Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献_第2页

Facet engineering in Au nanoparticles buried in Cu2O nanocubes for enhanced catalytic degradation of rhodamine B and larvicidal application Cu2O纳米立方中埋埋金纳米颗粒的面形工程增强罗丹明B的催化降解和杀虫应用

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01185

J.P. Steffy , Asad Syed , Chinnaperumal Kamaraj , Selvam Naveenkumar , Ajith M. Thomas , Abdallah M. Elgorban , Islem Abid , Lija L. Raju , Ling Shing Wong , S. Sudheer Khan

Water systems around the world are significantly impacted by organic pollutants from industrial activities. In this study, we report a novel and promising approach utilizing a cost-effective and simple chemical co-precipitation method for the synthesis of Cu₂O@Au nanocubes. The characterization of these nanocubes was conducted using various advanced techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL). These analyses revealed the formation of crystalline nanocube-structured catalyst, confirming their purity, chemical state, and electronic structure. The synthesized Cu₂O@Au nanocubes, particularly with 5 % Au over Cu₂O, showed the highest catalytic efficiency in degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), achieving about 99.6 % degradation in 7 min. The deposition of Au significantly enhanced the electron mobility, thereby increasing the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst. GC/MS analysis performed to identify the intermediates formed and a possible degradation pathway of RhB was proposed. In addition, the toxicity of intermediates also evaluated by ECOSAR software. Reusability tests were conducted to assess the consistency and practical application of Cu₂O@Au-5 % nanocubes. The results indicated high stability and sustained catalytic performance over multiple cycles. Additionally, the multifunctional properties of the synthesized material were validated through larvicidal activity tests, demonstrating its potential for broader environmental applications. Overall, Cu₂O@Au-5 % presents a highly efficient and versatile catalyst for environmental remediation and other practical applications, demonstrating significant potential for large-scale use. These findings underscore the promise of Cu₂O@Au as a multifunctional catalyst, capable of delivering substantial advancements in both environmental and - human health domains.

世界各地的水系统受到工业活动产生的有机污染物的严重影响。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种新颖而有前途的方法，利用成本效益和简单的化学共沉淀法合成Cu2O@Au纳米立方体。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和光致发光（PL）等先进技术对这些纳米立方体进行了表征。这些分析揭示了晶体纳米立方结构催化剂的形成，确认了它们的纯度、化学状态和电子结构。合成的Cu2O@Au纳米立方对罗丹明B （Rhodamine B, RhB）的降解效率最高，特别是在Cu2O中添加5% Au时，在7 min内达到99.6%的降解效果。Au的沉积显著增强了电子迁移率，从而提高了催化剂的催化效率。GC/MS分析鉴定了形成的中间体，并提出了RhB可能的降解途径。此外，还通过ECOSAR软件对中间体的毒性进行了评估。通过可重用性测试来评估Cu2O@Au-5 %纳米立方体的一致性和实际应用。结果表明，该催化剂具有较高的稳定性和持续的多循环催化性能。此外，合成材料的多功能特性通过杀虫活性测试得到验证，表明其具有更广泛的环境应用潜力。总体而言，Cu2O@Au-5 %为环境修复和其他实际应用提供了一种高效和通用的催化剂，显示出大规模使用的巨大潜力。这些发现强调了Cu2O@Au作为一种多功能催化剂的前景，能够在环境和人类健康领域取得实质性进展。

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引用次数: 0

Reactive hyperbranched core-shell architecture for developing high-performance bio-based adhesive 用于开发高性能生物基粘合剂的活性超支化核壳结构

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01184

Xinyu Li , Xin Li , Xi Guo , Yanjuan Zhang , Jianzhang Li , Weisheng Sun , Yi Zhang

Soybean meal (SM) adhesives offer a promising alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives; however, their broader application is hindered by suboptimal adhesive properties and inadequate water resistance. In this study, we designed a novel reactive core-shell architecture (DAS@HBPA/EP) composed of dialdehyde starch (DAS) as the core and hyperbranched epoxy (HBPA/EP) as the shell, aimed at developing an SM adhesive with excellent water resistance, high bonding strength, and superior toughness. The reactive shell of DAS@HBPA/EP formed covalent bonds with protein molecules in SM, creating a highly interconnected structure that enhanced both the adhesive properties and water resistance of SM. Additionally, the microphase separation induced by the DAS core and the flexible hyperbranched shell provided the SM adhesive with improved toughness. As a result, plywood bonded with the SM/DAS@HBPA/EP adhesive exhibited exceptional dry shear strength (up to 2.14 MPa) and wet shear strength (1.24 MPa), representing a 589 % improvement over the pure SM adhesive. This performance is comparable to commercial melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins (E₀ grade). Furthermore, the SM/DAS@HBPA/EP adhesive showed a high residue rate (82.30 %) and low water absorption rate (0.94 %), along with a uniform and dense microstructure. This simple and cost-effective strategy presents a novel approach to advancing technological innovation in the development of multifunctional composite materials.

大豆粉（SM）粘合剂为甲醛基粘合剂提供了一种前景广阔的替代品；然而，其粘合性能不理想和防水性不足阻碍了其更广泛的应用。在本研究中，我们设计了一种新型活性核壳结构（DAS@HBPA/EP），由二甲醛淀粉（DAS）作为核，超支化环氧树脂（HBPA/EP）作为壳，旨在开发一种具有优异耐水性、高粘合强度和韧性的豆粕粘合剂。DAS@HBPA/EP 的活性外壳与 SM 中的蛋白质分子形成共价键，形成高度相互连接的结构，增强了 SM 的粘合性能和耐水性。此外，DAS 内核和柔性超支化外壳引起的微相分离还提高了 SM 粘合剂的韧性。因此，使用 SM/DAS@HBPA/EP 粘合剂粘合的胶合板具有优异的干剪切强度（高达 2.14 兆帕）和湿剪切强度（1.24 兆帕），与纯 SM 粘合剂相比提高了 589%。这一性能可与商用三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛（MUF）树脂（E0 级）媲美。此外，SM/DAS@HBPA/EP 粘合剂显示出较高的残留率（82.30%）和较低的吸水率（0.94%），以及均匀致密的微观结构。这种简单而经济有效的策略为推动多功能复合材料开发的技术创新提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Sulfide based solid electrolytes for sodium-ion battery: Synthesis, structure design, stability, and cell performance 用于钠离子电池的硫化物基固体电解质：合成、结构设计、稳定性和电池性能

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01176

Zarina Azmi , Arpan K. Goswami , Saumya R. Mohapatra

As global energy demands soar, all solid-state sodium batteries (ASSNBs) are emerging as promising alternate energy storage solution due to their competitive high energy density vis-a-vis the state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Among the essential components, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) hold a crucial position in improving the electrochemical performance and safety of all-solid-state-batteries (ASSBs). In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring sulfide-based inorganic solid state electrolytes (ISSEs) for ASSNBs due to their high room-temperature ionic conductivity. Understanding the crystal structure and stability of these electrolytes is crucial as the parameters directly influence their ionic conductivity and compatibility with other battery components. This review systematically summarizes the development of sulfide-based sodium SSEs for high-performance ASSBs. First the common synthesis techniques for fabricating sulfide based ISSEs are presented, following this the crystal structure and variation of ionic conductivity of the SSEs are explored in detail. Subsequently, their stability encompassing electrochemical, thermal, air and mechanical stability are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the overall cell performance of the SSEs is highlighted. Lastly, future perspective of the sulfide based SSEs are emphasized in detail to give readers a broad view of the same.

随着全球能源需求的急剧增长，全固态钠电池（ASSNBs）凭借其与最先进的锂离子电池（LIBs）相比具有竞争力的高能量密度，正在成为前景广阔的替代能源存储解决方案。在这些基本组件中，固态电解质（SSE）在提高全固态电池（ASSB）的电化学性能和安全性方面占据着至关重要的地位。近年来，由于硫化物具有较高的室温离子电导率，人们对硫化物基无机固态电解质（ISSE）在全固态电池中的应用越来越感兴趣。了解这些电解质的晶体结构和稳定性至关重要，因为这些参数直接影响其离子电导率以及与其他电池组件的兼容性。本综述系统地总结了用于高性能 ASSB 的硫化钠 SSE 的发展情况。首先介绍了制造硫化物基 ISSE 的常用合成技术，然后详细探讨了 SSE 的晶体结构和离子电导率变化。随后，深入讨论了它们的稳定性，包括电化学稳定性、热稳定性、空气稳定性和机械稳定性。此外，还重点介绍了 SSE 的整体电池性能。最后，详细强调了硫化物 SSE 的未来发展前景，为读者提供了一个广阔的视野。

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引用次数: 0

Next-generation counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: A comprehensive overview 染料敏化太阳能电池的新一代对电极：全面概述

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01178

Kamal Prajapat , Ujjwal Mahajan , Ashok Kumar , Mahesh Dhonde , Kirti Sahu , Shweta Vyas , Yasser M. Riyad , Zeinhom M. El-Bahy

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) offer a promising avenue for efficient solar energy conversion, owing to their affordability and ease of production. A crucial component in DSSC architecture is the counter electrode (CE), which plays a fundamental role in facilitating electron transfer and ensuring circuit continuity. This review comprehensively surveys the characteristics, techniques, and advancements in DSSC counter electrodes. Beginning with an exploration of solar energy conversion principles, we underscore the pivotal role of DSSCs in harnessing renewable energy. The significance of high-performance counter electrodes is emphasized, necessitating materials with superior catalytic activity, conductivity, and stability. We provide an in-depth analysis of various counter electrode types, encompassing carbon-based, metal-based, and emerging nanostructured materials like carbon nanotubes. Evaluation criteria include synthesis methods, electrochemical properties, and applicability to DSSCs. Additionally, we delve into diverse preparation techniques, ranging from conventional electrodeposition to advanced methods like chemical vapor deposition. Analysis of synthesis conditions sheds light on morphology and performance optimization strategies. Finally, we outline prospects and challenges in DSSC counter electrodes, highlighting research avenues such as novel material development, synthesis technique enhancement, and multifunctional integration. These insights aim to propel DSSC technology towards widespread commercialization.

染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）因其价格低廉、易于生产，为高效太阳能转换提供了一条前景广阔的途径。DSSC 结构中的一个关键部件是对电极 (CE)，它在促进电子转移和确保电路连续性方面起着根本性的作用。本综述全面介绍了 DSSC 对电极的特点、技术和进步。从探讨太阳能转换原理开始，我们强调了 DSSC 在利用可再生能源方面的关键作用。我们强调了高性能对电极的重要性，它要求材料具有卓越的催化活性、导电性和稳定性。我们深入分析了各种对电极类型，包括碳基、金属基和新兴纳米结构材料（如碳纳米管）。评估标准包括合成方法、电化学特性以及对 DSSC 的适用性。此外，我们还深入研究了从传统电沉积到化学气相沉积等先进方法的各种制备技术。对合成条件的分析揭示了形态和性能优化策略。最后，我们概述了 DSSC 对电极的前景和挑战，强调了新型材料开发、合成技术改进和多功能集成等研究途径。这些见解旨在推动 DSSC 技术走向广泛的商业化。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing robust and fire-retardant nanopaper through intrinsic crosslinking of functionalized cellulose nanofibers 通过功能化纤维素纳米纤维的内在交联技术，开发坚固耐用的阻燃纳米纸

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01179

Naji Majoudi , El-Houssaine Ablouh , Mohamed Jaouahar , Ihsane Kassem , Zouhair Hanani , Abou El Kacem Qaiss , Rachid Bouhfid , Mounir El Achaby

Functionalized cellulose nanopaper, derived from sustainable biobased materials, has shown impressive strength and lightweight properties. This study introduces a simple method to produce a flame-retardant, ductile, and robust phosphorylated cellulose nanopaper (PCNP). First, the phosphorylation and mechanical defibrillation of cellulose microfibers (CMFs) resulted in the formation of phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers (PCNFs) which were effectively dispersed in water. The fibrillation treatment facilitated the separation of PCNFs bundles into a nanonetwork of extensively disordered, elongated, and pliable nanofibers, with a width of 5.2 ± 1.3 nm. Furthermore, the physicochemical, structural, rheological and thermal properties of the produced PCNFs were investigated through various analytical techniques, including conductometric titration, FTIR, ¹³C/³¹P NMR, XPS, rheology, and TGA-MS. Second, crosslinked phosphorylated cellulose nanopaper (Cr-PCNP) was prepared using solvent casting, followed by a crosslinking reaction through a heat treatment stage. The Cr-PCNP revealed notable tensile strength (reaching up to 72.65 MPa) and Young's modulus (reaching up to 2.41 GPa), along with excellent flexibility. As revealed by the micro combustion calorimeter, the heat release rate (HRR) of Cr-PCNP significantly decreased by 61.76 %, compared to CMFs. This work shows a novel approach to developing a promising robust cellulose nanopaper for fire retardation purposes.

从可持续生物基材料中提取的功能化纤维素纳米纸具有令人印象深刻的强度和轻质特性。本研究介绍了一种生产阻燃、韧性和坚固的磷酸化纤维素纳米纸（PCNP）的简单方法。首先，对纤维素微纤维（CMF）进行磷酸化和机械去纤维化处理后，形成了磷酸化纤维素纳米纤维（PCNF），并有效地分散在水中。纤化处理促进了 PCNFs 束的分离，使其成为广泛无序、拉长和柔韧的纳米纤维网，宽度为 5.2 ± 1.3 nm。此外，还通过各种分析技术，包括电导滴定、傅立叶变换红外光谱、13C/31P NMR、XPS、流变学和 TGA-MS 等，研究了所制备 PCNFs 的物理化学、结构、流变学和热学特性。其次，利用溶剂浇注法制备了交联磷化纤维素纳米纸（Cr-PCNP），然后通过热处理阶段进行交联反应。交联磷化纤维素纳米纸具有显著的拉伸强度（高达 72.65 兆帕）和杨氏模量（高达 2.41 千兆帕），同时还具有极佳的柔韧性。微量燃烧热量计显示，与 CMFs 相比，Cr-PCNP 的热释放率 (HRR) 明显降低了 61.76%。这项工作展示了一种新方法，可用于开发一种具有良好前景的阻燃纤维素纳米纸。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing CO2 capture performance through activation of olive pomace biochar: A comparative study of physical and chemical methods 通过活化橄榄渣生物炭提高二氧化碳捕集性能：物理和化学方法的比较研究

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01177

A. Alcazar-Ruiz , S. Maisano , V. Chiodo , F. Urbani , F. Dorado , L. Sanchez-Silva

This work contributes understanding technical feasibility use of an agro-industrial waste as raw material for CO₂ capture. Physical and chemical activation treatments to enhance adsorption properties of exhausts olive pomace biochar were investigated. Innovatively, the effects of different kinds of activating agents (steam, CO₂, H₃PO₄ and KOH) on activated biocarbon's properties were deeply examined, also through an original high-pressure thermobalance, that is enabled higher initial sample weights, temperatures, and pressures compared to those employed in conventional methods.

The activation conditions significantly affect the biochar morphology and CO₂ adsorption capacity. Chemical activation, particularly with KOH, produced highly microporous structures, greatly enhancing CO₂ adsorption. Specifically, KOH activation achieved adsorption capacities of up to 3.04 mmol/g at 30 °C and 10 bar. Textural analysis showed that KOH activation primarily increased microporosity, while other methods produced both micropores and mesopores. Interestingly, acid and physical activations were less effective, as they reduced CO₂ adsorption due to changes in the internal structure. Thus, olive pomace proves to be a promising precursor for developing efficient biochar adsorbents. The use of KOH as an activating agent particularly stands out, achieving notable CO₂ adsorption capacities.

这项研究有助于了解使用农用工业废料作为二氧化碳捕集原料的技术可行性。研究了如何通过物理和化学活化处理来提高橄榄渣生物炭的吸附性能。创新性地深入研究了不同种类的活化剂（蒸汽、CO2、H3PO4 和 KOH）对活化生物炭特性的影响，同时还采用了独创的高压热平衡法，与传统方法相比，这种方法可以提高初始样品重量、温度和压力。化学活化，尤其是 KOH 活化，产生了高度微孔结构，大大提高了二氧化碳吸附能力。具体而言，在 30 °C 和 10 bar 条件下，KOH 活化产生的吸附容量高达 3.04 mmol/g。质构分析表明，KOH 活化主要增加了微孔，而其他方法则同时产生微孔和中孔。有趣的是，酸活化和物理活化的效果较差，因为它们会因内部结构的变化而减少对二氧化碳的吸附。因此，橄榄渣被证明是开发高效生物炭吸附剂的理想前体。使用 KOH 作为活化剂尤为突出，可实现显著的二氧化碳吸附能力。

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引用次数: 0

Production of NiFe alloy by combined recycling of waste nickel-metal hydride batteries and waste toner powder 通过联合回收废旧镍氢电池和废旧碳粉生产镍铁合金

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01175

Pravas Ranjan Behera , Rifat Farzana , Veena Sahajwalla

This paper elucidates a novel and sustainable way of bringing two major sub e-waste streams (waste electrodes of Ni-MH battery and waste toner powder) together to manufacture NiFe alloy. Reduction of oxides (present in the Ni-MH battery electrode) with carbon sourced from waste toner was performed at 1550 °C which observed the formation of NiFe alloy as reaction proceeded to 1 h. Percentages of waste toner in the 2 g feed material containing waste electrode mass was varied to study the metal/slag formation and separation alike. The product and slag phases were both analysed by X-ray powder diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Laser induced breakdown spectrometer to confirm the formation and metallic composition of the NiFe alloy (>75 % Ni and > 14 % Fe) and the mixture of rare earth oxides present in the slag phase. In addition to manufacturing the metallic alloy, which evinces a possibility of being used as a feedstock in industrial applications, this innovative recycling technique also brings down the burden on landfills.

本文阐明了一种将两种主要电子废物流（镍氢电池的废电极和废墨粉）结合起来制造镍铁合金的新型可持续方法。在 1550 °C的温度下，用来自废墨粉的碳还原氧化物（存在于镍氢电池电极中），观察到反应进行到 1 小时时形成的镍铁合金。通过 X 射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱和激光诱导击穿光谱仪对产品和熔渣相进行分析，以确认镍铁合金的形成和金属成分（75 % 镍和 14 % 铁）以及熔渣相中存在的稀土氧化物混合物。除了制造金属合金，这种创新的回收技术还有可能被用作工业应用的原料，同时也减轻了垃圾填埋场的负担。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable valorization of food waste into a pore-forming agent for ceramic membrane production: Experimental and DFT studies on methylene blue dye removal 将厨余垃圾可持续地转化为用于陶瓷膜生产的孔隙形成剂：去除亚甲基蓝染料的实验和 DFT 研究

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01181

Yassine Rakcho , Aicha Naboulsi , Said Mansouri , Mossaab Mouiya , Houssine Sehaqui , Abdelmjid Bouazizi , Younes Abouliatim , Abdelaziz Benhammou , Abdelkrim Abourriche , Jones Alami

The increasing generation of food waste worldwide necessitates innovative solutions to limit environmental impact and optimize resource use. This research explores the potential of using food waste as a pore-forming agent into the main material, which is red clay to produce porous ceramic membranes as a sustainable approach. This membrane was investigated to see how effective it was at eliminating methylene blue (MB), a typical organic cationic dye, from industrial wastewater. The ceramic membranes were analyzed using various techniques, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, AFM, and a universal testing machine. The morphologies of the membranes were observed using SEM and elemental mapping. The optimized membrane containing 10 wt% of FW has a surface roughness of 162.5 nm, water permeability of 160 L h⁻¹ m⁻² bar⁻¹, and could reject 79 % for MB. The membrane had a negative surface charge at the pH >5.37, while the pH of MB was 6.17, implying adsorption as the removal mechanism for the cationic dye, this has been confirmed by DFT calculations. The dye removal for 20 mg L⁻¹ feed concentration was 79 % which increased to 86.1 % at pH = 10 and decreased to 74.26 % at the pH = 2. The total fabrication cost of this membranes is approximately 52.38 USD/m², which is cheaper than the conventional membranes. The affordability of these ceramic membranes is attributed to the use of economical materials that don't need high sintering temperatures. The results of this research demonstrate that these membranes are both cost-effective and have favorable characteristics that make them suitable for water treatment purposes.

全球产生的食物垃圾越来越多，因此需要创新的解决方案来限制对环境的影响并优化资源利用。这项研究探索了利用食物垃圾作为孔隙形成剂，将其作为主要材料（即红土）来生产多孔陶瓷膜的潜力，这是一种可持续发展的方法。研究人员调查了这种膜在消除工业废水中典型的有机阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MB）方面的效果。研究人员使用 XRD、傅立叶变换红外光谱、TGA、原子力显微镜和万能试验机等多种技术对陶瓷膜进行了分析。使用扫描电镜和元素图谱观察了膜的形态。含有 10 wt% FW 的优化膜的表面粗糙度为 162.5 nm，透水性为 160 L h-1 m-2 bar-1，对甲基溴的排斥率为 79%。膜在 pH 值为 5.37 时表面带负电荷，而甲基溴的 pH 值为 6.17，这意味着阳离子染料的去除机制是吸附，这一点已被 DFT 计算所证实。20 mg L-1 进料浓度下的染料去除率为 79%，pH = 10 时上升到 86.1%，pH = 2 时下降到 74.26%。这种膜的总制造成本约为 52.38 美元/平方米，比传统膜便宜。这些陶瓷膜之所以价格低廉，是因为使用了不需要高温烧结的经济型材料。这项研究的结果表明，这些膜既具有成本效益，又具有使其适用于水处理目的的良好特性。

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引用次数: 0

Surrogate-assisted optimization under uncertainty for design for remanufacturing considering material price volatility 考虑材料价格波动的不确定性下再制造设计的代用辅助优化

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01163

Mehnuma Tabassum , Kris De Brabanter , Gül E. Kremer

Remanufacturing is a well-established end-of-life (EOL) strategy that promises significant savings in energy and carbon emissions. However, the current design practices are not remanufacturing-inclusive, i.e., the majority of products are designed for a single life cycle. As a result, potential products that can sustain multiple life cycles are deprived of additional benefits of being designed for remanufacturing, such as reduced material usage, lower cost, and improved environmental impact. Moreover, the uncertainty in design, material selection, and economics are not considered to produce remanufacturable designs. Accordingly, this research proposes a design for remanufacturing (DfRem) framework that accounts for design uncertainty and material price volatility. The framework systematically explores the design space, performs design optimization under uncertainty, followed by topology optimization to provide additional mass savings, and finally, a price volatility analysis for plausible design material choices. The candidate designs are evaluated based on their design mass, material price volatility, failure mode characteristics, carbon footprint, and embodied energy impacts. The proposed framework's utility is demonstrated via the use of an engine cylinder head case study subjected to thermo-mechanical loads along with fatigue and wear failure. Considering grey cast iron and aluminum alloy as the design material choices, it was found that the cast iron design reduced the initial design mass by 6% as opposed to a 5% decrease for aluminum. On the other hand, about 8% area of the cast iron design failed due to fatigue, compared to 3% for aluminum. We further observed that although the aluminum design provided better mechanical performance than the cast iron design, this material was more expensive and volatile in price.

再制造是一种行之有效的报废（EOL）策略，可显著节约能源和碳排放。然而，目前的设计实践并不包括再制造，也就是说，大多数产品都是为单一生命周期而设计的。因此，可以维持多个生命周期的潜在产品被剥夺了为再制造而设计的额外好处，如减少材料用量、降低成本和改善环境影响。此外，在设计、材料选择和经济性方面的不确定性，也没有考虑到可再制造设计的产生。因此，本研究提出了一个考虑设计不确定性和材料价格波动的再制造设计（DfRem）框架。该框架系统地探索设计空间，在不确定的情况下进行设计优化，然后进行拓扑优化，以节省更多的质量，最后对合理的设计材料选择进行价格波动分析。候选设计根据其设计质量、材料价格波动、失效模式特征、碳足迹和体现能源影响进行评估。通过对发动机气缸盖的热机械负载以及疲劳和磨损失效进行案例研究，证明了所提出的框架的实用性。在选择灰口铸铁和铝合金作为设计材料时，发现铸铁设计将初始设计质量减少了 6%，而铝合金则减少了 5%。另一方面，铸铁设计约有 8% 的面积因疲劳而失效，而铝合金仅为 3%。我们还注意到，虽然铝设计比铸铁设计具有更好的机械性能，但这种材料更为昂贵，而且价格不稳定。

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引用次数: 0

Development and validation of hydrophobic molded pulp nursery pots made of hemp hurd 开发和验证用大麻制成的疏水模塑纸浆育苗盆

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01180

Emma Gordy , Chieh-Yi Lin , Lloyd Nackley , Fei Long , Hong Liu , Jooyeoun Jung , Yanyun Zhao

Biodegradable nursery pots (BNPs) composed of 50 % hemp hurd and 50 % recycled cardboard fibers (w/w dry basis) were produced using a custom-built handheld molded pulp device. Milling followed by sequential peracetic acid and sodium hydroxide delignification treatment reduced lignin content of hemp hurd from 23.76 % to 2.39 %, liberating cellulose and hemicellulose fibers for enabling the formation of interfiber interactions in molded pulp formulations. Beeswax and precipitated calcium carbonate based hydrophobic coating at ∼10 μm thickness significantly enhanced hydrophobicity of the BNPs, as indicated by the surface contact and sliding angle of 116.25° and 34.82°, respectively. Anaerobic biodegradability of BNP was confirmed via carbon dioxide and methane gas accumulation measurements. Developed BNPs were successfully validated through an eleven week greenhouse planting trial. This study introduced a new biodegradable molded pulp formulation made from hemp hurd and validated its application as an alternative to single use plastic nursery pots for growing seedlings.

生物可降解育苗盆（BNPs）由 50 % 的大麻和 50 % 的回收纸板纤维（重量比干基）组成，使用定制的手持模塑纸浆装置进行生产。磨碎后依次进行过乙酸和氢氧化钠脱木素处理，将大麻秆中的木质素含量从 23.76% 降至 2.39%，释放出纤维素和半纤维素纤维，从而在模塑纸浆配方中形成纤维间相互作用。蜂蜡和沉淀碳酸钙疏水涂层的厚度在 10 μm 以下，这显著增强了 BNPs 的疏水性，表面接触角和滑动角分别为 116.25° 和 34.82°。二氧化碳和甲烷气体累积测量结果证实了 BNP 的厌氧生物降解性。通过为期 11 周的温室种植试验，成功验证了所开发的 BNP。这项研究引入了一种由大麻秆制成的新型可生物降解模塑纸浆配方，并验证了其作为一次性塑料育苗盆的替代品在育苗中的应用。

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