Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0010
B. Oso, N. O. Abey, O. Oyeleke, B. Olowookere
Summary This study investigated the effect of different extraction solvents on the phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory potentials of dried-leaf extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. The analyses were performed spectrophotometrically, using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent for the estimation of the total phenolic contents. The ferric reducing power (FRP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were carried out to assess the antioxidant activities of aqueous, ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of the plant, whereas the stabilization of heat-treated albumin and inhibition of protease action were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts. The results obtained indicate that the solvent nature significantly influenced the amount of TPC, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts. The aqueous extract had the highest TPC. The FRP was equally high in the aqueous and ethanol extracts. The ethanolic extract had the highest radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory potentials. The results show that water and ethanol could be suitable solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from the dried leaf of B. pinnatum vis-à-vis antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of the Influence of Extraction Solvents on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Dried Leaf of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam.","authors":"B. Oso, N. O. Abey, O. Oyeleke, B. Olowookere","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study investigated the effect of different extraction solvents on the phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory potentials of dried-leaf extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. The analyses were performed spectrophotometrically, using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent for the estimation of the total phenolic contents. The ferric reducing power (FRP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were carried out to assess the antioxidant activities of aqueous, ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of the plant, whereas the stabilization of heat-treated albumin and inhibition of protease action were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts. The results obtained indicate that the solvent nature significantly influenced the amount of TPC, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts. The aqueous extract had the highest TPC. The FRP was equally high in the aqueous and ethanol extracts. The ethanolic extract had the highest radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory potentials. The results show that water and ethanol could be suitable solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from the dried leaf of B. pinnatum vis-à-vis antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127255926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0009
M. M. Stojšin, S. Petrović, B. Jocković, B. Banjac, V. Zečević, V. Stefanović, V. Perišić
Summary Considering that agricultural production needs to be adjusted to global climate changes, it is of particular importance to develop bread wheat germplasm with improved tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify stable wheat genotypes with increased salinity stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted with 27 wheat genotypes, at two localities: Kumane (solonetz soil type) and Rimski Šančevi (chernozem soil type) during two growing seasons. A significant influence of genotype and environment, as well as G × E interaction, on the phenotypic expression of yield components was found. The factor of genotype had the largest effect on the variation in plant height (38.7%) and the smallest effect on the variation in the number of grains per spike (8.24%). The greatest influence of the environment (64.7%) and G × E interaction (17.44%) was found in the variation in the number of grains per spike. Salinity conditions contributed the most to the decrease in the number of grains per spike (30%), which is considered the best indicator of the impact of stress on the plant. The smallest decrease in the number of grains per spike was recorded in the genotypes Šumadija (16.0%) and Harmonija (18.8%). However, AMMI and PCA analyses showed that the genotype Harmonija is characterized by a higher value of the number of grains per spike and greater stability. The genotypes Renesansa, Jugoslavija, Bankut 1205, and Harmonija were characterized by the smallest reduction in plant height under salinity conditions, among which Jugoslavija and Renesansa exhibited high stability and lower trait values. The smallest reduction in spike length was found in the genotypes Jugoslavija and Šumadija, which exhibited the specific adaptability to salinity stress. In terms of salinity tolerance, the genotypes Šumadija, Harmonija, and Renesansa are considered valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.
{"title":"Utilizing the Stability of Yield Parameters as a Technique to Select Salinity-Tolerant Wheat Genotypes","authors":"M. M. Stojšin, S. Petrović, B. Jocković, B. Banjac, V. Zečević, V. Stefanović, V. Perišić","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Considering that agricultural production needs to be adjusted to global climate changes, it is of particular importance to develop bread wheat germplasm with improved tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify stable wheat genotypes with increased salinity stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted with 27 wheat genotypes, at two localities: Kumane (solonetz soil type) and Rimski Šančevi (chernozem soil type) during two growing seasons. A significant influence of genotype and environment, as well as G × E interaction, on the phenotypic expression of yield components was found. The factor of genotype had the largest effect on the variation in plant height (38.7%) and the smallest effect on the variation in the number of grains per spike (8.24%). The greatest influence of the environment (64.7%) and G × E interaction (17.44%) was found in the variation in the number of grains per spike. Salinity conditions contributed the most to the decrease in the number of grains per spike (30%), which is considered the best indicator of the impact of stress on the plant. The smallest decrease in the number of grains per spike was recorded in the genotypes Šumadija (16.0%) and Harmonija (18.8%). However, AMMI and PCA analyses showed that the genotype Harmonija is characterized by a higher value of the number of grains per spike and greater stability. The genotypes Renesansa, Jugoslavija, Bankut 1205, and Harmonija were characterized by the smallest reduction in plant height under salinity conditions, among which Jugoslavija and Renesansa exhibited high stability and lower trait values. The smallest reduction in spike length was found in the genotypes Jugoslavija and Šumadija, which exhibited the specific adaptability to salinity stress. In terms of salinity tolerance, the genotypes Šumadija, Harmonija, and Renesansa are considered valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133336035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0008
M. Putnik-Delić, I. Maksimović, M. Mirosavljević, Ž. Ilin, B. Adamović, M. Daničić
Summary Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea Gongylodes group) take a very important place in vegetable farming around the world. Obtaining good-quality plants with minimal inputs is imperative in production. The experiment was set up in Sombor, on chernozem. The research analyzed the effect of 9 organic and mineral fertilizers (individually and in combinations), in the presence or absence of mulch, on the quality and the yield of cabbage (variety Adema) and kohlrabi (variety Volturno). The content of nitrates, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were determined after harvesting. The highest yield was obtained by using pig manure + 500 kg NPK/ha and mulch in cabbage, and by applying the same treatment without mulch in kohlrabi. Cabbage and kohlrabi fertilized with beef manure in combination with NPK (300 and 500 kg/ha) had a lower concentration of nitrate than with other kinds of fertilizing. The combination of organic and mineral fertilizers gave the best result both in terms of quality (the content of nitrates, N, P) and yield.
{"title":"Quality of Cabbage and Kohlrabi Depending on the Fertilizing Regime and Use of Mulch","authors":"M. Putnik-Delić, I. Maksimović, M. Mirosavljević, Ž. Ilin, B. Adamović, M. Daničić","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea Gongylodes group) take a very important place in vegetable farming around the world. Obtaining good-quality plants with minimal inputs is imperative in production. The experiment was set up in Sombor, on chernozem. The research analyzed the effect of 9 organic and mineral fertilizers (individually and in combinations), in the presence or absence of mulch, on the quality and the yield of cabbage (variety Adema) and kohlrabi (variety Volturno). The content of nitrates, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were determined after harvesting. The highest yield was obtained by using pig manure + 500 kg NPK/ha and mulch in cabbage, and by applying the same treatment without mulch in kohlrabi. Cabbage and kohlrabi fertilized with beef manure in combination with NPK (300 and 500 kg/ha) had a lower concentration of nitrate than with other kinds of fertilizing. The combination of organic and mineral fertilizers gave the best result both in terms of quality (the content of nitrates, N, P) and yield.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116168370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0006
M. D. Stojčić, L. Perić, S. Spiridonović
Summary The production system is one of the most significant factors influencing internal and external egg quality. Due to concerns for the welfare of laying hens, and on the basis of Council Directive 1999/74/EC, EU countries banned conventional cages, so it is necessary to determine the influence of alternative systems on the external and internal quality traits of table eggs. Consumers believe that organic eggs are healthier than eggs from the conventional production systems. In addition, consumer awareness of the welfare of laying hens has been raised in the last few decades. This research aimed to determine the quality of table eggs from the cage, free-range and organic systems that are present on the Serbian market. External and internal quality traits were examined for 30 eggs taken from the market from the cage, organic and free-range systems. The value of Haugh units was 77.16 for organic eggs, 66.01 for conventional cages, and 62.01 for free-range system. The results showed that eggs from the organic system had significantly higher egg weight, shape index, albumen height, and Haugh units (p≤0.05) compared to cage and free-range eggs. Eggs from the free-range system had the highest number of meat and blood spots (2.25), while it was the lowest in eggs from the cage system (0.40). Eggs from organic production and conventional cages showed better results in internal and external egg quality. Shell quality traits, yolk color, and yolk pH were not affected by the production system.
{"title":"Quality of Table Eggs from Different Production Systems","authors":"M. D. Stojčić, L. Perić, S. Spiridonović","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The production system is one of the most significant factors influencing internal and external egg quality. Due to concerns for the welfare of laying hens, and on the basis of Council Directive 1999/74/EC, EU countries banned conventional cages, so it is necessary to determine the influence of alternative systems on the external and internal quality traits of table eggs. Consumers believe that organic eggs are healthier than eggs from the conventional production systems. In addition, consumer awareness of the welfare of laying hens has been raised in the last few decades. This research aimed to determine the quality of table eggs from the cage, free-range and organic systems that are present on the Serbian market. External and internal quality traits were examined for 30 eggs taken from the market from the cage, organic and free-range systems. The value of Haugh units was 77.16 for organic eggs, 66.01 for conventional cages, and 62.01 for free-range system. The results showed that eggs from the organic system had significantly higher egg weight, shape index, albumen height, and Haugh units (p≤0.05) compared to cage and free-range eggs. Eggs from the free-range system had the highest number of meat and blood spots (2.25), while it was the lowest in eggs from the cage system (0.40). Eggs from organic production and conventional cages showed better results in internal and external egg quality. Shell quality traits, yolk color, and yolk pH were not affected by the production system.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116027147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0011
L. Mansouri, A. Kheloufi, Mohamed Boukhecha
Summary Based on vegetation surveys made in 2020 and 2021, the present paper reports the first records of Andalusian pipevine - Aristolochia baetica L. (Aristolochiaceae) in Oran (northwestern Algeria). This species has been previously recorded only in Sidi Bel Abbès and Tlemcen (Algeria). Therefore, this statement can be considered as an addition to the flora of Algeria. The species was found in 10 out of 26 municipalities from the city of Oran. A distribution map of these new records is included. The paper describes its reproduction, ecology, and phenology. Photographs of different plant organs at different seasons of the year are also provided for this poorly known species. The recorded populations were very small in size (<3 populations per municipality) and in the number of individuals (<5 ind.). Conservation efforts may be necessary to protect and increase the population size of this species.
{"title":"Aristolochia baetica L. (Aristolochiaceae): New Records of Rare Medicinal Species from Northwestern Algeria","authors":"L. Mansouri, A. Kheloufi, Mohamed Boukhecha","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Based on vegetation surveys made in 2020 and 2021, the present paper reports the first records of Andalusian pipevine - Aristolochia baetica L. (Aristolochiaceae) in Oran (northwestern Algeria). This species has been previously recorded only in Sidi Bel Abbès and Tlemcen (Algeria). Therefore, this statement can be considered as an addition to the flora of Algeria. The species was found in 10 out of 26 municipalities from the city of Oran. A distribution map of these new records is included. The paper describes its reproduction, ecology, and phenology. Photographs of different plant organs at different seasons of the year are also provided for this poorly known species. The recorded populations were very small in size (<3 populations per municipality) and in the number of individuals (<5 ind.). Conservation efforts may be necessary to protect and increase the population size of this species.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0003
N. Novković, N. Vukelić, B. Mutavdžić, Dragana Tekić
Summary As agricultural production is one of the strategic branches of economy in the AP Vojvodina, it is of paramount importance to examine the development opportunities of Vojvodinian agriculture. The primary focus of this research is on the agricultural resources in the AP Vojvodina and both distinctive and economic characteristics of Vojvodinian agricultural production. The purpose of this research is to analyze, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the strategic position of the agricultural complex in the AP Vojvodina, define its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and limitations, and establish a developmental strategy on the basis of the current situation. The results obtained indicate that there is a shortage of and quality deterioration in the agricultural production resources in the AP Vojvodina. A significant decline was also recorded in the workforce, water resource utilization, livestock units per hectare, and production intensity of all agricultural products considered in the research. Accordingly, the authors conclude that the quantity and quality of agricultural resources in the AP Vojvodina should be preserved by increasing the following: the knowledge and skills of agricultural producers, number of livestock units per hectare, areas devoted to perennial crops (especially in micro-regions), competitiveness of agricultural sectors, degree of production finalization, and rural area development.
{"title":"Development Opportunities of Agribusiness in the AP Vojvodina","authors":"N. Novković, N. Vukelić, B. Mutavdžić, Dragana Tekić","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary As agricultural production is one of the strategic branches of economy in the AP Vojvodina, it is of paramount importance to examine the development opportunities of Vojvodinian agriculture. The primary focus of this research is on the agricultural resources in the AP Vojvodina and both distinctive and economic characteristics of Vojvodinian agricultural production. The purpose of this research is to analyze, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the strategic position of the agricultural complex in the AP Vojvodina, define its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and limitations, and establish a developmental strategy on the basis of the current situation. The results obtained indicate that there is a shortage of and quality deterioration in the agricultural production resources in the AP Vojvodina. A significant decline was also recorded in the workforce, water resource utilization, livestock units per hectare, and production intensity of all agricultural products considered in the research. Accordingly, the authors conclude that the quantity and quality of agricultural resources in the AP Vojvodina should be preserved by increasing the following: the knowledge and skills of agricultural producers, number of livestock units per hectare, areas devoted to perennial crops (especially in micro-regions), competitiveness of agricultural sectors, degree of production finalization, and rural area development.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122250633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0002
D. Milić, T. Novaković, M. Grahovac, D. Budakov, J. Grahovac, Vanja Vlajkov, Marta Loc, Dragana Tekić
Summary The use of plant protection products (PPPs) has become a social concern regarding food safety and quality, and risks to human health and the environment. Accordingly, the agricultural microbials market is a steadily growing sector of the global agriculture industry. This paper evaluates the market of basic groups of pesticides in Serbia (namely herbicides, fungicides and insecticides), as well as other collectively presented plant protection products, with a particular emphasis on the biopesticides segment. The official data of the Serbian Plant Protection Directorate for the period 2000-2020 served as a primary source of data. The movement of PPPs and active ingredients (AIs) imports into Serbia were analyzed separately. The average values of PPP quantities imported into Serbia were computed for the period under consideration. The time series variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation, whereas the dynamics of PPP import movements was evaluated using the rate of change. In the overall structure of the imported pesticides in Serbia, herbicides remain the dominant product type (57.0%), followed by fungicides (27.5%), insecticides (10.5%), and other PPPs (5.0%). The import of AIs for the production of herbicides claimed a share of 79.8%, whereas the share of AIs for the fungicide production approximated to 12.8% (followed by AIs for the insecticide production (6.7%) and AIs for the other groups of pesticides (0.7%). Biopesticides comprise a small share of the total crop protection market in Serbia. Bioinsecticides were found to be imported into Serbia in largest quantities (followed by biofungicides, bioacaricides, and biobactericides). No imports of bioherbicides have been recorded. According to the official data on the import of PPPs in Serbia in the period 2000–2020, it can be concluded that there is a positive growth trend, which is expected to continue in the future. Although the import of AIs shows a positive rate of change, no significant growth trends were recorded.
{"title":"The Pesticide Market in Serbia","authors":"D. Milić, T. Novaković, M. Grahovac, D. Budakov, J. Grahovac, Vanja Vlajkov, Marta Loc, Dragana Tekić","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The use of plant protection products (PPPs) has become a social concern regarding food safety and quality, and risks to human health and the environment. Accordingly, the agricultural microbials market is a steadily growing sector of the global agriculture industry. This paper evaluates the market of basic groups of pesticides in Serbia (namely herbicides, fungicides and insecticides), as well as other collectively presented plant protection products, with a particular emphasis on the biopesticides segment. The official data of the Serbian Plant Protection Directorate for the period 2000-2020 served as a primary source of data. The movement of PPPs and active ingredients (AIs) imports into Serbia were analyzed separately. The average values of PPP quantities imported into Serbia were computed for the period under consideration. The time series variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation, whereas the dynamics of PPP import movements was evaluated using the rate of change. In the overall structure of the imported pesticides in Serbia, herbicides remain the dominant product type (57.0%), followed by fungicides (27.5%), insecticides (10.5%), and other PPPs (5.0%). The import of AIs for the production of herbicides claimed a share of 79.8%, whereas the share of AIs for the fungicide production approximated to 12.8% (followed by AIs for the insecticide production (6.7%) and AIs for the other groups of pesticides (0.7%). Biopesticides comprise a small share of the total crop protection market in Serbia. Bioinsecticides were found to be imported into Serbia in largest quantities (followed by biofungicides, bioacaricides, and biobactericides). No imports of bioherbicides have been recorded. According to the official data on the import of PPPs in Serbia in the period 2000–2020, it can be concluded that there is a positive growth trend, which is expected to continue in the future. Although the import of AIs shows a positive rate of change, no significant growth trends were recorded.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131707126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0007
J. Pantović, M. Sečanski
Summary Over the past few years, both producers and consumers have become increasingly interested in organic farming because conventional agriculture relies so heavily on the use of synthetic pesticides, thus causing environmental pollution. Weeds, as inevitable "companions" of cultivated plants, represent a major, everlasting issue in plant production. As organic plant production is legally regulated, the control of undesirable plants such as weeds is further complicated. Using the relevant literature, the purpose of this study is to survey the existing weed control methods in organic crop production. In order to be certified, organic plants have to be grown in the farming system without the application of synthetic herbicides and other chemicals that are commonly used in conventional production. This means that crop growers have to apply non-chemical, alternative methods of weed suppression, i.e. weed control based on the combination of cropping practices, mechanical control, and the use of bioherbicides. There is a large number of plant extracts with bioherbicidal activity, the effect of which is mostly attributed to the biological phenomenon of allelopathy, rendering such weed control sustainable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. Although bioherbicides are successfully used in organic farming worldwide, there are no registered bioherbicides in Serbia to date (according to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia). Both organic producers and experts should raise awareness of the importance of successful weed control to the health of cultivated plants, soil, beneficial organisms, and the entire ecosystem, which requires further research attention.
{"title":"Weed Control in Organic Farming","authors":"J. Pantović, M. Sečanski","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Over the past few years, both producers and consumers have become increasingly interested in organic farming because conventional agriculture relies so heavily on the use of synthetic pesticides, thus causing environmental pollution. Weeds, as inevitable \"companions\" of cultivated plants, represent a major, everlasting issue in plant production. As organic plant production is legally regulated, the control of undesirable plants such as weeds is further complicated. Using the relevant literature, the purpose of this study is to survey the existing weed control methods in organic crop production. In order to be certified, organic plants have to be grown in the farming system without the application of synthetic herbicides and other chemicals that are commonly used in conventional production. This means that crop growers have to apply non-chemical, alternative methods of weed suppression, i.e. weed control based on the combination of cropping practices, mechanical control, and the use of bioherbicides. There is a large number of plant extracts with bioherbicidal activity, the effect of which is mostly attributed to the biological phenomenon of allelopathy, rendering such weed control sustainable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. Although bioherbicides are successfully used in organic farming worldwide, there are no registered bioherbicides in Serbia to date (according to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia). Both organic producers and experts should raise awareness of the importance of successful weed control to the health of cultivated plants, soil, beneficial organisms, and the entire ecosystem, which requires further research attention.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"71 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131965398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2023-0001
D. Beuković, M. Vukadinović, M. Polovinski-Horvatović, Z. Popović, V. Lavadinović, N. Đorđević, M. Beuković
Summary Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are heavy metals considered possible contaminants of water, soil and air (especially when occurring as a consequence of human activities in agriculture or industry), and can be found in the liver or kidneys of animals, thus serving as indicators of pollution. Vojvodina is a northern province of the Republic of Serbia which boasts very intensive agricultural production, especially crop production. The brown hare is well-adapted and abundant in Vojvodina. As a complete herbivore, it has the potential to be a good biomonitor for the presence of lead and cadmium in the chosen biotope. A total of 60 samples of hare livers were collected and analyzed immediately after hunting. The average concentration of lead in all the liver samples analyzed was 851.43 µg/kg of wet tissue. The lead concentrations determined at three different sites in Vojvodina (namely Odžaci in Bačka, Rusko selo in Banat and Kraljevci in Srem) were not statistically significant. However, the average lead concentrations at all the sites were above the permitted level (500 µg/kg of wet tissue). The maximum amount of lead determined was 2,302 µg/kg of wet tissue, i.e. almost five times above the permitted level. The cadmium concentrations in all the samples analyzed ranged from 12.90 to 1183.00 µg/kg of wet tissue. The average cadmium concentrations determined at three different sites were found statistically significant, suggesting a local source of contamination. The average cadmium concentrations at sites I, II and III were 65.57, 205.91 and 413.99 µg/kg of wet tissue, respectively. The average cadmium concentrations determined at the sites considered were below the permitted level, although exceeding the legal limit in some of the samples analyzed.
{"title":"The Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) as a Biomonitor for the Presence of Lead and Cadmium in Vojvodina, Serbia","authors":"D. Beuković, M. Vukadinović, M. Polovinski-Horvatović, Z. Popović, V. Lavadinović, N. Đorđević, M. Beuković","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are heavy metals considered possible contaminants of water, soil and air (especially when occurring as a consequence of human activities in agriculture or industry), and can be found in the liver or kidneys of animals, thus serving as indicators of pollution. Vojvodina is a northern province of the Republic of Serbia which boasts very intensive agricultural production, especially crop production. The brown hare is well-adapted and abundant in Vojvodina. As a complete herbivore, it has the potential to be a good biomonitor for the presence of lead and cadmium in the chosen biotope. A total of 60 samples of hare livers were collected and analyzed immediately after hunting. The average concentration of lead in all the liver samples analyzed was 851.43 µg/kg of wet tissue. The lead concentrations determined at three different sites in Vojvodina (namely Odžaci in Bačka, Rusko selo in Banat and Kraljevci in Srem) were not statistically significant. However, the average lead concentrations at all the sites were above the permitted level (500 µg/kg of wet tissue). The maximum amount of lead determined was 2,302 µg/kg of wet tissue, i.e. almost five times above the permitted level. The cadmium concentrations in all the samples analyzed ranged from 12.90 to 1183.00 µg/kg of wet tissue. The average cadmium concentrations determined at three different sites were found statistically significant, suggesting a local source of contamination. The average cadmium concentrations at sites I, II and III were 65.57, 205.91 and 413.99 µg/kg of wet tissue, respectively. The average cadmium concentrations determined at the sites considered were below the permitted level, although exceeding the legal limit in some of the samples analyzed.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133105612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0014
A. Ammal
Summary The research examines micronutrient contents, soil carbon and nitrogen stocks of forested and deforested sites at Bobiri forest reserve in the Ashanti region, Ghana. Each site had 12 soil profiles excavated, six of which were from natural forest areas and six were from deforested areas. The samples were taken at 0-15 cm, 15-50 cm and 50-80 cm depths and repeated thrice. The contents of DTPA-extractable micronutrients in the forested sites were higher than in the deforested sites at all soil depths. There were significant differences between the forested and deforested sites. The soils at 0-15 cm depth in the forested sites showed improved micronutrient contents, which largely declined with the soil depth. At the same time, there was no consistent pattern of distribution in the deforested soil. According to the findings, all three depths and sites tested had enough extractable Fe, Mn and Cu, however only 15-50 cm depth of forested and deforested sites had sufficient Zn. All the soil depths except 50–80 cm showed significant differences in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in the forested sites compared to the deforested sites. The forested sites had the largest amount of total soil organic carbon stocks (365 Mg ha−1), whereas the deforested sites had the lowest amount (181 Mg ha−1). It was found that micronutrient content and distribution in the soils at the research sites were influenced by organic matter, clay and soil pH.
{"title":"Micronutrient Content, Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Forested and Deforested Sites","authors":"A. Ammal","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The research examines micronutrient contents, soil carbon and nitrogen stocks of forested and deforested sites at Bobiri forest reserve in the Ashanti region, Ghana. Each site had 12 soil profiles excavated, six of which were from natural forest areas and six were from deforested areas. The samples were taken at 0-15 cm, 15-50 cm and 50-80 cm depths and repeated thrice. The contents of DTPA-extractable micronutrients in the forested sites were higher than in the deforested sites at all soil depths. There were significant differences between the forested and deforested sites. The soils at 0-15 cm depth in the forested sites showed improved micronutrient contents, which largely declined with the soil depth. At the same time, there was no consistent pattern of distribution in the deforested soil. According to the findings, all three depths and sites tested had enough extractable Fe, Mn and Cu, however only 15-50 cm depth of forested and deforested sites had sufficient Zn. All the soil depths except 50–80 cm showed significant differences in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in the forested sites compared to the deforested sites. The forested sites had the largest amount of total soil organic carbon stocks (365 Mg ha−1), whereas the deforested sites had the lowest amount (181 Mg ha−1). It was found that micronutrient content and distribution in the soils at the research sites were influenced by organic matter, clay and soil pH.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121336694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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