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Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the aquatic dance fly subfamily Clinocerinae (Diptera: Empididae) 水生舞蝇亚科 Clinocerinae(双翅目:蝇科)的分子系统学和生物地理学
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12637
Tanja Vojvoda Zeljko, Martina Pavlek, Emma Wahlberg, Bradley J. Sinclair, Marija Ivković

This study presents the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Clinocerinae, challenging the traditionally accepted monophyly of this subfamily. DNA was extracted from fresh and museum specimens representing all biogeographical regions. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic analyses were performed based on sequences from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome β, and three nuclear genes, carbomoylphosphate synthase domain of rudimentary, elongation factor-1α and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Through molecular data and morphological examination, our results reveal a division within Clinocerinae, distinguishing ‘typical’ or Clinocerinae (s.s.) from several genera, specifically Afroclinocera Sinclair, Asymphyloptera Collin and Proagomyia Collin, possibly lending support for a reclassification of these genera outside Clinocerinae. Bergenstammia Mik is proposed as a junior synonym of Phaeobalia Mik, syn. n., and the following new combinations are recognized: Phaeobalia albanica (Wagner) comb. n., Phaeobalia aurinae (Pusch & Wagner) comb. n., Phaeobalia carniolica (Horvat) comb. n., Phaeobalia frigida (Vaillant) comb. n., Phaeobalia glacialis (Palaczyk & Słowińska) comb. n., Phaeobalia multiseta (Strobl) comb. n., Phaeobalia nudimana (Vaillant) comb. n., Phaeobalia nudipes (Loew) comb. n., Phaeobalia pulla (Vaillant & Wagner) comb. n., Phaeobalia pyrenaica (Vaillant & Vinçon) comb. n., Phaeobalia slovaca (Wagner) comb. n. and Phaeobalia thomasi (Vaillant & Vinçon) comb. n. Re-evaluation of the genus Roederiodes resulted in the following new combinations: Clinocerella macedonicus (Wagner & Horvat) comb. n. and Clinocerella montenegrinus (Wagner & Horvat) comb. n. The origins of Clinocerinae (s.s.) are traced back to the Holarctic region, Laurasian origin, with a likely complex history of dispersal events into the Southern Hemisphere. Based on current knowledge, the greatest generic and species richness is confined to the Palaearctic Region. These findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships and distribution patterns of Clinocerinae (s.s.), challenging existing taxonomic classifications and shedding light on their historical biogeography.

本研究首次对栉水母亚科(Clinocerinae)进行了分子系统发育分析,对该亚科传统上公认的单系观点提出了质疑。DNA 提取自代表所有生物地理区域的新鲜标本和博物馆标本。基于两个线粒体基因(细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I (COI) 和细胞色素 β)和三个核基因(碳酰磷酸合成酶原始结构域、伸长因子-1α 和异柠檬酸脱氢酶)的序列,进行了最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯推断法(BI)系统发生分析。通过分子数据和形态学检查,我们的结果揭示了 Clinocerinae 中的一个分支,将 "典型的 "或 Clinocerinae(s.s.)与几个属区分开来,特别是 Afroclinocera Sinclair、Asymphyloptera Collin 和 Proagomyia Collin,可能支持将这些属重新归类到 Clinocerinae 以外。Bergenstammia Mik 被提议作为 Phaeobalia Mik 的初级异名,并确认了以下新的组合:Phaeobalia albanica (Wagner) comb. n., Phaeobalia aurinae (Pusch & Wagner) comb. n., Phaeobalia carniolica (Horvat) comb. n., Phaeobalia frigida (Vaillant) comb. n.、Phaeobalia glacialis (Palaczyk & Słowińska) comb、n., Phaeobalia nudimana (Vaillant) comb:n.和 Clinocerella montenegrinus (Wagner & Horvat) comb. n.。Clinocerinae(s.s.)的起源可追溯到全北极地区,起源于劳拉西亚,可能有向南半球扩散的复杂历史。根据目前的知识,最丰富的属和种仅限于古北区。这些发现为了解栉水母科(Clinocerinae)的进化关系和分布模式提供了宝贵的见解,对现有的分类学分类提出了挑战,并揭示了其历史生物地理学。
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引用次数: 0
Five good reasons not to dismiss scientific binomial nomenclature in conservation, environmental education and citizen science: A case study with bees 在自然保护、环境教育和公民科学中不要否定科学二名法的五个充分理由:蜜蜂案例研究
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12636
Nicolas J. Vereecken, Kit S. Prendergast, Silas Bossert, Keng-Lou James Hung, Stuart P. M. Roberts, Cristian Villagra, Natapot Warrit, Joseph S. Wilson, Thomas J. Wood, Michael C. Orr

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引用次数: 0
The phylogeny of ceutorhynchine weevils (Ceutorhynchinae, Curculionidae): Mitogenome data improve the resolution of tribal relationships 栉水母象鼻虫(Ceutorhynchinae, Curculionidae)的系统发育:有丝分裂基因组数据提高了部落关系的分辨率
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12635
Harald Letsch, Sonja Vukotić, Brigitte Gottsberger, Ariel Leib Leonid Friedman, Marek Wanat, Franziska Beran, Konrad Fiedler, Alexander Riedel

Ceutorhynchinae Gistel are a diverse weevil subfamily of almost worldwide distribution and considerable economic importance. Nevertheless, the classification of Ceutorhynchinae and their phylogenetic relationships are not yet fully resolved. Here, we sequenced the mitogenomes of 54 ceutorhynchine species. Phylogenetic analyses by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were performed on a dataset of 13 protein-coding and two ribosomal genes. All analyses recovered three well supported clades A–C. A principal component analysis shows that codon usage differs considerably between these clades, indicating a compositional asymmetry in ceutorhynchine mitogenomes. This increased the challenge of resolving the early relationships among the three clades. The resolution of the later diversification was more robust, and the resulting topologies were largely compatible with each other and with the current taxonomic classification. Exceptions are the genera Micrelus Thomson, which is transferred from the tribe Ceutorhynchini to Egriini Pajni and Kohli (new position) and Amalus Schoenherr, which is transferred to Phytobiini Gistel (new position). Amalini Wagner 1936 is a junior synonym of Phytobiini Gistel 1848 (syn. n.). Coeliodini Lacordaire (new status), a tribe previously regarded as junior synonym of Ceutorhynchini, is re-established. Our analyses also clarified the difficult assignments of taxa to the tribes Scleropterini Schultze and Phytobiini. All taxa with the ability to jump as adult beetles belong to clade B, which comprises the tribes Cnemogonini Colonnelli, Hypurini Schultze, Mecysmoderini Wagner and Phytobiini. With dense taxon sampling and appropriate analytical methods, mitogenome data provide a phylogeny well suited to improve the traditional classification of this neglected and species-rich taxon.

象鼻虫亚科(Ceutorhynchinae Gistel)是一个种类繁多的象鼻虫亚科,几乎分布于世界各地,具有相当重要的经济价值。然而,Ceutorhynchinae 的分类及其系统发育关系尚未完全确定。在这里,我们对 54 个ceutorhynchine 种类的有丝分裂基因组进行了测序。通过最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法对 13 个蛋白编码基因和 2 个核糖体基因数据集进行了系统发生分析。所有分析都得出了 A-C 三个支持度较高的支系。主成分分析表明,这些支系之间的密码子使用情况有很大差异,这表明栗鼠有丝分裂基因组的组成不对称。这增加了解决三个支系之间早期关系的挑战。对后期分化的解析更为稳健,所得出的拓扑结构基本上相互兼容,并与当前的分类学分类相一致。例外的是 Micrelus Thomson 属,它从 Ceutorhynchini 属转入 Egriini Pajni 和 Kohli 属(新位置),以及 Amalus Schoenherr 属,它转入 Phytobiini Gistel 属(新位置)。Amalini Wagner 1936 是 Phytobiini Gistel 1848 (syn. n.) 的初级异名。Coeliodini Lacordaire(新地位),一个以前被认为是 Ceutorhynchini 的初级异名的部落,被重新确立。我们的分析还澄清了将分类群归入 Scleropterini Schultze 和 Phytobiini 的困难。所有具有成虫跳跃能力的类群都属于 B 支系,该支系由 Cnemogonini Colonnelli、Hypurini Schultze、Mecysmoderini Wagner 和 Phytobiini 支系组成。通过密集的分类群取样和适当的分析方法,有丝分裂基因组数据提供了一个非常适合改进这一被忽视且物种丰富的分类群传统分类的系统发生学。
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引用次数: 0
Complex evolution in thin air: Investigating female flightlessness and diel behaviour in geometrid moths (Lepidoptera) 稀薄空气中的复杂进化:调查尺蠖蛾(鳞翅目)的雌性不飞和昼夜行为
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12633
Kyung Min Lee, Leidys Murillo-Ramos, Peter Huemer, Axel Hausmann, Hermann S. Staude, Toni Mayr, Pasi Sihvonen

Many unique high-altitude mountain ecosystems have been declining due to climate change, posing a threat to flora and fauna that have adapted to these ecosystems. This study explores the evolution of high-altitude adaptations, focusing on female flightlessness and diel activity, in geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Ennominae, Gnophini) within the European Alps. We constructed a phylogeny of Gnophini moths using a dataset of 157 taxa, with up to seven genetic markers and traced the evolutionary history of diel activity and wing length reduction in females. Analysis of divergence times suggested that female flightlessness has evolved at least three times independently between the early and late Miocene. The evolution of wing length reduction is likely correlated with elevation, indicating adaptations to cold and windy conditions in high altitude. The evolutionary events leading to shifts in adult diel activity, from ancestral nocturnality to diurnality, have occurred independently at least three times and may also be a consequence of adaptations at high elevations. Strikingly, among diurnal Sciadia, two species have evolved further to become nocturnal like their ancestors. Our findings highlight how phylogenies can provide new insights into evolutionary patterns in moths. We provided a robust basis for resolving taxonomic ambiguities in Alpine Gnophini, leading us to propose 10 changes to the current classification: Scrupodes Lee & Sihvonen gen. n., Elophos Boisduval (type species Geometra operaria Hübner) is considered a junior synonym of Sciadia Hübner syn. n., Yezognophos dilucidaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) and Y. sproengertsi (Püngeler) are transferred to Parietaria Leraut comb. n., Yezognophos serotinaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) is transferred to Scrupeus Lee & Sihvonen comb. n., Elophos caelibaria (Heydenreich), E. zirbitzensis (Pieszcek), E. operaria (Hübner) and E. andereggaria (De La Harpe) are transferred to Sciadia Hübner comb. n. and Dichrognophos Wehrli (type species Gnophos orthogonia Wehrli) is transferred from Ennominae: Cassymini to Ennominae: Gnophini.

由于气候变化,许多独特的高海拔山区生态系统正在衰退,这对适应这些生态系统的动植物构成了威胁。本研究探讨了欧洲阿尔卑斯山地区尺蠖蛾(鳞翅目:雌蛾科,Gnophini)的高海拔适应性进化,重点是雌蛾的不飞和昼夜活动。我们利用多达七个遗传标记的 157 个分类群数据集构建了雌蛾的系统进化史,并追溯了雌蛾昼伏夜出和翅长缩短的进化史。对分化时间的分析表明,在中新世早期和晚期之间,雌性不飞至少独立进化了三次。翅膀长度缩短的进化可能与海拔高度有关,这表明雌鸟适应了高海拔地区寒冷和多风的环境。导致成年昼夜活动转变的进化事件(从祖先的夜行到昼行)至少独立发生了三次,这也可能是适应高海拔的结果。令人吃惊的是,在昼伏夜出的 Sciadia 中,有两个物种进一步进化,变得像它们的祖先一样昼伏夜出。我们的研究结果突显了系统发生如何为蛾类的进化模式提供新的见解。我们为解决阿尔卑斯山蛾类分类学上的模糊问题提供了坚实的基础,并由此对目前的分类提出了 10 项修改建议:n.,Elophos Boisduval(模式种 Geometra operaria Hübner)被认为是 Sciadia Hübner syn、Yezognophos serotinaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) 被归入 Scrupeus Lee & Sihvonen comb、and E. andereggaria (De La Harpe) are transferred to Sciadia Hübner comb. n. and Dichrognophos Wehrli (type species Gnophos orthogonia Wehrli) is transferred from Ennominae:Cassymini to Ennominae:Gnophini.
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引用次数: 0
130 years from discovery to description: micro-CT scanning applied to construct the integrative taxonomy of a forgotten moth from Southern Africa (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) 从发现到描述的 130 年:应用微型 CT 扫描构建南部非洲一种被遗忘的蛾类(鳞翅目:尺蠖蛾科)的综合分类法
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12627
Mikael Englund, Kyung Min Lee, Hermann Staude, Anne Duplouy, Axel Hausmann, Elina Laiho, Max Söderholm, Pasi Sihvonen

X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of dried and pinned museum specimens combined with advanced image processing can provide a useful, novel and non-destructive tool for integrative insect taxonomy. This paper demonstrates how micro-CT can be applied to provide unambiguous illustrations of diagnostic morphological characters for new taxa description and to understand how micro-CT imaging may complement other imaging techniques. Following micro-CT scanning, a semi-automatic segmentation and volume rendering protocol was used to portray the wing venation and diagnostic structures and ornamentation of male genitalia from multiple angles. Using micro-CT images, we provide the description of a conspicuous geometrid moth from southern Africa (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), which has been present in collections since 1894, but left without an available name. Using a multigenetic dataset comprising 273 terminal taxa from the superfamily Geometroidea, we constructed a molecular phylogeny to place our study species to an isolated lineage in Geometridae: Larentiinae, tribe Xanthorhoini sensu lato. We describe it as Chloecolora vergetaria new genus, new species Englund & Staude, and provide diverse ecological information on its distribution, habitat, host plant, adult and immature stages, and parasites. We found micro-CT imaging particularly useful in two- and three-dimensional imaging of wings, providing detailed information for instance on non-tubular folds that may be difficult to distinguish using other techniques.

对风干和固定的博物馆标本进行 X 射线显微计算机断层扫描(micro-CT),并结合先进的图像处理技术,可为昆虫综合分类学提供一种有用、新颖和非破坏性的工具。本文展示了如何应用显微 CT 为新类群描述提供诊断形态特征的明确图解,并了解显微 CT 成像如何与其他成像技术互补。在进行显微 CT 扫描后,我们使用半自动分割和体积渲染协议从多个角度描绘了翅脉和雄性生殖器的诊断结构和装饰。利用微型计算机断层扫描图像,我们描述了来自非洲南部的一种明显的尺蠖蛾(鳞翅目:尺蠖蛾科),这种蛾自 1894 年以来一直存在于收藏品中,但却没有一个可用的名称。利用由尺蠖蛾超科 273 个终端类群组成的多基因数据集,我们构建了一个分子系统发生,将我们的研究物种归入尺蠖蛾科:Larentiinae,Xanthorhoini sensu lato 支系中的一个孤立世系。我们将其描述为 Chloecolora vergetaria 新属、新种 Englund & Staude,并提供了有关其分布、栖息地、寄主植物、成虫和未成熟阶段以及寄生虫的各种生态信息。我们发现微型计算机断层扫描成像技术在翅膀的二维和三维成像中特别有用,例如,它能提供非管状褶皱的详细信息,而使用其他技术可能很难区分这些褶皱。
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引用次数: 0
New Caledonian rovers and the historical biogeography of a hyper-diverse endemic lineage of South Pacific leaf beetles 新喀里多尼亚漫游者与南太平洋叶甲虫超多样化特有品系的历史生物地理学
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12632
Leonardo Platania, Anabela Cardoso, Mark Anderson, Martin Fikáček, Jérémy Gauthier, Lars Hendrich, Christian Mille, Yuta Morii, Chris A. M. Reid, Matthias Seidel, Mary Morgan-Richards, Steven A. Trewick, Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint, Jesús Gómez-Zurita

South Pacific archipelagos are central in the biogeographic debate on the relative importance of vicariance and dispersal in shaping the distribution of species. However, each taxonomic group was subject to different processes and histories, and here, we reveal the historical biogeography of the diverse Eumolpinae leaf beetles, widely distributed in the region. Extensive taxon sampling focusing on South Pacific Eumolpinae was used to infer the first molecular phylogeny of the group using three single-copy protein-coding nuclear and two mitochondrial markers. Upon assessing the clade of interest for lineage-specific variation in substitution rates, the age of the most recent common ancestors was estimated using out-group calibration and multi-gamma site models (MGSMs). Biogeographic analyses used standard event-based inferences also incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty. Zealandian Eumolpinae are monophyletic and appear to have split from their global relatives in the transition from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene. Variation in the rates of molecular evolution affected the in-group stem branch, with a significant drop in the substitution rate, and the MGSM correction recovered the crown age of Zealandian Eumolpinae during the Late Eocene–Oligocene transition. Biogeographic inference resolved the origin of the radiation in New Caledonia, favouring a null model without island age constraints, and repeated dispersal events to the other islands, including three independent but synchronous colonisations of New Zealand during the Miocene. New Caledonia, with a highly diverse Eumolpinae fauna of uncertain origin, acted as a hub and pump of biodiversity of these beetles in the entire South Pacific region, sending migrants to other islands through long-distance dispersal with lineages establishing when land became available.

南太平洋群岛在生物地理学关于沧海桑田和物种扩散在物种分布中的相对重要性的争论中占据中心位置。然而,每个分类群都经历了不同的过程和历史。在此,我们揭示了广泛分布于该地区的多种叶甲虫(Eumolpinae)的历史生物地理学。我们对南太平洋叶甲虫进行了广泛的分类群取样,利用三个单拷贝蛋白编码的核标记和两个线粒体标记推断出了该类群的第一个分子系统发生。在评估了相关支系在替代率方面的世系特异性变化后,利用外群校准和多伽马位点模型(MGSM)估算了最近共同祖先的年龄。生物地理学分析采用了标准的基于事件的推断,同时也考虑了系统发生学的不确定性。西兰岛Eumolpinae是单系动物,似乎是在白垩纪向古近纪过渡时从其全球亲缘动物中分离出来的。分子进化速率的变化影响了群内的干支,其替代率显著下降,而 MGSM 校正恢复了晚始新世-渐新世过渡时期西兰岛乌头蜥科的冠年龄。生物地理推断解决了新喀里多尼亚的辐射起源问题,倾向于无岛屿年龄限制的空模型,以及向其他岛屿的重复扩散事件,包括中新世期间新西兰的三次独立但同步的殖民。新喀里多尼亚的Eumolpinae动物群种类繁多,来源不明,是整个南太平洋地区这些甲虫生物多样性的枢纽和泵,通过长距离扩散向其他岛屿输送迁徙者,并在有陆地时建立世系。
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引用次数: 0
Can species endure massive introgression? Genomic evidence of asymmetric gene flow in Melitaea butterflies 物种能否经受大规模引种?Melitaea 蝴蝶非对称基因流的基因组证据
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12631
Joan C. Hinojosa, Valéria Marques, Luis Sánchez Mesa, Leonardo Dapporto, Vlad Dincă, Roger Vila

Hybridisation and introgression are increasingly seen as important drivers of the evolution of organisms, particularly in Lepidoptera. One group that is gaining attention due to recently published cases of interspecific gene flow is the genus Melitaea Fabricius (Nymphalidae). In this study, we used genomics to investigate the role of hybridisation in the evolution of the western Palearctic species of the Melitaea phoebe group M. ornata Christoph, the recently described M. pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, M. phoebe (Denis & Schiffermüller), M. punica Oberthür, and M. telona (Fruhstorfer). We provide evidence of asymmetric gene flow from M. phoebe to both M. ornata and M. pseudornata. Gene flow from M. phoebe to M. pseudornata was very high (25.0%–31.9%), widespread throughout the distribution of the latter, and not equally distributed along the genome. The Z chromosome showed patterns compatible with the large-Z effect, which were mimicked by two autosomes. Melitaea pseudornata endured massive introgression while remaining a separate entity from M. phoebe, although gene flow may have altered its phenotype, including its voltinism and the morphology of the adults and caterpillars. These findings suggest that hybridisation may be pervasive in this genus and highlight its key role in the evolution of butterflies, emphasising the need for further research on this topic.

杂交和引种越来越被视为生物进化的重要驱动力,尤其是在鳞翅目昆虫中。由于最近公布的种间基因流案例,蛱蝶属(Melitaea Fabricius)成为一个越来越受关注的类群。在本研究中,我们利用基因组学方法研究了杂交在 Melitaea phoebe 群 M. ornata Christoph、最近描述的 M. pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa、M. phoebe (Denis & Schiffermüller)、M. punica Oberthür 和 M. telona (Fruhstorfer) 西古北物种进化过程中的作用。我们提供了从 M. phoebe 到 M. ornata 和 M. pseudornata 的不对称基因流的证据。从M. phoebe到M. pseudornata的基因流动非常高(25.0%-31.9%),广泛分布于后者的整个分布区,而且沿基因组的分布不均。Z 染色体显示出与大 Z 效应相一致的模式,两个常染色体模仿了这种模式。尽管基因流可能改变了其表型,包括伏毛以及成虫和毛虫的形态,但Melitaea pseudornata在经受了大规模引种的同时,仍与M. phoebe保持着独立的个体。这些发现表明,杂交在该属中可能很普遍,并突出了其在蝴蝶进化中的关键作用,强调了进一步研究该课题的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
A phylogenetic framework of Palaearctic and Indomalayan Limacodidae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea) based on sequence capture data 基于序列捕获数据的古北区和印度洋蓑蛾科(鳞翅目,Zygaenoidea)系统发育框架
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12626
Jiamin Liang, Yaowei Zhu, Alexey V. Solovyev, Mao He, David J. Lohman, Niklas Wahlberg, Wentao Li, Jing Li, Min Wang, Dan Liang, Houshuai Wang

The slug moth family Limacodidae is a cosmopolitan group of economic importance, but its higher level systematics remains poorly understood. Here, we present a robust, higher level phylogenetic framework for Palaearctic and Indomalayan members of the family using sequence capture data of 148 nuclear protein-coding and 13 mitochondrial markers from 145 samples of 126 species in 67 genera representing all five morphologically delineated limacodid lineages. Our results strongly support the monophyly of Limacodidae in which six major clades are recognized. The relationships among these clades are revealed, with Phrixolepia-clade being the most basal group followed by Apoda-clade, Euphlyctinides-clade, Cania-clade and Phlossa-clade + Parasa-clade, respectively. We also add publicly available DNA barcode sequences from additional species worldwide to this phylogenetic framework to infer the most completely sampled phylogeny of Limacodidae to date. Our work provides a major step towards understanding the systematics and evolution of slug moths.

蛞蛾科(Limacodidae)是一个具有重要经济意义的世界性类群,但人们对其高层次的系统学仍然知之甚少。在本文中,我们利用来自 67 个属 126 个种 145 个样本的 148 个核蛋白编码和 13 个线粒体标记的序列捕获数据,为古北区和印度洋地区的蛞蝓蛾科成员提出了一个稳健的、更高层次的系统发生学框架,这些样本代表了所有五个形态学上划分的蛞蝓蛾系。我们的研究结果有力地支持了石斑鱼科的单系,其中有六个主要支系。我们揭示了这些支系之间的关系,其中 Phrixolepia 支系是最基干的支系,其次分别是 Apoda 支系、Euphlyctinides 支系、Cania 支系和 Phlossa 支系 + Parasa 支系。我们还在这一系统发育框架中加入了来自全球其他物种的公开DNA条形码序列,从而推断出迄今为止取样最完整的蓑蛾科系统发育。我们的工作为了解蛞蛾的系统学和进化迈出了重要一步。
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引用次数: 0
Evolutionary dynamics of genome size and transposable elements in crickets (Ensifera: Gryllidea) 蟋蟀(Ensifera: Gryllidea)基因组大小和转座元件的进化动态
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12629
Xuan Jing, Xuan-Zeng Liu, Hao Yuan, Ying Dai, Yan-Na Zheng, Li-Na Zhao, Li-Bin Ma, Yuan Huang

Orthoptera species are characterised by their expansive genomes. However, crickets, the third largest group of this order, have notably smaller genomes than grasshoppers or katydids. The evolutionary drivers behind these differences in genome size (GS) remain largely uncharted. In our study involving 56 cricket species, we assessed GS using flow cytometry and assembled 43 novel mitochondrial genomes for phylogenetic analysis. Model fitting indicated that GS generally conformed to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck adaptive evolutionary model, displaying a 5.1-fold range of variation in GS, from 0.82 pg in Myrmecophilus quadrispina Perkins to 4.68 pg in Ornebius formosanus Shiraki. Remarkably, despite such variations, no significant trends in genome contraction or expansion were detected, suggesting an adaptive stabilisation. We found strong evidence that expansions of repeat elements, particularly transposable elements (TEs), are key drivers of the large GS in crickets. Across the 56 cricket species analysed, TE content exhibited substantial variability, spanning from a mere 3.63% to a pronounced 31.22%. Clades exhibiting significant GS or TE variations, such as mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae), ant-loving crickets (Myrmecophilidae) and scaly crickets (Mogoplistidae), are often observed at basal phylogenetic nodes and exhibit distinct ecological niches and morphological divergences. This implies that cricket genomes undergo early mutations and stabilise throughout evolution. Our findings shed light on common patterns and uncover lineage-specific differences in content and evolution of TEs in crickets. We anticipate that our study will provide a foundation for future comparative research on the insect TE repertoire.

直翅目物种的特点是基因组庞大。然而,作为直翅目第三大类群的蟋蟀,其基因组却明显小于蚱蜢或蝈蝈。基因组大小(GS)差异背后的进化驱动因素在很大程度上仍是未知数。在涉及 56 个蟋蟀物种的研究中,我们使用流式细胞仪评估了 GS,并组装了 43 个新的线粒体基因组进行系统进化分析。模型拟合表明,GS总体上符合奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克适应性进化模型,GS的变化范围为5.1倍,从Myrmecophilus quadrispina Perkins的0.82 pg到Ornebius formosanus Shiraki的4.68 pg。值得注意的是,尽管存在这样的变化,却没有发现基因组收缩或扩张的显著趋势,这表明基因组在适应性上趋于稳定。我们发现了强有力的证据,表明重复元素,特别是转座元素(TE)的扩展是蟋蟀大型基因组的主要驱动因素。在所分析的 56 个蟋蟀物种中,TE 含量表现出很大的差异,从仅占 3.63% 到高达 31.22%。蝼蛄科(Gryllotalpidae)、嗜蚁蟋蟀科(Myrmecophilidae)和鳞蟋蟀科(Mogoplistidae)等表现出显著 GS 或 TE 变异的支系往往处于系统发育的基本节点,并表现出独特的生态位和形态差异。这意味着蟋蟀基因组经历了早期突变,并在整个进化过程中保持稳定。我们的研究结果揭示了蟋蟀中 TEs 的共同模式,并发现了蟋蟀中 TEs 在含量和进化方面的特定世系差异。我们预计,我们的研究将为未来昆虫毒性基因组的比较研究奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leafhopper subfamily Coelidiinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) based on morphological and molecular data 基于形态学和分子数据的叶蝉亚科鞘翅目(半翅目:蝉科)系统发育和历史生物地理学研究
IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12628
Xiudan Wang, Christopher H. Dietrich, Yalin Zhang

The phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the globally distributed leafhopper subfamily Coelidiinae were reconstructed by analysis of 2903 nucleotide positions from two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S), four nuclear genes (28S, H3, H2A and Wingless) and 102 discrete morphological characters, compiled for 86 species representing 52 genera within 9 coelidiine tribes broadly representative of the world fauna in addition to 12 outgroup taxa. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded well-resolved phylogenetic estimates that were highly congruent with most branches receiving strong support. The results indicate Coelidiinae sensu stricto (=Coelidiinae sensu lato without Equeefini and Macroceratogoniini), Thagriini, Tharrini, Tinobregmini and Equeefini are monophyletic. However, the two largest tribes, Coelidiini and Teruliini, are paraphyletic, as well as Youngolidiini and most genera of Oriental Coelidiini. Fossil-calibrated molecular divergence time analysis indicates that the Coelidiinae sensu stricto originated ca. 149 Ma, prior to the complete separation of the Gondwanan continents, and the tribe-level lineages diverged between the Lower and Upper Cretaceous (92.77–138.03 Ma). The major lineages of Coelidiinae arose in the Oriental and Neotropical regions, and Oriental Coelidiini arose as a result of dispersal and colonisation from the Afrotropical region.

通过分析两个线粒体基因(COI 和 16S)、四个核基因(28S、H3、H2A 和 Wingless)的 2903 个核苷酸位点和 102 个离散形态特征,重建了分布于全球的叶蝉亚科鞘翅目的主要世系之间的系统发生关系。最大似然法和贝叶斯分析得出的系统发育估计结果非常一致,大多数分支都得到了强有力的支持。结果表明,严格鳗鲡科(=Coelidiinae sensu lato,不含 Equeefini 和 Macroceratogoniini)、Thagriini、Tharrini、Tinobregmini 和 Equeefini 是单系的。然而,两个最大的部落,Coelidiini 和 Teruliini,以及 Youngolidiini 和东方 Coelidiini 的大多数属都是旁系。化石校准的分子分歧时间分析表明,严格意义上的鞘翅目动物起源于约 149 Ma,即冈瓦纳大陆完全分离之前,而该族的世系分化于下白垩世和上白垩世之间(92.77-138.03 Ma)。鳗鲡科的主要世系产生于东方和新热带地区,东方鳗鲡科是非洲热带地区扩散和殖民的结果。
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Systematic Entomology
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