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Community Driven Development: The Case of Fadama II Cooperatives in Alleviating Poverty in a Developing Country 社区驱动的发展:法达玛II合作社在一个发展中国家减轻贫困的案例
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0009
R. Adeyemo, A. Kehinde
Summary This study investigated the effects of Fadama II cooperatives on poverty status of farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the level of participation in Fadama II cooperatives among the participants; determined the factors influencing the level of participation in Fadama II cooperatives; examined the poverty status of the participants in Fadama II cooperatives; and determined the effects of Fadama II cooperatives on the poverty status of the participants. The study was conducted in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for this study. A total number of 150 farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, participation index, multinomial logit regression model, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) index, and Probit regression model. The result showed that the respondents participated in the designated activities carried out within their respective Fadama II cooperatives, with the maximum participation in payment of counterpart fund (100%), followed by participatory rural appraisal process (86.7%). Participation index revealed that the majority (46.7%) of the respondents had their level of participation above the grand mean. Interestingly, gender, farming experience and income from Fadama II cooperative positively and significantly influenced both partial and full participation in Fadama II cooperatives. The poverty line is observed to be ₦44300 per month ($115.36 per month). The incidence, depth and severity of poverty are estimated to be 0.28, 0.067 and 0.013, respectively. Probit estimates revealed that Fadama II cooperatives had significant and positive effect on alleviating the poverty status of the participants. Following the findings of the study, government and non-governmental organizations are encouraged to ensure that more farmers participate in Fadama II cooperatives. In addition, the approach of Fadama II cooperatives should be adopted for intervention programmes in developing countries that depend on agriculture not only for feeding their population but also as a business venture.
本研究调查了Fadama II合作社对尼日利亚奥约州农户贫困状况的影响。具体而言,该研究评估了参与者对Fadama II合作社的参与程度;确定了影响法达玛二期合作社参与水平的因素;审查了法达玛二期合作社参与者的贫穷状况;并确定Fadama II合作社对参与者贫困状况的影响。这项研究在尼日利亚西南部的奥约州进行。本研究采用多阶段抽样程序来选择调查对象。总共有150名农民被选为研究对象。采用描述性统计、参与指数、多项logit回归模型、Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT)指数和Probit回归模型对数据进行分析。结果显示,受访者在各自的Fadama II合作社内参与了指定的活动,其中对对应资金支付的参与度最高(100%),其次是参与性农村评估过程(86.7%)。参与指数显示,大多数受访者(46.7%)的参与水平高于平均水平。有趣的是,性别、农业经验和Fadama II合作社的收入对Fadama II合作社的部分和充分参与都产生了积极和显著的影响。据观察,贫困线为每月奈拉44300(每月115.36美元)。贫困发生率、深度和严重程度估计分别为0.28、0.067和0.013。Probit估计显示,Fadama II合作社对减轻参与者的贫困状况具有显著的积极作用。根据研究结果,鼓励政府和非政府组织确保更多的农民参加Fadama II合作社。此外,发展中国家的干预方案应采用第二法达马合作社的办法,因为这些国家不仅依靠农业养活其人口,而且还依靠农业作为商业活动。
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引用次数: 6
Quercetin Improves the Endocrine Function of Rat Testicular Tissue Under in Vitro Conditions 槲皮素在体外条件下改善大鼠睾丸组织内分泌功能
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0001
F. Benko, Patrik Hrnčiar, N. Lukáč, R. Kirchner, E. Tvrdá
Summary Compounds of natural origin are often used for their beneficial effects on the male endocrine system and the synthesis of steroid biomolecules in testicular tissue. One of such compounds is quercetin (QUE), which belongs to the flavonoid family and is found in a wide range of vegetables, fruits and plant products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of QUE on the endocrine function of rat testicular fragments under in vitro conditions. Testicular fragments from adult Wistar rats (n=9), cultured in the D-MEM medium with different concentrations of QUE (namely 1, 10 and 100 µmol/L) for 24 h at 37°C (5% CO2), were used in the experiment conducted. Following culture, the medium was separated and the levels of cholesterol (CHOL) and male hormones were measured. CHOL values were quantified spectrophotometrically, whereas the concentrations of androstenedione (ANDRO), dehydropeiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone (TEST) were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kit. The results obtained indicate that 10 µmol/L QUE significantly increased (P<0.001; P<0.05) the concentrations of all the steroid biomolecules considered (CHOL, ANDRO, DHEA and TEST) when compared to the control samples. Accordingly, our findings confirm the positive impact of QUE on the endocrine function and steroidogenesis of rat testicular tissue under in vitro conditions.
天然来源的化合物因其对男性内分泌系统的有益作用和睾丸组织中类固醇生物分子的合成而经常被使用。其中一种化合物是槲皮素(QUE),它属于类黄酮家族,广泛存在于蔬菜、水果和植物产品中。本研究的目的是在体外条件下评价QUE对大鼠睾丸碎片内分泌功能的影响。实验采用成年Wistar大鼠睾丸碎片(n=9),在含有不同浓度QUE(分别为1、10和100µmol/L)的D-MEM培养基中,在37℃(5% CO2)下培养24 h。培养后,分离培养基,测定胆固醇(CHOL)和雄性激素水平。采用分光光度法定量测定CHOL值,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)商用试剂盒定量测定雄烯二酮(ANDRO)、脱氢雄酮(DHEA)和睾酮(TEST)浓度。结果表明,10µmol/L的QUE显著升高(P<0.001;P<0.05)与对照样品相比,考虑的所有类固醇生物分子(CHOL, ANDRO, DHEA和TEST)的浓度。因此,我们的研究结果证实了QUE在体外条件下对大鼠睾丸组织内分泌功能和甾体生成的积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Proline in Mitigating the Deleterious Effects of Heat Stress in Chillies 脯氨酸在缓解辣椒热胁迫中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0006
Shahbazi Akram, C. M. Ayyub, M. Shahzad, A. Shahzad
Summary Chilli is a spicy crop which belongs to family Solanaceae. As a vegetable crop, it is considered as one of the major cultivated crops in the world seriously affected by the climatic changes, including elevation in temperature. Therefore, in this research various morpho-physiological characteristics of chilli were studied for heat tolerance under the influence of exogenous application of proline. This research was carried out in a growth room of the Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Four chilli genotypes were evaluated under the applied conditions. Seeds were grown in plastic pots. Heat stress (40/32 ºC day and night temperature) was applied 30 days after the emergence. Foliar spray of proline (0, 5 and 10 mM) was applied during heat stress, and after 7 days of stress the plants were harvested. The results revealed that the inhibition of chilli growth by heat stress was successfully mediated by proline application. Morphological attributes such as the number of leaves per plant, root and shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight were reduced in response to heat stress, and physiological attributes such as photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and chlorophyll contents were also reduced in response to heat stress, except transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, which increased under heat stress and showed recovery by proline application. Exogenous application of proline promoted tolerance against heat stress in chilli genotypes and enhanced growth. All the observed traits exhibited recovery in response to proline stimulus, indicating the role of proline in mitigating the consequences of heat stress. Recovery also depends on genetic capability of various cultivars.
辣椒是一种辣味作物,属于茄科。作为一种蔬菜作物,它被认为是世界上受气温升高等气候变化影响严重的主要栽培作物之一。因此,本研究对外源脯氨酸对辣椒耐热性的影响进行了多种形态生理特性的研究。这项研究是在巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德农业大学园艺科学研究所的一个生长室内进行的。在应用条件下对4种辣椒基因型进行了评价。种子在塑料盆里种植。热应激(40/32ºC昼夜温度)在羽化后30天施加。在热胁迫期间叶面喷施0、5和10 mM脯氨酸,胁迫7 d后收获植株。结果表明,脯氨酸的应用成功地介导了热胁迫对辣椒生长的抑制。除蒸腾速率和气孔导度在热胁迫下升高并通过脯氨酸处理恢复外,单株叶片数、根冠长、植株鲜重和干重等形态指标在热胁迫下降低,光合速率、水分利用效率和叶绿素含量等生理指标也在热胁迫下降低。外源应用脯氨酸可提高辣椒基因型对热胁迫的耐受性,促进辣椒生长。这些性状在脯氨酸刺激下均有恢复,说明脯氨酸在缓解热应激中的作用。恢复也取决于不同品种的遗传能力。
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引用次数: 5
The Capacity of Soil Microalgae to Improve Germination and Initial Growth of White Radish and Kohlrabi 土壤微藻促进白萝卜和大头菜发芽和初生的能力
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0007
V. Seman, T. Hajnal-Jafari, S. Đurić, D. Stamenov
Summary Biofertilizers and biostimulators have become alternative sources of plant nutrients. Biofertilizers derived from microalgae represent a new approach in plant production. The aim of the study was to examine the capacity of the microalgal cell suspension to improve germination and initial growth (root and shoot length) of white Icicle Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). By applying soil microalgal biofertilizer, initial growth was improved. Compared to the control, the root length of white radish was increased by 64.24% and 41.32%, using Chlorella sp. and Dictyosphaerium sp. cell suspension, respectively. Kohlrabi root growth was stimulated by application of Chlorella sp. and Dictyosphaerium sp. suspension by 60.97% and 55.02%, respectively. A significant difference in the shoot length was recorded, as well.
生物肥料和生物刺激剂已成为植物营养的替代来源。从微藻中提取生物肥料是植物生产的新途径。本研究的目的是研究微藻细胞悬浮液对白萝卜(Raphanus sativus)和大头菜(Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)萌发和初始生长(根和茎长)的影响。施用土壤微藻生物肥,有利于微藻的初期生长。与对照相比,小球藻(Chlorella)和盘球藻(Dictyosphaerium)细胞悬浮液分别使白萝卜的根长增加了64.24%和41.32%。施用小球藻悬浮液对大头菜根系生长的促进作用分别为60.97%和55.02%。拍摄长度也有显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Creating Maps in R (Case Study: National Park “Fruška Gora”) 在R中创建地图(案例研究:国家公园Fruška Gora)
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0008
Milena Lakicevic
Summary This paper aims to present the possibilities for creating maps in the programming language R. Even though R is primarily developed as a statistical program, its application in the area of mapping and spatial statistics is becoming frequent and highly relevant. Many R packages make the mapping process easier and user-friendly, and this paper presents the most commonly used ones: “leaflet”, “ggplot2” and “ggmap”. The selection of the R package depends on the user’s proficiency in R programming but also depends on the visual quality of the map the user wants to gain. Based on the questionnaire conducted in this research, the paper recommends application of the “leaflet” package for the beginners, the “ggplot2” package for medium proficient users, and the “ggmap” package for the most advanced R users. After creating maps in R it is possible to conduct additional analysis related to processing of the spatial data contained within, and this would be a recommendation for future research. In this paper, the mapping process is demonstrated on the case study of the National Park “Fruška gora” in Serbia, and different types of maps are presented.
本文旨在介绍在编程语言R中创建地图的可能性。尽管R主要是作为统计程序开发的,但它在制图和空间统计领域的应用正变得越来越频繁和高度相关。许多R包使映射过程更容易和用户友好,本文介绍了最常用的几个:“传单”,“ggplot2”和“ggmap”。R包的选择取决于用户对R编程的熟练程度,也取决于用户想要获得的地图的视觉质量。根据本研究进行的问卷调查,本文建议初学者使用“传单”包,中等熟练用户使用“ggplot2”包,高级R用户使用“ggmap”包。在R中创建地图之后,可以进行与处理其中包含的空间数据相关的额外分析,这将是未来研究的建议。本文以塞尔维亚“Fruška gora”国家公园为例,展示了地图制作过程,并介绍了不同类型的地图。
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引用次数: 0
Piglet Body Weight Variation and the Influence of Birth Weight on Piglet Growth During Lactation and Weaning 哺乳和断奶仔猪体重变化及初生体重对仔猪生长的影响
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0002
M. Mirkov, I. Radović, M. Polovinski-Horvatović, Ljiljana Tovilović, Slobodan Konjević, Velibor Vasiljević
Summary Piglets are an important category in pig farming which should, alongside sows, be considered essential production heads. Over the past decades, the intensive selection in pig production has given priority to economically important traits resulting in greater feed utilization and obtaining more piglets from fewer sows. However, such selection practices have failed to improve the overall vitality of piglets and their ability to survive immediately after birth or during their stay in the farrowing unit. Body weight is of great importance in pig production, especially the piglet body weight at birth. A number of parameters can be predicted according to the piglet birth weight: mortality and growth rate, the physiological status of the heard, sensitivity to external influences, vitality and etc. The purpose of this paper is to determine the piglet body weight variation from birth to weaning (measured at birth, 3 hours after birth, 24 hours after birth and at weaning) and to examine the relationship between the birth weight of piglets and their body weight during the transition into nursing. A total of 105 piglets were enrolled in this study from the F1 generation sows followed through eight consecutive parities. The paper presents the results obtained using descriptive statistics, as well as variance and correlation analysis. The relationship between the piglet body weight at different stages of their life and overall production parameters was found to emphasize the centrality of housing conditions as the piglet weight at birth exerts a great impact on the body weight of older piglets, especially in the first days of the piglet life. Therefore, the proper care of piglets in farrowing units is of paramount importance to pig production, especially because piglets have lower body weight at birth nowadays than before.
仔猪是养猪业中的一个重要类别,应该与母猪一起被认为是必不可少的生产头。在过去的几十年里,养猪生产中的集约化选择优先考虑经济上重要的性状,从而提高饲料利用率,从更少的母猪中获得更多的仔猪。然而,这样的选择并不能提高仔猪的整体活力和它们在出生后或在产房逗留期间的生存能力。体重在生猪生产中占有重要的地位,尤其是仔猪出生时的体重。根据仔猪的出生体重可以预测许多参数:死亡率和生长率、仔猪的生理状态、对外界影响的敏感性、活力等。本文的目的是测定仔猪从出生到断奶的体重变化(出生时、出生后3小时、出生后24小时和断奶时测量),并研究仔猪在过渡到哺乳期间的出生体重与体重之间的关系。本研究共选用F1代母猪105头仔猪,连续8胎。本文介绍了用描述性统计、方差分析和相关分析得到的结果。仔猪不同生命阶段体重与整体生产参数之间的关系强调了猪舍条件的中心地位,因为仔猪出生时的体重对大龄仔猪的体重有很大影响,特别是在仔猪生命的最初几天。因此,在产仔单位对仔猪的适当照顾对生猪生产至关重要,特别是因为现在仔猪出生时的体重比以前低。
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引用次数: 0
Social Capital of Farmers in the Rural Communities of Vojvodina 伏伊伏丁那省农村社区农民的社会资本
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0005
D. Janković, M. Novakov, M. Petrović
Summary The development of rural areas is a complex social, economic, political and cultural issue of immense importance to the development of society as a whole. The vitality of rural communities, which represent a specific socio-spatial phenomenon, affects the development of global society and is inextricably linked to the development and issues of urban areas of each society. Both in theory and development practice, rural development as a complex and enduring process has long been unjustifiably reduced to the economic-agrarian matrix, often reflected in the modernization of agriculture and the centralized and sectoral management of and influence on rural development. The primary focus of this paper is on the social capital of rural communities, i.e. social relations and connections within local rural communities which, alongside other important development factors, are one of the prerequisites to maintaining their vitality. The paper presents the results of a survey on social capital conducted on 281 farms in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia), indicating the characteristics of the social capital on the farms considered and the farmers’ attitudes towards the development and life of their local communities. The social capital of the surveyed farmers was found to be only relatively good, suggesting that the overall social capital in Serbia is underdeveloped because all the farms considered are located in Vojvodina, i.e. the most developed agricultural area in Serbia characterized by rural settlements with the most favorable infrastructural, demographic and economic conditions.
农村地区的发展是一个复杂的社会、经济、政治和文化问题,对整个社会的发展至关重要。农村社区的活力是一种特殊的社会空间现象,它影响着全球社会的发展,并与每个社会城市地区的发展和问题有着千丝万缕的联系。在理论和发展实践中,农村发展作为一个复杂而持久的过程,长期以来一直被不合理地归结为经济-土地矩阵,这往往反映在农业现代化和对农村发展的集中和部门管理及其影响上。本文主要关注的是农村社区的社会资本,即当地农村社区内部的社会关系和联系,这与其他重要的发展因素一样,是保持农村社区活力的先决条件之一。本文介绍了对伏伊伏丁那(塞尔维亚)地区281个农场进行的社会资本调查的结果,表明了所考虑的农场社会资本的特征以及农民对当地社区发展和生活的态度。被调查农民的社会资本被发现只是相对较好,这表明塞尔维亚的整体社会资本不发达,因为所有被考虑的农场都位于伏伊伏丁那,即塞尔维亚最发达的农业地区,其特点是农村定居点拥有最有利的基础设施、人口和经济条件。
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引用次数: 1
The Occurrence of Heavy Metals (Cadmium and Lead) in the Liver of Hogs in the Region of Vojvodina 伏伊伏丁那地区猪肝脏中重金属(镉和铅)的发生
Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0003
M. P. Horvatović, I. Radović, I. Jajić, S. Krstović, M. Mirkov
Summary The purpose of this research is to investigate the occurrence of two heavy metals (namely cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)) in the liver of hogs bred in different locations in Vojvodina. A total of 30 liver samples were collected from ten pig farms in Vojvodina for experimental purposes in the period from December 2017 to January 2018. The samples collected were analysed for the presence of lead and cadmium. The average concentration of lead in all the samples was 0.39 mg/kg wet weight, whereas the samples from only one farm of the ten considered were found to contain a slightly higher average lead concentration than permitted by the Serbian standard. A lead concentration of 0.86 mg/kg wet weight was detected in one liver sample from this farm. The maximum permitted lead concentration was exceeded in the liver samples obtained from three farms. However, all the liver samples analysed were found to contain the permitted levels of cadmium, with an average cadmium concentration of 0.12 mg/kg wet weight and a maximum cadmium concentration of 0.48 mg/kg wet weight. The occurrence of heavy metals and their origin in the pig’s offals should be examined in greater detail in future research, especially because pig’s offals are used in the meat processing industry.
摘要本研究的目的是调查伏伊伏丁那省不同地点饲养的猪肝脏中镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)两种重金属的含量。2017年12月至2018年1月期间,研究人员从伏伊伏丁那省的10个养猪场采集了30份肝脏样本用于实验目的。对收集的样品进行了分析,看是否含有铅和镉。所有样品的平均铅浓度为0.39毫克/公斤湿重,而在考虑的十个农场中,只有一个农场的样品的平均铅浓度被发现略高于塞尔维亚标准所允许的水平。在该农场的一个肝脏样本中检测到铅浓度为0.86 mg/kg湿重。从三个农场取得的肝脏样本中,铅含量超过最高容许浓度。然而,经分析的所有肝脏样本均发现镉含量符合允许水平,平均镉浓度为每公斤湿重0.12毫克,最高镉浓度为每公斤湿重0.48毫克。在未来的研究中,应该更详细地检查猪内脏中重金属的出现及其来源,特别是因为猪内脏被用于肉类加工业。
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引用次数: 2
Attitude of Vegetable Farmers in Galle District in Sri Lanka Towards Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) 斯里兰卡加勒地区菜农对良好农业规范(GAP)的态度
Pub Date : 2021-02-08 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0010
S. Malkanthi, A. Thenuwara, W. Weerasinghe
Summary Vegetable farmers are facing a number of challenges including price fluctuations, production and marketing problems, low level of income etc. One strategy to overcome these problems is adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in vegetable production. However, there is limited information regarding farmers’ awareness of GAP and its applications under the circumstances of farming in the country. Therefore, assessing farmers’ attitude is a timely requirement for directing farmers towards good agricultural practices. Thus, the objectives of the research were to assess the level of awareness of GAP program, relationship between socio-economic factors and awareness of GAP, farmers’ attitudes towards GAP program, factors affecting the willingness to adopt GAP program and the potentials and constraints in implementing GAP program in Galle District. A sample of 100 vegetable farmers in the district was selected through a multi-stage simple random sampling technique. Data were collected from March to July 2018, through a self-administered questionnaire survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The results revealed that the majority of vegetable farmers in the district were middle-aged males who had studied up to GCE ordinary level and they received a monthly income of 24000 LKR. Their age, gender, educational level and experience were significantly associated with the level of awareness of GAP program. However, despite their positive attitude towards GAP, most farmers were unwilling to take a risk to adopt GAP due to many issues such as lack of required inputs, capital, required field conditions, information and technical know-how. There are several potentials and also many constraints for implementing GAP in the district. Therefore, providing firstly better theoretical knowledge and then providing the main requirements will motivate more farmers to adopt GAP in their vegetable production procedures. Research studies related to application of GAP by Sri Lankan farmers are still at a lower level. This research thus will be useful for different stakeholders related to adoption of GAP in Sri Lanka.
菜农面临着价格波动、产销问题、收入水平低等诸多挑战。克服这些问题的一个策略是在蔬菜生产中采用良好农业规范(GAP)。然而,关于农民对GAP的认识及其在该国农业情况下的应用的信息有限。因此,评估农民的态度是指导农民采用良好农业规范的及时要求。因此,本研究旨在评估加勒地区对GAP计划的认知程度、社会经济因素与GAP计划认知的关系、农民对GAP计划的态度、影响GAP计划实施意愿的因素以及实施GAP计划的潜力和制约因素。采用多阶段简单随机抽样的方法,选取全区100名菜农为样本。数据收集时间为2018年3月至7月,采用自填问卷调查,采用描述性统计和卡方检验进行分析。结果显示,该地区的大多数菜农是中年男性,他们的学业达到普通中等教育水平,月收入为24000斯里兰卡卢比。他们的年龄、性别、受教育程度和经历与GAP计划的认知水平显著相关。然而,尽管他们对GAP持积极态度,但由于缺乏所需的投入、资金、所需的田间条件、信息和技术诀窍等诸多问题,大多数农民不愿意冒险采用GAP。在该地区实施GAP既有若干潜力,也有许多制约因素。因此,首先提供更好的理论知识,然后提供主要要求,将激励更多的农民在蔬菜生产过程中采用GAP。与斯里兰卡农民应用GAP有关的研究仍处于较低水平。因此,这项研究将对与斯里兰卡采用GAP有关的不同利益相关者有用。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Assessment of Coping Strategies Adopted by Rural Households During Economic Recession: A Case of Osun State, Nigeria 经济衰退时期农村家庭应对策略的性别评估——以尼日利亚奥逊州为例
Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2020-0011
D. Alabi, O. Alao, Michael Famakinwa, Temiloluwa Rebecca Ogunleke
Summary The study assessed coping strategies adopted during economic recession by male and female members of rural households in Osun State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the perceived causes of economic recession, investigated the perceived effects and identified the coping strategies adopted by the male and female members of the rural households during economic recession and their level of adoption. A multistage procedure was used to select 120 respondents from 6 local Government Areas of the State. An interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. The collected data were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, means and independent T-test analysis. The mean ages of the male and female respondents were 45.2 ± 14.1 years and 37 ± 12.6 years respectively. The majority of the males (78.3%) and females (80%) were married with the mean household size of 7 ± 3 people for the male and 6 ± 2 for the female respondents. The cause of economic recession mostly perceived by the male and female respondents was poor economic planning (mean=3.87, 3.77), while prioritizing spending (mean=2.80, 2.52) was the most adopted strategy by both males and females. No significant difference was found in the effects of economic recession on the male and female respondents (t = -0.19; p >0.05) and likewise no significant difference was found in their economic recession coping strategies (t=0.115; p ≥ 0.05). The study concluded that there was no significant difference in the economic recession coping strategies between the male and female members of rural households in the study area.
本研究评估了尼日利亚奥松州农村家庭男女成员在经济衰退期间采取的应对策略。本研究具体考察了经济衰退的感知原因,调查了经济衰退的感知影响,并确定了农村家庭男女成员在经济衰退期间采取的应对策略及其采用程度。采用多阶段程序从该州6个地方政府区选出120名受访者。访谈时间表用于收集受访者的数据。收集的数据使用适当的描述性和推断性统计进行分析,如频率计数、百分比、平均值和独立t检验分析。男性平均年龄为45.2±14.1岁,女性平均年龄为37±12.6岁。调查对象中男性(78.3%)和女性(80%)以已婚居多,平均家庭人数男性为(7±3)人,女性为(6±2)人。男性和女性受访者认为经济衰退的主要原因是经济规划不佳(平均=3.87,3.77),而优先支出(平均=2.80,2.52)是男性和女性最采用的策略。经济衰退对男性和女性受访者的影响无显著差异(t = -0.19;P < 0.05),在经济衰退应对策略方面也无显著差异(t=0.115;P≥0.05)。研究发现,研究区农村家庭男女成员在经济衰退应对策略上无显著差异。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Contemporary Agriculture
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