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Phylogenomic species delimitation of the twisted-winged parasite genus Stylops (Strepsiptera) 扭翅寄生虫 Stylops 属(Strepsiptera)的系统发生学物种划分
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12618
Meri Lähteenaro, Jakub Straka, Mattias Forshage, Rasmus Hovmöller, Yuta Nakase, Anders L. Nilsson, John T. Smit, Johan A. A. Nylander, Johannes Bergsten

The twisted-winged parasite genus Stylops has a history of different species concepts with varying host specificity resulting in diverse species diversity estimates in different regions of the Holarctic. The adoption of a supergeneralist species concept in Europe, proposing synonymization of all Western Palaearctic Stylops species, did not facilitate taxonomic clarity and obscured the available life-history data in the region for decades. Lack of molecular data has allowed divergent opinions on species hypotheses and little opportunity for evaluating them in this morphologically challenging genus. To solve these discrepancies and gain novel information about host associations, we applied whole-genome sequencing to 163 specimens, representing a significant portion of putative European species. We evaluate the existing and conflicting species hypotheses with molecular species delimitation using Species bOundry Delimitation using Astral (SODA) and use a maximum likelihood phylogeny to investigate host associations of the species. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of a number of loci used in SODA for the number of inferred species. We find justification for synonymization of multiple species and indications of undescribed species, as well as new host–parasite relationships. We show that the number of inferred species in SODA is exceedingly and positively correlated with the number of loci used, urging for cautious application. The results of our study bring clarity to the Western Palaearctic species diversity of Stylops. Furthermore, the comprehensive molecular dataset generated in this study will be a valuable resource for future studies on Stylops and the evolution of parasites in general.

在全北极不同地区,扭曲翼寄生虫属茎柱具有不同的物种概念和不同的宿主特异性,导致物种多样性估计不同。欧洲采用了一种超通用化的物种概念,建议将所有西部古北柱花草物种同义化,这不利于分类的明确,并使该地区几十年来可用的生活史数据变得模糊。分子数据的缺乏使得对物种假设的意见分歧,并且很少有机会在这个形态学上具有挑战性的属中评估它们。为了解决这些差异并获得有关宿主关联的新信息,我们对163个标本进行了全基因组测序,这些标本代表了假定的欧洲物种的很大一部分。我们评估现有的和相互冲突的物种假设与分子物种划分使用物种边界划分使用星界(SODA),并使用最大似然系统发育研究物种的宿主关联。此外,我们评估了SODA中使用的一些基因座对推断物种数量的影响。我们发现了多个物种同义化的理由和未描述物种的迹象,以及新的宿主-寄生虫关系。我们发现SODA中推断物种的数量与使用的位点数量呈极显著正相关,建议谨慎使用。本研究结果使古北西部柱花草物种多样性更加清晰。此外,本研究建立的完整的分子数据集将为柱花草和寄生虫进化的进一步研究提供宝贵的资源。
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引用次数: 0
When a key innovation becomes redundant: Patterns, drivers and consequences of elytral reduction in Coleoptera 当关键创新变得多余时鞘翅目昆虫蜕皮的模式、驱动因素和后果
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12617
Jakub Goczał, Rolf G. Beutel, Matthew L. Gimmel, Robin Kundrata

The transformation of the fore wings into strongly sclerotized protective covers (elytra) is considered a fundamental evolutionary innovation of the megadiverse order Coleoptera. Surprisingly, these multifunctional structures have been reduced in many distantly related groups of beetles. Patterns, drivers and the evolutionary implications of this modification have never been comprehensively discussed. In the present study, we surveyed the entire order Coleoptera to analyse the patterns of elytral shortening and loss, with a special focus on prevalence, forms, degree of reduction and the functional background of this significant deviation from the coleopteran ground plan. Our analysis revealed that about 20% of all extant species (roughly 88,000 out of 442,275 spp.), distributed across all four suborders, have shortened or even absent elytra. The elytral loss was more frequent within the polyphagan series Elateriformia and Staphyliniformia. Moreover, we found that elytral reduction has independently occurred multiple times in the evolutionary history of Coleoptera and that it has been driven by a wide array of selective drivers. One of the main drivers is the improved flexibility of the uncovered abdomen and the correlated increased manoeuvrability in narrow spaces, as well as the option of using the flexible abdomen as a steering organ or to facilitate mating. Another common driver is mimicry, where exposed metathoracic wings potentially improve the overall similarity to hymenopteran models. Exposure of the abdomen can facilitate the targeted release of defensive abdominal gland secretions and was most likely a crucial step towards establishing relations with social insects enhanced by chemical communication. In the Elateriformia, and rarely in other lineages, elytral loss is a consequence of paedomorphosis, related to a specific resource-allocation strategy. In many groups of beetles with reduced elytra, alternative defensive strategies can be found. This includes, for instance, aposematic coloration, chemical defence, mimicry or bioluminescence. Direct drivers of elytral loss in many groups remain unclear, and more studies are needed to understand the evolutionary background and implications of this significant morphological modification in Coleoptera.

将前翅转化为硬质化的保护罩(后翅)被认为是鞘翅目这一巨型物种的基本进化创新。令人惊讶的是,这些多功能结构在许多远缘的甲虫类群中都有所减少。这种变化的模式、驱动因素和对进化的影响从未被全面讨论过。在本研究中,我们对整个鞘翅目进行了调查,分析了鞘翅缩短和缺失的模式,特别关注了这一显著偏离鞘翅目地表的现象的发生率、形式、减少程度和功能背景。我们的分析表明,在所有现存物种中,约有 20% 的物种(442,275 种物种中约有 88,000 种)具有缩短甚至消失的叶柄,这些物种分布在所有四个亚目中。在多形目蝶形目(Elateriformia)和蝶形目(Staphyliniformia)中,蜕皮消失的现象更为常见。此外,我们发现在鞘翅目的进化史上,蜕片的减少曾多次独立发生,而且是由一系列选择性驱动因素造成的。其中一个主要驱动因素是无盖腹部的灵活性提高,在狭窄空间中的可操作性也相应提高,还可以选择将灵活的腹部用作转向器官或促进交配。另一个常见的驱动因素是拟态,暴露的胸侧翅有可能提高与膜翅目昆虫模型的整体相似性。暴露腹部有助于有针对性地释放防御性腹腺分泌物,这很可能是与社会性昆虫建立关系的关键步骤,通过化学交流可增强这种关系。在蝶形目中,鳞片脱落是蝶蛹变态的结果,与特定的资源分配策略有关,在其他类群中很少见。在许多蜕皮甲虫类群中,可以找到替代性防御策略。例如,这包括歉色、化学防御、拟态或生物发光。许多类群蜕皮的直接原因尚不清楚,需要更多的研究来了解鞘翅目昆虫这一重要形态变化的进化背景和影响。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic data reveal new species and the limits of mtDNA barcode diagnostics to contain a global pest species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) 基因组数据揭示了新物种和mtDNA条形码诊断包含全球害虫物种复合体的局限性(双翅目:蝗科:蝗科)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12616
Camiel Doorenweerd, Michael San Jose, Scott Geib, Norman Barr, Daniel Rubinoff

The Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a global pest that can decimate regional fruit industries and elicit international quarantines, has been the subject of considerable taxonomic confusion. Previous phylogenetic work revealed that B. dorsalis is part of a monophyletic clade containing 12 species. We present restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) genomic data for 2,292 specimens, which unequivocally supports the delimitation of two new species, here described as Bactrocera borneoensis sp. n. Doorenweerd & San Jose and B. incognita sp. n. Doorenweerd & San Jose. We additionally obtained 1,985 Cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) sequences for a subset of the specimens to see which species can be diagnosed with this mtDNA marker and conclude that B. dorsalis, B. incognita, B. carambolae Drew & Hancock, B. raiensis Drew & Hancock, B. occipitalis (Bezzi) and B. kandiensis Drew & Hancock cannot be identified reliably using COI due to introgression—but the newly described species B. borneoensis can be identified using COI. The supposed innocuous species B. raiensis distribution is underestimated in Asia and Africa. Bactrocera kandiensis COI genotypes occur in African flies, but RAD-seq data confirm that these are B. dorsalis with introgressed B. kandiensis COI. The phylogenomic dataset brings new light to the extent of the B. dorsalis s.l. clade and the morphological and molecular confusion based on COI. This will have ramifications for ecological data—including host and distribution ranges—associated with B. dorsalis s.l. clade species, pest identification protocols and our understanding of the economic importance of the various species in the clade.

东方果蝇背小实蝇(Hendel)是一种全球性害虫,可以摧毁地区水果产业并引发国际隔离,一直是相当大的分类混乱的主题。以前的系统发育工作表明,背孢芽孢杆菌是包含12种的单系分支的一部分。我们提供了2292个标本的限制性内切位点相关DNA测序(RAD-seq)基因组数据,明确支持两个新物种的划分,这里描述为小实蝇(Bactrocera borneensis sp. n. Doorenweerd &圣何塞和B. incognita sp. n. Doorenweerd &圣何塞。我们还获得了1985个细胞色素C氧化酶I (COI)序列,以确定哪些物种可以被诊断为这种mtDNA标记,并得出结论:B. dorsalis, B. incognita, B. carambolae Drew &汉考克,B. raiensis Drew &;汉考克,B. occipitalis (Bezzi)和B. kandiensis Drew &由于基因渐渗,不能用COI可靠地鉴定汉考克,但新描述的B. borneoensis可以用COI鉴定。在亚洲和非洲,被认为是无害物种的白桦的分布被低估了。非洲蝇中存在坎地小实蝇COI基因型,但ad -seq数据证实,这些是带有坎地小实蝇COI基因渐入的背小实蝇。系统基因组学数据的建立使我们对dorsalis s.l的进化分支的范围和基于COI的形态和分子混淆有了新的认识。这将对生态数据产生影响,包括寄主和分布范围,与背salis s.l分支物种,害虫鉴定协议和我们对该分支中各种物种的经济重要性的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Hiding in plain sight: Phylogenomics reveals a new branch on the Noctuoidea tree of life 隐藏在众目睽睽之下系统发生组学揭示了夜蛾科生命树上的一个新分支
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12614
Ryan A. St Laurent, Paul Z. Goldstein, Scott E. Miller, Robert K. Robbins

We analyse anchored hybrid enrichment data from densely sampled tribes and subfamilies of Notodontidae (Prominent Moths). Notodontidae are monophyletic except for an assemblage of genera related to Thacona Walker (=Scrancia Holland), which had been recognized at either the tribal or subfamilial rank within Notodontidae. We elevate and re-describe Scranciidae stat. nov. as a family distinct from the six currently recognized noctuoid families (Noctuidae, Erebidae, Euteliidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae and Oenosandridae). Scranciidae include 22 genera comprising approximately 100 species—distributed in Africa, Asia and Australia. We re-interpret morphological synapomorphies previously proposed for Notodontidae (including Scranciidae) and for the trifid Noctuoidea more broadly. Deep-level relationships within Noctuoidea are not well resolved outside the clade comprising the four quadrifid families (Noctuidae, Erebidae, Euteliidae and Nolidae). The phylogenetic position of Scranciidae relative to Notodontidae, Oenosandridae and the quadrifids varied markedly depending on data type (amino acid vs. nucleotide) and analytical framework (maximum likelihood, multi-species coalescent and parsimony). We discuss the possible roles of missing data and short branch lengths in resolving the placement of Scranciidae. In the topology best supported by the most available data, Scranciidae are sister to the remaining Noctuoidea, highlighting their phylogenetic significance. We provide a provisional list of the genera included in Scranciidae.

我们分析了取样密集的飞蛾科(Notodontidae)部落和亚科的锚定杂交富集数据。除了与 Thacona Walker(=Scrancia Holland)有关的一个属的集合之外,Notodontidae 是单系的。我们将 Scranciidae 升格并重新描述为一个科,与目前公认的 6 个夜蛾科(Noctuidae、Erebidae、Euteliidae、Nolidae、Notodontidae 和 Oenosandridae)不同。Scranciidae 包括 22 属,约 100 种,分布于非洲、亚洲和澳大利亚。我们重新解释了之前提出的Notodontidae(包括Scranciidae)和更广义的三叉Noctuoidea的形态学同形异构。Noctuoidea内部的深层关系在由四个四裂科(Noctuidae、Erebidae、Euteliidae和Nolidae)组成的支系之外并没有得到很好的解决。根据数据类型(氨基酸与核苷酸)和分析框架(最大似然法、多物种聚合法和解析法)的不同,Scranciidae相对于Notodontidae、Oenosandridae和四叉科的系统发生位置也有明显差异。我们讨论了缺失数据和短分支长度在确定 Scranciidae 的位置时可能发挥的作用。在现有数据最能支持的拓扑结构中,Scranciidae 是其余 Noctuoidea 的姊妹,这突显了它们在系统发育上的重要性。我们提供了一份包含在 Scranciidae 中的属的临时列表。
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引用次数: 0
Understudied regions and messy taxonomy: Geography, not taxonomy, is the best predictor for genetic divergence of the Poecilimon bosphoricus species group 研究不足的地区和混乱的分类:地理而非分类学是预测 Poecilimon bosphoricus 物种群遗传分化的最佳指标
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12615
Battal Çıplak, Özgül Yahyaoğlu, Onur Uluar, L. Lacey Knowles

The complex and dynamic history of the Anatolian Peninsula during the Pleistocene set the stage for species diversification. However, the evolutionary history of biodiversity in the region is shrouded by the challenges of studying species divergence in the recent, dynamic past. Here, we study the Poecilimon bosphoricus (PB) species group to understand how the bush crickets' diversification and the regions' complex history are coupled. Specifically, using sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene segments from over 500 individuals for a comprehensive set of taxa with extensive geographic sampling, we infer the phylogenetic and geographic setting of species divergence. In addition, we use the molecular data to examine hypothesized species boundaries that were defined morphologically. Our analyses of the timing of divergence confirm the recent origin of the PB complex, indicating its diversification coincided with the dynamic geology and climate of the Pleistocene. Moreover, the geography of divergence suggests a history of fragmentation followed by admixture of populations, suggestive of a ring species. However, the evolutionary history based on genetic divergence conflicts with morphologically defined species boundaries raising the prospects that incipient species divergences may be relatively ephemeral. As such, the morphological differences observed in the PB complex may not to be sufficient to have prevented homogenizing gene flow in the past. Alternatively, with the recent origin of the complex, the lack of time for lineage sorting may underlie the discord between morphological species boundaries and genetic differentiation. Under either hypothesis, geography—not taxonomy—is the best predictor of genetic divergence.

安纳托利亚半岛在更新世期间复杂多变的历史为物种多样化奠定了基础。然而,该地区生物多样性的进化史却被研究近代动态历史中物种分化的挑战所掩盖。在这里,我们研究了Poecilimon bosphoricus(PB)物种群,以了解丛林蟋蟀的物种多样化与该地区复杂的历史是如何结合在一起的。具体来说,我们利用来自 500 多个个体的两个线粒体基因片段和两个核基因片段的序列,通过广泛的地理取样,对物种分化的系统发育和地理环境进行了推断。此外,我们还利用分子数据研究了从形态学角度界定的假定物种边界。我们对物种分化时间的分析证实了 PB 复合体起源于近期,表明其分化与更新世的动态地质和气候相吻合。此外,分化的地理位置表明,其种群经历了先破碎后混杂的历史,这表明它是一个环状物种。然而,基于遗传分化的进化史与形态学上确定的物种边界相冲突,这就使得物种分化的萌芽可能相对短暂。因此,在 PB 复合体中观察到的形态差异可能不足以阻止过去的同源基因流动。或者,由于该复合体起源较晚,缺乏进行世系分类的时间,这可能是形态上的物种边界与遗传分化不一致的原因。无论是哪种假设,地理而非分类学都是预测基因分化的最佳指标。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogenomics improves the phylogenetic resolution and provides strong evidence of mito-nuclear discordance in two genera of a New Zealand cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) species radiation 系统发生组学提高了系统发生分辨率,并提供了新西兰蝉(半翅目:蝉科)物种辐射中两个属的有丝分裂-核不一致性的有力证据
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12613
Mark Stukel, Alexandra E. Porczak, Eric R. L. Gordon, Jason Vailionis, Diler Haji, Thomas R. Buckley, Alan R. Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Chris Simon

Rapid species radiations present difficulties for phylogenetic reconstruction due to lack of phylogenetic information and processes such as deep coalescence/incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. Phylogenomic data can overcome some of these difficulties. In this study, we use anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) nuclear phylogenomic data and mitochondrial genomes recovered from AHE bycatch with several concatenated and coalescent approaches to reconstruct the poorly resolved radiation of the New Zealand cicada species in the genera Kikihia Dugdale and Maoricicada Dugdale. Compared with previous studies using only three to five Sanger-sequenced genes, we find increased resolution across our phylogenies, but several branches remain unresolved due to topological conflict among genes. Some nodes that are strongly supported by traditional support measures like bootstraps and posterior probabilities still show significant gene and site concordance conflict. In addition, we find strong mito-nuclear discordance; likely the result of interspecific hybridization events in the evolutionary history of Kikihia and Maoricicada.

由于缺乏系统发育信息以及深度凝聚/不完全系分类和杂交等过程,快速物种辐射给系统发育重建带来了困难。系统发生组数据可以克服其中一些困难。在本研究中,我们利用锚定杂交富集(AHE)核系统发生组数据和从 AHE 副渔获物中回收的线粒体基因组,并采用几种连接和聚合方法,重建了新西兰蝉属 Kikihia Dugdale 和 Maoricicada Dugdale 的辐射解析度较低的蝉种。与之前仅使用三到五个桑格测序基因的研究相比,我们发现我们的系统发生的分辨率有所提高,但由于基因间的拓扑冲突,一些分支仍未得到解决。一些通过传统支持度量(如引导和后验概率)得到强有力支持的节点仍然显示出明显的基因和位点一致性冲突。此外,我们还发现了强烈的有丝分裂-核分裂不一致现象;这可能是 Kikihia 和 Maoricicada 进化史中种间杂交事件的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogenetics, historical biogeography and molecular species delimitation of Chanohirata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Penthimiini) Chanohirata 的系统发育、历史生物地理学和分子物种划分(半翅目:蝉科:Deltocephalinae:Penthimiini)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12612
Dongming Wang, Christopher H. Dietrich, Yalin Zhang

The genus Chanohirata Hayashi & Machida, including the herein synonymized monotypic genus Reticuluma Cheng & Li, is the second most speciose genus in the tribe Penthimiini after Penthimia Germar and is almost exclusively endemic to China. This study presents the first phylogeny of Chanohirata based on three mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II and 16S ribosomal RNA) and one nuclear fragment (28S ribosomal RNA). Reticuluma syn. n. is recovered nested within Chanohirata with strong support. Reticuluma is, therefore, proposed as a junior synonym of Chanohirata, and a new combination is proposed: Chanohirata citrana (Cheng & Li) comb. n. Molecular species delimitation analyses were conducted by combining six molecular delimitation methods with morphological evidence. The results of the species delimitation analyses confirm the status of eight described species of Chanohirata and support the recognition of three new species: Chanohirata cornicula Wang & Zhang sp. n., Chanohirata elongata Wang & Zhang sp. n. and Chanohirata serrata Wang & Zhang sp. n. Molecular dating and biogeographic analyses suggest that Chanohirata likely originated during the late Eocene in southern China. During the late Miocene to early Pleistocene, the uplift of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau and climatic oscillations probably triggered several dispersal and vicariance events in Chanohirata lineages, leading to most speciation events.

Chanohirata Hayashi & Machida属,包括在此同义的单型属Reticuluma Cheng & Li,是仅次于Penthimia Germar的Penthimiini族中物种第二多的属,几乎完全为中国特有。本研究基于三个线粒体标记(细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I 和 II 以及 16S 核糖体 RNA)和一个核片段(28S 核糖体 RNA),首次提出了 Chanohirata 的系统发生。Reticuluma syn. n. 在 Chanohirata 中的嵌套得到了有力的支持。因此,建议将 Reticuluma 作为 Chanohirata 的低级异名,并提出一个新的组合:结合六种分子定界方法和形态学证据,进行了分子物种定界分析。物种定界分析的结果确认了 8 个已描述的 Chanohirata 种的地位,并支持确认 3 个新种:分子年代学和生物地理学分析表明,Chanohirata 很可能起源于中国南方的始新世晚期。在中新世晚期至更新世早期,喜马拉雅山和青藏高原的隆起以及气候振荡可能引发了Chanohirata种系的多次扩散和沧海桑田事件,导致了大多数物种的分化。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogenetic reconstruction of Corydioidea (Dictyoptera: Blattodea) provides new insights on the placement of Latindiinae and supports the proposal of the new subfamily Ctenoneurinae 蝶形目(双翅目:蜚蠊科)的系统发育重建为 Latindiinae 的定位提供了新的见解,并支持了 Ctenoneurinae 新亚科的提议
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12610
Wei Han, Lu Qiu, Jiawei Zhang, Zongqing Wang, Yanli Che

Representatives of the cockroach superfamily Corydioidea are less sampled than members of the two other cockroach superfamilies (Blaberoidea and Blattoidea) due to the difficulty of collecting them in the field, accentuated by a general lack of knowledge on their biology. Their evolutionary relationships have not yet been investigated with a relevant sampling and are therefore poorly known. Here, we assess the phylogenetic relationships of 35 Corydioidea species with mitochondrial genomes and two nuclear gene fragments. Our sampling for Corydiidae comprises Corydiinae and Euthyrrhaphinae representatives, whereas our sampling for the remaining Corydioidea includes species belonging to genera Beybienkonus Qiu, Wang and Che, Compsodes Hebard, Ctenoneura Hanitsch and Nocticola Bolívar. We further infer their divergence times with molecular dating analyses relying on five fossil calibrations. We also carry out reconstructions of ancestral character states for 11 phenotypic and one biological traits. Our results recover two major Corydioidea clades, one consisting solely of Corydiidae (except Latindiinae) and the other of all remaining Corydioidea taxa. Based on the results of phylogenetic analyses, an updated classification of extant Corydioidea is proposed, where Latindiinae Handlirsch stat.rev. and Ctenoneurinae Qiu and Che, subfam.nov. are assigned to the family Nocticolidae Bolívar sensu nov. A new genus Pseudoeupolyphaga Qiu and Che, gen.nov. is also established within Corydiinae. Both the origin of crown Corydioidea and the divergence of the two major lineages are estimated to have occurred during the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Ancestral character state reconstruction analyses also suggest an adaptive relationship between phenotypic characteristics and habitat preferences.

与其他两个蟑螂超科(Blaberoidea 和 Blattoidea)的成员相比,蜚蠊超科(Corydioidea)的代表蟑螂取样较少,这是因为在野外采集它们很困难,而且对它们的生物学知识普遍缺乏了解。它们的进化关系尚未通过相关取样进行研究,因此知之甚少。在此,我们利用线粒体基因组和两个核基因片段评估了 35 个堇菜科物种的系统发育关系。我们对堇菜科(Corydiidae)的取样包括堇菜科(Corydiinae)和堇菜属(Euthyrrhaphinae)的代表物种,而我们对其余堇菜科(Corydioidea)的取样包括属于Beybienkonus Qiu、Wang和Che属,Compsodes Hebard属,Ctenoneura Hanitsch属和Nocticola Bolívar属的物种。我们根据五种化石的校准,通过分子测年分析进一步推断了它们的分化时间。我们还重建了 11 种表型特征和 1 种生物特征的祖先特征状态。我们的研究结果发现了两个主要的 Corydioidea 支系,一个支系仅由 Corydiidae(Latindiinae 除外)组成,另一个支系则由所有剩余的 Corydioidea 类群组成。根据系统发育分析的结果,提出了现存 Corydioidea 的最新分类,其中 Latindiinae Handlirsch stat.rev. 和 Ctenoneurinae Qiu and Che, subfam.nov. 被归入 Nocticolidae Bolívar sensu nov.科。新属 Pseudoeupolyphaga Qiu and Che,gen.nov. 也在 Corydiinae 内建立。据估计,冠毛目(Corydioidea)的起源和两大支系的分化都发生在三叠纪-侏罗纪边界。祖先特征状态重建分析也表明了表型特征与生境偏好之间的适应关系。
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引用次数: 0
Anchored phylogenomics and revised classification of the Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Miltogramminae(双翅目:猿科)的锚定系统发生组学和修订分类
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12609
Nikolas P. Johnston, Thomas Pape, Marcin Piwczyński, James F. Wallman, Brian M. Wiegmann, Brian K. Cassel, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Krzysztof Szpila

The Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) includes ~600 species across >40 genera, which constitute ~20% of global Sarcophagidae. While molecular phylogenetic hypotheses have been produced for this group, critical problems persist, including the presence of paraphyletic genera, uncertain relationships between genera, a bias of sampling towards Palaearctic taxa, and low support for many branches. The present study remedies these issues through the application of Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) to a sample including ~60% of the currently recognised genera (16% of known species) representing all biogeographic regions except the Neotropical. An alignment of 1,281 concatenated loci was analysed with maximum likelihood (RAxML, IQ-TREE), Bayesian inference (ExaBayes) and coalescent-based approaches (ASTRAL, SVDquartets), which resulted in highly supported and concordant topologies, providing unprecedented insight into the relationships of this subfamily of flesh flies, allowing a major update to miltogrammine classification. The AHE phylogenetic hypothesis supports the monophyly of a large proportion of genera. The monophyly of Metopia Meigen is restored by synonymy with Aenigmetopia Malloch, syn.n. To achieve monophyly of Miltogramma Meigen, eight species are transferred from Pterella Robineau-Desvoidy. The genus Pterella is shown to be paraphyletic in its current circumscription, and to restore generic monophyly Pterella is restricted to contain only Pt. grisea (Meigen). Erioprocta Enderlein, stat.rev., is resurrected. The genus Senotainia Macquart is reconstructed as paraphyletic. The monotypic genus Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm is synonymised with Taxigramma Macquart, syn.n. In light of our phylogenetic hypotheses, a new Miltogramminae tribal classification is proposed, composed of six tribes.

Miltogramminae(双翅目: Sarcophagidae)包括 40 个属的约 600 个物种,占全球 Sarcophagidae 的约 20%。虽然已经对该类群提出了分子系统发育假说,但关键问题依然存在,包括存在旁支属、属间关系不确定、采样偏向古北区类群以及许多分支的支持率较低。本研究通过应用锚定杂交富集(AHE)技术,对代表除新热带地区以外所有生物地理区域的约 60% 的目前已确认属(16% 的已知物种)进行取样,解决了这些问题。利用最大似然法(RAxML、IQ-TREE)、贝叶斯推断法(ExaBayes)和基于聚合的方法(ASTRAL、SVDquartets)对 1,281 个连接位点的排列进行了分析,得出了高度支持和一致的拓扑结构,为深入了解肉蝇亚科的关系提供了前所未有的视角,从而对小米蝇的分类进行了重大更新。AHE 系统发育假说支持大部分属的单系性。Metopia Meigen 的单系性通过与 Aenigmetopia Malloch,syn.n.的同义关系得以恢复。为了实现 Miltogramma Meigen 的单系性,从 Pterella Robineau-Desvoidy 转来了 8 个种。Pterella 属在目前的圈定中被证明为旁系,为了恢复属的单系性,Pterella 属被限制为只包含 Pt. Grisea (Meigen)。Erioprocta Enderlein, stat.rev. 被恢复。Senotainia Macquart 属被重建为旁系。单型属 Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm 与 Taxigramma Macquart 同义。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogenomic analysis of protein-coding genes resolves complex gall wasp relationships 蛋白质编码基因的系统进化分析解析了复杂的五倍子蜂关系
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12611
Jack Hearn, Erik Gobbo, José Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Antoine Branca, James A. Nicholls, Georgios Koutsovoulos, Nicolas Lartillot, Graham N. Stone, Fredrik Ronquist

Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) comprise 13 distinct tribes whose interrelationships remain incompletely understood. Recent analyses of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) represent the first attempt at resolving these relationships using phylogenomics. Here, we present the first analysis based on protein-coding sequences from genome and transcriptome assemblies. Unlike UCEs, these data allow more sophisticated substitution models, which can potentially resolve issues with long-branch attraction. We include data for 37 cynipoid species, including two tribes missing in the UCE analysis: Aylacini (s. str.) and Qwaqwaiini. Our results confirm the UCE result that Cynipidae are not monophyletic. Specifically, the Paraulacini and Diplolepidini + Pediaspidini fall outside a core clade (Cynipidae s. str.), which is more closely related to the insect-parasitic Figitidae, and this result is robust to the exclusion of long-branch taxa that could mislead the analysis. Given this, we here divide the Cynipidae into three families: the Paraulacidae stat. prom., Diplolepididae stat. prom. and Cynipidae (s. str.). Our results suggest that the Eschatocerini are the sister group of the remaining Cynipidae (s. str.). Within the Cynipidae (s. str.), the Aylacini (s. str.) are more closely related to oak gall wasps (Cynipini) and some of their inquilines (Ceroptresini) than to other herb gallers (Aulacideini and Phanacidini), and the Qwaqwaiini likely form a clade together with Synergini (s. str.) and Rhoophilini. Several alternative scenarios for the evolution of cynipid life histories are compatible with the relationships suggested by our analysis, but all are complex and require multiple shifts among parasitoids, inquilines and gall inducers.

瘿蜂(膜翅目:瘿蜂科)由 13 个不同的支系组成,它们之间的相互关系仍然不完全清楚。最近对超保守元素(UCEs)的分析是利用系统发生组学解决这些关系的首次尝试。在这里,我们首次基于基因组和转录组组装的蛋白质编码序列进行了分析。与 UCE 不同,这些数据可以建立更复杂的替代模型,从而有可能解决长分支吸引的问题。我们纳入了 37 个犬齿目物种的数据,其中包括两个在 UCE 分析中缺失的部族:Aylacini (s. str.) 和 Qwaqwaiini。我们的结果证实了 UCE 的结果,即鲤形目(Cynipidae)不是单系的。具体地说,Paraulacini 和 Diplolepidini + Pediaspidini 位于核心支系(Cynipidae s. str.)之外,与昆虫寄生的 Figitidae 关系更为密切。有鉴于此,我们在此将鲤科(Cynipidae)分为三科:Paraulacidae stat.我们的研究结果表明,Eschatocerini 是其余 Cynipidae(s. str.)的姊妹群。在Cynipidae(s. str.)中,Aylacini(s. str.)与橡树瘿蜂(Cynipini)及其一些内喙蜂(Ceroptresini)的亲缘关系比与其他草本瘿蜂(Aulacideini和Phanacidini)的亲缘关系更近,Qwaqwaiini可能与Synergini(s. str.)和Rhoophilini组成一个支系。鹤虱生活史进化的几种替代方案与我们的分析所提出的关系是一致的,但所有方案都很复杂,需要寄生虫、绻虫和虫瘿诱导体之间的多重转变。
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引用次数: 0
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Systematic Entomology
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