Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0020
S. Gvozdenac, Biljana Kiprovski, M. Aćimović, Jovana Stanković Jeremić, M. Cvetkovic, V. Bursić, Jelena Ovuka
Summary The purpose of this study is to assess the repellent activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil (EO), grown in Serbia under greenhouse conditions, against four prevalent stored product pests: Plodia interpunctella (larvae), Sitophilus oryzae, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Tribolium castaneum (adults). The lemongrass EO repellency was tested using filter paper in Petri dishes and a Y-tube olfactometer. According to the repellency index (RI), the lemongrass EO repellency was divided into 5 classes. Prior to biotesting, the chemical characterization of lemongrass EO was performed and the following main compounds were detected: myrcene (31.0%), geranial (30.0%), and neral (23.6%). The C. citratus EO considered was found to exhibit the Class III repellent activity against P. interpunctella larvae only at the highest concentration (namely 0.5%). This is the very first report on the C. citratus EO repellent activity against this pest. The lemongrass EO examined showed strong repellency (Class IV) against S. oryzae (0.2% and 0.5% of EO), A. obtectus (0.1% and 0.2%), and T. castaneum (0.05-0.1%). Moreover, higher lemongrass EO concentrations (0.5%) were found to exhibit extreme repellency (Class V) against A. obtectus and T. castaneum. The results obtained were confirmed in the bioassays performed, indicating the great potential of lemongrass EO as a bio-repellent when applied in higher concentrations to all the insects considered, regardless of the exposure period.
{"title":"Repellent Activity of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil Against Four Major Stored Product Pests: Plodia interpunctella, Sitophilus oryzae, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Tribolium castaneum","authors":"S. Gvozdenac, Biljana Kiprovski, M. Aćimović, Jovana Stanković Jeremić, M. Cvetkovic, V. Bursić, Jelena Ovuka","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of this study is to assess the repellent activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil (EO), grown in Serbia under greenhouse conditions, against four prevalent stored product pests: Plodia interpunctella (larvae), Sitophilus oryzae, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Tribolium castaneum (adults). The lemongrass EO repellency was tested using filter paper in Petri dishes and a Y-tube olfactometer. According to the repellency index (RI), the lemongrass EO repellency was divided into 5 classes. Prior to biotesting, the chemical characterization of lemongrass EO was performed and the following main compounds were detected: myrcene (31.0%), geranial (30.0%), and neral (23.6%). The C. citratus EO considered was found to exhibit the Class III repellent activity against P. interpunctella larvae only at the highest concentration (namely 0.5%). This is the very first report on the C. citratus EO repellent activity against this pest. The lemongrass EO examined showed strong repellency (Class IV) against S. oryzae (0.2% and 0.5% of EO), A. obtectus (0.1% and 0.2%), and T. castaneum (0.05-0.1%). Moreover, higher lemongrass EO concentrations (0.5%) were found to exhibit extreme repellency (Class V) against A. obtectus and T. castaneum. The results obtained were confirmed in the bioassays performed, indicating the great potential of lemongrass EO as a bio-repellent when applied in higher concentrations to all the insects considered, regardless of the exposure period.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122968036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0014
Dragana Tekić, N. Novković, B. Mutavdžić, Maja Pokuševski, T. Zoranović
Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine, on the basis of the total production and distribution area parameters analyzed, a potential relationship between the actual production of major vegetable crops in Serbia in the current year and the following year’s distribution of planting areas devoted to the crops considered. The analysis was performed for the period 2005-2019. The results obtained indicate that the current year’s production of certain vegetable crops such as potatoes, cabbage, kale, peppers and beans affect the following year’s distribution of their planting areas.
{"title":"Influence of Total Production on the Planting Structure of Significant Vegetable Crops in the Republic of Serbia","authors":"Dragana Tekić, N. Novković, B. Mutavdžić, Maja Pokuševski, T. Zoranović","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine, on the basis of the total production and distribution area parameters analyzed, a potential relationship between the actual production of major vegetable crops in Serbia in the current year and the following year’s distribution of planting areas devoted to the crops considered. The analysis was performed for the period 2005-2019. The results obtained indicate that the current year’s production of certain vegetable crops such as potatoes, cabbage, kale, peppers and beans affect the following year’s distribution of their planting areas.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120883450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0013
Jelena Golijan, M. Sečanski
Summary Organic agriculture is a food production system that sustains the health of people, soils and ecosystems with no adverse consequences, combining tradition, innovation and science. The development of such type of agricultural production, from its beginnings to the present day, has encompassed a number of specific stages both in Serbia and worldwide. Accordingly, the purpose of this survey study is to present the developmental course of organic agricultural production in Serbia and worldwide. The paper also summarises the state of organic plant production across different regions of Serbia, arguing that the Serbian organic production has been increasing since the 1990s. Following the political changes in Serbia in 2000, foreign donations, investments and organisations have significantly enhanced the country’s organic production sector as a whole. The largest number of organic producers (1/3) and the largest areas devoted to organic farming are concentrated in Vojvodina.
{"title":"The Development of Organic Agriculture in Serbia and Worldwide","authors":"Jelena Golijan, M. Sečanski","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Organic agriculture is a food production system that sustains the health of people, soils and ecosystems with no adverse consequences, combining tradition, innovation and science. The development of such type of agricultural production, from its beginnings to the present day, has encompassed a number of specific stages both in Serbia and worldwide. Accordingly, the purpose of this survey study is to present the developmental course of organic agricultural production in Serbia and worldwide. The paper also summarises the state of organic plant production across different regions of Serbia, arguing that the Serbian organic production has been increasing since the 1990s. Following the political changes in Serbia in 2000, foreign donations, investments and organisations have significantly enhanced the country’s organic production sector as a whole. The largest number of organic producers (1/3) and the largest areas devoted to organic farming are concentrated in Vojvodina.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128369070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0018
Chafia Larouk, F. Gabon, Z. Kehel, A. Djekoun, M. Nachit, A. Amri
Summary This study was conducted to compare and estimate the genetic variability among durum wheat lines in response to drought according to their grain yields and physiological traits. The use of fluorescence parameters as drought selection criteria for durum wheat was investigated in a population of 249 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two cultivars of durum wheat: ‘Svevo’ and ‘Kofa’. The durum wheat RILs considered were analyzed to determine the relationship between their grain yields and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at the grain filling stage under drought stress (rainfed) and supplemental irrigation (irrigated) conditions during the 2004 and 2005 seasons at the ICARDA center. The results obtained show that the durum wheat line performance was influenced by drought stress, indicating significant differences between the grain yields and fluorescence parameters recorded under drought rainfed (RF) and irrigation (IR) conditions. Significant differences between the experimental groups of durum wheat RILs (P<0.05) were only recorded under drought conditions, with the exception of leaf water potential (Lwp). Under such conditions, nearly all the parameters examined were significantly increased in the high-yielding group (with the exception of the Que parameter), thus revealing the genetic variability of the durum wheat lines considered in response to drought stress. The potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was found to be positively associated with the grain yield parameter. The mean values of Fv/Fm in both the high- and low-yielding groups significantly dropped under drought stress (0.71 and 0.68, respectively) compared to the Fv/Fm values recorded under irrigated conditions (0.80 and 0.81). Under drought conditions, slopes were highly significant (P<0.001) nearly for all the fluorescence parameters examined (with the exception of CHLSPAD) compared to those recorded under irrigation conditions. It was concluded that chlorophyll content (SPAD), F0, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Lwp, and Que could be used as additional indicators in screening wheat germplasm for drought tolerance.
{"title":"Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Drought Tolerance in a Mapping Population of Durum Wheat","authors":"Chafia Larouk, F. Gabon, Z. Kehel, A. Djekoun, M. Nachit, A. Amri","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This study was conducted to compare and estimate the genetic variability among durum wheat lines in response to drought according to their grain yields and physiological traits. The use of fluorescence parameters as drought selection criteria for durum wheat was investigated in a population of 249 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two cultivars of durum wheat: ‘Svevo’ and ‘Kofa’. The durum wheat RILs considered were analyzed to determine the relationship between their grain yields and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at the grain filling stage under drought stress (rainfed) and supplemental irrigation (irrigated) conditions during the 2004 and 2005 seasons at the ICARDA center. The results obtained show that the durum wheat line performance was influenced by drought stress, indicating significant differences between the grain yields and fluorescence parameters recorded under drought rainfed (RF) and irrigation (IR) conditions. Significant differences between the experimental groups of durum wheat RILs (P<0.05) were only recorded under drought conditions, with the exception of leaf water potential (Lwp). Under such conditions, nearly all the parameters examined were significantly increased in the high-yielding group (with the exception of the Que parameter), thus revealing the genetic variability of the durum wheat lines considered in response to drought stress. The potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was found to be positively associated with the grain yield parameter. The mean values of Fv/Fm in both the high- and low-yielding groups significantly dropped under drought stress (0.71 and 0.68, respectively) compared to the Fv/Fm values recorded under irrigated conditions (0.80 and 0.81). Under drought conditions, slopes were highly significant (P<0.001) nearly for all the fluorescence parameters examined (with the exception of CHLSPAD) compared to those recorded under irrigation conditions. It was concluded that chlorophyll content (SPAD), F0, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Lwp, and Que could be used as additional indicators in screening wheat germplasm for drought tolerance.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115422304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0017
M. Polovinski-Horvatović
Summary NSP (non-starch polysaccharides) are a large group of compounds, which vary greatly in their chemical structure and properties. They are linked with the use of some of the alternative proteins or energy feed ingredients in broiler nutrition. Exogenous enzymes which act on NSP are sometimes in broiler production with the purpose of increasing digestibility of nutrients and consequently increasing broiler performance in production. This paper will attempt to review changes occurring in the digestive tract as a result of the use of feed with NSP soluble and insoluble in water, and the effect of NSPase on them, in terms of how an animal organism is burdened or helped to overcome the problems.
{"title":"A Mini Review of the Effects of NSP and Exogenous Enzymes in Broiler Diets on Digestibility and Some Intestinal Functions","authors":"M. Polovinski-Horvatović","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Summary NSP (non-starch polysaccharides) are a large group of compounds, which vary greatly in their chemical structure and properties. They are linked with the use of some of the alternative proteins or energy feed ingredients in broiler nutrition. Exogenous enzymes which act on NSP are sometimes in broiler production with the purpose of increasing digestibility of nutrients and consequently increasing broiler performance in production. This paper will attempt to review changes occurring in the digestive tract as a result of the use of feed with NSP soluble and insoluble in water, and the effect of NSPase on them, in terms of how an animal organism is burdened or helped to overcome the problems.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134378267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0015
B. Konstantinović, Anamarija Koren, Mirjana Kojić, N. Samardžić, V. Sikora, M. Popov
Summary Allelopathic effects of different plant allelochemicals have become the focus of studies that aim to determine new pesticidal compounds. Plant extracts with different chemical compositions can be obtained using different methods of extraction, whereas studies dealing with allelopathic properties use biotests to obtain fast and precise results. Such studies were undertaken after noticing the allelopathic effects of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on the surrounding crops. Trials that involve the application of hemp extracts obtained by different methods resulted in determining the hemp allelopathic effects on Stellaria media (L.)Scop., Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. vulgaris, Lupinus albus L., corn (Zea mays L.), Cyperus rotundus L., Matricaria recutita L., Lepidium sativum L., lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereal M. Bieb.), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., and Sorghum halepense L..
{"title":"Allelopathic Properties of Hemp","authors":"B. Konstantinović, Anamarija Koren, Mirjana Kojić, N. Samardžić, V. Sikora, M. Popov","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Allelopathic effects of different plant allelochemicals have become the focus of studies that aim to determine new pesticidal compounds. Plant extracts with different chemical compositions can be obtained using different methods of extraction, whereas studies dealing with allelopathic properties use biotests to obtain fast and precise results. Such studies were undertaken after noticing the allelopathic effects of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on the surrounding crops. Trials that involve the application of hemp extracts obtained by different methods resulted in determining the hemp allelopathic effects on Stellaria media (L.)Scop., Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. vulgaris, Lupinus albus L., corn (Zea mays L.), Cyperus rotundus L., Matricaria recutita L., Lepidium sativum L., lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereal M. Bieb.), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., and Sorghum halepense L..","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130442292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0012
L. Nanganoa, F. Ngome, Juliana Namein Ngong, Sone Kone Edigar Atache, Jeremiah Ndande Ebonlo, J. Njukeng
Summary Declining soil fertility and low fertilizer use are the major abiotic factors limiting the maize production in Cameroon. Therefore, the design and introduction of appropriate fertilizer schemes, which would improve maize yields and provide incentives for smallholder farmers, are considered imperative. In 2018, a field experiment was conducted on the farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) in Ekona, the south-west region of Cameroon, to investigate the profitability and impact of inorganic fertilizers on maize production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and four treatments, using different fertilizer rates per hectare in each treatment (namely unfertilized control (T1), 50 kg urea + 50 kg N-P-K (T2), 100 kg urea + 100 kg N-P-K (T3) and 150 kg urea + 150 kg N-P-K (T4)). The results obtained indicate that all the maize growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem girth and leaf area) and yield components considered (cob length, cob diameter and test weight of 100 grains) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 than T1. The grain yields recorded ranged from 4.09–5.88 t ha−1 and were also statistically (P < 0.05) higher in T4 than T1. The incremental income based on the fertilizer use was the highest in T4, followed by T3 and T2. The value cost ratio (VCR) was greater than 2 in all the treatments and was found to be highest in T2 (3.15), followed by T4 (2.52) and T3 (2.49). As T2, T3 and T4 did not differ statistically (P > 0.05), all the fertilizer rates considered were economically viable, but T4 provide the most cost-effective due to its higher grain yields and incremental income.
土壤肥力下降和肥料利用率低是限制喀麦隆玉米生产的主要非生物因素。因此，设计和引进适当的肥料方案，这将提高玉米产量并为小农提供激励，被认为是必不可少的。2018年，在喀麦隆西南地区埃科纳农业研究发展研究所(IRAD)的农场进行了一项田间试验，以调查无机肥料对玉米生产的盈利能力和影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计，设4个重复，4个处理，每个处理采用不同的施肥水平(即未施肥对照(T1)、50 kg尿素+ 50 kg N-P-K (T2)、100 kg尿素+ 100 kg N-P-K (T3)和150 kg尿素+ 150 kg N-P-K (T4))。结果表明，T4处理的玉米生长参数(株高、单株叶数、茎长、叶面积)和产量指标(穗轴长、穗轴直径、百粒试重)均显著(P < 0.05)高于T1处理。籽粒产量在4.09 ~ 5.88 t / h - 1之间，且在T4处理下均高于T1处理(P < 0.05)。施肥增收在T4期最高，T3和T2次之。所有处理的价值成本比(VCR)均大于2，其中T2最高(3.15)，T4次之(2.52)，T3次之(2.49)。由于T2、T3和T4三者之间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，因此，所有考虑的施肥量在经济上都是可行的，但T4因其更高的粮食产量和增加的收入而最具成本效益。
{"title":"Profitability and Impact of Inorganic Fertilizers on the Maize Production in Ekona, Cameroon","authors":"L. Nanganoa, F. Ngome, Juliana Namein Ngong, Sone Kone Edigar Atache, Jeremiah Ndande Ebonlo, J. Njukeng","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Declining soil fertility and low fertilizer use are the major abiotic factors limiting the maize production in Cameroon. Therefore, the design and introduction of appropriate fertilizer schemes, which would improve maize yields and provide incentives for smallholder farmers, are considered imperative. In 2018, a field experiment was conducted on the farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) in Ekona, the south-west region of Cameroon, to investigate the profitability and impact of inorganic fertilizers on maize production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and four treatments, using different fertilizer rates per hectare in each treatment (namely unfertilized control (T1), 50 kg urea + 50 kg N-P-K (T2), 100 kg urea + 100 kg N-P-K (T3) and 150 kg urea + 150 kg N-P-K (T4)). The results obtained indicate that all the maize growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem girth and leaf area) and yield components considered (cob length, cob diameter and test weight of 100 grains) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 than T1. The grain yields recorded ranged from 4.09–5.88 t ha−1 and were also statistically (P < 0.05) higher in T4 than T1. The incremental income based on the fertilizer use was the highest in T4, followed by T3 and T2. The value cost ratio (VCR) was greater than 2 in all the treatments and was found to be highest in T2 (3.15), followed by T4 (2.52) and T3 (2.49). As T2, T3 and T4 did not differ statistically (P > 0.05), all the fertilizer rates considered were economically viable, but T4 provide the most cost-effective due to its higher grain yields and incremental income.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127605206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0016
D. Stamenov, S. Đurić, T. H. Jafari
Summary The objective of the present paper was to isolate microorganisms (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Azotobacter sp.) from the rhizospheric soil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and investigate their biostimulatory (plant growth-promoting – PGP) and biocontrol potential. The bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of rosemary included 15 bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, 20 of the genus Bacillus, and 11 of the genus Azotobacter. Based on the morphological characteristics of colonies and cells, representative isolates of each genus were chosen (marked as Pseudomonas sp. P42, P43, P44; for Bacillus isolates B83, B84, B85, B92, B93; and for Azotobacter isolates A15 and A16) for different physiological and biochemical examination. The study included in vitro screening of the bacterial isolates for their PGP and biocontrol properties. Pseudomonas isolates showed the ability to live at low temperature (10ºC) and high pH (9), and to use different sources of carbon. All Pseudomonas isolates produced lipase, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, and utilized organic and inorganic phosphorus, while only isolate P42 produced amylase, pectinase and cellulase. Only Bacillus isolates could grow at 45 ºC (all Bacillus isolates), pH 5 (isolates B83), and on a medium containing NaCl 5 and 7% (all isolates). Isolates denoted as B83 and B93 produced lipase, amylase, and pectinase. All isolates had the ability to solubilize phosphate, produce siderophores (except B85) and hydrogen cyanide, while only two isolates (B84 and B85) produced IAA. Azotobacter isolates had the optimal growth at 37ºC and minimal growth on a medium with pH 6 and 9. All Azotobacter isolates used all carbohydrates as a source of carbon and produced lipase, amylase, and hydrogen cyanide. The best result in suppressing the growth of pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum was achieved by using isolate B92. Application of isolate B83 led to the greatest growth suppression of Sclerotinium sclerotiorum.
{"title":"Biostimulatory Potential of Microorganisms from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Rhizospheric Soil","authors":"D. Stamenov, S. Đurić, T. H. Jafari","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The objective of the present paper was to isolate microorganisms (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Azotobacter sp.) from the rhizospheric soil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and investigate their biostimulatory (plant growth-promoting – PGP) and biocontrol potential. The bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of rosemary included 15 bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, 20 of the genus Bacillus, and 11 of the genus Azotobacter. Based on the morphological characteristics of colonies and cells, representative isolates of each genus were chosen (marked as Pseudomonas sp. P42, P43, P44; for Bacillus isolates B83, B84, B85, B92, B93; and for Azotobacter isolates A15 and A16) for different physiological and biochemical examination. The study included in vitro screening of the bacterial isolates for their PGP and biocontrol properties. Pseudomonas isolates showed the ability to live at low temperature (10ºC) and high pH (9), and to use different sources of carbon. All Pseudomonas isolates produced lipase, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, and utilized organic and inorganic phosphorus, while only isolate P42 produced amylase, pectinase and cellulase. Only Bacillus isolates could grow at 45 ºC (all Bacillus isolates), pH 5 (isolates B83), and on a medium containing NaCl 5 and 7% (all isolates). Isolates denoted as B83 and B93 produced lipase, amylase, and pectinase. All isolates had the ability to solubilize phosphate, produce siderophores (except B85) and hydrogen cyanide, while only two isolates (B84 and B85) produced IAA. Azotobacter isolates had the optimal growth at 37ºC and minimal growth on a medium with pH 6 and 9. All Azotobacter isolates used all carbohydrates as a source of carbon and produced lipase, amylase, and hydrogen cyanide. The best result in suppressing the growth of pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum was achieved by using isolate B92. Application of isolate B83 led to the greatest growth suppression of Sclerotinium sclerotiorum.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114513670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0004
Z. Kanački, Z. Ružić, M. Pajić, S. Jović
Summary An animal experiment can be defined as any procedure in which a live animal is used with the aim of testing a scientific assumption, gathering information, obtaining or testing substances or observing the effect of a particular measure on the animal, as well as using an animal in behavioral experiments. The Ethics Committee (EC) determines how animal testing shall be conducted and, in accordance with the Law on Animal Welfare, provides expert supervision of animal testing, organizes training courses for persons conducting testing, provides expert opinions to the minister regarding ethical and scientific justification of animal testing, and submits annual reports to the minister. The data used in this paper were derived in the course of work of the EC in the period between 2016 and 2018. The meetings of the EC were held on a regular basis and in accordance with the Rules of Procedure. Positive Opinions were issued for most of the submitted Applications (87.5%), while a smaller number was returned (6.25%) or directed to the Council for further consideration (6.25%). In several cases, the EC also issued Opinions that certain experiments are beyond its scope of authority and thus beyond its formal legal capacity. Based on the Application of a candidate, the EC also approved changes in previously issued Opinion to ensure consistency in the documentation. The Committee regularly submitted reports and there were no objections to its work. In accordance with the abovementioned, the performance of the EC can be considered efficient and successful, but it can be further significantly improved by more active effort of the individual members of the EC within their home institutions to educate candidates and raise awareness of the importance of the work performed by the EC.
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Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.2478/contagri-2021-0011
Polina Lemenkova
Summary The study presents a comparative analysis of eight Vegetation Indices (VIs) used to examine vegetation greenness over the northern coasts of Iceland. The geographical extent of the study area is set by the coordinates of the two fjords, Eyjafjörður and Skagafjörður, notable for their agricultural significance. Vegetation in Iceland is fragile due to the harsh climate, climate change, overgrazing and volcanic activity, which increase soil erosion. The study was conducted on a Landsat TM image using SAGA GIS as a technical tool for raster bands calculations. The NDVI dataset shows a range from -0.56 to 0.24, with 0 indicating ‘no vegetation’, and negative values – ‘other surfaces’ (e.g. rocks, open terrain). The DVI, compared to the NDVI, shows statistically non-normalized values ranging from -112 to 0, with extreme negative values while the coastal vegetation areas are badly distinguished from the water areas. The NRVI shows an extent from -0.24 to 0.48 with higher values for vegetation. The NRVI reduces topographic, solar and atmospheric effects and creates a normal data distribution. RVI shows a range in a dataset from 0.2 to 3.2 with vegetation in the river valleys clearly visible and depicted, while the water areas have values 0.8 to 1.0. The CTVI shows corrected TVI, in a data range -0.10 to 1.10, as the dataset of NDVI were negative. The TVI dataset ranges from 0.44 to 0.80 with the ice-covered areas and glaciers distinguishable and water values within a range from 0.60 to 0.64 and the vegetation from 0.60 to 0.44. The TTVI dataset ranges from 0.40 to 0.80 performing similarly to the TVI, but more refined with vegetation values 0.64 to 0.68. SAVI dataset ranges from -0.80 to 0.30 with minimized effects of soil on the vegetation through a constant soil adjustment factor added into the NDVI formula. The paper presents a comparison of eight VIs for Arctic vegetation monitoring. The overall behavior of SAGA GIS in calculation and mapping of the VIs is effective in terms of their use for vegetation mapping of the region.
{"title":"SAGA GIS for Computing Multispectral Vegetation Indices by Landsat TM for Mapping Vegetation Greenness","authors":"Polina Lemenkova","doi":"10.2478/contagri-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The study presents a comparative analysis of eight Vegetation Indices (VIs) used to examine vegetation greenness over the northern coasts of Iceland. The geographical extent of the study area is set by the coordinates of the two fjords, Eyjafjörður and Skagafjörður, notable for their agricultural significance. Vegetation in Iceland is fragile due to the harsh climate, climate change, overgrazing and volcanic activity, which increase soil erosion. The study was conducted on a Landsat TM image using SAGA GIS as a technical tool for raster bands calculations. The NDVI dataset shows a range from -0.56 to 0.24, with 0 indicating ‘no vegetation’, and negative values – ‘other surfaces’ (e.g. rocks, open terrain). The DVI, compared to the NDVI, shows statistically non-normalized values ranging from -112 to 0, with extreme negative values while the coastal vegetation areas are badly distinguished from the water areas. The NRVI shows an extent from -0.24 to 0.48 with higher values for vegetation. The NRVI reduces topographic, solar and atmospheric effects and creates a normal data distribution. RVI shows a range in a dataset from 0.2 to 3.2 with vegetation in the river valleys clearly visible and depicted, while the water areas have values 0.8 to 1.0. The CTVI shows corrected TVI, in a data range -0.10 to 1.10, as the dataset of NDVI were negative. The TVI dataset ranges from 0.44 to 0.80 with the ice-covered areas and glaciers distinguishable and water values within a range from 0.60 to 0.64 and the vegetation from 0.60 to 0.44. The TTVI dataset ranges from 0.40 to 0.80 performing similarly to the TVI, but more refined with vegetation values 0.64 to 0.68. SAVI dataset ranges from -0.80 to 0.30 with minimized effects of soil on the vegetation through a constant soil adjustment factor added into the NDVI formula. The paper presents a comparison of eight VIs for Arctic vegetation monitoring. The overall behavior of SAGA GIS in calculation and mapping of the VIs is effective in terms of their use for vegetation mapping of the region.","PeriodicalId":221412,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122305802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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