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Phylogeny, biogeography and classification of Teletisoptera (Blattaria: Isoptera) Teletisoptera的系统发育、生物地理学和分类(蜚蠊目:等翅目)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12548
Menglin Wang, S. Hellemans, J. Šobotník, J. Arora, A. Buček, D. Sillam-Dussès, C. Clitheroe, Tomer Lu, N. Lo, M. Engel, Y. Roisin, T. Evans, T. Bourguignon
Termites are social cockroaches distributed throughout warm temperate and tropical ecosystems. The ancestor of modern termites roamed the earth during the early Cretaceous, suggesting that both vicariance and overseas dispersal may have shaped the distribution of early diverging termites. We investigate the historical biogeography of three early diverging termite families –Stolotermitidae, Hodotermitidae and Archotermopsidae (clade Teletisoptera) – using the nuclear rRNA genes and mitochondrial genomes of 27 samples. Our analyses confirm the monophyly of Teletisoptera, with Stolotermitidae diverging from Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae approximately 100 Ma. Although Hodotermitidae are monophyletic, our results demonstrate the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the timing of divergence among the main lineages of Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae are compatible with vicariance. In the Stolotermitidae, however, the common ancestors of modern Porotermes Hagen and Stolotermes Hagen are roughly as old as 20 and 35 Ma, respectively, indicating that the presence of these genera in South America, Africa and Australia involved over‐water dispersals. Overall, our results suggest that early diverging termite lineages acquired their current distribution through a combination of over‐water dispersals and dispersal via land bridges. We clarify the classification by resolving the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae, restricting the family to Archotermopsis Desneux and Zootermopsis Emerson and elevating Hodotermopsinae (Hodotermopsis Holmgren) as Hodotermopsidae (status novum).
白蚁是群居蟑螂,分布在暖温带和热带生态系统中。现代白蚁的祖先在白垩纪早期在地球上漫游,这表明替代性和海外传播可能塑造了早期分化白蚁的分布。我们使用27个样本的核rRNA基因和线粒体基因组,研究了三个早期分化白蚁科的历史生物地理学——白蚁科、Hodotermidae和Archotermosidae(Teletisoptera分支)。我们的分析证实了Teletisoptera的单系性,Storotermidae与Hodotermidae+Archotermosidae的分化约为100 马。虽然Hodotermidae是单系的,但我们的结果证明了Archotermosidae的副系性。系统发育分析表明,Hodotermidae+Archotermosidae主要谱系之间的分化时间与亲缘关系是一致的。然而,在盗蛛科中,现代盗蛛和盗蛛的共同祖先大约在20岁和35岁之间 Ma,表明这些属在南美洲、非洲和澳大利亚的存在涉及水上分散。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,早期分化的白蚁谱系是通过水上分散和陆桥分散的组合获得当前分布的。我们通过解决Archotermosidae的并列性,将该家族限制为Archotermpsis Desneux和Zootermopsis Emerson,并将Hodotermosinae(Hodotermosis Holmgren)提升为Hodotermisidae(status novum)来澄清分类。
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引用次数: 7
Nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA as a potential problem for phylogenetic and population genetic studies of Odonata 线粒体DNA的核拷贝是蜻蜓系统发育和群体遗传学研究的一个潜在问题
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12550
Stanislav Ožana, A. Dolný, T. Pánek
The use of mitochondrial markers for taxonomic identification and biodiversity monitoring is not without risks or limitations. Most importantly, the natural transfer of DNA from the mitochondria to the nucleus generates nonfunctional nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs). Their abundance and size vary significantly among taxa, and NUMTs have been reported to complicate molecular studies based on mitochondrial markers in several insect orders, most prominently in Orthoptera. The significance of this phenomenon in Odonata has not yet been properly addressed. Here, we present a complete mitochondrial genome and a draft nuclear genome of Leucorrhinia albifrons (Odonata: Libellulidae), as well as NUMT and cox1 sequences from the related species Leucorrhinia dubia. We document the presence of NUMTs in the L. albifrons nuclear genome and in nuclear genomes of two other Odonata species available in public databases. Our results show that NUMTs can have a serious impact on barcoding, phylogenetic, population and phylogeographic studies of Odonata, especially when the barcode is located in the cox1 gene, the most frequently used molecular marker for Odonata. We suggest that nad1 should be used alone or in combination with cox1 to minimize unintended confusion with NUMTs. Finally, we present a mitophylogenomic analysis of Odonata and document several cases of misidentified mitochondrial genomes belonging to species different from those indicated in public databases. In conclusion, our findings represent an important step for future metabarcoding studies of Odonata based on mitochondrial DNA markers.
使用线粒体标记进行分类鉴定和生物多样性监测并非没有风险或局限性。最重要的是,DNA从线粒体自然转移到细胞核会产生线粒体DNA的无功能细胞核拷贝(NUMT)。它们的丰度和大小在不同的分类群中差异很大,据报道,NUMT使基于线粒体标记的分子研究复杂化,在直翅目中最为突出。这种现象在蜻蜓中的重要性尚未得到适当的解决。在这里,我们展示了白鳍豚(Odonata:Libellulidae)的完整线粒体基因组和核基因组草案,以及相关物种白鳍豚的NUMT和cox1序列。我们记录了在L.albifrons核基因组和公共数据库中可用的另外两个Ododata物种的核基因组中存在NUMT。我们的研究结果表明,NUMTs可以对Ododata的条形码、系统发育、种群和系统地理学研究产生严重影响,尤其是当条形码位于最常用的Ododata分子标记cox1基因时。我们建议nad1应单独使用或与cox1联合使用,以尽量减少与NUMT的意外混淆。最后,我们对Ododata进行了线粒体系统发育分析,并记录了几例线粒体基因组被错误识别的案例,这些基因组属于与公共数据库中显示的不同的物种。总之,我们的发现为未来基于线粒体DNA标记的Ododa代谢编码研究迈出了重要一步。
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引用次数: 6
From modern to classic: Classification of the planthopper family Issidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea) derived from a total‐evidence phylogeny 从现代到经典:飞虱科(半翅目,飞虱科,飞虱科)的全证据系统发育分类
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12546
V. Gnezdilov, F. Konstantinov, A. Namyatova
The Issidae are highly diverse in terms of morphology and species richness. Despite recent efforts, the internal phylogeny and classification of this planthopper family remain controversial. Here, we present a phylogeny of the family inferred with Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses of a nine‐gene molecular dataset (4702 bp) and morphological data (35 characters) across a broad sample of taxa (99 terminals). Based on these results, we verify the taxonomic status of the issid subfamilies, tribes and generic complexes. Results revealed a well‐supported basal dichotomy of the family into two clades, corresponding to the subfamilies Issinae and Hysteropterinae. Within Issinae, the tribes Issini, Thioniini, Sarimini, Hemisphaeriini, Parahiraciini and Kodaianellini were recovered with high support. Four strongly statistically supported clades were revealed within the subfamily Hysteropterinae, but we refrain from taxonomic decisions in the absence of morphological characters to diagnose the clades A–C. Interestingly, the obtained results are in good agreement with L. Melichar's view on Issidae classification suggested more than a century ago. Our results challenge an early Cretaceous origin of the Issidae and the basal split of the family between Neotropical taxa (Thioniini) and the remaining issids.
伊萨科在形态和物种丰富度方面高度多样化。尽管最近做出了努力,但这个稻飞虱科的内部系统发育和分类仍然存在争议。在这里,我们介绍了通过贝叶斯和九基因分子数据集的最大似然分析推断的该家族的系统发育(4702 bp)和形态数据(35个性状)。基于这些结果,我们验证了issid亚科、部落和属群的分类地位。结果显示,该科基本上分为两个支,分别对应于Issinae和Hysteropterinae亚科。在Issinae内部,Issini、Thioniini、Sarimini、Hemisphaeriini、Parahiraciini和Kodaianelini部落在高度支持下被收复。在Hysteropterinae亚科中发现了四个有统计学支持的分支,但在缺乏形态学特征的情况下,我们避免进行分类决策来诊断分支A–C。有趣的是,所获得的结果与一个多世纪前L.Melichar关于伊萨科分类的观点非常一致。我们的研究结果挑战了伊萨科白垩纪早期的起源,以及该科在新热带分类群(Thioniini)和其余伊萨科之间的基础分裂。
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引用次数: 13
Multigene phylogeny of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae) reveals extensive polyphyly of the tribe Lyttini and allows redefining its boundaries 水泡甲虫(鞘翅目、甜瓜科)的多基因系统发育揭示了Lyttini部落广泛的多系性,并允许重新定义其边界
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12547
A. Riccieri, E. Mancini, M. Pitzalis, D. Salvi, M. Bologna
Meloidae is a beetle family with about 3000 species divided into three subfamilies and 16 tribes. Included is the tribe Lyttini containing 33 genera and about 400 species. However, the boundaries of Lyttini have proved hard to define since the systematics of this tribe have repeatedly changed. In this study, we investigated the phylogeny of Lyttini and tested for its monophyly based on a comprehensive molecular dataset of mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (CAD and 28S) genes including 57 genera and 385 species representing most of the tribes of Meloidae. Further phylogenetic analyses were performed on a reduced taxon set (51 genera and 135 species covering 60% of the generic diversity of Lyttini) in order to maximize the number of loci and minimize missing data. Phylogenetic results strongly supported the monophyly of most of the tribes of the subfamily Meloinae, apart from Lyttini, which is split into 11 phylogenetically distinct lineages scattered throughout the tree. Based on these results, we restrict the tribe Lyttini to the genera Alosimus Mulsant, Lydus Dejan, Lytta Fabricius, Muzimes Mulsant & Rey and Oenas Latreille, all exclusive to the Holarctic region. The relationships among the remaining genera previously included in Lyttini and the other 10 lineages representing ‘non‐Lyttini’ tribes remain to be clarified. This study also provides a number of nomenclatural acts [including Pseudolytta n. stat.; Lytta (Taurilytta) n. subgen.; Lytta (Teratolytta) n.stat.; Mimovesperus resurrected; Denierella = Epicauta n.syn.; Psalydolytta = Epicauta n. syn.] and working hypotheses for future investigations on the systematics of Meloidae.
虫科是一个甲虫科,约有3000种,分为3个亚科和16个部落。包括Lyttini部落,包含33属,约400种。然而,由于这个部落的系统分类不断变化,Lyttini的边界很难界定。基于线粒体(COI和16S)和细胞核(CAD和28S)基因的综合分子数据集,对Lyttini的系统发育进行了研究,并对其单系性进行了检验,其中包括57属385种,代表了Meloidae的大多数部落。为了最大限度地增加基因座数量和减少缺失数据,我们对一个简化的分类群(51属135种,占Lyttini属多样性的60%)进行了进一步的系统发育分析。系统发育结果有力地支持了Meloinae亚科大多数部落的单系性,除了Lyttini,它被分成11个系统发育上不同的谱系,分散在整个树中。基于这些结果,我们将Lyttini部落限制在Alosimus Mulsant, Lydus Dejan, Lytta Fabricius, Muzimes Mulsant & Rey和Oenas Latreille属,这些都是Holarctic地区独有的。先前包括在Lyttini中的其余属与代表“非Lyttini”部落的其他10个谱系之间的关系仍有待澄清。这项研究还提供了一些命名行为[包括假吕塔n. stat.;利塔(塔利塔)n.亚根;利塔(塔);Mimovesperus复活;Denierella = Epicauta n.;《诗篇》[译]及对未来旋律科分类学研究的工作假设。
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引用次数: 9
Phylogenomics of the Aphididae: Deep relationships between subfamilies clouded by gene tree discordance, introgression and the gene tree anomaly zone 蚜虫科的系统基因组学:被基因树不一致、基因渗入和基因树异常区遮蔽的亚科之间的深层关系
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12542
Christopher L. Owen, Gary L. Miller

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are a lineage of ~5200 plant-feeding insects most abundant in temperate regions. The diversification of aphids is thought to be a rapid radiation, whereas abiotic and biotic factors heavily influence the morphologies. These factors have clouded the taxonomy at all taxonomic ranks, and the effect can be viewed in many incongruent molecular and morphological phylogenies. In this study, we address this problem using both genome and transcriptome data to estimate the phylogenomic relationships between 12 subfamilies with 48 ingroup taxa. We predicted a novel well-curated dataset of phylogenetically consistent orthologues that included 3162 genes to estimate a concatenated maximum likelihood and multi-species coalescent species trees. Our results suggest that there are three main clades of Aphididae subfamilies, which are congruent with a previous Sanger sequencing-based phylogenetic study. However, the relationship between the three clades of subfamilies is clouded by gene tree discordance, introgression and parent–child branches along the backbone that fall within the gene tree anomaly zone. In addition, our results suggest an introgression event between two agriculturally important species of aphids within the subfamily Aphidinae. Our research provides the first phylogenomic study of the Aphididae subfamilies and a foundation for future molecular and morphological studies into this adaptive radiation of insects.

蚜虫(半翅目:蚜虫科)是一种约5200种植物食性昆虫,主要分布在温带地区。蚜虫的多样化被认为是一种快速辐射,而非生物和生物因素对蚜虫的形态有很大影响。这些因素影响了所有分类等级的分类,并在许多不一致的分子和形态系统发生中可以看到这种影响。在这项研究中,我们利用基因组和转录组数据来估计12个亚科与48个群内分类群之间的系统基因组关系。我们预测了一个新的精心策划的数据集,其中包括3162个基因,用于估计串联的最大似然和多物种聚结的物种树。我们的研究结果表明,蚜虫亚科有三个主要分支,这与先前基于Sanger测序的系统发育研究是一致的。然而,由于基因树不一致、基因渗入和位于基因树异常区的骨干上的亲子分支,亚家族的三个分支之间的关系模糊不清。此外,我们的研究结果表明,在蚜虫亚科中,两种重要的农业蚜虫物种之间存在渗入事件。我们的研究为蚜虫亚科的首次系统发育研究提供了基础,并为未来昆虫适应辐射的分子和形态学研究奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 5
Machine learning for expert-level image-based identification of very similar species in the hyperdiverse plant bug family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) 基于专家级图像的高度多样化植物昆虫科Miridae非常相似物种识别的机器学习(半翅目:异翅目)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12543
Alexander Popkov, Fedor Konstantinov, Vladimir Neimorovets, Alexey Solodovnikov

Deep learning algorithms and particularly convolutional neural networks are very successful in pattern recognition from images and are increasingly employed in biology. The development of automated systems for rapid and reliable species identification is vital for insect systematics and may revolutionize this field soon. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of a convolutional neural network to identify species based on habitus photographs with expert-level accuracy in a taxonomically challenging group where a human-based identification would require notorious genitalia dissections. Using the economically important and polymorphic plant bug genus Adelphocoris Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) as a model group, we explore the variability in the performance of 11 convolutional neural models most commonly used for image classification, test the role of class-imbalance on the model performance assessment and visualize areas of interest using three interpretation algorithms. Classification performance in our experiments with collection-based habitus photographs is high enough to identify very similar species from a large group with an expert-level accuracy. The accuracy is getting lower only in the experiments with an additional dataset of Adelphocoris and other live plant bugs photographs taken from the Web. Our article demonstrates the importance of comprehensive institutional insect collections for bringing deep learning algorithms into service for systematic entomology using affordable equipment and methods.

深度学习算法,特别是卷积神经网络在图像模式识别方面非常成功,并且越来越多地应用于生物学。开发快速可靠的物种识别自动化系统对昆虫分类学至关重要,并可能在不久的将来彻底改变这一领域。在这项研究中,我们展示了卷积神经网络在一个具有分类学挑战性的群体中以专家水平的准确性识别基于习性照片的物种的能力,其中基于人类的识别将需要臭名昭着的生殖器解剖。以具有重要经济意义和多态性的植物蝽属(Adelphocoris Reuter,异翅目:Miridae)为模型组,研究了11种最常用于图像分类的卷积神经模型性能的可变性,测试了类不平衡对模型性能评估的作用,并使用三种解释算法可视化感兴趣的区域。在我们的实验中,基于收集的习性照片的分类性能足够高,可以以专家级的精度从一个大的群体中识别出非常相似的物种。只有在使用额外的Adelphocoris数据集和其他从网上拍摄的活的植物昆虫照片进行实验时,准确性才会降低。我们的文章展示了全面的机构昆虫收集对于使用负担得起的设备和方法将深度学习算法应用于系统昆虫学的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
Integrative taxonomy solves taxonomic impasses: a case study from Epyrinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) 综合分类学解决了分类学上的僵局:以膜翅目叶蝉科叶蝉为例
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12544
Wesley D. Colombo, Carly M. Tribull, Cecilia Waichert, Celso O. Azevedo

We apply integrative taxonomy to solve a historical taxonomic impasse in a flat wasp group (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). The phylogeny of Epyrinae is inferred with parsimony analyses under equal and implied weights, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference using the nuclear markers 18S and 28S, the mitochondrial genes 16S, cytochrome oxidase subunit I and cytochrome B and 232 morphological characters. This is the first phylogenetic study to examine all 42 epyrine genera, including junior synonyms and extinct taxa, applying a combined molecular and morphological approach. This study considered 186 terminal taxa with 166 representing the ingroup taxa and 20 outgroup taxa. All resulting trees of the combined analyses recovered Anisepyris Kieffer, Aspidepyris Evans, Bakeriella Kieffer, Disepyris Kieffer, Laelius Ashmead and Trachepyris Kieffer as monophyletic; Chlorepyris Kieffer, Epyris Westwood, Formosiepyris Terayama and Holepyris Kieffer are non-monophyletic. Calyozina Enderlein is recovered as an independent lineage in implied weights, Bayesian and maximum likelihood topologies. Here, we describe three new genera and revalidate six genera, five of them junior synonyms of Epyris and one of Holepyris. In addition, we analysed the presence/absence of a sulcus between the mesoscuto-scutellar foveae and the shape of mesoscuto-scutellar foveae as the most important taxonomic characters for Epyrinae using ancestral state reconstruction. Finally, we provide a checklist of all species of Epyrinae, compiled via direct observation of the type, illustrations, or literature and an updated and illustrated taxonomic key for all epyrine genera.

我们应用综合分类学来解决一个扁平黄蜂群(膜翅目,白蜂科)的历史分类学僵局。利用核标记18S和28S、线粒体基因16S、细胞色素氧化酶亚基I和细胞色素B以及232个形态学特征,通过等权和隐含权、最大似然和贝叶斯推理,对黄蚕科的系统发育进行了简约分析。这是第一次应用分子和形态学相结合的方法对所有42个epyrine属进行系统发育研究,包括初级同义词和已灭绝的分类群。本研究共考虑了186个终端分类群,其中群内分类群166个,群外分类群20个。所有组合分析的结果树都恢复了Anisepyris Kieffer, Aspidepyris Evans, Bakeriella Kieffer, Disepyris Kieffer, Laelius Ashmead和气管pyris Kieffer为单系;Kieffer chlorrepyris, Epyris Westwood, Formosiepyris Terayama和Holepyris Kieffer是非单系的。Calyozina Enderlein被恢复为隐含权重、贝叶斯和最大似然拓扑中的独立谱系。在这里,我们描述了3个新属,并重新验证了6个属,其中5个是Epyris的初级同义词,1个是Holepyris的初级同义词。此外,我们还利用祖先状态重建分析了中脑中央窝之间是否存在沟和中脑中央窝的形状作为柱头龙最重要的分类特征。最后,我们提供了一份通过直接观察类型、插图或文献汇编的所有Epyrinae物种清单,以及所有epyrinine属的更新和插图分类键。
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引用次数: 9
Genomics-based higher classification of the species-rich hairstreaks (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) 基于基因组学的富种毛纹高级分类(鳞翅目:灰蛾科:姬蛾)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12541
Robert K. Robbins, Qian Cong, Jing Zhang, Jinhui Shen, Robert C. Busby, Christophe Faynel, Marcelo Duarte, Ananda R. P. Martins, Carlos Prieto, Gerardo Lamas, Nick V. Grishin

We propose a higher classification of the lycaenid hairstreak tribe Eumaeini – one of the youngest and most species-rich butterfly tribes – based on autosome, Lepidopteran Z sex chromosome and mitochondrial protein-coding genes. The subtribe Neolycaenina Korb is a synonym of Callophryidina Tutt and subtribe Tmolusina Bálint is a synonym of Strephonotina K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom, & Salazar. Proposed names are Rhammina Prieto & Busby, new subtribe; Timaetina Busby & Prieto, new subtribe; Atlidina Martins & Duarte, new subtribe; Evenina Faynel & Grishin, new subtribe; Jantheclina Robbins & Faynel, new subtribe; Paiwarriina Lamas & Robbins, new subtribe; Cupatheclina Lamas & Grishin, new subtribe; Parrhasiina Busby & Robbins, new subtribe; Ipideclina Martins & Grishin, new subtribe; and Trichonidina Duarte & Faynel, new subtribe. Phylogenetic results from the autosome and Z sex chromosome analyses are similar. Future analyses of datasets with hundreds of terminal taxa may be more practical time-wise by focussing on the smaller number of sex chromosome sequences (2.6% of nuclear protein-coding sequences). The phylogenetic classification and biological summaries for each subtribe suggest that a variety of factors affected Eumaeini diversification. About a dozen kinds of male secondary sexual organs with frequent evolutionary gains and losses occur in Atlidina, Evenina and Jantheclina (141 species combined). Females have been shown to use these organs to discriminate between conspecific and nonconspecific males, facilitating sympatry among close relatives. Eumaeina, Rhammina and Timaetina (140 species combined) are overwhelmingly montane with some evidence for a higher incidence of sympatric diversification. Seven Neotropical lineages in five subtribes invaded the temperate parts of the Nearctic Region with a diversification increase in the Callophryidina (262 species). North American Satyrium and Callophrys then invaded the Palearctic at least once each, with a major species-richness increase in Satyrium. The evolution of litter-feeding detritivores within Calycopidina (172 species) resulted in an increase in diversification rate compared with its flower-feeding sister lineage. Atlidina, Strephonotina, Parrhasiina and Strymonina (562 species combined) each contain a mixture of genera that specialize on one or two caterpillar food plant families and genera that are polyphagous. These would be appropriate subtribes to assess how the breadth of caterpillar food plants and the frequency of host shifts affected diversification.

基于常染色体、鳞翅目Z型性染色体和线粒体蛋白编码基因,我们提出了一个更高级的lycaenid hairstreak tribe Eumaeini——最年轻和物种最丰富的蝴蝶部落之一。Neolycaenina Korb亚族是Callophryidina Tutt的同义词,Tmolusina Bálint亚族是Strephonotina K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom, &萨拉查。建议的名字是Rhammina Prieto &巴斯比,新的分支;蒂玛蒂娜·巴斯比&;普列托,新的亚部落;阿蒂娜·马丁斯&;Duarte,新亚族;Evenina Faynel &;Grishin,新亚族;珍妮莉娜·罗宾斯&;Faynel,新分支;派瓦里纳喇嘛& &;罗宾斯,新部落;Cupatheclina Lamas &;Grishin,新亚族;巴斯比&;罗宾斯,新部落;艾德琳娜·马丁斯Grishin,新亚族;和Trichonidina Duarte &;费内尔,新部落。常染色体和Z性染色体的系统发育分析结果相似。未来对数百个终端分类群的数据集的分析可能会更实际,从时间上讲,将重点放在较少数量的性染色体序列上(2.6%的核蛋白编码序列)。各亚族的系统发育分类和生物学总结表明,多种因素影响了真马属的多样化。在Atlidina、Evenina和Jantheclina(共141种)中,有十几种雄性第二性器官存在着频繁的进化得失。雌性已经被证明使用这些器官来区分同种和非同种的雄性,促进近亲之间的同情。Eumaeina, Rhammina和Timaetina(共140种)绝大多数是山地植物,有证据表明它们的同域多样化发生率较高。5个亚部落的7个新热带谱系入侵了新北极地区的温带地区,其中Callophryidina的多样性增加(262种)。随后,北美Satyrium和Callophrys各入侵古北大陆至少一次,Satyrium的物种丰富度大幅增加。花萼科(Calycopidina)(172种)的凋落物食性动物的进化导致其多样化程度高于其花食性姐妹系。Atlidina, Strephonotina, Parrhasiina和Strymonina(共562种)每一种都包含一个混合属,专门针对一个或两个毛虫食性植物科和多食性属。这些是评估毛虫食物植物的宽度和寄主转移的频率如何影响多样化的适当亚群。
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引用次数: 6
Dense sampling of taxa and characters improves phylogenetic resolution among deltocephaline leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) 密集的分类群和特征取样提高了三角头叶蝉的系统发育分辨率(半翅目:蝉科:三角头叶蝉科)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12540
Yanghui Cao, Christopher H. Dietrich, James N. Zahniser, Dmitry A. Dmitriev

We analysed a phylogenomic dataset comprising 730 terminal taxa and >160,000 nucleotide positions obtained using anchored hybrid enrichment of genomic DNA for a sample of deltocephaline leafhoppers and outgroups. Maximum likelihood analyses of concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences as well as coalescent gene tree analysis, yielded well-resolved phylogenetic estimates that were highly congruent with most branches receiving maximum support. Some topological incongruence occurs among the trees resulting from different analyses, mainly distributed among very short branches at intermediate levels in the phylogeny, pertaining to relationships among some tribes and multi-tribe lineages restricted to particular continents. Coalescent gene tree analysis revealed extensive gene tree conflict at these nodes, suggesting that certain relationships may remain difficult to resolve consistently even with genome-scale datasets and dense taxon sampling. Ancestral character state reconstruction of feeding preference indicates that grass specialization has been acquired three or fewer times in some highly diverse but relatively derived lineages. Molecular divergence time estimation suggests that the earliest divergences in the subfamily occurred during the Cretaceous but that most modern tribes did not appear until after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary and that grass specialist lineages generally diversified and spread at the same time as grasslands were becoming widespread globally. These analyses also show a high level of global biogeographic structure, with several large lineages of primarily arboreal deltocephalines restricted to particular regions or continents and long-distance dispersal among continents occurring primarily among grass-specialist lineages. The results represent a major improvement over previous analyses of this diverse subfamily, which were based on 152 or fewer taxa and data from morphology and partial sequences of two genes.

我们分析了一个系统基因组数据集,其中包括730个终端分类群和160,000个核苷酸位置,这些数据是通过锚定杂交富集的基因组DNA获得的,用于delta - cephaline叶蝉和外群样本。对串联核苷酸和氨基酸序列的最大似然分析以及聚结基因树分析,得到了与大多数分支高度一致的系统发育估计,得到了最大的支持。由于不同的分析结果,树木之间存在一些拓扑不一致,主要分布在系统发育的中间水平的非常短的分支中,涉及某些部落和多部落谱系之间的关系,这些关系仅限于特定大陆。聚结基因树分析显示,在这些节点上存在广泛的基因树冲突,这表明即使使用基因组规模的数据集和密集的分类单元采样,某些关系可能仍然难以一致地解决。食性偏好的祖先特征状态重建表明,在一些高度多样化但相对派生的世系中,草的专门化发生了3次或更少的时间。分子分化时间估计表明,该亚科最早的分化发生在白垩纪,但大多数现代部落直到白垩纪-古近纪边界之后才出现,而草专科谱系一般是在草原在全球范围内广泛分布的同时多样化和传播的。这些分析还显示了高水平的全球生物地理结构,主要是树栖三角头鲸的几个大谱系局限于特定地区或大陆,而大陆之间的长距离传播主要发生在草专谱系中。该结果代表了对这个多样化亚家族的先前分析的重大改进,这些分析基于152或更少的分类群和来自两个基因的形态学和部分序列的数据。
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引用次数: 21
Hitchhiking into the future on a fly: Toward a better understanding of phoresy and avian louse evolution (Phthiraptera) by screening bird carcasses for phoretic lice on hippoboscid flies (Diptera) 搭乘飞机进入未来:通过筛选鸟类尸体上的马尾蝇(双翅目)上的翅虱,更好地了解翅虱和鸟虱的进化(翅翅目)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12539
Leshon Lee, David J. X. Tan, Jozef Oboňa, Daniel R. Gustafsson, Yuchen Ang, Rudolf Meier

Many phoretic relationships between arthropods are understudied because of taxonomic impediments. We here illustrate for avian lice riding on hippoboscid flies how new natural history data on phoretic relationships can be acquired quickly with modern and cost-effective barcoding techniques. Most avian lice are host-specific, but some can arrive on new hosts by hitchhiking on hippoboscid flies that feed on bird blood. Our summary of the literature yielded 254 published records which we here show to belong to two large and 13 small interaction networks for birds, flies, and lice. In order to generate new records, we developed a protocol based on screening bird carcasses sourced with the help of citizen scientists. The inspection of 131 carcasses from Singapore led to the first record of a Guimaraesiella Eichler (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) louse species riding on Ornithoica momiyamai Kishida flies collected from a pitta carcass. Phoresy may explain why this louse species is now known from three phylogenetically disparate hosts (Pitta moluccensis (Müller), Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay); Pardaliparus elegans Lesson). A second new case of phoresy enhanced a large interaction network dominated by Ornithophila metallica (Schiner), a cosmopolitan and polyphagous hippoboscid fly species. Overall, we argue that many two- and three-way phoretic relationships between arthropods (e.g., mites, pseudoscorpions, beetles, flies) can be resolved with cost-effective large-scale NGS barcoding, which can be used to partially overcome taxonomic impediments by pre-sorting specimens for taxonomic revision.

由于分类学上的障碍,节肢动物之间的许多遗传关系尚未得到充分研究。我们在这里举例说明了如何利用现代和经济有效的条形码技术快速获取有关遗传关系的新的自然历史数据。大多数鸟类虱子都是宿主特异性的,但有些虱子可以搭乘以鸟类血液为食的海马蝇到达新的宿主。我们对文献进行了总结,得到了254条已发表的记录,我们在这里展示了它们属于鸟类、苍蝇和虱子的两个大型和13个小型相互作用网络。为了产生新的记录,我们在公民科学家的帮助下制定了一项基于筛选鸟类尸体的协议。对来自新加坡的131具尸体进行了检查,首次记录了从皮塔尸体上收集的一种吉玛拉氏艾希勒(蝇目:飞蛾科)虱子骑在桃山鸟蝇上。Phoresy可以解释为什么这个虱子物种现在从三个系统发育不同的宿主(Pitta moluccensis (m ller), Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay);秀丽隐杆线虫。第二个新的phoresy案例增强了一个由嗜鸟蝇(ornithila metallica)(一种世界性的多食海马蝇种)主导的大型相互作用网络。总体而言,我们认为节肢动物(如螨虫、假蝎子、甲虫、苍蝇)之间的许多双向和三方遗传关系可以通过成本效益高的大规模NGS条形码来解决,这可以通过预先分类标本进行分类修订来部分克服分类障碍。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Systematic Entomology
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