Background: Pneumonia is that the most wanted largest infectious reason for death in children worldwide. It’s most prevalent in South Asia and geographic region. In Ethiopia, pneumonia could be a leading single disease killing under-five children. Parametric survival analysis is defined as a group of longitudinal analysis methods for interrogating data having time as an outcome variable and Bayesian analysis is employed to boost the precision of the results by introducing external information in terms of the prior distribution. The aim of this study was to analyze the survival rate of under-five pneumonia patients in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital using Bayesian survival analysis. Methodology: Retrospective study was conducted in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital from September1,2002 up to August 30,2020. Children whose age between greater than 29 days and less than five year were included within the study and Patients with insufficient information were excluded from the study. The parametric classical AFT models and Bayesian AFT models were used for the analysis. Result: The results implied that patients whose residence were urban, male patients, age groups of patient at the age (12-23) months, (24-35) months, (36-47) months and (48-59) months, patients without comorbidity, patients without severe acute malnutrition (SAM), was prolonged timing death of under-five pneumonia patients, while female patients, age of patients at the age of(1-11) months, patients with comorbidity, patients whose residence was rural and patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were statistically significantly shorten timing of death. Conclusion: Finally, the findings of this study implied that the sex of children, residence of children, age of children, Co-morbidity, Severe Acute Malnutrition(SAM) and weight were major factors related to survival time of under-five pneumonia patients in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital.
背景:肺炎是全世界儿童死亡的最大传染病。它在南亚和其他地理区域最为普遍。在埃塞俄比亚，肺炎可能是导致五岁以下儿童死亡的主要单一疾病。参数生存分析是一组以时间为结果变量对数据进行查询的纵向分析方法，采用贝叶斯分析通过引入先验分布的外部信息来提高结果的精度。本研究的目的是利用贝叶斯生存分析分析Menz Gera Mehalmeda医院五岁以下肺炎患者的生存率。方法:回顾性研究于2002年9月1日至2020年8月30日在Menz Gera Mehalmeda医院进行。年龄大于29天至小于5岁的儿童被纳入研究，信息不足的患者被排除在研究之外。采用参数化经典AFT模型和贝叶斯AFT模型进行分析。结果:结果表明:居住地为城市、男性、患者年龄为(12-23)个月、(24-35)个月、(36-47)个月和(48-59)个月、无合并症、无严重急性营养不良(SAM)的5岁以下肺炎患者为延长时间死亡，而女性、患者年龄为(1-11)个月、合并合并症的患者为延长时间死亡。农村和严重急性营养不良(SAM)患者的死亡时间明显缩短。结论:最后，本研究结果提示，儿童性别、儿童居住地、儿童年龄、合并发病率、严重急性营养不良(SAM)和体重是影响Menz Gera Mehalmeda医院5岁以下肺炎患者生存时间的主要因素。
{"title":"Under-Five Pneumonia Patients in Menz Geramidr Mehalmeda Hospital North Shewa, Ethiopia:Bayesian Parametric Survival Model","authors":"FekadeGetabile, AdimiasWendimagegn","doi":"10.51268/SRP.2021.8.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51268/SRP.2021.8.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pneumonia is that the most wanted largest infectious reason for death in children worldwide. It’s most prevalent in South Asia and geographic region. In Ethiopia, pneumonia could be a leading single disease killing under-five children. Parametric survival analysis is defined as a group of longitudinal analysis methods for interrogating data having time as an outcome variable and Bayesian analysis is employed to boost the precision of the results by introducing external information in terms of the prior distribution. The aim of this study was to analyze the survival rate of under-five pneumonia patients in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital using Bayesian survival analysis. Methodology: Retrospective study was conducted in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital from September1,2002 up to August 30,2020. Children whose age between greater than 29 days and less than five year were included within the study and Patients with insufficient information were excluded from the study. The parametric classical AFT models and Bayesian AFT models were used for the analysis. Result: The results implied that patients whose residence were urban, male patients, age groups of patient at the age (12-23) months, (24-35) months, (36-47) months and (48-59) months, patients without comorbidity, patients without severe acute malnutrition (SAM), was prolonged timing death of under-five pneumonia patients, while female patients, age of patients at the age of(1-11) months, patients with comorbidity, patients whose residence was rural and patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were statistically significantly shorten timing of death. Conclusion: Finally, the findings of this study implied that the sex of children, residence of children, age of children, Co-morbidity, Severe Acute Malnutrition(SAM) and weight were major factors related to survival time of under-five pneumonia patients in Menz Gera Mehalmeda Hospital.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"175 1","pages":"473-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76871813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: 65% of the causes of infertility are related to female factors. Receptive endometrium is essential for a successful pregnancy. In ART cycles, receptivity is not achieved optimally. Main body: Uterine receptivity is the ability of the uterus to accept a competent blastocyst. The factors affecting endometrial receptivity include: hormonal, genetic and immunological factors. During the receptive phase, different changes occur in endometrium (Cytoskeletal, biochemical and genetic). This review article discusses the interventions that can improve the uterine receptivity in ART cycles. Conclusion: PRP has growth factor and anti-inflammatory properties. It is safe and it has positive effects on endometrial receptivity. Endometrial scratching may be associated with the secretion of growth factors and cytokines involved in the wound healing process and may also contribute to enhancing the embryo implantation. Acupuncture is effective as a complimentary medicine and should be used along with routine medical approaches. Medications like aspirin, growth hormone and heparin that are used in ART cycles improve the receptivity. Use of stem cells in human is limited and although they have positive effects on animals, they have a long way to be safe enough to be used for human. Nutritional supplements like Carnitines, vitamin E and melatonin seems to be safe and effective in endometrial receptivity. In FET cycles, developmental synchrony between the embryo and uterus is maintained. Endometrial receptivity assay (ERA) was introduced as an accurate molecular tool to determine the endometrial receptivity status.
{"title":"Endometrial Receptivity In Art Cycles: A Review On Different Aspects Of Improvement","authors":"Bahare Rafiee, S. Bahmanpour","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 65% of the causes of infertility are related to female factors. Receptive endometrium is essential for a successful pregnancy. In ART cycles, receptivity is not achieved optimally. Main body: Uterine receptivity is the ability of the uterus to accept a competent blastocyst. The factors affecting endometrial receptivity include: hormonal, genetic and immunological factors. During the receptive phase, different changes occur in endometrium (Cytoskeletal, biochemical and genetic). This review article discusses the interventions that can improve the uterine receptivity in ART cycles. Conclusion: PRP has growth factor and anti-inflammatory properties. It is safe and it has positive effects on endometrial receptivity. Endometrial scratching may be associated with the secretion of growth factors and cytokines involved in the wound healing process and may also contribute to enhancing the embryo implantation. Acupuncture is effective as a complimentary medicine and should be used along with routine medical approaches. Medications like aspirin, growth hormone and heparin that are used in ART cycles improve the receptivity. Use of stem cells in human is limited and although they have positive effects on animals, they have a long way to be safe enough to be used for human. Nutritional supplements like Carnitines, vitamin E and melatonin seems to be safe and effective in endometrial receptivity. In FET cycles, developmental synchrony between the embryo and uterus is maintained. Endometrial receptivity assay (ERA) was introduced as an accurate molecular tool to determine the endometrial receptivity status.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"149 1","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75755258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Majority of the women do not give exclusive breast feed to their children and waste colostrum. The objective of this study was to assess practices of exclusive breast feeding among mothers less than 5 year children attending a tertiary care hospital outpatient. There is a decline in proper breast feeding practices in Pakistan Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out on 258 mothers, who presented to Gynaecological and Obstetrical OPD or ward and had at least one child between the age of 1 to 5. Questions regarding their demographic profile and breast feeding practices were asked. Results: Among them 110/250 (44%) practiced exclusive breast feeding and the rest either used formula milk or cow’s milk along with breast milk. Only 41/250 (16%) women had given colostrum to their children, 153/250 (61%) had given Ghurti (a traditional pre-lacteal feed, mainly honey). Women who were uniparous, housewives, lived in joint families, belonged to middle class families and had vaginal mode of delivery had better breast feeding practices than others. When grading and categorization of breast feeding practices were done 41/250 (18.5%) had excellent practice, 69/250 (31%) had good and 111/250 (50%) had poor practice.221/250 (88.4%) women had breast fed their children and 29/250 (11.6%) had not. Conclusion: The study emphasizes that there is a need to improve exclusive breast feeding and colostrum giving practices.
{"title":"High Class and Special Thorax Nourishing Carry Out Between Mothers: A Clinic Centred Research and Evaluation","authors":"Samar Nawaz, Sharjeel Ahmed, Rafia Liaquat","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Majority of the women do not give exclusive breast feed to their children and waste colostrum. The objective of this study was to assess practices of exclusive breast feeding among mothers less than 5 year children attending a tertiary care hospital outpatient. There is a decline in proper breast feeding practices in Pakistan Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out on 258 mothers, who presented to Gynaecological and Obstetrical OPD or ward and had at least one child between the age of 1 to 5. Questions regarding their demographic profile and breast feeding practices were asked. Results: Among them 110/250 (44%) practiced exclusive breast feeding and the rest either used formula milk or cow’s milk along with breast milk. Only 41/250 (16%) women had given colostrum to their children, 153/250 (61%) had given Ghurti (a traditional pre-lacteal feed, mainly honey). Women who were uniparous, housewives, lived in joint families, belonged to middle class families and had vaginal mode of delivery had better breast feeding practices than others. When grading and categorization of breast feeding practices were done 41/250 (18.5%) had excellent practice, 69/250 (31%) had good and 111/250 (50%) had poor practice.221/250 (88.4%) women had breast fed their children and 29/250 (11.6%) had not. Conclusion: The study emphasizes that there is a need to improve exclusive breast feeding and colostrum giving practices.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"103 1","pages":"260-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80350367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. G. Al-Charak, Z. Kadhim, Shaimaa H. Ali Al-Cekal
Background and objective: In recent years, vitamin D has been considered an interesting subject of study due to its pleiotropic role including autocrine, paracrine and endocrine function in several target organs and systems. The essential molecule for reproduction in animals and it have an antioxidant properties in all mammalian cells is known vitamin E. This study aimed the study the effects of acute supplementation of both vitamins D and E on developing of testosterone levels and reproductive properties in rats. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups, 1st group were feeding by acute supplementation with vitamin D while 2nd group supplementation of vitamin E, 3rd group feeding with acute supplementation of both vitamins, and 4th group was control with normal fed. HPLC technique was used to assessing of vitamins D and E levels while levels of TES were investigated by ELISA. Results: The levels of vitamins D (ng/ml) levels in this experiment (after month of supplementation) of study groups (VDS, VES, VDES, and Control) were 7.27±2.1 ,3.15±1.1, 6.19±0.9, 5.11±1.4, respectively, while vitamin E (ng/ml) levels were 4.13±1.2, 6.4±1.3 ,3.15±1.1, 4.17±1.3, respectively, and the p-value was < 0.05 when comparing between all groups. TES levels (pg/ml) were 13.40±3.9, 16.04±2.6, 17.18±3.5, 11.17±2.7 in study groups and the p-value also
{"title":"Assessment of vitamins D and E acute supplementation on testosterone levels in male rats","authors":"A. G. Al-Charak, Z. Kadhim, Shaimaa H. Ali Al-Cekal","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.2.47","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: In recent years, vitamin D has been considered an interesting subject of study due to its pleiotropic role including autocrine, paracrine and endocrine function in several target organs and systems. The essential molecule for reproduction in animals and it have an antioxidant properties in all mammalian cells is known vitamin E. This study aimed the study the effects of acute supplementation of both vitamins D and E on developing of testosterone levels and reproductive properties in rats. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups, 1st group were feeding by acute supplementation with vitamin D while 2nd group supplementation of vitamin E, 3rd group feeding with acute supplementation of both vitamins, and 4th group was control with normal fed. HPLC technique was used to assessing of vitamins D and E levels while levels of TES were investigated by ELISA. Results: The levels of vitamins D (ng/ml) levels in this experiment (after month of supplementation) of study groups (VDS, VES, VDES, and Control) were 7.27±2.1 ,3.15±1.1, 6.19±0.9, 5.11±1.4, respectively, while vitamin E (ng/ml) levels were 4.13±1.2, 6.4±1.3 ,3.15±1.1, 4.17±1.3, respectively, and the p-value was < 0.05 when comparing between all groups. TES levels (pg/ml) were 13.40±3.9, 16.04±2.6, 17.18±3.5, 11.17±2.7 in study groups and the p-value also","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"8 1","pages":"347-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86539352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pulmonary manifestations of GERD are attracting increasing attention. The physiological link between GERD and pulmonary disease has been extensively studied in chronic cough and asthma. The gastric contents can cause throat irritation, postnasal drip and hoarseness also recurrent cough. Objectives: This study is to determine frequency of pulmonary manifestations in patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Settings: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Aeer ud din Medical college during June 2019 to December 2019. All patients with heartburn, both males and females of 20-70 years of age. Results: Out of 150 patients’ laryngeal symptoms were 10% have dry cough 8% have hoarseness and dry cough hoarseness both in 10% in patients with heartburn. 34% patients with GERD were found to be asthmatic. Nasal symptoms were infrequent 2%. Out of 150 patients 36% do not have any pulmonary manifestations. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of pulmonary manifestations in patients with GERD.
{"title":"Frequency of Pulmonary Manifestations of in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease","authors":"M. Liaqat, Khajista Zulfiqar, Waleed Asghar","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.5.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulmonary manifestations of GERD are attracting increasing attention. The physiological link between GERD and pulmonary disease has been extensively studied in chronic cough and asthma. The gastric contents can cause throat irritation, postnasal drip and hoarseness also recurrent cough. Objectives: This study is to determine frequency of pulmonary manifestations in patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Settings: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Aeer ud din Medical college during June 2019 to December 2019. All patients with heartburn, both males and females of 20-70 years of age. Results: Out of 150 patients’ laryngeal symptoms were 10% have dry cough 8% have hoarseness and dry cough hoarseness both in 10% in patients with heartburn. 34% patients with GERD were found to be asthmatic. Nasal symptoms were infrequent 2%. Out of 150 patients 36% do not have any pulmonary manifestations. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of pulmonary manifestations in patients with GERD.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":"204-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87091603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is an essential component in manufacturing, consisting of basic requirements that manufacturers are required to perform and for which they must control. Successful GMP standards assessment requires the appropriate management and implementation of the requirements. This study aimed to 1) examine Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University College of Allied Health Sciences students knowledge and understanding of GMP standard, 2) comprehend Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University College of Allied Health Sciences students behaviors relative to GMP standards, 3) measure Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University College of Allied Health Sciences students levels of satisfaction with GMP standards, and 4) analyze the ability to explain variations in the students knowledge/understanding and behaviors towards their satisfaction with GMP standards. This research employed a quantitative approach, using a descriptive analysis to explore the necessary knowledge and understanding and determine averages and percentages and to determine regression coefficients using a multiple regression analysis. The level of statistical significance is typically expressed as a p-value ≤ 0.05. The samples used in the research were 73 students associated with the herbal medicine and health product factory at the College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The tool in this research was a survey. The results showed that students levels of knowledge and understanding about GMP standards fell in the middle range, as did their behaviors associated with GMP standards. Moreover, the levels of satisfaction with the GMP standards of the students were at the high level. Thus, knowledge/understanding and behavior cannot explain the students satisfaction with GMP standards. Findings in this research provide new knowledge for management, which can serve as a helpful guideline for students in the university, new operators and entrepreneurs in the private sector, and those planning to undergo GMP assessment.
{"title":"Student Knowledge, Understanding, Behavior, and Satisfaction Related to Good Manufacturing Practice in Herbal Medicines and Health Products at College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University","authors":"Phannee Rojanabenjakun, Jatuporn Ounprasertsuk, Phanitsa Wanthong, Tipvarin Benjanirat, Pongsak Jaroenngarmsamer, Sasipen Krutchangthong, P. Sripan, Sunatcha Chaowai","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.1.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.1.171","url":null,"abstract":"Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is an essential component in manufacturing, consisting of basic requirements that manufacturers are required to perform and for which they must control. Successful GMP standards assessment requires the appropriate management and implementation of the requirements. This study aimed to 1) examine Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University College of Allied Health Sciences students knowledge and understanding of GMP standard, 2) comprehend Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University College of Allied Health Sciences students behaviors relative to GMP standards, 3) measure Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University College of Allied Health Sciences students levels of satisfaction with GMP standards, and 4) analyze the ability to explain variations in the students knowledge/understanding and behaviors towards their satisfaction with GMP standards. This research employed a quantitative approach, using a descriptive analysis to explore the necessary knowledge and understanding and determine averages and percentages and to determine regression coefficients using a multiple regression analysis. The level of statistical significance is typically expressed as a p-value ≤ 0.05. The samples used in the research were 73 students associated with the herbal medicine and health product factory at the College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The tool in this research was a survey. The results showed that students levels of knowledge and understanding about GMP standards fell in the middle range, as did their behaviors associated with GMP standards. Moreover, the levels of satisfaction with the GMP standards of the students were at the high level. Thus, knowledge/understanding and behavior cannot explain the students satisfaction with GMP standards. Findings in this research provide new knowledge for management, which can serve as a helpful guideline for students in the university, new operators and entrepreneurs in the private sector, and those planning to undergo GMP assessment.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"36 1","pages":"1230-1235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87497135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayonnaise is an appetizer common in Iraq, and the demand for it has increased in recent times with the trend of the societies towards fast food and prepared foods. Therefore, this study was conducted to reduce the number of calories in mayonnaise. The chitin was extracted from crab shells, where the acetyl groups were removed with an alkali treatment to prepare chitosan, tamarind gum was also extracted. The prepared hydrocolloids, represented by chitosan and tamarind gum at 3%, were used as a stabilizer, and fat replaces in the manufacture of reduced-fat mayonnaise (RFM) and light mayonnaise (LF) and was compared with full-fat mayonnaise (FFM). Thus, the quality of the prepared mayonnaise treatments was assessed by analyzing the chemical composition, and the caloric value. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties represented by (stability, heat stability, pH, and viscosity) were studied, and microscopy and sensory evaluation were performed. The results showed an increase in the moisture content of the mayonnaise treatments with a decrease in the percentage of fat, and that the caloric value of low-calorie mayonnaise decreased significantly in the treatments that had a lower fat percentage. Light mayonnaise LM1 (prepared with adding chitosan) and LM2 (prepared with the addition of tamarind gum seed) were observed to have a higher moisture content than FFM and generally, the moisture content increased with increasing the level of fat replacing. The caloric values of the treatments containing fat replacer were significantly decreased. Low-fat mayonnaise samples showed high stability. The highest stability values were obtained in the RFM1 (prepared by adding chitosan) and the lowest value of stability in the FFM. Slight significant differences were observed in the pH values between the treatments, and the pH value of FFM was less than the rest of the treatments. The optical microscope images in the samples of FFM showed that small droplets were efficiently packed between the larger ones, while in the RFM samples, larger size distributions and smaller droplets appeared. The treatment RFM1 obtained the highest mark for the sensory evaluation compared to the other treatments and the consistency values were affected by the viscosity of the mayonnaise treatments, as the higher viscosity value of the RFM1 treatment corresponded to the highest value of the consistency in the same treatment. It can be concluded from this research the possibility of using the chitosan and the tamarind gum as suitable replacers for the fat in preparing healthy, low-calorie mayonnaise, as they are healthy hydrocolloids, which are non-toxic, biodegradable, and easy to prepare steps, as they do not being caused an undesirable change in the specific properties of mayonnaise.
{"title":"Preparation of Healthy Mayonnaise by Using Plant and Animal Gums as Oil Replacer","authors":"I. M. Al-aubadi","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.1.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.1.157","url":null,"abstract":"Mayonnaise is an appetizer common in Iraq, and the demand for it has increased in recent times with the trend of the societies towards fast food and prepared foods. Therefore, this study was conducted to reduce the number of calories in mayonnaise. The chitin was extracted from crab shells, where the acetyl groups were removed with an alkali treatment to prepare chitosan, tamarind gum was also extracted. The prepared hydrocolloids, represented by chitosan and tamarind gum at 3%, were used as a stabilizer, and fat replaces in the manufacture of reduced-fat mayonnaise (RFM) and light mayonnaise (LF) and was compared with full-fat mayonnaise (FFM). Thus, the quality of the prepared mayonnaise treatments was assessed by analyzing the chemical composition, and the caloric value. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties represented by (stability, heat stability, pH, and viscosity) were studied, and microscopy and sensory evaluation were performed. The results showed an increase in the moisture content of the mayonnaise treatments with a decrease in the percentage of fat, and that the caloric value of low-calorie mayonnaise decreased significantly in the treatments that had a lower fat percentage. Light mayonnaise LM1 (prepared with adding chitosan) and LM2 (prepared with the addition of tamarind gum seed) were observed to have a higher moisture content than FFM and generally, the moisture content increased with increasing the level of fat replacing. The caloric values of the treatments containing fat replacer were significantly decreased. Low-fat mayonnaise samples showed high stability. The highest stability values were obtained in the RFM1 (prepared by adding chitosan) and the lowest value of stability in the FFM. Slight significant differences were observed in the pH values between the treatments, and the pH value of FFM was less than the rest of the treatments. The optical microscope images in the samples of FFM showed that small droplets were efficiently packed between the larger ones, while in the RFM samples, larger size distributions and smaller droplets appeared. The treatment RFM1 obtained the highest mark for the sensory evaluation compared to the other treatments and the consistency values were affected by the viscosity of the mayonnaise treatments, as the higher viscosity value of the RFM1 treatment corresponded to the highest value of the consistency in the same treatment. It can be concluded from this research the possibility of using the chitosan and the tamarind gum as suitable replacers for the fat in preparing healthy, low-calorie mayonnaise, as they are healthy hydrocolloids, which are non-toxic, biodegradable, and easy to prepare steps, as they do not being caused an undesirable change in the specific properties of mayonnaise.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"141 1","pages":"1142-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89028428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Serohina, O. Pikhurets, S. Iasechko, E. Yevlakhova, S. Lytvyn, I. Miroshnykov
The article reveals the features and legal grounds for the application of the mechanism of restriction of patent rights through compulsory licensing of inventions. The analysis of the legislation on the regulation of these relations is carried out. The EU experience in the use of compulsory licensing is analyzed and prospects for Ukraine are considered. Theoretical positions on the subject of research are analyzed. It is substantiated that in emergency situations the state should defend the public interests to the detriment of the interests of the patent owner and may apply a compulsory license. Compulsory licensing is a common practice and an important legal institution. The conditions and features of granting a compulsory license for objects of patent law in accordance with the provisions of Ukrainian legislation are revealed. The terms of the compulsory license are not based on the mutual consent of the licensor and the licensee but are determined by the competent state body. The correlation of the Ukrainian legislation with the international obligations of Ukraine is investigated. Analysis of foreign sources shows that compulsory licensing is one of the effective mechanisms for reaching a compromise between the public interests and the patent owner. The paper confirms the expediency of shifting the balance of interests from the patent owner to society in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for improving Ukrainian legislation are provided.
{"title":"Application of Compulsory Licensing in the Context of the Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic","authors":"N. Serohina, O. Pikhurets, S. Iasechko, E. Yevlakhova, S. Lytvyn, I. Miroshnykov","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the features and legal grounds for the application of the mechanism of restriction of patent rights through compulsory licensing of inventions. The analysis of the legislation on the regulation of these relations is carried out. The EU experience in the use of compulsory licensing is analyzed and prospects for Ukraine are considered. Theoretical positions on the subject of research are analyzed. It is substantiated that in emergency situations the state should defend the public interests to the detriment of the interests of the patent owner and may apply a compulsory license. Compulsory licensing is a common practice and an important legal institution. The conditions and features of granting a compulsory license for objects of patent law in accordance with the provisions of Ukrainian legislation are revealed. The terms of the compulsory license are not based on the mutual consent of the licensor and the licensee but are determined by the competent state body. The correlation of the Ukrainian legislation with the international obligations of Ukraine is investigated. Analysis of foreign sources shows that compulsory licensing is one of the effective mechanisms for reaching a compromise between the public interests and the patent owner. The paper confirms the expediency of shifting the balance of interests from the patent owner to society in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for improving Ukrainian legislation are provided.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"24 1","pages":"334-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87450600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : knowledge with respect to nutrient foramina of bones is helpful in surgeries, for example, microvascular bone exchange to safeguard the dissemination. In any case, there is not many information on Morphometric investigates of the supplement foramina of femur and humerus in Egyptians. Subjects and methods : Between June 2019 and September 2020, we prospectively assess morphology of nutrient foramina included 350 adult long limb bones of femur and humerus Department of Anatomy in Al-Azhar University . the age and gender of which were not determined of Egyptian subjects. The bones were examined for the number, location and direction of the nutrient foramina. Aim of the work : To investigate the morphology of nutrient foramina of femur and humerus regarding to their numbers and localizations and to determine their foraminal index to provide detailed data on such features. Results : The foramina were most determined in anteromedial aspect 61% of cases on the shaft of bone in the humerus , its foramial indices were 32.1 68.7 % and the most of study (84%) had one nutrient foramen. In femur, we founded that the range of foraminal indices of bone 26.1 68 % , mainly sample (88% ) located in the middle third of the bone and (30%) had one nutrient foramen, (60%) had two nutrient foramina and only (10%) had three nutrient foramina. 56.1% nutrient foramina were located in between upper and middle 1/3rd of the Femur,,18.7% nutrient foramina were located in between middle and lower 1/3rd of the Femur ,, 23% nutrient foramina were located in middle half of the length of the Femur. Foraminal Index (FI): (Distance of nutrient foramen / Total length) ×100 Conclusion: The anatomical information of the nutrient foramen of the long bones of limb as femur and humerus is important for orthopaedic surgeons during surgical operations of bones.
{"title":"Morphometric And Comparative Study Of Nutrient Foramina Of Femur And Humerus Bones And Its Clinical Importance In Egyptian Population","authors":"E. Ali","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.3.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background : knowledge with respect to nutrient foramina of bones is helpful in surgeries, for example, microvascular bone exchange to safeguard the dissemination. In any case, there is not many information on Morphometric investigates of the supplement foramina of femur and humerus in Egyptians. Subjects and methods : Between June 2019 and September 2020, we prospectively assess morphology of nutrient foramina included 350 adult long limb bones of femur and humerus Department of Anatomy in Al-Azhar University . the age and gender of which were not determined of Egyptian subjects. The bones were examined for the number, location and direction of the nutrient foramina. Aim of the work : To investigate the morphology of nutrient foramina of femur and humerus regarding to their numbers and localizations and to determine their foraminal index to provide detailed data on such features. Results : The foramina were most determined in anteromedial aspect 61% of cases on the shaft of bone in the humerus , its foramial indices were 32.1 68.7 % and the most of study (84%) had one nutrient foramen. In femur, we founded that the range of foraminal indices of bone 26.1 68 % , mainly sample (88% ) located in the middle third of the bone and (30%) had one nutrient foramen, (60%) had two nutrient foramina and only (10%) had three nutrient foramina. 56.1% nutrient foramina were located in between upper and middle 1/3rd of the Femur,,18.7% nutrient foramina were located in between middle and lower 1/3rd of the Femur ,, 23% nutrient foramina were located in middle half of the length of the Femur. Foraminal Index (FI): (Distance of nutrient foramen / Total length) ×100 Conclusion: The anatomical information of the nutrient foramen of the long bones of limb as femur and humerus is important for orthopaedic surgeons during surgical operations of bones.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"41 1","pages":"130-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84969879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awais Jamil, Atique ur-Rehman, Usama Shahid, S. Hussain
Introduction: Large quality of imaging examination helps in the discovery of Cystic Pancreatic Lesions (CPLs). Objectives: The main objectives of the study is to evaluate the mucinous cystadenoma of pancreas with honeycombing appearance. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur during 2019 to 2020. All the cases of cystic pancreatic lesions were observed by Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced MRI.
{"title":"Analysis of Mucinous Cystadenoma of Pancreas with Honeycombing Appearance","authors":"Awais Jamil, Atique ur-Rehman, Usama Shahid, S. Hussain","doi":"10.31838/SRP.2021.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/SRP.2021.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Large quality of imaging examination helps in the discovery of Cystic Pancreatic Lesions (CPLs). Objectives: The main objectives of the study is to eval\u0002uate the mucinous cystadenoma of pancreas with hon\u0002eycombing appearance. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur during 2019 to 2020. All the cases of cystic pancreatic lesions were observed by Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced MRI.","PeriodicalId":22121,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy","volume":"20 1","pages":"190-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82657356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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