Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781559
Jacob Dawes, M. Johnston
Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) is commonly used for manufacturing system-in-package components and multi-chip modules, where multiple integrated circuit dice can be combined in a common, compression-molded epoxy substrate with integrated interconnects and redistribution layers. While highly cost efficient at scale, this approach requires fixed tooling and metallization masks that limit its use for just-in-time configuration or rapid prototyping. In this work, we demonstrate the use of high-resolution 3D-printing for direct-write fabrication of electrical interconnects in conjunction with FOWLP processing. This approach enables both pre-mold deposition, for interconnects embedded in the epoxy substrate, and post-mold deposition, for interconnects fabricated monolithically on the substrate surface. Here, we demonstrate process development and electrical characterization of printed interconnects, along with both pre- and post-mold printed interconnect structures and fan-out for embedded, bare IC dice.
{"title":"Direct-Write 3D Printing of Interconnects for Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging","authors":"Jacob Dawes, M. Johnston","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781559","url":null,"abstract":"Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) is commonly used for manufacturing system-in-package components and multi-chip modules, where multiple integrated circuit dice can be combined in a common, compression-molded epoxy substrate with integrated interconnects and redistribution layers. While highly cost efficient at scale, this approach requires fixed tooling and metallization masks that limit its use for just-in-time configuration or rapid prototyping. In this work, we demonstrate the use of high-resolution 3D-printing for direct-write fabrication of electrical interconnects in conjunction with FOWLP processing. This approach enables both pre-mold deposition, for interconnects embedded in the epoxy substrate, and post-mold deposition, for interconnects fabricated monolithically on the substrate surface. Here, we demonstrate process development and electrical characterization of printed interconnects, along with both pre- and post-mold printed interconnect structures and fan-out for embedded, bare IC dice.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114814296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781521
Maryna Lazouskaya, O. Scheler, K. Uppuluri, Krzysztof Zaraska, M. Tamm
Nafion™ (Nafion) membrane is known to improve the performance of the electrochemical sensors by acting as a semi-permeable barrier when applied on the electrode’s surface. However, the Nafion membrane is soft and can degrade with time. In order to see if the Nafion membrane can be cast repeatedly, we investigated the reusability of Nafion-covered electrodes. In this paper, we present the results of the investigation of the performance of the potentiometric pH-electrodes, based on Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO2), that were covered with Nafion membrane several times. The electrodes were fabricated by screen printing method and modified with Nafion by drop-casting technique. The investigation of the performance was based on the evaluation of the most important electrode characteristics: sensitivity and linearity, hysteresis, and drift. We have demonstrated that the screen printed RuO2 electrodes show excellent electrochemical characteristics at room temperature even after coating them with Nafion for the third time.
{"title":"Reusability of RuO2-Nafion electrodes, suitable for potentiometric pH measurement","authors":"Maryna Lazouskaya, O. Scheler, K. Uppuluri, Krzysztof Zaraska, M. Tamm","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781521","url":null,"abstract":"Nafion™ (Nafion) membrane is known to improve the performance of the electrochemical sensors by acting as a semi-permeable barrier when applied on the electrode’s surface. However, the Nafion membrane is soft and can degrade with time. In order to see if the Nafion membrane can be cast repeatedly, we investigated the reusability of Nafion-covered electrodes. In this paper, we present the results of the investigation of the performance of the potentiometric pH-electrodes, based on Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO2), that were covered with Nafion membrane several times. The electrodes were fabricated by screen printing method and modified with Nafion by drop-casting technique. The investigation of the performance was based on the evaluation of the most important electrode characteristics: sensitivity and linearity, hysteresis, and drift. We have demonstrated that the screen printed RuO2 electrodes show excellent electrochemical characteristics at room temperature even after coating them with Nafion for the third time.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123168583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781530
D. Zymelka, Takeshi Kobayashi
In this study, we demonstrate large-scale sensors, intended for damage detection in various engineering structures, within the framework of structural health monitoring. The construction of sensors is based on a hybrid structure of a conductive intermittent pattern (made of silver) with embedded sensing elements made of a carbon-based resistive ink. Because the electrical resistance of the silver pattern was much lower than that of the resistance of sensing elements, the sensing properties of such sensors depend mainly on the properties of the carbon ink. Thanks to such construction, it was possible to achieve the electrical resistance of 1-m-long sensors within the desired range. Conducted laboratory tests have shown relatively low sensitivity to temperature changes and the capability of the sensors for damage detection.
{"title":"Printed sensors for damage detection in large engineering structures","authors":"D. Zymelka, Takeshi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781530","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we demonstrate large-scale sensors, intended for damage detection in various engineering structures, within the framework of structural health monitoring. The construction of sensors is based on a hybrid structure of a conductive intermittent pattern (made of silver) with embedded sensing elements made of a carbon-based resistive ink. Because the electrical resistance of the silver pattern was much lower than that of the resistance of sensing elements, the sensing properties of such sensors depend mainly on the properties of the carbon ink. Thanks to such construction, it was possible to achieve the electrical resistance of 1-m-long sensors within the desired range. Conducted laboratory tests have shown relatively low sensitivity to temperature changes and the capability of the sensors for damage detection.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121782600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781549
Priyanka Ganguly, D. K. Neethipathi, Ajay Beniwal, R. Dahiya
Screen printing is one of the widely used methods for printed sensors and electronics. The performance of these devices could vary with the printing parameters such as thickness of the printed layer, the squeeze length and pressure applied for printing etc. Whilst sensor design and the ink used for the printing of sensitive layers have been studied previously, the vital printing parameters has not attracted much attention. This paper reports the influence of thickness of printed sensor on their electrochemical sensing property. Carbon ink is used to print sensors with three-electrode geometry and their working electrode is modified with MoS2 to study the detection of ascorbic acid. The thicknesses of the sensitive layers varied from ~4 µm to 120 µm as the number of printed layers of ink increased from 1 to 5, 10 and 20. The cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy are used to investigate the electrochemical performance. It was noted that the peak current indicating the oxidation of ascorbic acid at 0.04 V, increased with the increase in the thickness of electrode or the number of printed layers. The higher current values and lower series resistance was measured for layers 10 and 20, indicating the ideal printed thickness of sensors for low power operation and easy interfacing with read out electronics.
{"title":"Influence of Thickness of Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes on Electrochemical Sensing","authors":"Priyanka Ganguly, D. K. Neethipathi, Ajay Beniwal, R. Dahiya","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781549","url":null,"abstract":"Screen printing is one of the widely used methods for printed sensors and electronics. The performance of these devices could vary with the printing parameters such as thickness of the printed layer, the squeeze length and pressure applied for printing etc. Whilst sensor design and the ink used for the printing of sensitive layers have been studied previously, the vital printing parameters has not attracted much attention. This paper reports the influence of thickness of printed sensor on their electrochemical sensing property. Carbon ink is used to print sensors with three-electrode geometry and their working electrode is modified with MoS2 to study the detection of ascorbic acid. The thicknesses of the sensitive layers varied from ~4 µm to 120 µm as the number of printed layers of ink increased from 1 to 5, 10 and 20. The cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy are used to investigate the electrochemical performance. It was noted that the peak current indicating the oxidation of ascorbic acid at 0.04 V, increased with the increase in the thickness of electrode or the number of printed layers. The higher current values and lower series resistance was measured for layers 10 and 20, indicating the ideal printed thickness of sensors for low power operation and easy interfacing with read out electronics.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125026458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781548
Rui M. R. Pinto, Siva Sankar Nemala, Mohammadmahdi Faraji, A. Capasso, K. Vinayakumar
Flexible and printed electronics can profit from novel 2D- and nano-materials for specific chemical, mechanical and electrical functionality. Here, carbon nano onions (CNO) are deposited on flexible polymer substrates using piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printing. First, the drop generation conditions for the low-viscosity (~1.2 cP) ethanol-based CNO suspensions are optimized for best resolution and line continuity. The CNO material can be deposited in multiple printing passes without requiring intermediate curing between layers and without degradation of the resolution. The printed structures are inspected by optical microscopy and profilometry. Electrical characterization is performed to obtain the electrical resistivity of the inkjet-printed CNO material (593 ± 79 Ω.m), the temperature coefficient of resistance (-0.896 ±0.238 % ºC-1) and the relative humidity dependency. The printed CNO devices are suitable for temperature compensation, humidity sensing, gas sensing, and possibly other applications.
{"title":"Inkjet-Printing of Carbon Nano Onions for Sensor Applications in Flexible Printed Electronics","authors":"Rui M. R. Pinto, Siva Sankar Nemala, Mohammadmahdi Faraji, A. Capasso, K. Vinayakumar","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781548","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible and printed electronics can profit from novel 2D- and nano-materials for specific chemical, mechanical and electrical functionality. Here, carbon nano onions (CNO) are deposited on flexible polymer substrates using piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printing. First, the drop generation conditions for the low-viscosity (~1.2 cP) ethanol-based CNO suspensions are optimized for best resolution and line continuity. The CNO material can be deposited in multiple printing passes without requiring intermediate curing between layers and without degradation of the resolution. The printed structures are inspected by optical microscopy and profilometry. Electrical characterization is performed to obtain the electrical resistivity of the inkjet-printed CNO material (593 ± 79 Ω.m), the temperature coefficient of resistance (-0.896 ±0.238 % ºC-1) and the relative humidity dependency. The printed CNO devices are suitable for temperature compensation, humidity sensing, gas sensing, and possibly other applications.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124911117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781506
Guanbo Min, G. Khandelwal, A. Dahiya, D. Mulvihill, R. Dahiya
Efficient harvesting of ubiquitous ambient mechanical energy such as body movements, vibrations etc. using nanogenerators (NGs) have attracted considerable interest for the development of energy autonomous electronics. Herein, we present a high-performance textile triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) in fiber form factor using a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film in contact with a Nylon based counter-surface in either nanofiber mat or fabric form (both fixed to conductive fabric electrodes). T-TENG performance is enhanced by performing Argon plasma treatment on the PTFE film. The plasma treated devices show increase in output voltage by a factor of 7.6, while short circuit current increased by a factor of 11.6 (compared to pristine non-plasma treated devices). We also show that the fabricated T-TENG can be used as a self-powered temperature sensor within the 25-90°C range. TENG voltage decreased linearly with increasing temperature exhibiting a sensitivity of -0.85/°C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a T-TENG based self-powered temperature sensor. These results show the potential of T-TENGs for several applications such as detecting temperature in the human body and in self-powered e-Skin for the gloves of humanoid robots etc.
{"title":"Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Self Powered Wearable Temperature Sensors","authors":"Guanbo Min, G. Khandelwal, A. Dahiya, D. Mulvihill, R. Dahiya","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781506","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient harvesting of ubiquitous ambient mechanical energy such as body movements, vibrations etc. using nanogenerators (NGs) have attracted considerable interest for the development of energy autonomous electronics. Herein, we present a high-performance textile triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) in fiber form factor using a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film in contact with a Nylon based counter-surface in either nanofiber mat or fabric form (both fixed to conductive fabric electrodes). T-TENG performance is enhanced by performing Argon plasma treatment on the PTFE film. The plasma treated devices show increase in output voltage by a factor of 7.6, while short circuit current increased by a factor of 11.6 (compared to pristine non-plasma treated devices). We also show that the fabricated T-TENG can be used as a self-powered temperature sensor within the 25-90°C range. TENG voltage decreased linearly with increasing temperature exhibiting a sensitivity of -0.85/°C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a T-TENG based self-powered temperature sensor. These results show the potential of T-TENGs for several applications such as detecting temperature in the human body and in self-powered e-Skin for the gloves of humanoid robots etc.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134291684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781587
E. Bestelink, Jean-Charles Fustec, O. Sagazan, Hao-Jing Teng, R. Sporea
The first flexible source-gated transistors (SGTs) in microcrystalline silicon have been fabricated and characterized under bending stress. As SGTs are contact controlled devices, the channel does not modulate drain current, however its geometry has implications for operation. We show how reduced channel length in SGTs helps promote negligible threshold voltage shifts when strain is introduced with a radius of r = 2.5 mm.
{"title":"Flexible Microcrystalline Silicon Source-Gated Transistors with Negliglible DC Performace Degradation at 2.5 mm Bending Radius","authors":"E. Bestelink, Jean-Charles Fustec, O. Sagazan, Hao-Jing Teng, R. Sporea","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781587","url":null,"abstract":"The first flexible source-gated transistors (SGTs) in microcrystalline silicon have been fabricated and characterized under bending stress. As SGTs are contact controlled devices, the channel does not modulate drain current, however its geometry has implications for operation. We show how reduced channel length in SGTs helps promote negligible threshold voltage shifts when strain is introduced with a radius of r = 2.5 mm.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130138054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781590
K. Srinivasan, T. Muthuramalingam
The automobile industry is currently placing a premium on vehicle electronics and ergonomics in order to meet customer needs and future applications. Due to their fast production rate, flexibility, and complex geometries, flexible printed sensors (FPS) are now frequently suggested in the automotive industry. Flexible sensors with low manufacturing costs and strong formability for seamless cockpit integration may be easily made utilizing screen printing technology. Flexible printed sensors are hence perfect for IME-based infotainment bezels. The IVI bezel can be simply created in two-dimensional or three-dimensional shapes utilizing the IME method in accordance with the ECE21automotive standard. Capacitive sensors printed on a substrate provide a higher sensing performance and can be used in automobile bezels. The purpose of this effort was to design and optimize interdigitated pattern printed Ag electrode flexible sensors for enhanced vehicle infotainment applications. Flexible printed sensors exhibit superior sensing capabilities. With a 15mm overlap and a 0.5mm Electrode width, the capacitance change is greater and the production cost is lower. Because of the superior spatial interpolation, overlap has a stronger effect on sensor performance.
{"title":"Evaluation of Post Thermo Formed Screen Printed Silver Electrode Capacitive Sensor","authors":"K. Srinivasan, T. Muthuramalingam","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781590","url":null,"abstract":"The automobile industry is currently placing a premium on vehicle electronics and ergonomics in order to meet customer needs and future applications. Due to their fast production rate, flexibility, and complex geometries, flexible printed sensors (FPS) are now frequently suggested in the automotive industry. Flexible sensors with low manufacturing costs and strong formability for seamless cockpit integration may be easily made utilizing screen printing technology. Flexible printed sensors are hence perfect for IME-based infotainment bezels. The IVI bezel can be simply created in two-dimensional or three-dimensional shapes utilizing the IME method in accordance with the ECE21automotive standard. Capacitive sensors printed on a substrate provide a higher sensing performance and can be used in automobile bezels. The purpose of this effort was to design and optimize interdigitated pattern printed Ag electrode flexible sensors for enhanced vehicle infotainment applications. Flexible printed sensors exhibit superior sensing capabilities. With a 15mm overlap and a 0.5mm Electrode width, the capacitance change is greater and the production cost is lower. Because of the superior spatial interpolation, overlap has a stronger effect on sensor performance.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131344612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781577
L. J. Johnson, D. Bechtold, A. Casson
Advances in flexible electronic materials have seen the emergence of ultra-thin epidermal sensors for monitoring human electrocardiography (ECG), with some designs only micrometers in thickness. Application of this technology to mice could refine current pre-clinical protocols by enabling more humane, non-invasive monitoring systems. This work characterises the electrical properties and skin-conformity of three screen printed Ag/AgCl ECG electrode designs for mice. Specifically, we examine substrates of temporary tattoo paper and 25 µm thick polyester, which attach to the skin using conductive paste or a polyurethane-film (PU). This work demonstrates how skin-conforming sensors can collect acceptable quality mouse ECG signals. Whilst electrical characterisation suggests that probes without conductive paste are reliant on capacitive coupling, where interface adhesives and the mouse’s thin stratium corneum act as a dielectric. Finally we examine skin conformity with histological imaging, revealing tattoo substrate and PU to be considerably more compliant than polyester. This opens up discussion into which materials would be most suitable in developing an ECG interface for free-moving mice.
{"title":"Screen Printed, Skin-compliant Sensors for Mouse Electrocardiography","authors":"L. J. Johnson, D. Bechtold, A. Casson","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781577","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in flexible electronic materials have seen the emergence of ultra-thin epidermal sensors for monitoring human electrocardiography (ECG), with some designs only micrometers in thickness. Application of this technology to mice could refine current pre-clinical protocols by enabling more humane, non-invasive monitoring systems. This work characterises the electrical properties and skin-conformity of three screen printed Ag/AgCl ECG electrode designs for mice. Specifically, we examine substrates of temporary tattoo paper and 25 µm thick polyester, which attach to the skin using conductive paste or a polyurethane-film (PU). This work demonstrates how skin-conforming sensors can collect acceptable quality mouse ECG signals. Whilst electrical characterisation suggests that probes without conductive paste are reliant on capacitive coupling, where interface adhesives and the mouse’s thin stratium corneum act as a dielectric. Finally we examine skin conformity with histological imaging, revealing tattoo substrate and PU to be considerably more compliant than polyester. This opens up discussion into which materials would be most suitable in developing an ECG interface for free-moving mice.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127936262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781589
Silke Wohnsdorf, Jasmin Simon, U. Klapper
Safety regulations for the occupational safety of electricians are already very strict, but electrical incidents still happen. A smart textile system was invented that is designed to detect electrical incidents and falls. If an emergency is detected, help can be called, or the power source can be turned off to avoid severe harm. But the development of a smart textile system with reasonable reliability, durability and washability is quite complex and challenging. Not only the integration and the connection of electrical components in a smart system is challenging. Developing cost-effective, reproducible, automated processes for mass production and providing sufficient standardization and certification for smart textile systems are major tasks, that have to be faced and solved.
{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges of Smart Textile Systems for Occupational Safety of Electricians","authors":"Silke Wohnsdorf, Jasmin Simon, U. Klapper","doi":"10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fleps53764.2022.9781589","url":null,"abstract":"Safety regulations for the occupational safety of electricians are already very strict, but electrical incidents still happen. A smart textile system was invented that is designed to detect electrical incidents and falls. If an emergency is detected, help can be called, or the power source can be turned off to avoid severe harm. But the development of a smart textile system with reasonable reliability, durability and washability is quite complex and challenging. Not only the integration and the connection of electrical components in a smart system is challenging. Developing cost-effective, reproducible, automated processes for mass production and providing sufficient standardization and certification for smart textile systems are major tasks, that have to be faced and solved.","PeriodicalId":221424,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128845764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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