Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0002
D. Ivanišević, M. Kalajdžić, P. Cindrić, N. Korac, P. Bozovic
Summary The Serbian fungus-tolerant grapevine cultivar ‘Morava’ has been recognized by both wine producers and consumers, resulting in increased areas devoted to the cultivar. ‘Morava’ (‘SK 77-7/4’ x ‘Bianca’, released in Sremski Karlovci) is a popular cultivar for white wines, particularly in the central part of Serbia, because of the interesting aroma profile of its wine. The objective of this research was to investigate the yield, grape quality and wine sensory characteristics of the ‘Morava’ grapevine cultivar grown under organic and conventional management. The experiment was conducted at an experimental field for viticulture in Sremski Karlovci (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad) during the period 2015-2018. The grape yields produced under organic management were found lower than those under conventional management. The chemical composition of organic grapes was on par with that of conventional grapes, whereas the wine sensory characteristics of organic grapes were scored higher than those of conventional grapes.
{"title":"Characteristics of Fungus-Tolerant Grapevine Cultivar ‘Morava’ Grown Under Organic and Conventional Management","authors":"D. Ivanišević, M. Kalajdžić, P. Cindrić, N. Korac, P. Bozovic","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Serbian fungus-tolerant grapevine cultivar ‘Morava’ has been recognized by both wine producers and consumers, resulting in increased areas devoted to the cultivar. ‘Morava’ (‘SK 77-7/4’ x ‘Bianca’, released in Sremski Karlovci) is a popular cultivar for white wines, particularly in the central part of Serbia, because of the interesting aroma profile of its wine. The objective of this research was to investigate the yield, grape quality and wine sensory characteristics of the ‘Morava’ grapevine cultivar grown under organic and conventional management. The experiment was conducted at an experimental field for viticulture in Sremski Karlovci (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad) during the period 2015-2018. The grape yields produced under organic management were found lower than those under conventional management. The chemical composition of organic grapes was on par with that of conventional grapes, whereas the wine sensory characteristics of organic grapes were scored higher than those of conventional grapes.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127125250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0017
F. O. Okpanachi, L. Tanko, F. D. Ibrahim, A. Adewumi
Summary The purpose of this study was to develop prototype farm plans according to the multi-objective production goals of small-scale arable crop producers in Kogi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 137 farm households in different local government areas (LGAs). A structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule was used to collect primary data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and linear goal programming were used for data analysis. The results obtained indicate that the optimal plan of generating an income of ₦242,076.20 requires 0.368 ha of melons, 0.044 ha of yam/maize mixture and 0.259 ha of sorghum/groundnuts. The optimal net profit was 44.05% higher than that achieved by implementing the existing plan. To meet family food requirements, the solution plan prescribed devoting 0.048 ha to cassava, 0.211 ha to sorghum, 0.368 ha to melons, 0.074ha to Bambara nuts, and 1.065 ha to sorghum/groundnuts to generate an income of ₦158,475.00. To minimize paid labour and generate an income of ₦168,325.50, the plan prescribed devoting 0.195 ha to rice, 0.502 ha to melons and 0.246 ha to Bambara nuts. Out of the three basic farm household objectives considered, meeting family food requirements and limiting labour expenditure were overachieved, whereas the objective of maximizing farm income was underachieved. A great deal of the existing staple food plan was found consistent with the prescribed optimal plan, except in the case of existing cassava and Bambara nut production which was falling short of the optimal production prescribed. The maize/groundnut production had the lowest shadow prices. However, land, labour, capital, agrochemicals, fertilizers and seeds constituted the limiting resources in the plan. It was found that these resources were not optimally allocated in the existing plan for arable crop activities. Therefore, the respondents were advised to utilize their resources as prescribed in the optimum plan, supported by farm advisory services in selecting good crop mixtures.
{"title":"A Goal Programming Approach to Multi-Objective Farm Planning Among Small-Scale Arable Crop Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"F. O. Okpanachi, L. Tanko, F. D. Ibrahim, A. Adewumi","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of this study was to develop prototype farm plans according to the multi-objective production goals of small-scale arable crop producers in Kogi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 137 farm households in different local government areas (LGAs). A structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule was used to collect primary data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and linear goal programming were used for data analysis. The results obtained indicate that the optimal plan of generating an income of ₦242,076.20 requires 0.368 ha of melons, 0.044 ha of yam/maize mixture and 0.259 ha of sorghum/groundnuts. The optimal net profit was 44.05% higher than that achieved by implementing the existing plan. To meet family food requirements, the solution plan prescribed devoting 0.048 ha to cassava, 0.211 ha to sorghum, 0.368 ha to melons, 0.074ha to Bambara nuts, and 1.065 ha to sorghum/groundnuts to generate an income of ₦158,475.00. To minimize paid labour and generate an income of ₦168,325.50, the plan prescribed devoting 0.195 ha to rice, 0.502 ha to melons and 0.246 ha to Bambara nuts. Out of the three basic farm household objectives considered, meeting family food requirements and limiting labour expenditure were overachieved, whereas the objective of maximizing farm income was underachieved. A great deal of the existing staple food plan was found consistent with the prescribed optimal plan, except in the case of existing cassava and Bambara nut production which was falling short of the optimal production prescribed. The maize/groundnut production had the lowest shadow prices. However, land, labour, capital, agrochemicals, fertilizers and seeds constituted the limiting resources in the plan. It was found that these resources were not optimally allocated in the existing plan for arable crop activities. Therefore, the respondents were advised to utilize their resources as prescribed in the optimum plan, supported by farm advisory services in selecting good crop mixtures.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121950849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0020
Jelena Golijan-Pantović, M. Sečanski
Summary The central issuses in organic agricultural production are related to the plant protection sector. As the use of synthetic pesticides is not allowed in the organic system of agricultural production, biopesticides are considerd a natural, safe and environmentally friendly alternative. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important biological agents used as biopesticides in organic agriculture through a review of the relevant literature. Biopesticides are compounds made from microorganisms and various natural materials of plant and animal origin. Biological protection also includes the use of extracts of different plant species (such as essential oils) that have toxic effects on plant pathogens. This paper accounts for the most important types of biopesticides based on bacteria, fungi and viruses, which are licensed for use in the Republic of Serbia according to the Law on Organic Agriculture. Their mechanisms of action, possibilities of application and efficiency are described in the present study. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is the most studied bacterial species used in biological protection, whereas the species Bacillus thuringiensis is predominantly used for the control of harmful insects. There is no doubt about the need for alternative protection systems in the future, which necessitates further scientific research. A sound application of biopesticides in combination with preventive protection measures would meet the requirements of safe agricultural production.
{"title":"Biopesticides in Organic Agriculture","authors":"Jelena Golijan-Pantović, M. Sečanski","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The central issuses in organic agricultural production are related to the plant protection sector. As the use of synthetic pesticides is not allowed in the organic system of agricultural production, biopesticides are considerd a natural, safe and environmentally friendly alternative. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important biological agents used as biopesticides in organic agriculture through a review of the relevant literature. Biopesticides are compounds made from microorganisms and various natural materials of plant and animal origin. Biological protection also includes the use of extracts of different plant species (such as essential oils) that have toxic effects on plant pathogens. This paper accounts for the most important types of biopesticides based on bacteria, fungi and viruses, which are licensed for use in the Republic of Serbia according to the Law on Organic Agriculture. Their mechanisms of action, possibilities of application and efficiency are described in the present study. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is the most studied bacterial species used in biological protection, whereas the species Bacillus thuringiensis is predominantly used for the control of harmful insects. There is no doubt about the need for alternative protection systems in the future, which necessitates further scientific research. A sound application of biopesticides in combination with preventive protection measures would meet the requirements of safe agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126698718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0012
K. Adeloye, D. O. Torimiro, Deborah Anu Omoboyede, Bisola Deborah Arowolo, Ifeoluwa Ezra Adedipe, Adebukola Nafisat Alao
Summary The study analysed the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of inclusive extension service among agricultural extension workers in southwestern Nigeria. All the extension workers (268) in Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) in five states randomly selected within southwestern Nigeria were interviewed for the study via a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The collected data were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age, formal education and job experience of the extension workers were 43.3±8.4, 17.0±2.6 and 14.1±8.4 years, respectively. The majority of the respondents were male (74.3%) and married (77.8%). Furthermore, most of them have encountered farmers with special needs such as albinism (81.7%), hearing impairment (87.3%), visual impairment (85.2%) and mental disability (81.7%) among others. The majority of the respondents (60.0%) had high capacity for inclusive extension service. The extension workers differed significantly across the states in terms of their practice scores, but not in their knowledge and attitude scores. The findings revealed that at p<0.05, job experience (r= 0.483) and age (r=0.322) of the respondents had significant relationship with KAP of inclusive extension service. Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted for sex and marital status, but was rejected for ethnicity, age and job experience. The study concludes that the extension workers differ significantly across the states in terms of practices, but not in their knowledge and attitude about inclusive extension services.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Analysis of Inclusive Extension Service Among Agricultural Extension Workers in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"K. Adeloye, D. O. Torimiro, Deborah Anu Omoboyede, Bisola Deborah Arowolo, Ifeoluwa Ezra Adedipe, Adebukola Nafisat Alao","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The study analysed the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of inclusive extension service among agricultural extension workers in southwestern Nigeria. All the extension workers (268) in Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) in five states randomly selected within southwestern Nigeria were interviewed for the study via a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The collected data were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age, formal education and job experience of the extension workers were 43.3±8.4, 17.0±2.6 and 14.1±8.4 years, respectively. The majority of the respondents were male (74.3%) and married (77.8%). Furthermore, most of them have encountered farmers with special needs such as albinism (81.7%), hearing impairment (87.3%), visual impairment (85.2%) and mental disability (81.7%) among others. The majority of the respondents (60.0%) had high capacity for inclusive extension service. The extension workers differed significantly across the states in terms of their practice scores, but not in their knowledge and attitude scores. The findings revealed that at p<0.05, job experience (r= 0.483) and age (r=0.322) of the respondents had significant relationship with KAP of inclusive extension service. Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted for sex and marital status, but was rejected for ethnicity, age and job experience. The study concludes that the extension workers differ significantly across the states in terms of practices, but not in their knowledge and attitude about inclusive extension services.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"99 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128011478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0016
D. Milić, V. Rodić, N. Vukelić, Petrana Odavić, N. Tica, V. Zekić
Summary Biomass power production offers significant potential for the Republic of Serbia, especially for AP Vojvodina, as it is an agricultural area with large quantities of plant residues. However, in order to use these resources sustainably, the price of the produced energy should include the cost related to environmental protection. The aim of this paper is to use the LCC method to determine the cost arising from environmental protection in a biomass power plant. The results show that the investments in equipment for reducing pollution in a biomass power plant of the capacity 1MW accounts for 1.08% of the total investments. Also, the environmental cost accounts for the lowest share in the cost price. If investments are (voluntarily) made in purifier filters, they amount to 1.53 EUR/1,000kWh (1.52% of the total cost). If the investments in filters are excluded from the calculation (as under the existing legislation these filters in Serbia are still not mandatory), then the environmental cost is 0.91 EUR/kWh (only 0.91% of the cost price). Therefore, in financial terms the cost of environmental protection does not pose, as is often assumed, a threat for business of such a plant and socially responsible producers should not try to avoid them.
{"title":"Cost of Environmental Protection: A Case Study of a Biomass Power Plant in Serbia","authors":"D. Milić, V. Rodić, N. Vukelić, Petrana Odavić, N. Tica, V. Zekić","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Biomass power production offers significant potential for the Republic of Serbia, especially for AP Vojvodina, as it is an agricultural area with large quantities of plant residues. However, in order to use these resources sustainably, the price of the produced energy should include the cost related to environmental protection. The aim of this paper is to use the LCC method to determine the cost arising from environmental protection in a biomass power plant. The results show that the investments in equipment for reducing pollution in a biomass power plant of the capacity 1MW accounts for 1.08% of the total investments. Also, the environmental cost accounts for the lowest share in the cost price. If investments are (voluntarily) made in purifier filters, they amount to 1.53 EUR/1,000kWh (1.52% of the total cost). If the investments in filters are excluded from the calculation (as under the existing legislation these filters in Serbia are still not mandatory), then the environmental cost is 0.91 EUR/kWh (only 0.91% of the cost price). Therefore, in financial terms the cost of environmental protection does not pose, as is often assumed, a threat for business of such a plant and socially responsible producers should not try to avoid them.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128815263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0015
F. Bagi, G. Barać, R. Iličić, Z. Savić, Milica Starovlah, Đina Konstantin, T. Popović
Summary During May and June of 2021, a total of 123 grapevine leaf samples were collected and analyzed for infection by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and three viruses from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus complex -1, -2 and -3 (GRLaV-1, GRLaV-2 and GRLaV-3, respectively). The samples were collected from commercial vineyards, small backyard vineyards and grapevine nurseries located across the entire Vojvodina Province (Bačka, Banat and Srem). OEPP/EPPO sampling protocols were followed during the sampling of leaf tissues showing possible virus infection symptoms. Among the 123 samples, 47 were collected from Bačka region (Bačko Gradište − 11, Bečej − 10, Temerin − 15, Vrbas − 1, Hajdukovo − 10), 50 from Banat region (Srpska Crnja − 10, Vojvode Stepe − 10, Čoka − 10, Uljma −20) and 26 from Srem region (Šid − 6, Banoštor − 10, Sremski Karlovci − 10) and serological ELISA tests were performed for virus detection. GFLV was detected in five samples (4.06%), GLRaV-1 was detected in six samples (4.87%), while GLRaV-2 was not detected in any of the analyzed grapevine samples. GLRaV-3 was present in five samples (4.06%). When infection rates were examined in relation to cultivars, GFLV was detected in Cardinal, Zalagyöngye, Black Muscat, Italian Riesling and Dornfelder. GRLaV-1 was detected in cultivars Cardinal, Black Muscat, Italian Riesling and Merlot, and GRLaV-3 in cultivars Othello and Italian Riesling. Based on these results, it can be concluded that GFLV and GRLaV-1 and GRLaV-3 are present in vineyards across Vojvodina Province and affect different grapevine cultivars. To effectively control virus infections and their spreading, continuous monitoring of these viruses and their vectors is required along with the planting of healthy propagation material.
在2021年5月和6月，共采集了123份葡萄叶片样本，分析了葡萄扇叶病毒(GFLV)和葡萄叶片相关病毒复合物-1、-2和-3中的3种病毒(分别为GRLaV-1、GRLaV-2和GRLaV-3)的感染情况。样本采集自整个伏伊伏丁那省(ba卡、巴纳特和斯雷姆)的商业葡萄园、小型后院葡萄园和葡萄藤苗圃。在对可能出现病毒感染症状的叶片组织进行取样时，遵循OEPP/EPPO取样方案。123份样本中，47份来自ba ka地区(ba ko Gradište−11、be ej−10、Temerin−15、Vrbas−1、Hajdukovo−10)，50份来自Banat地区(Srpska Crnja−10、Vojvode Stepe−10、Čoka−10、Uljma−20)，26份来自Srem地区(Šid−6、Banoštor−10、Sremski Karlovci−10)，采用血清学ELISA检测病毒。5份葡萄样本中检测到GFLV(4.06%)， 6份样本中检测到glrav1(4.87%)，而glrav2未在所有分析的葡萄样本中检测到。glrav3在5份样本中存在(4.06%)。在不同品种的侵染率检测中，在红衣主教、Zalagyöngye、黑马斯喀特、意大利雷司令和多恩菲尔德中检测到GFLV。GRLaV-1在红衣主教、黑马斯喀特、意大利雷司令和梅洛中检测到，GRLaV-3在奥赛罗和意大利雷司令中检测到。结果表明，GFLV、GRLaV-1和GRLaV-3均存在于伏伊伏丁那省的葡萄园中，并对不同葡萄品种产生影响。为了有效地控制病毒感染及其传播，在种植健康繁殖材料的同时，需要对这些病毒及其载体进行持续监测。
{"title":"Incidence of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV) and Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses (GLRaV 1−3) in Vojvodina Province","authors":"F. Bagi, G. Barać, R. Iličić, Z. Savić, Milica Starovlah, Đina Konstantin, T. Popović","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Summary During May and June of 2021, a total of 123 grapevine leaf samples were collected and analyzed for infection by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and three viruses from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus complex -1, -2 and -3 (GRLaV-1, GRLaV-2 and GRLaV-3, respectively). The samples were collected from commercial vineyards, small backyard vineyards and grapevine nurseries located across the entire Vojvodina Province (Bačka, Banat and Srem). OEPP/EPPO sampling protocols were followed during the sampling of leaf tissues showing possible virus infection symptoms. Among the 123 samples, 47 were collected from Bačka region (Bačko Gradište − 11, Bečej − 10, Temerin − 15, Vrbas − 1, Hajdukovo − 10), 50 from Banat region (Srpska Crnja − 10, Vojvode Stepe − 10, Čoka − 10, Uljma −20) and 26 from Srem region (Šid − 6, Banoštor − 10, Sremski Karlovci − 10) and serological ELISA tests were performed for virus detection. GFLV was detected in five samples (4.06%), GLRaV-1 was detected in six samples (4.87%), while GLRaV-2 was not detected in any of the analyzed grapevine samples. GLRaV-3 was present in five samples (4.06%). When infection rates were examined in relation to cultivars, GFLV was detected in Cardinal, Zalagyöngye, Black Muscat, Italian Riesling and Dornfelder. GRLaV-1 was detected in cultivars Cardinal, Black Muscat, Italian Riesling and Merlot, and GRLaV-3 in cultivars Othello and Italian Riesling. Based on these results, it can be concluded that GFLV and GRLaV-1 and GRLaV-3 are present in vineyards across Vojvodina Province and affect different grapevine cultivars. To effectively control virus infections and their spreading, continuous monitoring of these viruses and their vectors is required along with the planting of healthy propagation material.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115180743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0006
S. Ogunjimi, Samuel Victor-Sunday
Summary The study assessed farmers’ perception towards the usage of banned agrochemicals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty farmers from three amaranth producing Local Government Areas of Ekiti state. The average age of the farmers was 41, with the majority (81.7%) of male farmers. The average years of schooling was approximately 10 years with an average annual income of 212,000 Naira (600 US Dollar). The study showed that 85% of the vegetable farmers obtained information on the use of agrochemicals from sales agents (agrochemicals retailers), 77.5% from fellow farmers and 32.5% from extension workers. The study further revealed that the majority of the amaranth farmers (99.2%) were aware that some agrochemicals had been banned. All the respondents were using agrochemicals for production of amaranth and farmers also indicated that they still used some of banned chemicals such as Gammalin (87%), Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) (17%) and Aldrin (16%). The farmers used banned agrochemicals because they perceived them as effective in the pest and disease control (98%), inexpensive (66%), available in the market (59%) and because of advice given by sales agents (58%). The findings revealed that the amaranth farmers have a high level of awareness of the negative effects produced by continuous usage of banned agrochemicals, while the majority of the farmers continuously use them. Therefore, the study highlights the need for adequate registration of all approved agrochemicals by the competent agency. Also, enlightenment campaigns by extension agents on the effects of banned agrochemicals need to be organised for amaranth farmers and sellers, as well as suppliers of agrochemicals. Finally, banned agrochemicals should not be allowed into the country by the federal Ministry of Agriculture and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA).
{"title":"Assessment of Farmers’ Perception Towards the Usage of Banned Agrochemicals: Case Study of Amaranth Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ogunjimi, Samuel Victor-Sunday","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The study assessed farmers’ perception towards the usage of banned agrochemicals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty farmers from three amaranth producing Local Government Areas of Ekiti state. The average age of the farmers was 41, with the majority (81.7%) of male farmers. The average years of schooling was approximately 10 years with an average annual income of 212,000 Naira (600 US Dollar). The study showed that 85% of the vegetable farmers obtained information on the use of agrochemicals from sales agents (agrochemicals retailers), 77.5% from fellow farmers and 32.5% from extension workers. The study further revealed that the majority of the amaranth farmers (99.2%) were aware that some agrochemicals had been banned. All the respondents were using agrochemicals for production of amaranth and farmers also indicated that they still used some of banned chemicals such as Gammalin (87%), Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) (17%) and Aldrin (16%). The farmers used banned agrochemicals because they perceived them as effective in the pest and disease control (98%), inexpensive (66%), available in the market (59%) and because of advice given by sales agents (58%). The findings revealed that the amaranth farmers have a high level of awareness of the negative effects produced by continuous usage of banned agrochemicals, while the majority of the farmers continuously use them. Therefore, the study highlights the need for adequate registration of all approved agrochemicals by the competent agency. Also, enlightenment campaigns by extension agents on the effects of banned agrochemicals need to be organised for amaranth farmers and sellers, as well as suppliers of agrochemicals. Finally, banned agrochemicals should not be allowed into the country by the federal Ministry of Agriculture and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA).","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"906 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133946275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0007
Milica Stajić, M. Vranešević, A. Bezdan, B. Blagojević
Summary In this study, wet periods were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on timescales of 3, 6 and 12 months (SPI3, SPI6 and SPI12) at eight stations in Vojvodina Province during the period 1971-2019. The obtained results show that there were very wet years in the observed period, so that regular maintenance of drainage channels is of great importance. Also, in order to illustrate the wet periods for the area of Vojvodina, maps for a timescale of 6 months (SPI6) were made for the vegetation season (April-September) of 2010. By analyzing the maps, it can be concluded that there were four categories of humidity conditions occurring in the observed period – from normal humidity conditions through moderate to very humid and extremely humid conditions.
{"title":"Analysis of Wet Periods in Vojvodina Province Using Standardized Precipitation Index","authors":"Milica Stajić, M. Vranešević, A. Bezdan, B. Blagojević","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this study, wet periods were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on timescales of 3, 6 and 12 months (SPI3, SPI6 and SPI12) at eight stations in Vojvodina Province during the period 1971-2019. The obtained results show that there were very wet years in the observed period, so that regular maintenance of drainage channels is of great importance. Also, in order to illustrate the wet periods for the area of Vojvodina, maps for a timescale of 6 months (SPI6) were made for the vegetation season (April-September) of 2010. By analyzing the maps, it can be concluded that there were four categories of humidity conditions occurring in the observed period – from normal humidity conditions through moderate to very humid and extremely humid conditions.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125567154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0003
M. Vekić, Đ. Savić, S. Jotanović
Summary In order to determine phenotypic correlations between the quality traits of eggs from 41-week-old broiler breeder hens (Cobb 500), a total of 105 eggs suitable for incubation were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The average values of egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell weight, and shell ratio were 66.90 g, 60.00 mm, 44.81 mm, 74.70%, 0.37 mm, 6.07 g, and 9.07%, respectively. Moreover, the average values of yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk ratio, albumen ratio, Haugh units, yolk index, and yolk-to-albumen ratio were 20.04 g, 40.80 g, 29.97%, 60.95%, 82.12, 46.17%, and 0.49, respectively. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the egg weight and the egg length (0.75), egg width (0.80), shell (0.55), yolk (0.60), albumen weight (0.91), and albumen ratio (0.25). However, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the egg weight and both the yolk ratio (-0.20) and yolk-to-albumen ratio (-0.23). The egg shape index proved not to be significantly correlated with any of the internal egg quality traits considered. The shell thickness was in a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) with the shell weight (0.83) and ratio (0.86), whereas a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the shell thickness and yolk ratio (-0.23). The Haugh units were in a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the albumen ratio (0.24) and yolk index (0.27), whereas a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) was found between the Haugh units and both the yolk ratio (-0.22) and yolk-to-albumen ratio (-0.23). The results obtained confirm significant phenotypic correlations not only between egg weight and the egg quality traits considered, but also between a number of external and internal quality traits of broiler hatching eggs.
{"title":"Phenotypic Correlations Between Egg Quality Traits Amid the Laying Phase of Broiler Breeder Hens","authors":"M. Vekić, Đ. Savić, S. Jotanović","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In order to determine phenotypic correlations between the quality traits of eggs from 41-week-old broiler breeder hens (Cobb 500), a total of 105 eggs suitable for incubation were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The average values of egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell weight, and shell ratio were 66.90 g, 60.00 mm, 44.81 mm, 74.70%, 0.37 mm, 6.07 g, and 9.07%, respectively. Moreover, the average values of yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk ratio, albumen ratio, Haugh units, yolk index, and yolk-to-albumen ratio were 20.04 g, 40.80 g, 29.97%, 60.95%, 82.12, 46.17%, and 0.49, respectively. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the egg weight and the egg length (0.75), egg width (0.80), shell (0.55), yolk (0.60), albumen weight (0.91), and albumen ratio (0.25). However, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the egg weight and both the yolk ratio (-0.20) and yolk-to-albumen ratio (-0.23). The egg shape index proved not to be significantly correlated with any of the internal egg quality traits considered. The shell thickness was in a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) with the shell weight (0.83) and ratio (0.86), whereas a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the shell thickness and yolk ratio (-0.23). The Haugh units were in a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the albumen ratio (0.24) and yolk index (0.27), whereas a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) was found between the Haugh units and both the yolk ratio (-0.22) and yolk-to-albumen ratio (-0.23). The results obtained confirm significant phenotypic correlations not only between egg weight and the egg quality traits considered, but also between a number of external and internal quality traits of broiler hatching eggs.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129792054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2022-0018
Maja Šumaruna, S. Mikić, V. Mladenov, J. Bocanski, Rada Šućur, D. Trkulja
Summary The purpose of this research is to examine the variability in yields and yield components of wheat cultivars in Northern Serbia, examine and visualize their groupings and relationships, and determine the correlations between their traits using principal components analysis (PCA). A total of fifteen wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.), developed in 10 different countries over a period exceeding 70 years, were analyzed during the growing seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Rimski šančevi, the experimental station of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. A phenotypic analysis was performed for the following wheat traits: spike weight, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, an analysis of variance, a correlation analysis for interactions between the traits considered, and PCA. The results obtained indicate significant differences between the genotypes according to all the traits examined. The correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the yields produced and nearly all yield components. The PCA confirmed the relationship between the traits examined, grouped the genotypes according to their performance, and highlighted the genotypes eligible for future breeding and research.
{"title":"Evaluation of and Variability in Yields and Yield Components of Wheat Cultivars in Northern Serbia","authors":"Maja Šumaruna, S. Mikić, V. Mladenov, J. Bocanski, Rada Šućur, D. Trkulja","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of this research is to examine the variability in yields and yield components of wheat cultivars in Northern Serbia, examine and visualize their groupings and relationships, and determine the correlations between their traits using principal components analysis (PCA). A total of fifteen wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.), developed in 10 different countries over a period exceeding 70 years, were analyzed during the growing seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Rimski šančevi, the experimental station of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. A phenotypic analysis was performed for the following wheat traits: spike weight, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, an analysis of variance, a correlation analysis for interactions between the traits considered, and PCA. The results obtained indicate significant differences between the genotypes according to all the traits examined. The correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the yields produced and nearly all yield components. The PCA confirmed the relationship between the traits examined, grouped the genotypes according to their performance, and highlighted the genotypes eligible for future breeding and research.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":"36 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116002783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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