:BTP-eC9 materials. Additionally, we offer a perspective on the emerging prospects for PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs. Finally, this review may contribute to the thorough research of PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs and the realization of the material's full potential for future researchers in this field.
有机太阳能电池(OSC)具有轻质、灵活和环境可持续发展等优点,在过去几十年中吸引了人们的极大关注。在有机太阳能电池中,基于 PM6:BTP-eC9 的有机太阳能电池因其宽光谱响应、能级可调、可加工性和高功率转换效率(PCE)而备受关注,发表的论文也因此大幅增加。迄今为止,基于实验室级 PM6:BTP-eC9 的 OSC 的 PCE 已超过 20%。这一效率为其工业应用奠定了坚实的基础。本文主要总结了基于 PM6:BTP-eC9 的 OSCs 的综合研究进展,详细阐述了界面层改性、活性层形态调控、三元策略等改进方法,力求理解各种处理方法对基于 PM6:BTP-eC9 的 OSCs 性能的影响,拓宽 PM6:BTP-eC9 材料的应用范围。此外,我们还对基于 PM6:BTP-eC9 的 OSCs 的新兴前景进行了展望。最后,本综述可能有助于深入研究基于 PM6:BTP-eC9 的 OSCs,并为该领域未来的研究人员充分发挥该材料的潜力做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the effect of cycle time and ambient temperature on the failure mechanisms of commercial LiCoO2/artificial graphite pouch cells 揭示循环时间和环境温度对商用钴酸锂/人造石墨袋电池失效机制的影响
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01170
Tong Li , Menghang Su , Shi-Ran Li , Renbo Deng , Hui-ling Xia , Xu-Feng Zang
Many efforts have been devoted to investigate failure mechanisms of LiCoO2-based lithium-ion batteries at ≥4.55 vs. Li+/Li. However, most of these works are conducted on coin-type half-cells and rarely consider the effects of cycle time and ambient temperature on mechanisms. So, it calls an alarming demand for making clear the cyclabilities of cells at different temperatures, then differentiating the root causes for their capacity degradations. Herein, the cyclabilities of an ∼3.1 Ah commercial LiCoO2/artificial graphite pouch cell at 3–4.45 V are compared at 25 and 60 °C. It is found that the cycle lives at 25 and 60 °C are 2944 and 122 cycles, respectively. The structural variations of the cycled electrodes are systematically studied. Results reveal that the main cause for the capacity beginning to decline after 3000 cycles at 25 °C is the damage of LiCoO2 structure, while its impedance growth and other side reactions are not severe. Differently, the capacity dropping upon cycling at 60 °C is caused by the parasitic reactions including successive electrolyte decomposition, severe cobalt dissolution and Li deposition. Obviously, these findings can provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing of LiCoO2 cells.
许多人致力于研究钴酸锂基锂离子电池在≥4.55vs.Li+/Li条件下的失效机理。然而,这些研究大多针对纽扣型半电池,很少考虑循环时间和环境温度对失效机理的影响。因此,迫切需要明确电池在不同温度下的循环能力,进而区分电池容量衰减的根本原因。在此,比较了 3.1 Ah 的商用钴酸锂/人造石墨袋电池在 3-4.45 V 和 25 和 60 °C 下的循环能力。结果发现,在 25 ℃ 和 60 ℃ 下的循环寿命分别为 2944 次和 122 次。对循环电极的结构变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,在 25 ℃ 下循环 3000 次后容量开始下降的主要原因是钴酸锂结构的损坏,而其阻抗增长和其他副反应并不严重。不同的是,在 60 °C 下循环后容量下降是由寄生反应引起的,包括连续电解质分解、严重的钴溶解和锂沉积。显然,这些发现为进一步优化钴酸锂电池提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Separation of adhesive joints of pouch cells in the context of battery module disassembly 在拆卸电池模块时分离袋状电池的粘接处
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01174
Dominik Goes, Eduard Gerlitz, Matthias Kagon, Hendrik Möllers, Florian Kößler, Jürgen Fleischer
The increase in demand for electric vehicles due to the transformation to electromobility will lead to a large number of batteries reaching the end of life and needing to be disposed of. Direct recycling of batteries requires disassembly down to cell level. However, adhesive bonds present a major obstacle to mechanical disassembly. In this work, adhesive bonds between pouch cells are characterised and possible separation processes are identified. Based on this, an industrial system concept for cutting the adhesive bonds, particularly with a rope cut, is developed and tested. A stable and safe process parameter space was identified. The separation process can enable further circular economy strategies such as remanufacturing or reusing the battery cells.
由于向电动交通转型,对电动汽车的需求增加,这将导致大量电池达到报废年限并需要处理。电池的直接回收需要拆卸到电池级。然而,粘合剂是机械拆卸的主要障碍。在这项工作中,对小袋电池之间的粘合剂进行了表征,并确定了可能的分离工艺。在此基础上,开发并测试了切割粘合剂的工业系统概念,特别是绳索切割。确定了稳定安全的工艺参数空间。分离工艺可进一步推动循环经济战略,如电池芯的再制造或再利用。
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引用次数: 0
Outstanding energy storage properties and dielectric temperature reliability in Na0.35Bi0.35Sr0.3TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics through entropy engineering 通过熵工程实现基于 Na0.35Bi0.35Sr0.3TiO3 的弛豫铁电材料的出色储能特性和介电温度可靠性
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01172
Zhemin Chen, Yongping Pu, Yiting Hui, Qi Zhang, Yating Ning, Lei Zhang, Chunhui Wu
It is challenging to realize excellent overall properties of relaxor ferroelectrics to overcome the demands of capacitors. In this research, an effective strategy of entropy engineering addresses the above problem. The (1-x)Na0.35Bi0.35Sr0.3TiO3-xCa0.85Sm0.1(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (NBST-xCSMN) ceramics were prepared via a solid-phase reaction method. The linear dielectric CSMN was adopted as additive to adjust the configuration entropy (∆Sconfig) of samples. The outcomes indicate that the enhancement of ∆Sconfig is beneficial to reduce grain size and interfacial polarization, improve activation energy and optimize dielectric features. The superior energy storage capability (Wrec = 5.2 J/cm3, η = 88 %) as well as dielectric temperature reliability (∆C/C25°C ≤ ± 15 %, −57–323 °C) in accordance with X9R was gained in NBST-0.15CSMN with ∆Sconfig = 1.91R. This study indicates that entropy engineering is a shortcut to design next-generation capacitors with high comprehensive performance.
如何实现弛豫铁电材料的优异综合性能,以满足电容器的需求,是一项挑战。在这项研究中,一种有效的熵工程策略解决了上述问题。通过固相反应法制备了 (1-x)Na0.35Bi0.35Sr0.3TiO3-xCa0.85Sm0.1(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (NBST-xCSMN) 陶瓷。采用线性介电 CSMN 作为添加剂来调节样品的构型熵(∆Sconfig)。结果表明,提高 ∆Sconfig 有利于减小晶粒尺寸和界面极化,提高活化能并优化介电特性。在 NBST-0.15CSMN 中,∆Sconfig = 1.91R 的能量存储能力(Wrec = 5.2 J/cm3,η = 88 %)以及介电温度可靠性(∆C/C25°C ≤ ± 15 %,-57-323 °C)均优于 X9R。这项研究表明,熵工程是设计具有高性能的下一代电容器的捷径。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability promotion through asphalt pavements: A review of existing tools and innovations 通过沥青路面促进可持续性:现有工具和创新综述
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01162
Araz Hasheminezhad, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim
Asphalt pavements, serving as the backbone of road networks worldwide, are crucial to transportation infrastructure. Conventional asphalt pavements have raised concerns due to their environmental impact and sustainability over time. This paper reviews emerging strategies, tools, and innovations used to promote the sustainability of asphalt pavements. It explores existing methodologies for assessing sustainability, including innovations in materials, design and construction practices, and maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. Life-cycle assessments of sustainable asphalt pavements containing innovative materials in terms of environmental impacts have been thoroughly investigated. Case studies are presented for practical applications of sustainability initiatives in asphalt pavement projects, lessons learned, and challenges encountered. The paper identifies future directions and research needs, emphasizing the importance of continued efforts to promote sustainability in asphalt pavements.
沥青路面是全球公路网的骨架,对交通基础设施至关重要。传统的沥青路面因其对环境的影响和长期的可持续性而备受关注。本文回顾了用于促进沥青路面可持续性的新兴战略、工具和创新。它探讨了评估可持续性的现有方法,包括材料、设计和施工方法以及养护和修复策略方面的创新。对包含创新材料的可持续沥青路面在环境影响方面的生命周期评估进行了深入研究。本文还介绍了沥青路面项目中可持续发展措施的实际应用案例研究、经验教训和遇到的挑战。论文确定了未来的方向和研究需求,强调了继续努力促进沥青路面可持续性的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable pollution treatment system through Fiber filter materials 通过纤维过滤材料实现可持续的污染处理系统
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01168
Tianyu Luo , Junze Zhang , Jiaqi Wang , Hanzi Shi , Yan Hong , Run Zhao
With the continuous deterioration of the environment and people's pursuit of quality of life, a variety of filtration and adsorption materials have been developed to deal with waste gas, wastewater, and other pollutants generated from industry and life. Among the filtration and adsorption materials, fiber filter materials have gradually become the focus of research due to their environmentally friendly and reusable properties. Herein, a complete overview of the latest advances in the fabrication and functionalization of fiber filter materials for pollution treatment applications was provided. The classification and mechanism of fiber filter materials such as physical filtering, chemical filtering and biological filtering are introduced. Also, the fabrication technologies of fiber filter materials (including spinning technology, surface modification method, 3D printing, and molecular self-assembly approach) are described as well as their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The practical applications of pollution treatment including air purification, water treatment, separation of chemicals, and biological applications are illustrated in detail with various existing research typical examples. Finally, the tough challenges and future considerations for fiber filter materials are critically analyzed, aiming to implement them in real applications.
随着环境的不断恶化和人们对生活质量的追求,各种过滤和吸附材料应运而生,以处理工业和生活中产生的废气、废水和其他污染物。在这些过滤和吸附材料中,纤维过滤材料因其环保和可重复使用的特性逐渐成为研究的重点。本文全面概述了纤维过滤材料的制造和功能化在污染处理应用方面的最新进展。介绍了纤维过滤材料的分类和机理,如物理过滤、化学过滤和生物过滤。此外,还介绍了纤维过滤材料的制造技术(包括纺丝技术、表面改性方法、3D 打印和分子自组装方法),并分析了其优缺点。通过各种现有研究的典型实例,详细说明了污染处理的实际应用,包括空气净化、水处理、化学分离和生物应用。最后,对纤维过滤材料面临的严峻挑战和未来的考虑因素进行了批判性分析,旨在将其应用于实际应用中。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of C2 and C3 hydrocarbons through photocatalytic CO2 conversion on vertical Bi2WO6 nanosheets 通过垂直 Bi2WO6 纳米片上的光催化二氧化碳转化形成 C2 和 C3 碳氢化合物
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01171
Chia-Ju Lee , Rajneesh Chaurasiya , Jen-Sue Chen , Jih-Jen Wu
In contrast to conventional nanostructured photocatalysts that only catalyze the conversion of CO2 into C1 compounds of CO and CH3OH, in this study, the Bi2WO6 nanosheets are deliberately grown to form a unique vertical configuration for achieving superior photocatalytic CO2 conversion in the production of additional C2/C3 hydrocarbons, such as HCOOCH3, CH3CHO, and CH3COCH3. These products can serve as high-caloric-value fuels and chemical feedstocks, contributing to sustainability by potentially replacing fossil fuels. The vertical Bi2WO6 nanosheets predominantly expose (010) crystal planes to the CO2 atmosphere. By modifying the nanosheet to display a jagged porous feature that exposes a higher proportion of edge surfaces perpendicular to the main exposure faces, the resulting vertical porous Bi2WO6 nanosheets catalyze the formation of additional hydrocarbons, including CH4 and CH3CH2CHO. This enhancement further strengthens the sustainability merit of this photocatalytic process. To support these experimental findings, density functional theory calculations verify the enhanced photocatalytic activity of a characteristic edge face, the Bi2WO6 (100) plane, compared to the Bi2WO6 (010) plane in the conversion of CO2 and H2O into hydrocarbons requiring multielectron transfer. This study highlights the effectiveness of the vertical Bi2WO6 nanosheets, primarily featuring exposed (010) crystal planes along with additional exposed edge faces, in promoting sustainable CO2 conversion reactions for the production of C2/C3 hydrocarbons involving multielectron transfer processes.
传统的纳米结构光催化剂只能催化 CO2 转化为 CO 和 CH3OH 的 C1 化合物,与此不同的是,在本研究中,Bi2WO6 纳米片经过特意生长,形成了独特的垂直结构,从而在生产额外的 C2/C3 碳氢化合物(如 HCOOCH3、CH3CHO 和 CH3COCH3)过程中实现了卓越的光催化 CO2 转化。这些产品可作为高热值燃料和化学原料,通过替代化石燃料为可持续发展做出贡献。垂直的 Bi2WO6 纳米片主要将 (010) 晶面暴露在二氧化碳环境中。通过对纳米片进行改性,使其呈现锯齿状多孔特征,从而暴露出更多垂直于主要暴露面的边缘表面,由此产生的垂直多孔 Bi2WO6 纳米片可催化形成更多碳氢化合物,包括 CH4 和 CH3CH2CHO。这种提高进一步加强了这种光催化过程的可持续性优势。为支持这些实验结果,密度泛函理论计算证实,在将 CO2 和 H2O 转化为需要多电子转移的碳氢化合物的过程中,与 Bi2WO6 (010) 面相比,Bi2WO6 (100) 面这一特征边缘面的光催化活性得到了增强。这项研究强调了垂直 Bi2WO6 纳米片在促进涉及多电子转移过程的 C2/C3 碳氢化合物生产的可持续 CO2 转化反应中的有效性,这种纳米片主要以暴露的 (010) 晶面和其他暴露的边缘面为特征。
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引用次数: 0
Micro-interface dynamics and macro-performance improvement in bitumen emulsion cold mixing for sustainable pavements: A critical review of moisture's impact 用于可持续路面的沥青乳液冷拌中的微界面动力学和宏观性能改进:对水分影响的批判性审查
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01169
Tiancheng Liu, Jiwang Jiang, Chunhan Gong
Bitumen emulsion cold mixing (BE-CM) technology is characterized by its environmental friendliness, resource conservation, and ease of construction. It plays a significant leading role in addressing the sustainability challenges in the highway transportation sector and has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, due to the presence of emulsifiers and moisture, the ionic environment of the solution components is complex. Currently, the moisture migration patterns within BE-CM mixtures and its effects on the micro-interface and macro-performance of BE-CM mixtures remain insufficiently understood. This has limited the widespread application of BE-CM technology. To further promote the development of BE-CM technology, this paper, based on bibliometric analysis, reviews and discusses the following three aspects: multi-scale characterization and modeling of moisture effects, adsorption and adhesion behavior at the bitumen emulsion-aggregate interface, and macroscopic performance enhancement of BE-CM mixtures. Additionally, several recommendations are provided to guide future research.
沥青乳液冷拌(BE-CM)技术具有环境友好、节约资源和易于施工的特点。它在应对公路交通领域的可持续发展挑战方面发挥着重要的主导作用,近年来已成为研究热点。然而,由于乳化剂和水分的存在,溶液成分的离子环境十分复杂。目前,人们对 BE-CM 混合物中的水分迁移模式及其对 BE-CM 混合物的微观界面和宏观性能的影响仍然了解不足。这限制了 BE-CM 技术的广泛应用。为了进一步推动 BE-CM 技术的发展,本文在文献计量分析的基础上,对以下三个方面进行了回顾和讨论:水分效应的多尺度表征和建模、沥青乳液-集料界面的吸附和粘附行为以及 BE-CM 混合物的宏观性能提升。此外,还提出了一些指导未来研究的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Mango leaves extract as sustainable corrosion inhibitor for X70 steel in HCl medium: Integrated experimental analysis and computational electronic/atomic-scale simulation 芒果叶提取物作为盐酸介质中 X70 钢的可持续缓蚀剂:综合实验分析和电子/原子尺度计算模拟
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01167
Lei Guo , Lei Zhu , Chin-Hung Lai , Bochuan Tan , Jun Chang , Riadh Marzouki , Yan Tan , Amir Mahmoud Makin
Mangoes are one of the most abundant fruit tree crops in most countries. Unfortunately, mango leaves are generally dumped as agricultural waste due to their abundance, resulting in significant waste and environmental pollution. In this study, electrochemical and weight loss techniques were utilized to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of mango leaves extract (MLE) on the corrosion of X70 steel in 1 M HCl. The results indicated that MLE was an excellent corrosion inhibitor for X70 steel to resist corrosion in an acidic environment, and the inhibition efficiency was effectively improved by increasing the inhibitor concentration and decreasing the temperature. Electrochemical tests have shown that MLE functions as a corrosion inhibitor with a mixed-type mechanism. Fitting the adsorption isotherm with electrochemical data, confirmed that MLE demonstrates corrosion resistance on metal surfaces through adsorption, and this adsorption conforms to the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption phenomenon was deeply investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MLE is further proven to interact with the steel surface to generate an adsorption layer that prevents steel corrosion in an acidic environment. In particular, the density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) calculations results also suggest that the π electron and lone-pair electrons in the main components of MLE are conducive to enhancing the adsorption of corrosion inhibitor molecules on the iron surface, to achieve a more effective inhibition effect. Furthermore, the toxicity prediction indicates that the MLE components are nearly non-toxic, which complies with environmental protection regulations. MLE has excellent corrosion resistance, with a corrosion inhibition efficiency of nearly 90 % at a concentration of 400 mg/L, while also helping to solve agricultural waste management challenges.
芒果是大多数国家最丰富的果树作物之一。遗憾的是,由于芒果叶产量丰富,通常被作为农业废弃物倾倒,造成了严重的浪费和环境污染。本研究利用电化学和失重技术研究了芒果叶提取物(MLE)在 1 M HCl 中对 X70 钢腐蚀的抑制机制。结果表明,芒果叶提取物是 X70 钢在酸性环境中抗腐蚀的极佳缓蚀剂,通过增加缓蚀剂浓度和降低温度可有效提高缓蚀效率。电化学测试表明,MLE 是一种具有混合型机理的缓蚀剂。将吸附等温线与电化学数据拟合,证实了 MLE 通过吸附作用在金属表面表现出耐腐蚀性,且这种吸附符合 Langmuir 等温线。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对吸附现象进行了深入研究。进一步证明了 MLE 能与钢表面相互作用生成吸附层,从而防止钢在酸性环境中腐蚀。其中,密度函数紧密结合(DFTB)计算结果还表明,MLE 主要成分中的π电子和孤对电子有利于增强缓蚀剂分子在铁表面的吸附,从而达到更有效的缓蚀效果。此外,毒性预测表明 MLE 成分几乎无毒,符合环保法规。MLE 具有优异的耐腐蚀性,在浓度为 400 mg/L 时,缓蚀效率接近 90%,同时还有助于解决农业废弃物管理难题。
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引用次数: 0
A new strategy toward synthesis of novel bifunctional N- and S-bearing sorbent for platinum(IV) removal from aqueous solutions and acidic leaching residue of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst 合成新型双功能 N 和 S 吸附剂的新策略,用于从水溶液和 Pt/Al2O3 催化剂的酸性浸出残渣中去除铂(IV)
IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01165
Mohammed F. Hamza , Eric Guibal , Yuezhou Wei , Shunyan Ning , Xiangbiao Yin , Amr Fouda , Hamada H. Amer , Saly R. El Dakkony
Strong incentive politics have been elaborated for promoting the recovery of precious metals from secondary resources. Solid leaching generates acidic effluents that can be pre-treated using precipitation steps for partial separation before applying sorption for metal recovery from mild acidic solutions. For this purpose, a new sorbent was designed carrying numerous N- and S-bearing reactive groups with good affinity for platinum (as chloroanionic species). Thiazole precursors were first reacted before being grafted (by free radical reaction) with triallyl cyanurate (to form CTTR sorbent). The material was characterized by a series of analytical tools (SEM, BET, FTIR, XPS, TGA, elemental analysis, and titration). The effect of pH combined with FTIR and XPS spectroscopy analyses allowed identifying the mechanisms involved in metal binding: electrostatic attraction of chloroplatinate anions with protonated amine groups (especially in acidic conditions), while at moderate acidic pH, metal sorption proceeds through ligand exchange and chelation onto N-based and S-based groups. Optimum sorption was found at pH close to 4 (near pHpzc value). Under selected experimental conditions, the equilibrium was reached in 25–35 min. The pseudo-first order rate equation fitted well experimental profile (though the resistance to intraparticle diffusion contributed to the kinetic control). The maximum sorption capacity at room temperature reached up to 1.58 mmol Pt g−1 (at pH 4). The sorption isotherm was successfully fitted by the Temkin equation. The sorption is spontaneous and exothermic (with reduction in maximum sorption capacity reaching up to 25 %, when temperature increases to 50 °C). Optimum platinum desorption was obtained with 0.3 M HCl solution (with solid/liquid ratio 1.67 g L−1) for complete desorption and enrichment factor close to 4.6. Complete desorption was maintained over 5 cycles, while the sorption efficiency decreased by less than 3.5 % at the fifth cycle. The sorbent showed remarkable stability for PGMs (Pd(II) in addition to Pt(IV)) against alkali-earth elements or base metals (from equimolar synthetic solutions); the selectivity is driven by the preference of the reactive groups (soft base and intermediary base) for soft PGM metals against hard and borderline metal ions; this selectivity is also affected by metal speciation (formation of chloro-anionic species). The valorization of platinum from non-compliant Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was investigated after leaching with aqua regia. Platinum was precipitated from the leachate with ammonium chloride. In a second step, aluminum was removed by precipitation at pH 5. The residual solution was then treated by adsorption on CTTR: optimum separation between Pt and Al was achieved at pH ≈ 3.
为促进从二次资源中回收贵金属,已经制定了强有力的激励政策。固体沥滤会产生酸性废水,在采用吸附法从弱酸性溶液中回收金属之前,可以通过沉淀步骤进行部分分离预处理。为此,我们设计了一种新型吸附剂,这种吸附剂含有大量对铂(作为氯阴离子物种)具有良好亲和力的 N 和 S 活性基团。首先对噻唑前体进行反应,然后(通过自由基反应)与氰尿酸三烯丙酯接枝(形成 CTTR 吸附剂)。通过一系列分析工具(SEM、BET、傅立叶变换红外光谱、XPS、TGA、元素分析和滴定)对材料进行了表征。pH 值的影响与傅立叶变换红外光谱和 XPS 光谱分析相结合,确定了金属结合的机制:氯铂酸阴离子与质子化胺基团的静电吸引(尤其是在酸性条件下),而在中等酸性 pH 值下,金属吸附是通过配体交换和螯合 N 基和 S 基进行的。在 pH 值接近 4 时(pHpzc 值附近),吸附效果最佳。在选定的实验条件下,25-35 分钟即可达到平衡。伪一阶速率方程很好地拟合了实验曲线(尽管颗粒内扩散阻力对动力学控制有影响)。室温下的最大吸附容量达到 1.58 mmol Pt g-1(pH 值为 4)。吸附等温线由 Temkin 方程成功拟合。吸附是自发的、放热的(当温度升高到 50 ℃ 时,最大吸附容量降低达 25%)。使用 0.3 M HCl 溶液(固/液比为 1.67 g L-1)时,铂的解吸效果最佳,解吸完全,富集系数接近 4.6。完全解吸可维持 5 个循环,而吸附效率在第五个循环时下降不到 3.5%。吸附剂对 PGMs(除 Pt(IV) 外,还有 Pd(II))与碱土元素或贱金属(从等摩尔合成溶液中)具有显著的稳定性;其选择性是由反应基团(软基和中间基)对软性 PGM 金属的偏好而非对硬性和边缘金属离子的偏好所驱动的;这种选择性还受到金属种类(氯阴离子物种的形成)的影响。用王水浸出后,对不符合要求的 Pt/Al2O3 催化剂中的铂的价值化进行了研究。用氯化铵从浸出液中析出铂。第二步,在 pH 值为 5 的条件下通过沉淀去除铝,然后在 CTTR 上对残留溶液进行吸附处理:铂和铝在 pH 值≈3 时达到最佳分离效果。
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引用次数: 0
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Sustainable Materials and Technologies
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