The main objective of this review is to unify and interpret widely scattered information of reported studies on potential, reliable and efficient analytical methodologies which can estimate Atenolol and Amiodarone separately. The information and suggested outlined below may facilitate and guide further needed studies to optimize the use of analytical techniques like High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Bioanalytical Methods, UV Spectroscopy, Stability indicating RP-HPLC methods etc. for determination of Atenolol and Amiodarone in formulation. From the reviewed literature it is obvious that HPLC is a commonly available method of testing in pharmaceutical laboratory so this method should be of choice for complete determination of Atenolol and Amiodarone. Selection of analytical methods is determined by several factors such as speed, convenience, specificity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, availability of instruments, technical expertise and the number of samples to be analyzed.
{"title":"An Overview on Various Analytical Methods for Estimation of Atenolol and Amiodarone from its Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms","authors":"Sadaf Arshad Rangrez, V. Gaware","doi":"10.51268/SRP.2021.6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51268/SRP.2021.6.11","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this review is to unify and interpret widely scattered information of reported studies on potential, reliable and efficient analytical methodologies which can estimate Atenolol and Amiodarone separately. The information and suggested outlined below may facilitate and guide further needed studies to optimize the use of analytical techniques like High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Bioanalytical Methods, UV Spectroscopy, Stability indicating RP-HPLC methods etc. for determination of Atenolol and Amiodarone in formulation. From the reviewed literature it is obvious that HPLC is a commonly available method of testing in pharmaceutical laboratory so this method should be of choice for complete determination of Atenolol and Amiodarone. Selection of analytical methods is determined by several factors such as speed, convenience, specificity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, availability of instruments, technical expertise and the number of samples to be analyzed.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was conducted on inseptisol soils, especially for plantations, with the aim of not only restoring the health and fertility of the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as seeing the pattern of EC distribution at each depth from the center of the biohole based on the time of observation. Through controlled microbial activity, its spread through two types of biohole, namely horizontal and vertical biohole. This research observes in real time through soil parameter sensors connected to the micro controller to changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, conductivity electrolyte level and porosity level through soil infiltration rate. Through simulations with 2 types of biohole, it can be seen the increase in EC in each depth to the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone to support the schedule and distribution patterns of planting both during vegetative growth and generative growth periods. So that we will know the proper biohole distance and spacing in order to be able to provide vegetative and generative mass nutrition based on nutrient values monitored through sensors that change the analogue parameters in the micro possessor into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. Inseptisol soils fertility simulation based on the number of microbial populations=108/cfu with variable 1: The effective depth for providing root nutrition to a depth of 30 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/ EC 1000 uS/cm to 1900 uS/cm is reached on the 10 to 60th day. Variable 2: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 24 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 2350 uS/cm achieved on the 10th to 60th day.
{"title":"Biohole Effectiveness Analysis through the Distribution Patternof Microbes at Each Depth in Real Time on Inseptisol SoilWith Digital Biosoildam Technology","authors":"Nugroho Widiasmadi","doi":"10.51268/SRP.2021.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51268/SRP.2021.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted on inseptisol soils, especially for plantations, with the aim of not only restoring the health and fertility of the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as seeing the pattern of EC distribution at each depth from the center of the biohole based on the time of observation. Through controlled microbial activity, its spread through two types of biohole, namely horizontal and vertical biohole. This research observes in real time through soil parameter sensors connected to the micro controller to changes in soil acidity, infiltration rate, conductivity electrolyte level and porosity level through soil infiltration rate. Through simulations with 2 types of biohole, it can be seen the increase in EC in each depth to the time of observation in real time. From the observations of graphs and EC standards, it can be seen that the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the root growth zone to support the schedule and distribution patterns of planting both during vegetative growth and generative growth periods. So that we will know the proper biohole distance and spacing in order to be able to provide vegetative and generative mass nutrition based on nutrient values monitored through sensors that change the analogue parameters in the micro possessor into digital information transmitted by Wi-Fi in real time. Inseptisol soils fertility simulation based on the number of microbial populations=108/cfu with variable 1: The effective depth for providing root nutrition to a depth of 30 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/ EC 1000 uS/cm to 1900 uS/cm is reached on the 10 to 60th day. Variable 2: The effective depth for providing root nutrition is up to a depth of 24 cm with a soil fertility value or Electrolyte Conductivity/EC 1000 uS/cm to 2350 uS/cm achieved on the 10th to 60th day.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76812382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwa H. Ageiz, Sabah M. Ebrahem, Hanaa M Abo-shereda
Meaningful recognition from nurse managers is considered a powerful tool for improving staff nurses psychological capital to deal effectively with stressful challenges they are exposed to during the COVID-19 pandemic through raising their sense of coherence (SOC) and improving their self-efficacy. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of nurse managers meaningful recognition program on staff nurses sense of coherence and self-efficacy. Design: A quasi-experimental, one-group (pretest-posttest) research design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at Shebin El Kom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Sample: A purposive sample of 35 nurse managers and 50 staff nurses. Data collection tools: Three tools were used; Recognition Behavior Questionnaire, General Self-efficacy Likert Scale, and Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), in addition to demographic characteristics. Results: There was a highly statistically significant improvement of the total recognition behavior of nurse managers and its subscales as reported by staff nurses after implementation of the program and on follow up than before (P
护士管理者的有意义认可被认为是提高护士心理资本的有力工具，可以通过提高护士的凝聚力(SOC)和自我效能感，有效应对COVID-19大流行期间面临的压力挑战。目的:本研究旨在评估护士长意义认同计划对护士长连贯感和自我效能感的影响。设计:采用准实验、单组(前测后测)研究设计。环境:本研究在埃及Menoufia省Shebin El Kom教学医院进行。样本:35名护士管理人员和50名普通护士的目的样本。数据收集工具:使用三种工具;认知行为问卷、一般自我效能李克特量表和连贯性感量表(SOC)，以及人口统计学特征。结果:项目实施后及随访时，护士管理人员的总体认知行为及其子量表较实施前有显著改善(P
{"title":"Nurse manager’s meaningful recognition program: Its relation to staff nurses’ sense of coherence and self-efficacy during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Marwa H. Ageiz, Sabah M. Ebrahem, Hanaa M Abo-shereda","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.2.72","url":null,"abstract":"Meaningful recognition from nurse managers is considered a powerful tool for improving staff nurses psychological capital to deal effectively with stressful challenges they are exposed to during the COVID-19 pandemic through raising their sense of coherence (SOC) and improving their self-efficacy. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of nurse managers meaningful recognition program on staff nurses sense of coherence and self-efficacy. Design: A quasi-experimental, one-group (pretest-posttest) research design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at Shebin El Kom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Sample: A purposive sample of 35 nurse managers and 50 staff nurses. Data collection tools: Three tools were used; Recognition Behavior Questionnaire, General Self-efficacy Likert Scale, and Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), in addition to demographic characteristics. Results: There was a highly statistically significant improvement of the total recognition behavior of nurse managers and its subscales as reported by staff nurses after implementation of the program and on follow up than before (P","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77088827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The menstrual cycle is a critical rhythm of life regulated by interactive levels of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormones, and follicular stimulation, during this cycle several metabolic parameters fluctuate in conjunction with sex hormones, therefore, this work was performed to investigate whether the menstrual cycle in healthy women affects the liver and kidney function. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Faculty of Education for girls during the period October 2018January 2019. It involved the participation of thirty healthy women with age between 18 and 26 years. All participants were non-smokers with no use of contraceptives or hormones. In addition, they confidently mentioned that they had had regular menstrual cycles (between 24 and 32 days). Results: Our findings showed that the liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) levels were higher in the luteal phase than their levels in the follicular phase (P≤ 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the level of blood urea and serum creatinine between the two phases. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the measurement of liver function test can be affected by the phases of menstrual cycle. It is important to take that into consideration when assessing the liver enzymes. It may also be of interest the potential beneficial effect endogenic E2 on liver enzymes.
{"title":"Effects of Menstrual Different Phases on Liver-Kidney Functions in Healthy Women","authors":"S. Jawad","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The menstrual cycle is a critical rhythm of life regulated by interactive levels of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormones, and follicular stimulation, during this cycle several metabolic parameters fluctuate in conjunction with sex hormones, therefore, this work was performed to investigate whether the menstrual cycle in healthy women affects the liver and kidney function. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Faculty of Education for girls during the period October 2018January 2019. It involved the participation of thirty healthy women with age between 18 and 26 years. All participants were non-smokers with no use of contraceptives or hormones. In addition, they confidently mentioned that they had had regular menstrual cycles (between 24 and 32 days). Results: Our findings showed that the liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) levels were higher in the luteal phase than their levels in the follicular phase (P≤ 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the level of blood urea and serum creatinine between the two phases. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the measurement of liver function test can be affected by the phases of menstrual cycle. It is important to take that into consideration when assessing the liver enzymes. It may also be of interest the potential beneficial effect endogenic E2 on liver enzymes.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77233740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huma Khalid, Syed Usman Ummer, Mahnoor Shoukat Salim
Aim: Rectal discharge is upsetting and requires extra screening. This was demonstrated largely through interaction with newborn children. However, dietary antigens are a problem for young intestinal mucosa, as well as for microbial introniologists. Though managed in the intestines, these antigens will soon transform into irritated story buildings of the gastric gut. The aim of this study was to review the clinical path of rectal drains temporarily and determine the effect of receptive milk and atypical bowel microbiota on the condition of the animal. Methods: This survey consisted of 40 back-to-back children with rectal oozing (average age: 2.8 months) visible for two years in the Services Hospital Lahore. Most (68 percent) newborns were fully breastfed. Our current research was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore from October 2019 to September 2020. Newborn infants were reported randomly on the web for a piece of cow’s milk (n 19) or for several months to maintain their former feeding habits (n 22). Discoveries were examined in the fields of colonoscopy, bacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization of certain intestinal genetics, fecal enterovirus explicit identification, rotaviruses and adenovirus, infection fecal electric microscopy and electron mucous membrane microscopy. The magnitude of a topical inflammation was measured on each visit by the SCORAD technique, given that there was a subject skin inflammation. Result: 32 (80%) newborns were seen grisly stools during growth both inside and outside (mean [range]: 2.1 per day). The rectal filtration total number of days was 7. Gray stools typically appeared unpredictably and hence 26 (territory: 1-87) days were interim to rectal drainage after assertion. 39 percent of babies were tested for atopic skin inflammation during initiation or development. There were no precedents for expanded explicit IgE fixations or a positive skin prick test. In confirmation and during growth the development of the newborn children was typical. What's more, pathos ulceration is discovered usually by Colonoscopy. Colonoscopy Discussion: In under a number of patients, the mucosa seemed typical. There have been no anorectal weeping or colonic polyps. Light microscopy showed that the overall configuration of the mucosa has been well preserved. The most popular differences were intensive deteriorating or post-inflammatory symptoms and central infiltration of lamina propriety eosinophils. The period of the rectal mortality did not affect the cow's milk-disposal diet. Conclusion: Rectal infiltration is often a generous and self-restricting issue in newborn infants. Bleeding stools persisted during the accompanying months sporadically for several days. Most babies were just breastfed, as in a previous study. The explanation for the disorder is unknown in most patients.
{"title":"Assess the Impact and Duration of Rectal Bleeding Diet and of Milk Elimination in Infants? Food Diet in Punjab Pakistan","authors":"Huma Khalid, Syed Usman Ummer, Mahnoor Shoukat Salim","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.4.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.4.31","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Rectal discharge is upsetting and requires extra screening. This was demonstrated largely through interaction with newborn children. However, dietary antigens are a problem for young intestinal mucosa, as well as for microbial introniologists. Though managed in the intestines, these antigens will soon transform into irritated story buildings of the gastric gut. The aim of this study was to review the clinical path of rectal drains temporarily and determine the effect of receptive milk and atypical bowel microbiota on the condition of the animal. Methods: This survey consisted of 40 back-to-back children with rectal oozing (average age: 2.8 months) visible for two years in the Services Hospital Lahore. Most (68 percent) newborns were fully breastfed. Our current research was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore from October 2019 to September 2020. Newborn infants were reported randomly on the web for a piece of cow’s milk (n 19) or for several months to maintain their former feeding habits (n 22). Discoveries were examined in the fields of colonoscopy, bacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization of certain intestinal genetics, fecal enterovirus explicit identification, rotaviruses and adenovirus, infection fecal electric microscopy and electron mucous membrane microscopy. The magnitude of a topical inflammation was measured on each visit by the SCORAD technique, given that there was a subject skin inflammation. Result: 32 (80%) newborns were seen grisly stools during growth both inside and outside (mean [range]: 2.1 per day). The rectal filtration total number of days was 7. Gray stools typically appeared unpredictably and hence 26 (territory: 1-87) days were interim to rectal drainage after assertion. 39 percent of babies were tested for atopic skin inflammation during initiation or development. There were no precedents for expanded explicit IgE fixations or a positive skin prick test. In confirmation and during growth the development of the newborn children was typical. What's more, pathos ulceration is discovered usually by Colonoscopy. Colonoscopy Discussion: In under a number of patients, the mucosa seemed typical. There have been no anorectal weeping or colonic polyps. Light microscopy showed that the overall configuration of the mucosa has been well preserved. The most popular differences were intensive deteriorating or post-inflammatory symptoms and central infiltration of lamina propriety eosinophils. The period of the rectal mortality did not affect the cow's milk-disposal diet. Conclusion: Rectal infiltration is often a generous and self-restricting issue in newborn infants. Bleeding stools persisted during the accompanying months sporadically for several days. Most babies were just breastfed, as in a previous study. The explanation for the disorder is unknown in most patients.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80855791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of present study was designed to estimate level of plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 in liver cirrhotic patients, and its correlation with some biomarkers includes ( Liver enzymes: ALT,AST and Bilirubin ,Total protein, albumin. Methods: The current study include 30 Iraqi liver cirrhotic patients with age range 25-65 years and 30 healthy control subjects with age range 25-60 years. Results: The present study had been shown a high significant differences in liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP when compare with control p≤ 0.01, 0.05 and 0.01 respectively. The difference in the mean serum level of albumin and total bilirubin were also observed to be highly significant in the liver cirrhosis patients p ≤ 0.01. Concerning mean serum level of PAI-1 in the liver cirrhosis patients a significant deference was found when compared to control with p≤0.05. Also there were a non-significant correlation between age and studied parameters Conclusions: The results of the present study showed a significant increase in serum levels of PAI-1 ALT,AST,ALP,T Bilirubin ,and Albumin while a non-significant differences in these parameters was shown in relation to age and gender.
{"title":"Estimation Of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor -1 And Some Biochemical Markers In A Sample Of Iraqi Patients With Liver Cirrhosis","authors":"W. Kareem, B. Abdullah, H. Waheed","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of present study was designed to estimate level of plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 in liver cirrhotic patients, and its correlation with some biomarkers includes ( Liver enzymes: ALT,AST and Bilirubin ,Total protein, albumin. Methods: The current study include 30 Iraqi liver cirrhotic patients with age range 25-65 years and 30 healthy control subjects with age range 25-60 years. Results: The present study had been shown a high significant differences in liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP when compare with control p≤ 0.01, 0.05 and 0.01 respectively. The difference in the mean serum level of albumin and total bilirubin were also observed to be highly significant in the liver cirrhosis patients p ≤ 0.01. Concerning mean serum level of PAI-1 in the liver cirrhosis patients a significant deference was found when compared to control with p≤0.05. Also there were a non-significant correlation between age and studied parameters Conclusions: The results of the present study showed a significant increase in serum levels of PAI-1 ALT,AST,ALP,T Bilirubin ,and Albumin while a non-significant differences in these parameters was shown in relation to age and gender.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81135386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical samples which included wounds, burns, ear infections, urinary tract infections (UTI), and skin from 300 patient from a different hospital in Thi-Qar province, and 100 skin and stool samples from (healthy people) as control, for investigating the presence of pseudomonas spp. Where carried out through October 2019 till January 2020. The samples were identified based on the morphological , microscopical characteristics of the colonies and biochemical tests, then confirmed by API-20 NE, VITEK2- compact system and the molecular detection based on the 16SrRNA gene, final diagnosis showed that 60 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 30(50%) of burns, 5(8.3) isolates of wounds, 7(11.6) isolates of ear infection, 4(6.6) isolates (sputum),4(6.6)isolates of urinarytract infection, and (8 (13.3),2(3.3)) isolates stool samples and skin swabs respectively, as control samples). All isolates were tested for susceptibility test toward 13 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method, the results showed a high resistance among isolates against Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Amikacine. moderate resistance against Cefepime, Ceftazidime, and Imipenem. And low resistance towards Meropenem, and Ciprofloxacin. The results of antibiotic-resistance genes was diagnostic by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify based on specific sequences for (MBLs genes)bla VIM ,bla IMP, and bla NDM genes, showed that 26 (43.3%) of isolates have bla VIM gene, 16 (26.6%) of isolates have bla IMP gene, and 11 (18.3%)of isolates have bla NDM gene. while the results of (AME-genes) indicated that 30 (50%) of isolate have aac (6)-I gene and 8(13.3%) of isolate have aph (3)-VI gene. A comparison is made between the presence of genes on the plasmid or the chromosome,the results was increased the antibiotic- resistance genes on the plasmid. DNA partial sequencing was done for four isolates revealed some variants in different samples while some isolates showed 100% similarity with the referencing genome.
{"title":"Molecular search of some antibiotic-borne genes of the clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid","authors":"Raheem Hashim Abdallah, Sanaa Ghali Gabur","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical samples which included wounds, burns, ear infections, urinary tract infections (UTI), and skin from 300 patient from a different hospital in Thi-Qar province, and 100 skin and stool samples from (healthy people) as control, for investigating the presence of pseudomonas spp. Where carried out through October 2019 till January 2020. The samples were identified based on the morphological , microscopical characteristics of the colonies and biochemical tests, then confirmed by API-20 NE, VITEK2- compact system and the molecular detection based on the 16SrRNA gene, final diagnosis showed that 60 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 30(50%) of burns, 5(8.3) isolates of wounds, 7(11.6) isolates of ear infection, 4(6.6) isolates (sputum),4(6.6)isolates of urinarytract infection, and (8 (13.3),2(3.3)) isolates stool samples and skin swabs respectively, as control samples). All isolates were tested for susceptibility test toward 13 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method, the results showed a high resistance among isolates against Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Amikacine. moderate resistance against Cefepime, Ceftazidime, and Imipenem. And low resistance towards Meropenem, and Ciprofloxacin. The results of antibiotic-resistance genes was diagnostic by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify based on specific sequences for (MBLs genes)bla VIM ,bla IMP, and bla NDM genes, showed that 26 (43.3%) of isolates have bla VIM gene, 16 (26.6%) of isolates have bla IMP gene, and 11 (18.3%)of isolates have bla NDM gene. while the results of (AME-genes) indicated that 30 (50%) of isolate have aac (6)-I gene and 8(13.3%) of isolate have aph (3)-VI gene. A comparison is made between the presence of genes on the plasmid or the chromosome,the results was increased the antibiotic- resistance genes on the plasmid. DNA partial sequencing was done for four isolates revealed some variants in different samples while some isolates showed 100% similarity with the referencing genome.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73613621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the implementation of the "Presumption of Innocence" as protection of suspects or defendants’ rights in preventing miscarriage of justice in the Indonesian criminal justice system. The result of the discussion in this article shows that the Indonesian criminal justice system has assured the regulation on the concept of guaranteeing and regulating the presumption of innocence. However, the application of this right has not reached the expectation, as various cases have been continually occurred in Indonesia, such as Asrori murder cases in Jombang, the Sengkon and Karta case, the unsolved Marsinah case in Sidoarjo, the case of the journalist Udin, the torture case of Tje Tje Tadjudin and many more happened due to the major factor of positivism views that have neglected the values of justice, abuse of power by law enforcement officials and the practice of judicial mafia in Indonesia. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP. 2021; 12(3): 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Web Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=51610 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP. 2021; 12(3): 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP. (2021), [cited March 30, 2021]; 12(3): 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Harvard Style Ratna Nurhayati (2021) The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP, 12 (3), 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Turabian Style Ratna Nurhayati. 2021. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (3), 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Chicago Style Ratna Nurhayati. "The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12 (20
{"title":"The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System","authors":"Ratna Nurhayati","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the implementation of the \"Presumption of Innocence\" as protection of suspects or defendants’ rights in preventing miscarriage of justice in the Indonesian criminal justice system. The result of the discussion in this article shows that the Indonesian criminal justice system has assured the regulation on the concept of guaranteeing and regulating the presumption of innocence. However, the application of this right has not reached the expectation, as various cases have been continually occurred in Indonesia, such as Asrori murder cases in Jombang, the Sengkon and Karta case, the unsolved Marsinah case in Sidoarjo, the case of the journalist Udin, the torture case of Tje Tje Tadjudin and many more happened due to the major factor of positivism views that have neglected the values of justice, abuse of power by law enforcement officials and the practice of judicial mafia in Indonesia. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP. 2021; 12(3): 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Web Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=51610 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP. 2021; 12(3): 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Ratna Nurhayati. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP. (2021), [cited March 30, 2021]; 12(3): 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Harvard Style Ratna Nurhayati (2021) The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. SRP, 12 (3), 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Turabian Style Ratna Nurhayati. 2021. The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (3), 126-129. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.3.22 Chicago Style Ratna Nurhayati. \"The Application Of Presumption Of Innocence As The Protection Of Human Rights Of Suspect Or Defendant In Preventing Miscarriage Of Justice In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System.\" Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12 (20","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82982868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through the above topic and studies, it appears that there is a novel approach to using business process models to represent the human digestive system. The proposed approach adopted, expanding the role activity diagram notation (RAD) to bridge the gap between business process models and human digestive systems, we show how to analyze, the human digestive system can be applied and evaluated on the process model, developed using the role activity diagram to activate the required quality, more clearly in the model . This gives a useful extension of modeling methods similar to RAD, in addition to providing a basis for improving the business of various commercial enterprises, according to RAD, it is clear that any business is not far from any biological system, as the first step in the project act is approval of the project, a library for example And the same is true for the digestive system and the related things between this and the progressive system and work have evolved within the commercial enterprises (Role-Activity Diagram (RAD), The objectives required in the research have been verified as to know the similarities between commercial and vital organs, and the possibility of representing A complete vital member by RAD, and easy understanding of the mechanism necessary for business for businessmen, and the digestive system has been more accurately identified, its mechanism of action, its apparatus and its usefulness, and this is what is required to be proven in the events of this study.
{"title":"Represent Human Digestive System By Using RAD Business Process Models","authors":"Maram Y. Al-Safarini","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Through the above topic and studies, it appears that there is a novel approach to using business process models to represent the human digestive system. The proposed approach adopted, expanding the role activity diagram notation (RAD) to bridge the gap between business process models and human digestive systems, we show how to analyze, the human digestive system can be applied and evaluated on the process model, developed using the role activity diagram to activate the required quality, more clearly in the model . This gives a useful extension of modeling methods similar to RAD, in addition to providing a basis for improving the business of various commercial enterprises, according to RAD, it is clear that any business is not far from any biological system, as the first step in the project act is approval of the project, a library for example And the same is true for the digestive system and the related things between this and the progressive system and work have evolved within the commercial enterprises (Role-Activity Diagram (RAD), The objectives required in the research have been verified as to know the similarities between commercial and vital organs, and the possibility of representing A complete vital member by RAD, and easy understanding of the mechanism necessary for business for businessmen, and the digestive system has been more accurately identified, its mechanism of action, its apparatus and its usefulness, and this is what is required to be proven in the events of this study.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84039401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The health protocol in the PSBB policy has become less effective in preventing the spread of the COVID 19 virus because human transactions and activities (as a medium for the spread of the COVID 19 virus) in public spaces still occur, with various spreads through various transmissions, either by direct contact, droplet or airborne. The 3 M health protocol (Wearing a mask, maintaining distance and washing hands), cannot guarantee that the health protocol can run within 24 hours perfectly, as a result the spread of the COVID virus is getting more massive, both in offices, schools / pesantren, markets / spending centers even within the family environment there are clusters of the spread of the COVID virus. This can be seen from the large number of mass gatherings that have occurred, both religious activities, election processes etc, even according to the COVID 19 task force Doni Monardo explained that from March to December 2020 tens of thousands who came from various countries to Indonesia, 2,800 confirmed positive people for COVID 19. The correct handling of COVID 19 should be the Karangtina area (Lockdown) as mandated by Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, because there is no social interaction or community activity in public spaces, and the government guarantees the basic needs of the community for free, but why does the government not adopt a regional quarantine policy.
{"title":"The indonesian government strategy of herd immunity in handling of pandemic COVID 19","authors":"Andi Azikin, Baharuddin Thahir, Andi Masrich, S. Zulaika, Jatnika Dwi Asri, Anya Risnawati Soerya Putri, Etin Indrayani, Y. Cahyono, Djuhrijjani, Fitriani, Intan Rachmina Koho, Asri Setiani","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.1.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.1.92","url":null,"abstract":"The health protocol in the PSBB policy has become less effective in preventing the spread of the COVID 19 virus because human transactions and activities (as a medium for the spread of the COVID 19 virus) in public spaces still occur, with various spreads through various transmissions, either by direct contact, droplet or airborne. The 3 M health protocol (Wearing a mask, maintaining distance and washing hands), cannot guarantee that the health protocol can run within 24 hours perfectly, as a result the spread of the COVID virus is getting more massive, both in offices, schools / pesantren, markets / spending centers even within the family environment there are clusters of the spread of the COVID virus. This can be seen from the large number of mass gatherings that have occurred, both religious activities, election processes etc, even according to the COVID 19 task force Doni Monardo explained that from March to December 2020 tens of thousands who came from various countries to Indonesia, 2,800 confirmed positive people for COVID 19. The correct handling of COVID 19 should be the Karangtina area (Lockdown) as mandated by Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, because there is no social interaction or community activity in public spaces, and the government guarantees the basic needs of the community for free, but why does the government not adopt a regional quarantine policy.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78465910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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