Background: No other similar study was done on the role of vitamin A in the treatment of COVID-19. Objective: To find the effect of vitamin A on patients with COVID-19 and its protective effect on contacts. Patient and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on two groups. The first group of 100 diagnosed mild to moderate patients with COVID-19, 50 patients received two doses of vitamin A (200,000 I.U.) for two days, another 50 patients received a placebo. Data about clinical features, SPO2, and the mean duration of symptoms collected after 24 and 48 hours from the administration, in addition to the number of patients who deteriorate their SPO2. A second group was contacted to patients diagnosed with COVID-19, part of them received two doses (200,000 I.U.) of vitamin A and others received a placebo. The comparison was between the percentage of getting the infection and the duration of symptoms among those who got the infection. Results: A significant improvement in symptoms, shorter duration of illness, with a lower number of patients who deteriorate their SPO2 among patients given vitamin A compared to control. A lower incidence of infection among contacts who received vitamin A in comparison to contacts received placebo with shorter duration of symptoms among those who got the infection. Conclusions; A great benefit of the use of vitamin A in patients with COVID-19 and to contacts. Adding vitamin, A to the protocol management of COVID-19 is recommended.
{"title":"THERAPEUTIC EFFECT of VITAMIN A on COVID-19 PATIENTS and ITS PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT on CONTACTS","authors":"Mahmood M. Al-Sumiadai, Hazim Ghazzay, R. Al-Ani","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: No other similar study was done on the role of vitamin A in the treatment of COVID-19. Objective: To find the effect of vitamin A on patients with COVID-19 and its protective effect on contacts. Patient and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on two groups. The first group of 100 diagnosed mild to moderate patients with COVID-19, 50 patients received two doses of vitamin A (200,000 I.U.) for two days, another 50 patients received a placebo. Data about clinical features, SPO2, and the mean duration of symptoms collected after 24 and 48 hours from the administration, in addition to the number of patients who deteriorate their SPO2. A second group was contacted to patients diagnosed with COVID-19, part of them received two doses (200,000 I.U.) of vitamin A and others received a placebo. The comparison was between the percentage of getting the infection and the duration of symptoms among those who got the infection. Results: A significant improvement in symptoms, shorter duration of illness, with a lower number of patients who deteriorate their SPO2 among patients given vitamin A compared to control. A lower incidence of infection among contacts who received vitamin A in comparison to contacts received placebo with shorter duration of symptoms among those who got the infection. Conclusions; A great benefit of the use of vitamin A in patients with COVID-19 and to contacts. Adding vitamin, A to the protocol management of COVID-19 is recommended.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91136851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Sheeba, Anideepa Mitra, Saurav Chaudhuri, S. Sarkar
MRI is the imaging technique most often used to detect brain tumor. A brain tumor is a knot, or mass, of abnormal cells in parts of the brain. Brain tumors can be either malignant or benign and can be located in the tissues of the brain. In this research study, a computerized approach has been presented where MRI gray- scale images were assimilated for the detection of brain tumor. This study suggested a computerized approach that involves improvement at the elementary stage to reduce the gray-scale color variations. Filter operation was used to eliminate undesired noises as much as feasible to accommodate better segmentation. As this study test grayscale images therefore; threshold-based OTSU segmentation was used instead of color segmentation. Finally, specialists in the field of pathology provided feature intelligence that was used to recognize the zone of interests for brain tumor. This study pertained a novel architecture, named Xception, which permitted both elevated presentation, diminished expanse and estimated charge of deep neural networks employing depth wise separable convolution to establish high performance computer aided diagnosis system for brain tumor detection from MRI. Preparatory appraisal for the Xception model employing transfer learning exhibited exceptional performance with immense efficiency and prediction probability. Fascinatingly, prediction probabilities were distinct when various layers were reviewed.
{"title":"Detection of Exact Location of Brain Tumor from MRI Data Using Big Data Analytics","authors":"L. Sheeba, Anideepa Mitra, Saurav Chaudhuri, S. Sarkar","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.4.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.4.48","url":null,"abstract":"MRI is the imaging technique most often used to detect brain tumor. A brain tumor is a knot, or mass, of abnormal cells in parts of the brain. Brain tumors can be either malignant or benign and can be located in the tissues of the brain. In this research study, a computerized approach has been presented where MRI gray- scale images were assimilated for the detection of brain tumor. This study suggested a computerized approach that involves improvement at the elementary stage to reduce the gray-scale color variations. Filter operation was used to eliminate undesired noises as much as feasible to accommodate better segmentation. As this study test grayscale images therefore; threshold-based OTSU segmentation was used instead of color segmentation. Finally, specialists in the field of pathology provided feature intelligence that was used to recognize the zone of interests for brain tumor. This study pertained a novel architecture, named Xception, which permitted both elevated presentation, diminished expanse and estimated charge of deep neural networks employing depth wise separable convolution to establish high performance computer aided diagnosis system for brain tumor detection from MRI. Preparatory appraisal for the Xception model employing transfer learning exhibited exceptional performance with immense efficiency and prediction probability. Fascinatingly, prediction probabilities were distinct when various layers were reviewed.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78117571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Majority of the women do not give exclusive breast feed to their children and waste colostrum. The objective of this study was to assess practices of exclusive breast feeding among mothers less than 5 year children attending a tertiary care hospital outpatient. There is a decline in proper breast feeding practices in Pakistan Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out on 258 mothers, who presented to Gynaecological and Obstetrical OPD or ward and had at least one child between the age of 1 to 5. Questions regarding their demographic profile and breast feeding practices were asked. Results: Among them 110/250 (44%) practiced exclusive breast feeding and the rest either used formula milk or cow’s milk along with breast milk. Only 41/250 (16%) women had given colostrum to their children, 153/250 (61%) had given Ghurti (a traditional pre-lacteal feed, mainly honey). Women who were uniparous, housewives, lived in joint families, belonged to middle class families and had vaginal mode of delivery had better breast feeding practices than others. When grading and categorization of breast feeding practices were done 41/250 (18.5%) had excellent practice, 69/250 (31%) had good and 111/250 (50%) had poor practice.221/250 (88.4%) women had breast fed their children and 29/250 (11.6%) had not. Conclusion: The study emphasizes that there is a need to improve exclusive breast feeding and colostrum giving practices.
{"title":"High Class and Special Thorax Nourishing Carry Out Between Mothers: A Clinic Centred Research and Evaluation","authors":"Samar Nawaz, Sharjeel Ahmed, Rafia Liaquat","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Majority of the women do not give exclusive breast feed to their children and waste colostrum. The objective of this study was to assess practices of exclusive breast feeding among mothers less than 5 year children attending a tertiary care hospital outpatient. There is a decline in proper breast feeding practices in Pakistan Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out on 258 mothers, who presented to Gynaecological and Obstetrical OPD or ward and had at least one child between the age of 1 to 5. Questions regarding their demographic profile and breast feeding practices were asked. Results: Among them 110/250 (44%) practiced exclusive breast feeding and the rest either used formula milk or cow’s milk along with breast milk. Only 41/250 (16%) women had given colostrum to their children, 153/250 (61%) had given Ghurti (a traditional pre-lacteal feed, mainly honey). Women who were uniparous, housewives, lived in joint families, belonged to middle class families and had vaginal mode of delivery had better breast feeding practices than others. When grading and categorization of breast feeding practices were done 41/250 (18.5%) had excellent practice, 69/250 (31%) had good and 111/250 (50%) had poor practice.221/250 (88.4%) women had breast fed their children and 29/250 (11.6%) had not. Conclusion: The study emphasizes that there is a need to improve exclusive breast feeding and colostrum giving practices.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80350367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The underlying aim of this study is to systematic discuss the effectiveness of Chinese and Persian herbal medicine through the analysis of the existing and available studies on the usage of such herbs, plant extracts and herbal formulations that are descended from these two traditional medicinal roots. Using the technique of a systematic literature review, the researcher extracted 64 articles, only 8 of which were reviews and all others were original clinical researches, from medical databases including Pub Med, NIH and other clinical and scientific reports. After putting effort in conducting a screening in accordance to the exclusion criteria, the researcher included 64 articles, all of which were from 2010 and onwards to conduct this analysis. The study can be concluded as suggesting that the herbal medicine is quite effective in helping to treat, prevent and cure viral infections and widespread viral diseases. However, there is need of much more research in this area and the future researchers need to make investigations into the area of combined impacts of herbal and traditional medicine.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine and persian medicine against viral infections: A systematic review","authors":"M. Walsh","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The underlying aim of this study is to systematic discuss the effectiveness of Chinese and Persian herbal medicine through the analysis of the existing and available studies on the usage of such herbs, plant extracts and herbal formulations that are descended from these two traditional medicinal roots. Using the technique of a systematic literature review, the researcher extracted 64 articles, only 8 of which were reviews and all others were original clinical researches, from medical databases including Pub Med, NIH and other clinical and scientific reports. After putting effort in conducting a screening in accordance to the exclusion criteria, the researcher included 64 articles, all of which were from 2010 and onwards to conduct this analysis. The study can be concluded as suggesting that the herbal medicine is quite effective in helping to treat, prevent and cure viral infections and widespread viral diseases. However, there is need of much more research in this area and the future researchers need to make investigations into the area of combined impacts of herbal and traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75921018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transdermal patch refers to the medical adhesive area which is kept on a human skin for the transition of a particular drug dosage across human skin to bloodstream. The essence of this activity is to prop up healing to the injured section on the body. The patch allows a controlled release of medication in the bloodstream, both via the porous polymeric membrane film covering the drug reservoir and via body temperature dissolving bony stratum of the medicine rooted in the adhesive or the paste. The film can be either in in form of a solid polymeric material or a residual film. The former form allows a sustained release while the other exhibits a rapid absorption is the leverage which the Transdermal medication technique has over other routes of therapeutic delivery like topical, oral, intramuscular, intravenous and others. Transdermal drug transmission enables steady flow of the drug in question into the body of the patient to make room for a sturdy profile of the blood level. This normally results into a reduced general side effect which means an improved effectiveness over diverse forms of dosages. The major aim of the Transdermal delivery technique is transition of medication into a universal circulation via the outer layer of the body at a programmed rate with negligible intra-patient as well as inter-patient variations.
{"title":"Concepts, Current Status, Approaches in Transdermal Drug Delivery System Technologies","authors":"Ghazi Me Hussein, B. El-Haj, H. Ali","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.7.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.7.6","url":null,"abstract":"The transdermal patch refers to the medical adhesive area which is kept on a human skin for the transition of a particular drug dosage across human skin to bloodstream. The essence of this activity is to prop up healing to the injured section on the body. The patch allows a controlled release of medication in the bloodstream, both via the porous polymeric membrane film covering the drug reservoir and via body temperature dissolving bony stratum of the medicine rooted in the adhesive or the paste. The film can be either in in form of a solid polymeric material or a residual film. The former form allows a sustained release while the other exhibits a rapid absorption is the leverage which the Transdermal medication technique has over other routes of therapeutic delivery like topical, oral, intramuscular, intravenous and others. Transdermal drug transmission enables steady flow of the drug in question into the body of the patient to make room for a sturdy profile of the blood level. This normally results into a reduced general side effect which means an improved effectiveness over diverse forms of dosages. The major aim of the Transdermal delivery technique is transition of medication into a universal circulation via the outer layer of the body at a programmed rate with negligible intra-patient as well as inter-patient variations.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78922182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative disease for which current therapies are often insufficient. The purpose of our investigation was to determine whether Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs), a type of neural stem cell, can protect Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) from glaucomatous damage in vivo. Methods: Intraocular pressure was chronically increased by trabecular laser treatment delivered unilaterally to adult rat eyes. OPCs were isolated in vitro and then transplanted intra vitreally either before, or concurrent with, injury induction. Results: Transplanted OPCs were found to survive within the eye for at least 12 weeks and to localize close to the RGCs. Moreover, OPCs significantly enhanced the survival of RGCs in the glaucomatous eye, but only when concomitantly activated by inflammation.. Amelioration of RGC death was not attributable to inflammation but relied on an interaction between inflammatory cells and OPCs. Engrafted cells also displayed multipotentiality in vivo.
{"title":"Reduction of Neuro degeneration in Glaucoma by Transplanted stems Cells Precursors","authors":"H. Tariq, A. Tariq, Uzma Yasmeen","doi":"10.51268/SRP.2021.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51268/SRP.2021.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative disease for which current therapies are often insufficient. The purpose of our investigation was to determine whether Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs), a type of neural stem cell, can protect Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) from glaucomatous damage in vivo. Methods: Intraocular pressure was chronically increased by trabecular laser treatment delivered unilaterally to adult rat eyes. OPCs were isolated in vitro and then transplanted intra vitreally either before, or concurrent with, injury induction. Results: Transplanted OPCs were found to survive within the eye for at least 12 weeks and to localize close to the RGCs. Moreover, OPCs significantly enhanced the survival of RGCs in the glaucomatous eye, but only when concomitantly activated by inflammation.. Amelioration of RGC death was not attributable to inflammation but relied on an interaction between inflammatory cells and OPCs. Engrafted cells also displayed multipotentiality in vivo.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77121687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammara Yaqoob, H. Adnan, Afshan Batool, Maria Qazi
Introduction: Mediastinal lesions include a wide spectrum of pathology, ranging from tumors (benign and malignant), cysts, vascular anomalies, and lymph node masses to diffuse lesions such as pneumomediastinum, mediastinitis, mediastinal fibrosis and encysted pleural effusion. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography scan in mediastinal masses assuming histopathological findings as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from October 2019 to April 2020. After taking informed consent, computed Tomography was performed on Toshiba Aquilion Multislice CT scanner before and after intravenous contrast administration. Results: Age range in this study was from 25-65 years with mean age of 48.57 ± 10.53 years. Majority of the patients 58.78% were between 46-65 years of age as shown in Table 1. Out of these 148 patients, 82 (55.41%) were males and 66 (44.59%) were females with ratio of 1.2:1. Mean duration of disease was 8.39 ± 4.78 months (Table 2). Mean size of mass was 5.21 ± 2.45 cm. Conclusion: It is concluded that computed tomography is a highly sensitive and accurate non-invasive modality for differentiating malignant and benign mediastinal masses, and has not only dramatically improved our ability of accurate diagnosis of mediastinal masses but also improved patient care by timely and proper treatment.
纵隔病变包括多种病理，从肿瘤(良性和恶性)、囊肿、血管异常、淋巴结肿块到弥漫性病变，如纵隔气肿、纵隔炎、纵隔纤维化和胸腔积液。目的和目的:本研究的基本目的是以组织病理学结果为金标准，分析计算机断层扫描对纵隔肿块的诊断准确性。材料和方法:本横断面研究于2019年10月至2020年4月在拉合尔的Sir Ganga Ram医院进行。经知情同意后，于静脉注射造影剂前后在东芝Aquilion多层螺旋CT上进行计算机断层扫描。结果:年龄25 ~ 65岁，平均年龄48.57±10.53岁。患者以46-65岁居多(58.78%)，见表1。148例患者中，男性82例(55.41%)，女性66例(44.59%)，男女比例为1.2:1。平均病程8.39±4.78个月(表2)，平均肿块大小5.21±2.45 cm。结论:计算机断层扫描是鉴别纵隔肿块良恶性的一种高度灵敏、准确的无创方式，不仅大大提高了我们对纵隔肿块的准确诊断能力，而且通过及时、合理的治疗，提高了患者的护理水平。
{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography Scan in Mediastinal Masses","authors":"Ammara Yaqoob, H. Adnan, Afshan Batool, Maria Qazi","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.5.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.5.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mediastinal lesions include a wide spectrum of pathology, ranging from tumors (benign and malignant), cysts, vascular anomalies, and lymph node masses to diffuse lesions such as pneumomediastinum, mediastinitis, mediastinal fibrosis and encysted pleural effusion. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography scan in mediastinal masses assuming histopathological findings as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from October 2019 to April 2020. After taking informed consent, computed Tomography was performed on Toshiba Aquilion Multislice CT scanner before and after intravenous contrast administration. Results: Age range in this study was from 25-65 years with mean age of 48.57 ± 10.53 years. Majority of the patients 58.78% were between 46-65 years of age as shown in Table 1. Out of these 148 patients, 82 (55.41%) were males and 66 (44.59%) were females with ratio of 1.2:1. Mean duration of disease was 8.39 ± 4.78 months (Table 2). Mean size of mass was 5.21 ± 2.45 cm. Conclusion: It is concluded that computed tomography is a highly sensitive and accurate non-invasive modality for differentiating malignant and benign mediastinal masses, and has not only dramatically improved our ability of accurate diagnosis of mediastinal masses but also improved patient care by timely and proper treatment.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77349435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All over the world, the most frequent cancer and death among women is breast cancer (BC), among BC can be treated and its risks can be reduced if it diagnosed in early stages. Early diagnosis of breast masses can be achieved by performing breast self- examination (BSE). physical examination by a physician, and mammography. Objective: Aim of this study is to evaluate the practice of breast self-examination female students in Al-Bayan University. Method: A cross sectional study was used; a pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to 142 female students from Al-Bayan university. The questionnaire covered the sociodemographic characteristics of participants (age, sex, and marital status), knowledge about correct timing of BSE, attitude and practice of BSE, willing to instruct others, and their source of information about BSE. Results: More than three quarter of our participants did not know the correct timing of breast self-examination, only 39.4% of them perform the breast self-examination, less than half of them (42.3%) reported that they will visit a doctor if they feel pain or lump in the breasts. The majority of our participants (69.7 %) had a desire to teach others how to perform breast self-examination. Their main source of information about breast self-examination was from TV. Conclusion: Breast self-examination practice among our participants was poor, so it is recommended to increase the awareness campaigns and training programs among students by National Breast Cancer Early Detection and Research program and focusing on the benefits of early detection of breast cancer by performing BSE.
{"title":"Breast self- examination practice among female students in Iraq","authors":"K. Salim, Wafaa M. A. Al-Attar, B. Alani","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"All over the world, the most frequent cancer and death among women is breast cancer (BC), among BC can be treated and its risks can be reduced if it diagnosed in early stages. Early diagnosis of breast masses can be achieved by performing breast self- examination (BSE). physical examination by a physician, and mammography. Objective: Aim of this study is to evaluate the practice of breast self-examination female students in Al-Bayan University. Method: A cross sectional study was used; a pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to 142 female students from Al-Bayan university. The questionnaire covered the sociodemographic characteristics of participants (age, sex, and marital status), knowledge about correct timing of BSE, attitude and practice of BSE, willing to instruct others, and their source of information about BSE. Results: More than three quarter of our participants did not know the correct timing of breast self-examination, only 39.4% of them perform the breast self-examination, less than half of them (42.3%) reported that they will visit a doctor if they feel pain or lump in the breasts. The majority of our participants (69.7 %) had a desire to teach others how to perform breast self-examination. Their main source of information about breast self-examination was from TV. Conclusion: Breast self-examination practice among our participants was poor, so it is recommended to increase the awareness campaigns and training programs among students by National Breast Cancer Early Detection and Research program and focusing on the benefits of early detection of breast cancer by performing BSE.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78075523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pneumonia is that the most wanted largest infectious reason for death in children worldwide. It’s most prevalent in South Asia and geographic region. In Ethiopia, pneumonia could be a leading single disease killing under-five children. Parametric survival analysis is defined as a group of longitudinal analysis methods for interrogating data having time as an outcome variable and Bayesian analysis is employed to boost the precision of the results by introducing external information in terms of the prior distribution. The aim of this study was to analyze the survival rate of under-five pneumonia patients in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital using Bayesian survival analysis. Methodology: Retrospective study was conducted in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital from September1,2002 up to August 30,2020. Children whose age between greater than 29 days and less than five year were included within the study and Patients with insufficient information were excluded from the study. The parametric classical AFT models and Bayesian AFT models were used for the analysis. Result: The results implied that patients whose residence were urban, male patients, age groups of patient at the age (12-23) months, (24-35) months, (36-47) months and (48-59) months, patients without comorbidity, patients without severe acute malnutrition (SAM), was prolonged timing death of under-five pneumonia patients, while female patients, age of patients at the age of(1-11) months, patients with comorbidity, patients whose residence was rural and patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were statistically significantly shorten timing of death. Conclusion: Finally, the findings of this study implied that the sex of children, residence of children, age of children, Co-morbidity, Severe Acute Malnutrition(SAM) and weight were major factors related to survival time of under-five pneumonia patients in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital.
背景:肺炎是全世界儿童死亡的最大传染病。它在南亚和其他地理区域最为普遍。在埃塞俄比亚，肺炎可能是导致五岁以下儿童死亡的主要单一疾病。参数生存分析是一组以时间为结果变量对数据进行查询的纵向分析方法，采用贝叶斯分析通过引入先验分布的外部信息来提高结果的精度。本研究的目的是利用贝叶斯生存分析分析Menz Gera Mehalmeda医院五岁以下肺炎患者的生存率。方法:回顾性研究于2002年9月1日至2020年8月30日在Menz Gera Mehalmeda医院进行。年龄大于29天至小于5岁的儿童被纳入研究，信息不足的患者被排除在研究之外。采用参数化经典AFT模型和贝叶斯AFT模型进行分析。结果:结果表明:居住地为城市、男性、患者年龄为(12-23)个月、(24-35)个月、(36-47)个月和(48-59)个月、无合并症、无严重急性营养不良(SAM)的5岁以下肺炎患者为延长时间死亡，而女性、患者年龄为(1-11)个月、合并合并症的患者为延长时间死亡。农村和严重急性营养不良(SAM)患者的死亡时间明显缩短。结论:最后，本研究结果提示，儿童性别、儿童居住地、儿童年龄、合并发病率、严重急性营养不良(SAM)和体重是影响Menz Gera Mehalmeda医院5岁以下肺炎患者生存时间的主要因素。
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H. Hadi, E. Saleh, M. H. A. Osami, Khulood Azeez Anber
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is arthritis that affects the spine cause inflammatory stiffening of it. The disease affects both cartilaginous joints of the spine and the sacroiliac joints. Ossification of ligaments and spinal fusion with a typical stooped posture has been shown when disease was developed. Tobacco smoking consist of a complex mixture of various agents had many toxic effects so it has a negative influence on spinal activity, functional ability and mobility in AS. The pathogenesis of AS is imprecise and possible of several pro-inflammatory cytokine formation is leading to many pathogenic consequences. The liver responsible for releasing several types of acute phase proteins (APP) containing the fetuin- A (FA) as counter-regulatory mechanism. Vitamin D (VD) is very important for bone health, and has also been linked with immune function and protection against cancer. This study was designed to clarify the impact tobacco smoking on serum fetuin A, vitamin D and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in Iraqi male with ankylosing spondylitis. Cross- sectional study was done in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City from April to August 2016. The number of both AS and volunteers are seventy-eight; their mean age were (36.53 ± 8.46) and (33.04 ± 9.74) years respectively. All of them were classified into four groups depending on healthy status and tobacco smoke. Blood sample was drawn from vein of each participant to determine the above serum biomarkers by ELISA. The result showed not significant variations in measuring hemoglobin (HGB) but significant increase of white blood cells (WBCs), platelets count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR){P values list > 0.05, < 0.05, < 0.05 and
强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种影响脊柱的关节炎，引起脊柱炎症性硬化。这种疾病影响脊柱的软骨关节和骶髂关节。当疾病发展时，韧带骨化和脊柱融合表现为典型的弯腰姿势。吸烟是多种物质的复杂混合物，具有多种毒性作用，因此对AS患者的脊柱活动、功能能力和活动能力有负面影响。AS的发病机制尚不明确，可能有几种促炎细胞因子的形成导致许多致病后果。肝脏负责释放几种含有胎儿素- A (FA)的急性期蛋白(APP)作为反调控机制。维生素D (VD)对骨骼健康非常重要，也与免疫功能和预防癌症有关。本研究旨在阐明吸烟对伊拉克男性强直性脊柱炎患者血清胎儿素A、维生素D和肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)水平的影响。横断面研究于2016年4月至8月在巴格达教学医院/医学城进行。AS和志愿者的人数都是78人;平均年龄分别为(36.53±8.46)岁和(33.04±9.74)岁。所有这些人根据健康状况和吸烟情况被分为四组。每位参与者均抽取静脉血样，采用ELISA法测定上述血清生物标志物。结果显示血红蛋白(HGB)无显著变化，但白细胞(wbc)、血小板计数和红细胞沉降率(ESR)显著升高(P值分别为0.05、< 0.05、< 0.05和< 0.05)
{"title":"The relationship between smoking and ankylosing spondylitis on some serum biomarkers","authors":"H. Hadi, E. Saleh, M. H. A. Osami, Khulood Azeez Anber","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is arthritis that affects the spine cause inflammatory stiffening of it. The disease affects both cartilaginous joints of the spine and the sacroiliac joints. Ossification of ligaments and spinal fusion with a typical stooped posture has been shown when disease was developed. Tobacco smoking consist of a complex mixture of various agents had many toxic effects so it has a negative influence on spinal activity, functional ability and mobility in AS. The pathogenesis of AS is imprecise and possible of several pro-inflammatory cytokine formation is leading to many pathogenic consequences. The liver responsible for releasing several types of acute phase proteins (APP) containing the fetuin- A (FA) as counter-regulatory mechanism. Vitamin D (VD) is very important for bone health, and has also been linked with immune function and protection against cancer. This study was designed to clarify the impact tobacco smoking on serum fetuin A, vitamin D and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in Iraqi male with ankylosing spondylitis. Cross- sectional study was done in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City from April to August 2016. The number of both AS and volunteers are seventy-eight; their mean age were (36.53 ± 8.46) and (33.04 ± 9.74) years respectively. All of them were classified into four groups depending on healthy status and tobacco smoke. Blood sample was drawn from vein of each participant to determine the above serum biomarkers by ELISA. The result showed not significant variations in measuring hemoglobin (HGB) but significant increase of white blood cells (WBCs), platelets count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR){P values list > 0.05, < 0.05, < 0.05 and","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77093158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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