Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18125
F. Nazari-Zonouz, G. Moghaddam, Gholamreza Hamidian, H. Daghigh-Kia, A. Taghizadeh
Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of different feeding levels on body weight changes, sexual behavior activities, and spermatogenesis characteristics of testis tissue in immature Iranian breed lambs. Area of study: University of Tabriz, Iran. Material and methods: A total of 40 (start of experiment, 4; after 6 months, 12; 9 months, 12; sexual behavior, 12) two-month-old immature ram lambs were divided into three equal groups and were fed for eight months with three different concentrate mixtures formulated using conventional ingredients based on barley grain. Lambs received the same amount of crude protein with three levels of energy. The diet of the low-energy (LE) group had an energy of 10% lower than the control group, which received a diet with optimum energy of 100% according to the NRC. Lambs in the high-energy (HE) group were fed diets with an energy of 10% higher than the optimum energy group. In each group, four lambs were castrated in three steps, including the ages of 2 (start of treatment), 6, and 9 months. Body weight and scrotal circumference were recorded monthly. Sexual behaviors toward estrus ewes were evaluated for 30 min, and the testes were analyzed histologically. Main results: The lambs in the LE group had lower body weight and smaller scrotal circumference than HE group (p<0.05). Sexual behaviors in the HE group occurred at an earlier age, such as mount and mounts with ejaculation, as the external presentations of puberty (p<0.05). Research highlights: Underfeeding of pre-pubertal animals delayed puberty, while high-plane feeding advanced puberty.
{"title":"The effect of dietary energy levels on the sexual puberty of ram lambs","authors":"F. Nazari-Zonouz, G. Moghaddam, Gholamreza Hamidian, H. Daghigh-Kia, A. Taghizadeh","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18125","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of different feeding levels on body weight changes, sexual behavior activities, and spermatogenesis characteristics of testis tissue in immature Iranian breed lambs. \u0000Area of study: University of Tabriz, Iran. \u0000Material and methods: A total of 40 (start of experiment, 4; after 6 months, 12; 9 months, 12; sexual behavior, 12) two-month-old immature ram lambs were divided into three equal groups and were fed for eight months with three different concentrate mixtures formulated using conventional ingredients based on barley grain. Lambs received the same amount of crude protein with three levels of energy. The diet of the low-energy (LE) group had an energy of 10% lower than the control group, which received a diet with optimum energy of 100% according to the NRC. Lambs in the high-energy (HE) group were fed diets with an energy of 10% higher than the optimum energy group. In each group, four lambs were castrated in three steps, including the ages of 2 (start of treatment), 6, and 9 months. Body weight and scrotal circumference were recorded monthly. Sexual behaviors toward estrus ewes were evaluated for 30 min, and the testes were analyzed histologically. \u0000Main results: The lambs in the LE group had lower body weight and smaller scrotal circumference than HE group (p<0.05). Sexual behaviors in the HE group occurred at an earlier age, such as mount and mounts with ejaculation, as the external presentations of puberty (p<0.05). \u0000Research highlights: Underfeeding of pre-pubertal animals delayed puberty, while high-plane feeding advanced puberty.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46953848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18976
I. Medeiros, A. Fernández-Novo, J. Simões, S. Astiz
Aim of study: To describe veterinary services and farm management practices in cattle dairy farms in São Miguel Island in the Azores and to identify weak points for improvement. Area of study: São Miguel Island, Azores (Portugal). Material and methods: A questionnaire survey was sent to all veterinarians who work in São Miguel Island. It asked about veterinary activity and perceptions of veterinarians working on dairy farms. The van der Waerden test was used to compare the degree of implementation of measures in farms between cooperative veterinarians and private veterinarians. Main results: The overall questionnaire response rate was 67% (20/30). The percentage of veterinarians dedicated to bovine medicine as the main service was 55.6%. Overall, between 40% and 60% of veterinarians implemented a variety of Veterinary Herd Health Medicine (VHHM) programs such as mastitis control, breeding assessment and postpartum management, and the average implementation score of these VHHM, on a 1 to 5 scale, was 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.0-3.5). However, other VHHM programs such as biosecurity or hygiene procedures were implemented at a lower rate, ranging between 20% and 30%, and this needs to be improved. Research highlights: Veterinary practicioners in São Miguel Island, Azores still focus their activity more on individual bovine medicine than in VHHM programs; besides, there is room for improvement in the implementation of some of these programs, such as reproduction, hoof health, nutrition, hygiene and biosecurity. This may be a similar situation to that of other regions in the world with a similar production structure.
研究目的:描述亚速尔群岛奥米格尔岛奶牛养殖场的兽医服务和农场管理做法，并找出需要改进的薄弱环节。研究领域:亚速尔群岛(葡萄牙)的s o Miguel岛。材料与方法:对 o Miguel岛兽医进行问卷调查。它询问了兽医活动和对在奶牛场工作的兽医的看法。采用van der Waerden检验比较合作兽医和私人兽医在农场实施措施的程度。主要结果:总体问卷应答率为67%(20/30)。以牛药为主要服务的兽医占55.6%。总体而言，40%至60%的兽医实施了各种兽医群体健康医学(VHHM)计划，如乳腺炎控制、育种评估和产后管理，这些VHHM的平均执行得分为2.8(95%置信区间:2.0-3.5)。然而，其他VHHM项目，如生物安全或卫生程序的实施率较低，在20%到30%之间，这需要改进。研究重点:亚速尔群岛米格尔岛的兽医从业人员仍然将他们的活动更多地集中在个体牛药物上，而不是VHHM计划;此外，在生殖、蹄健康、营养、卫生和生物安全等一些方案的执行方面还有改进的余地。这可能与世界上具有类似生产结构的其他区域的情况类似。
{"title":"Short communication: Veterinary health management in Azorean bovine dairy farms","authors":"I. Medeiros, A. Fernández-Novo, J. Simões, S. Astiz","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18976","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To describe veterinary services and farm management practices in cattle dairy farms in São Miguel Island in the Azores and to identify weak points for improvement. \u0000Area of study: São Miguel Island, Azores (Portugal). \u0000Material and methods: A questionnaire survey was sent to all veterinarians who work in São Miguel Island. It asked about veterinary activity and perceptions of veterinarians working on dairy farms. The van der Waerden test was used to compare the degree of implementation of measures in farms between cooperative veterinarians and private veterinarians. \u0000Main results: The overall questionnaire response rate was 67% (20/30). The percentage of veterinarians dedicated to bovine medicine as the main service was 55.6%. Overall, between 40% and 60% of veterinarians implemented a variety of Veterinary Herd Health Medicine (VHHM) programs such as mastitis control, breeding assessment and postpartum management, and the average implementation score of these VHHM, on a 1 to 5 scale, was 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.0-3.5). However, other VHHM programs such as biosecurity or hygiene procedures were implemented at a lower rate, ranging between 20% and 30%, and this needs to be improved. \u0000Research highlights: Veterinary practicioners in São Miguel Island, Azores still focus their activity more on individual bovine medicine than in VHHM programs; besides, there is room for improvement in the implementation of some of these programs, such as reproduction, hoof health, nutrition, hygiene and biosecurity. This may be a similar situation to that of other regions in the world with a similar production structure.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42412081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18708
L. Mhomga, M. Adamu, I. Idika, B. Sakong, B. N. Marire, C. Nwosu
Aim of study: To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacies of three plants, Annona senegalensis (AS), Cochlospermum planchonii (CP), and Sarcocephalus latifolius (SL), used by livestock farmers in Northern Nigeria, to treat gastrointestinal nematode infections in ruminants. Area of study: Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: The plants were selected through a structured questionnaire administered to livestock farmers in Northern Nigeria. Aqueous and acetone leaf (AS and SL) and root (CP) extracts of these plants were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus using the egg hatch inhibition assay at concentration levels of 0.3125 to 10 mg/mL in 2.5% dimethyl sulfoxide. Main results: A probit log-dose response analysis showed that acetone extract of CP achieved 100% egg hatch inhibition similar to the commercial drug at all tested concentrations after 48 hours of incubation, while AS demonstrated 88.7% egg hatch inhibition. Acetone extract of SL had less than 50% egg hatch inhibition at all tested concentrations. On the other hand, the aqueous extract of CP and SL both exhibited 100% inhibition at 5 and 10 mg/mL of the tested concentrations, while AS had less than 50% egg hatch inhibition at all tested concentrations. Research highlights: This study identified CP, AS, and SL as medicinal plants with rich sources of molecules that have potential value in the development of novel anthelmintic drugs.
{"title":"In vitro anthelmintic activities of three ethnomedicinal plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus","authors":"L. Mhomga, M. Adamu, I. Idika, B. Sakong, B. N. Marire, C. Nwosu","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18708","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacies of three plants, Annona senegalensis (AS), Cochlospermum planchonii (CP), and Sarcocephalus latifolius (SL), used by livestock farmers in Northern Nigeria, to treat gastrointestinal nematode infections in ruminants. \u0000Area of study: Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. \u0000Materials and methods: The plants were selected through a structured questionnaire administered to livestock farmers in Northern Nigeria. Aqueous and acetone leaf (AS and SL) and root (CP) extracts of these plants were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus using the egg hatch inhibition assay at concentration levels of 0.3125 to 10 mg/mL in 2.5% dimethyl sulfoxide. \u0000Main results: A probit log-dose response analysis showed that acetone extract of CP achieved 100% egg hatch inhibition similar to the commercial drug at all tested concentrations after 48 hours of incubation, while AS demonstrated 88.7% egg hatch inhibition. Acetone extract of SL had less than 50% egg hatch inhibition at all tested concentrations. On the other hand, the aqueous extract of CP and SL both exhibited 100% inhibition at 5 and 10 mg/mL of the tested concentrations, while AS had less than 50% egg hatch inhibition at all tested concentrations. \u0000Research highlights: This study identified CP, AS, and SL as medicinal plants with rich sources of molecules that have potential value in the development of novel anthelmintic drugs.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43226271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-19132
S. Dastborhan, K. Ghassemi-Golezani, A. Kalisz, M. Valizadeh, B. Asgari Lajayer, T. Astatkie
Aim of study: To investigate the general response patterns of the borage plant to water fluctuations from a biochemical and physiological perspective. Area of study: East Azerbaijan Province of Iran during the period 2012 and 2013. Material and methods: The study investigated the effects of irrigation (after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm evaporation) and priming (unprimed, and primed seeds with water, 1% KNO3 and 1% KH2PO4) on the antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, and fluorescence parameters of borage using a Split-plot experimental design. Main results: The statistical analyses showed no effect of seed priming on all evaluated traits other than mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) activity where it was significantly enhanced by seed pretreatment with 1% KNO3 and 1% KH2PO4. However, irrigations after 120 and 150 mm evaporation increased SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, soluble sugars, and initial fluorescence (F0). The mean contents of Ch a, Ch b, and Ch a+Ch b under mild, moderate and severe water deficit were significantly higher than those under normal irrigation. Severe drought stress gave the highest carotenoids content and quantum yield baseline parameter (F0/Fm) of borage leaves. However, water limitation decreased Chl a/Chl b ratio, maximum primary yield of photosystem II (Fv/F0), and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). Research highlights: Based on these findings, it is postulated that the increase in soluble sugars and SOD activity under stress, and the accumulation of carotenoids under severe water limitation indirectly enhance the tolerance of borage plants to drought stress.
{"title":"Biochemical and physiological response of borage to seed priming and water deficit: antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, and fluorescence parameters","authors":"S. Dastborhan, K. Ghassemi-Golezani, A. Kalisz, M. Valizadeh, B. Asgari Lajayer, T. Astatkie","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-19132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19132","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To investigate the general response patterns of the borage plant to water fluctuations from a biochemical and physiological perspective. \u0000Area of study: East Azerbaijan Province of Iran during the period 2012 and 2013. \u0000Material and methods: The study investigated the effects of irrigation (after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm evaporation) and priming (unprimed, and primed seeds with water, 1% KNO3 and 1% KH2PO4) on the antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, and fluorescence parameters of borage using a Split-plot experimental design. \u0000Main results: The statistical analyses showed no effect of seed priming on all evaluated traits other than mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) activity where it was significantly enhanced by seed pretreatment with 1% KNO3 and 1% KH2PO4. However, irrigations after 120 and 150 mm evaporation increased SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, soluble sugars, and initial fluorescence (F0). The mean contents of Ch a, Ch b, and Ch a+Ch b under mild, moderate and severe water deficit were significantly higher than those under normal irrigation. Severe drought stress gave the highest carotenoids content and quantum yield baseline parameter (F0/Fm) of borage leaves. However, water limitation decreased Chl a/Chl b ratio, maximum primary yield of photosystem II (Fv/F0), and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). \u0000Research highlights: Based on these findings, it is postulated that the increase in soluble sugars and SOD activity under stress, and the accumulation of carotenoids under severe water limitation indirectly enhance the tolerance of borage plants to drought stress.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45881893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-19062
Sandra Stamenković Stojanović, Ivana T. Karabegović, B. Danilović, V. Nedović, Ana Kalušević, Stojan Mančić, Midrag Lazić
Aim of the study: This study aimed to formulate a novel, commercially applicable biofertilizer, to optimize the microencapsulation procedure of Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063 and examine the stability and phytostimulatory effects of obtained formulation. Area of the study: Southestern Serbia. Material and methods: Microbial powder formulations were prepared using spray drying with maltodextrin as a carrier. The spray drying conditions were set according to Box-Benkhen experimental desing. The effect of the formulation was tested on green pepper (Capsicum annuum) seeds in controled conditions. Main results: Response surface models were developed. All of the models were statistically significant, adequately fitted and reproducible. The maximum achieved values of viability and yield in a formulation were 1.99·109 CFU/g and 96.8%, respectively, whilst the driest formulation had 1.44% moisture. The following optimum conditions were proposed for the spray drying procedure: an inlet air temperature of 133 °C, maltodextrin concentration of 50 g/L and a feed flow rate of 6.5 mL/min. The obtained microbial formulation had a high survival rate after being stored at room temperature over a 1--year period. Its application on green pepper seeds had beneficial effect on plant height, leaf dry weight and chlorophyll content of the seedlings. Research highlights: B. subtilis was successfully microencapsulated on maltodextrin as a carrier. Interaction effects between the process variables were fully explained and statistically significant models were developed. In addition to biocontrol properties formulation had a phytostimulatory effect, excellent stability and satisfactory physical properties.
{"title":"Microencapsulated biofertilizer formulation: product development and effect on growth of green pepper seedlings","authors":"Sandra Stamenković Stojanović, Ivana T. Karabegović, B. Danilović, V. Nedović, Ana Kalušević, Stojan Mančić, Midrag Lazić","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-19062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19062","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: This study aimed to formulate a novel, commercially applicable biofertilizer, to optimize the microencapsulation procedure of Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063 and examine the stability and phytostimulatory effects of obtained formulation. \u0000Area of the study: Southestern Serbia. \u0000Material and methods: Microbial powder formulations were prepared using spray drying with maltodextrin as a carrier. The spray drying conditions were set according to Box-Benkhen experimental desing. The effect of the formulation was tested on green pepper (Capsicum annuum) seeds in controled conditions. \u0000Main results: Response surface models were developed. All of the models were statistically significant, adequately fitted and reproducible. The maximum achieved values of viability and yield in a formulation were 1.99·109 CFU/g and 96.8%, respectively, whilst the driest formulation had 1.44% moisture. The following optimum conditions were proposed for the spray drying procedure: an inlet air temperature of 133 °C, maltodextrin concentration of 50 g/L and a feed flow rate of 6.5 mL/min. The obtained microbial formulation had a high survival rate after being stored at room temperature over a 1--year period. Its application on green pepper seeds had beneficial effect on plant height, leaf dry weight and chlorophyll content of the seedlings. \u0000Research highlights: B. subtilis was successfully microencapsulated on maltodextrin as a carrier. Interaction effects between the process variables were fully explained and statistically significant models were developed. In addition to biocontrol properties formulation had a phytostimulatory effect, excellent stability and satisfactory physical properties.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45305966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18808
N. L. Bento, G. Ferraz, R. A. P. Barata, L. S. Santana, R. O. Faria, Daniel V. Soares
Aim of study: To verify and evaluate the area occupied by coffee plants before and after the manual harvesting of fruits and the difference between such areas; demonstrate the correlation between data on chemical attributes of leaves, yield, vegetation indices, and areas occupied by coffee plants; and estimate yield based on the variable with the best statistical indicator. Area of study: Bom Jardim Farm in Santo Antônio do Amparo city, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Material and methods: We studied 52 sampling points composed of four coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants each. Field data on leaf chemical attributes, yield, and aerial images of flights with the Remote Piloted Aircraft System were obtained over the study area. The images were processed in the Pix4D software, and the analyses were performed in the ArcGIS and Orange Canvas software. Main results: We verified a reduction in the area occupied by coffee plants due to the action of the harvest; no significant correlations were detected between leaf chemical attributes, yield data, and area occupied by coffee plants; and only the NDVI was adequate for determining a linear equation to estimate yield. Research highlights: The yield correlation and predicting estimates by applying vegetation indices optimize the time spent on field measurements using the remotely piloted aircraft system. The fall of leaves due to the action of harvesting was evidenced and promotes impacts on the next crop's yield.
研究目的:验证和评价人工采收前后咖啡种植面积的差异;展示咖啡树叶化学属性、产量、植被指数和种植面积之间的相关性;并根据具有最佳统计指标的变量估计产量。研究领域:巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州圣Antônio do Amparo市的Bom Jardim农场。材料和方法:我们研究了52个采样点，每个采样点由4株咖啡(Coffea arabica L.)组成。在研究区域获得了叶片化学属性、产量的现场数据和远程驾驶飞机系统飞行的航空图像。在Pix4D软件中对图像进行处理，在ArcGIS和Orange Canvas软件中进行分析。主要结果:我们证实，由于收获的作用，咖啡树占用的面积减少了;叶化学属性、产量数据与咖啡树占地面积之间无显著相关;只有NDVI才足以确定一个线性方程来估计产量。研究重点:通过应用植被指数进行产量相关性和预测估算，优化了使用遥控飞机系统进行现场测量所花费的时间。由于收获的行动，叶子的掉落得到了证实，并促进了对下一季作物产量的影响。
{"title":"Evaluation of coffee plant attributes by field collection and remotely piloted aircraft system images","authors":"N. L. Bento, G. Ferraz, R. A. P. Barata, L. S. Santana, R. O. Faria, Daniel V. Soares","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18808","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To verify and evaluate the area occupied by coffee plants before and after the manual harvesting of fruits and the difference between such areas; demonstrate the correlation between data on chemical attributes of leaves, yield, vegetation indices, and areas occupied by coffee plants; and estimate yield based on the variable with the best statistical indicator. \u0000Area of study: Bom Jardim Farm in Santo Antônio do Amparo city, Minas Gerais, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: We studied 52 sampling points composed of four coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants each. Field data on leaf chemical attributes, yield, and aerial images of flights with the Remote Piloted Aircraft System were obtained over the study area. The images were processed in the Pix4D software, and the analyses were performed in the ArcGIS and Orange Canvas software. \u0000Main results: We verified a reduction in the area occupied by coffee plants due to the action of the harvest; no significant correlations were detected between leaf chemical attributes, yield data, and area occupied by coffee plants; and only the NDVI was adequate for determining a linear equation to estimate yield. \u0000Research highlights: The yield correlation and predicting estimates by applying vegetation indices optimize the time spent on field measurements using the remotely piloted aircraft system. The fall of leaves due to the action of harvesting was evidenced and promotes impacts on the next crop's yield.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41919721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18966
J. Ferrer, Raúl Serrano, Silvia Abella, V. Pinilla, M. Maza
Aim of study: This study analyses how business strategy has influenced the export performance of the Spanish wine industry. In recent decades, Spain has been among those countries that have significantly increased their wine exports. Area of study: We used data collected from a survey comprising 339 Spanish wine-making companies Material and methods: The empirical analysis was carried out by sending a survey and subsequent telephone call to all the independent wineries belonging to PDOs, the number of responses was 339, 14% of the sample. Using the Heckman methodology, we analysed the variables that determine the decision to export and the export intensity. Main results: Spanish firms have successfully used different combined strategies in order to achieve an intensification of exports. This implies that the joint use of strategies that seek efficiency (through cost reduction) while increasing value for the customer (through innovation and improved communication processes and distribution) achieve an increase in the internationalisation of the company. Therefore, the results of this study add new strategic alternatives to those traditionally proposed by the literature Research highlights: Firm strategy also has an effect on export performance in the Spanish wine industry. To grow in international markets, companies can use a combination of different strategic options.
{"title":"The export strategy of the Spanish wine industry","authors":"J. Ferrer, Raúl Serrano, Silvia Abella, V. Pinilla, M. Maza","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18966","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: This study analyses how business strategy has influenced the export performance of the Spanish wine industry. In recent decades, Spain has been among those countries that have significantly increased their wine exports. \u0000Area of study: We used data collected from a survey comprising 339 Spanish wine-making companies \u0000Material and methods: The empirical analysis was carried out by sending a survey and subsequent telephone call to all the independent wineries belonging to PDOs, the number of responses was 339, 14% of the sample. Using the Heckman methodology, we analysed the variables that determine the decision to export and the export intensity. \u0000Main results: Spanish firms have successfully used different combined strategies in order to achieve an intensification of exports. This implies that the joint use of strategies that seek efficiency (through cost reduction) while increasing value for the customer (through innovation and improved communication processes and distribution) achieve an increase in the internationalisation of the company. Therefore, the results of this study add new strategic alternatives to those traditionally proposed by the literature \u0000Research highlights: Firm strategy also has an effect on export performance in the Spanish wine industry. To grow in international markets, companies can use a combination of different strategic options.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42205606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18194
B. De la Roza-Delgado, I. Feito, Francisco Fuente-Maqueda, S. Modroño, A. Argamentería, M. Ciordia
Aim of study: To assess the effects of rearing system (extensive, ES; semi-extensive, SES) and feeds (grazed woodland, acorns, chestnuts, compound feed) on the performance, carcass traits and energetic balance of autochthonous Gochu Asturcelta pigs. Area of study: Asturias (Spain). Material and methods: In two successive years, a total of 58 immunocastrated Gochu Asturcelta pigs (25 females, 33 males), with an initial weight of 93.39 ± 3.36 kg and mean age of 6.82 ± 0.24 months, were randomly divided between ES and SES plots from July to December. ES pigs grazed woodland, acorns (Quercus robur L.) and chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) and they were given additionally 1.5 kg compound-feed/pig·day. SES animals received only 2.5 kg compound-feed/pig·day. Chemical composition and metabolizable energy of feeds, energetic balance, growth performances and pig carcass traits were analysed. Main results: Acorns and chestnuts were both very close in their chemical composition, except for the polyphenol content and profile, and had a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio than compound feeds. Live weight for the ES pigs was 25% lower and carcass weight 30% lower than for SES pigs (p<0.001). Total ME requirement (MJ/day) was lower in ES than in SES pigs. Research highlights: The productive and carcass parameters observed are a consequence of a lower energy intake for pigs in ES than in SES, it being necessary to drastically reduce the stocking rate to increase weight gain and to improve carcass traits when Gochu Asturcelta pigs are reared in ES.
{"title":"Influence of production system and feeds on performance, carcass traits and estimated energy balance of autochthonous Gochu Asturcelta pigs","authors":"B. De la Roza-Delgado, I. Feito, Francisco Fuente-Maqueda, S. Modroño, A. Argamentería, M. Ciordia","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18194","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To assess the effects of rearing system (extensive, ES; semi-extensive, SES) and feeds (grazed woodland, acorns, chestnuts, compound feed) on the performance, carcass traits and energetic balance of autochthonous Gochu Asturcelta pigs. \u0000Area of study: Asturias (Spain). \u0000Material and methods: In two successive years, a total of 58 immunocastrated Gochu Asturcelta pigs (25 females, 33 males), with an initial weight of 93.39 ± 3.36 kg and mean age of 6.82 ± 0.24 months, were randomly divided between ES and SES plots from July to December. ES pigs grazed woodland, acorns (Quercus robur L.) and chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) and they were given additionally 1.5 kg compound-feed/pig·day. SES animals received only 2.5 kg compound-feed/pig·day. Chemical composition and metabolizable energy of feeds, energetic balance, growth performances and pig carcass traits were analysed. \u0000Main results: Acorns and chestnuts were both very close in their chemical composition, except for the polyphenol content and profile, and had a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio than compound feeds. Live weight for the ES pigs was 25% lower and carcass weight 30% lower than for SES pigs (p<0.001). Total ME requirement (MJ/day) was lower in ES than in SES pigs. \u0000Research highlights: The productive and carcass parameters observed are a consequence of a lower energy intake for pigs in ES than in SES, it being necessary to drastically reduce the stocking rate to increase weight gain and to improve carcass traits when Gochu Asturcelta pigs are reared in ES.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022202-18453
S. Soltanian, A. Gholamhosseini, M. Banaee, M. Fereidouni
Aim of the study: To evaluate hemato-immunological parameters in the Palomino trout compared to naturally pigmented rainbow trout. Area of study: Fars province (SW Iran). Material and methods: Sixty fish of both varieties (30 Palomino and 30 naturally pigmented) were sampled from the same pond. After blood sampling, hematological parameters, total serum protein and immunoglobulin (Ig), phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme, and bactericidal activity were measured. Main results: Number of white blood cells, total protein, total immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and bactericidal activities in serum of Palomino trout were significantly higher than those in naturally pigmented rainbow trout. However, no significant changes were observed in no. of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, differential leukocyte count, phagocytic, and respiratory burst activity. Research highlights: The immune system performance of Palomino trout was similar to naturally pigmented fish. However, in some cases, the immune response of Palomino fish may be even more robust than that of naturally pigmented fish. This finding helps us to favor Palomino trout in breeding programs and genetic modification.
{"title":"Short communication: Comparison of hemato-immunological parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Palomino vs naturally pigmented varieties","authors":"S. Soltanian, A. Gholamhosseini, M. Banaee, M. Fereidouni","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022202-18453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022202-18453","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To evaluate hemato-immunological parameters in the Palomino trout compared to naturally pigmented rainbow trout. \u0000Area of study: Fars province (SW Iran). \u0000Material and methods: Sixty fish of both varieties (30 Palomino and 30 naturally pigmented) were sampled from the same pond. After blood sampling, hematological parameters, total serum protein and immunoglobulin (Ig), phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme, and bactericidal activity were measured. \u0000Main results: Number of white blood cells, total protein, total immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and bactericidal activities in serum of Palomino trout were significantly higher than those in naturally pigmented rainbow trout. However, no significant changes were observed in no. of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, differential leukocyte count, phagocytic, and respiratory burst activity. \u0000Research highlights: The immune system performance of Palomino trout was similar to naturally pigmented fish. However, in some cases, the immune response of Palomino fish may be even more robust than that of naturally pigmented fish. This finding helps us to favor Palomino trout in breeding programs and genetic modification.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022202-18690
Eder J. B. Araújo, Flavia D. S. Pereira, Timóteo S. S. Nunes, A. E. Cordeiro, Hermeson C. Silva, M. Queiroz, G. C. Gois, R. Rodrigues, D. Menezes
Aim of study: To evaluate diets with different proportions of butterfly pea hay (BH) and cactus pear meal (CM) on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, productive performance, feeding behavior and physiological parameters of crossbred Boer kids. Area of study: Northwest of Brazil. Material and methods: 32 crossbred Boer intact male goats were distributed in a randomized block design, with four treatments with different proportions of BH and CM in the diets, partially replacing elephant grass on a total dry matter (DM) basis: 0% BH + 0 % CM as a control, 83% BH + 17% CM, 67% BH + 33% CM, and 50% BH + 50% CM. Each treatment group included eight animals. The experiment lasted 84 days preceded by 15 days of adaptation. Main results: Kids fed the control diet had the greatest intake of neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, water intake via food, time to feed and the lowest feed conversion (p<0.05) compared to BH+CM diets. Diet 83% BH+17% CM provided less digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, greater efficiency of DM intake and lower efficiency of DM and neutral detergent fiber rumination (p<0.05) compared to other diets. Diet 67% BH+33% CM resulted in greater digestibility of dry and organic matter, weight gains and longer (p<0.05) chewing time (seconds/cud) compared to other diets. Diet 50% BH+50% CM showed lower (p<0.05) intake of acid detergent fiber, time for rumination, efficiency of ingestion of neutral detergent fiber and rectal temperature, and longer (p<0.05) idle times compared to other diets. Research highlights: Partial substitution of elephant grass with 67% BH and 33% CM increased digestibility and weight gain of crossbred Boer kids, without changing nutrient and water intake in the finishing.
{"title":"Nutritional value, feeding behavior, physiological parameters, and performance of crossbred Boer goat kids fed butterfly pea hay and cactus pear meal","authors":"Eder J. B. Araújo, Flavia D. S. Pereira, Timóteo S. S. Nunes, A. E. Cordeiro, Hermeson C. Silva, M. Queiroz, G. C. Gois, R. Rodrigues, D. Menezes","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022202-18690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022202-18690","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate diets with different proportions of butterfly pea hay (BH) and cactus pear meal (CM) on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, productive performance, feeding behavior and physiological parameters of crossbred Boer kids. \u0000Area of study: Northwest of Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: 32 crossbred Boer intact male goats were distributed in a randomized block design, with four treatments with different proportions of BH and CM in the diets, partially replacing elephant grass on a total dry matter (DM) basis: 0% BH + 0 % CM as a control, 83% BH + 17% CM, 67% BH + 33% CM, and 50% BH + 50% CM. Each treatment group included eight animals. The experiment lasted 84 days preceded by 15 days of adaptation. \u0000Main results: Kids fed the control diet had the greatest intake of neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, water intake via food, time to feed and the lowest feed conversion (p<0.05) compared to BH+CM diets. Diet 83% BH+17% CM provided less digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, greater efficiency of DM intake and lower efficiency of DM and neutral detergent fiber rumination (p<0.05) compared to other diets. Diet 67% BH+33% CM resulted in greater digestibility of dry and organic matter, weight gains and longer (p<0.05) chewing time (seconds/cud) compared to other diets. Diet 50% BH+50% CM showed lower (p<0.05) intake of acid detergent fiber, time for rumination, efficiency of ingestion of neutral detergent fiber and rectal temperature, and longer (p<0.05) idle times compared to other diets. \u0000Research highlights: Partial substitution of elephant grass with 67% BH and 33% CM increased digestibility and weight gain of crossbred Boer kids, without changing nutrient and water intake in the finishing.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42114151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：