Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18828
F. Arroyo, J. F. Herencia, N. Capote
Aim of study: To advance implementation of sustainable agriculture from organic production system on almond crop by means of the assessment of physiological and agronomical responses of commercial almond cultivars. Area of study: Irrigated almond in the Guadalquivir River Valley. Material and methods: Physiological and agronomic aspects of almond such as defoliation, phenology, tree growth, N and P leaf reserves, susceptibility to aphids and fruit yield were assessed on five almond cultivars under organic and conventional production management during four consecutive seasons from 2017 to 2021. Main results: A lower flower density, tree growth, and almond production, an earlier and more intense defoliation degree, and a higher susceptibility to aphids were observed in the organic plot compared to the conventional orchard. 'Lauranne' was the cultivar that showed the best productivity under organic and conventional management. 'Marcona' showed the higher flower density and medium vigor, although was the most susceptible cultivar to aphids and the less productive cultivar under both managements. Research highlights: Cultivation of irrigated almond still presents numerous difficulties, especially the control of pests and diseases due to the use of environmentally friendly pesticides which are less effective than chemicals. These pathogenic factors and others such as nutrition especially affect the yield of the crop, although the differences with the conventional system are reduced over time. Despite these difficulties, the high added value of organic almonds together with the increasing demands by consumers of healthy environmental practices and food safety are a stimulus to continue and develop research on sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Phenology, growth, and yield of almond cultivars under organic and conventional management in southwestern Spain","authors":"F. Arroyo, J. F. Herencia, N. Capote","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18828","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To advance implementation of sustainable agriculture from organic production system on almond crop by means of the assessment of physiological and agronomical responses of commercial almond cultivars. \u0000Area of study: Irrigated almond in the Guadalquivir River Valley. \u0000Material and methods: Physiological and agronomic aspects of almond such as defoliation, phenology, tree growth, N and P leaf reserves, susceptibility to aphids and fruit yield were assessed on five almond cultivars under organic and conventional production management during four consecutive seasons from 2017 to 2021. \u0000Main results: A lower flower density, tree growth, and almond production, an earlier and more intense defoliation degree, and a higher susceptibility to aphids were observed in the organic plot compared to the conventional orchard. 'Lauranne' was the cultivar that showed the best productivity under organic and conventional management. 'Marcona' showed the higher flower density and medium vigor, although was the most susceptible cultivar to aphids and the less productive cultivar under both managements. \u0000Research highlights: Cultivation of irrigated almond still presents numerous difficulties, especially the control of pests and diseases due to the use of environmentally friendly pesticides which are less effective than chemicals. These pathogenic factors and others such as nutrition especially affect the yield of the crop, although the differences with the conventional system are reduced over time. Despite these difficulties, the high added value of organic almonds together with the increasing demands by consumers of healthy environmental practices and food safety are a stimulus to continue and develop research on sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46350964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-19173
Aline Moreira Portella De Melo, Lidiane Fagundes da Silva Monteiro, R. Costa, Valdi De Lima Junior, A. N. de Medeiros, R. Queiroga, N. Ribeiro, R. Domínguez, P. E. Munekata, J. Lorenzo
Aim of study: To evaluate the physicochemical and sensory quality of meat from Santa Inês × Dorper lambs fed diets with increasing levels of sunflower cake. Area of study: Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). Material and methods: Twenty-four castrated lambs (initial weight of 18.9 ± 2.17 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 15% sunflower cake in diet) with six repetitions and kept in confinement until reaching the average body weight of 32.1 ± 2.6 kg. The Longissimus lumborum muscle was used for proximate composition and physicochemical analyzes, and the Semimembranosus muscle was used for pH (after 24 h of slaughter) and sensory analysis assays. Main results: The increasing levels of sunflower cake did not affect the composition or physicochemical properties. Sensory analysis also did not reveal significant differences in meat obtained from animals in different diets. Principal Components Analysis indicated that juiciness, color, odor and flavor were positioned opposite to protein, texture, and ash. Research highlights: The use of sunflower cake in diets for crossbred sheep Dorper × Santa Inês as soybean meal and corn replacer, up to 15% inclusion of soybean meal and corn, does not affect the proximate composition, physicochemical or sensory characteristics of the meat.
{"title":"Quality of Santa Inês × Dorper sheep meat submitted to different levels of inclusion of sunflower cake","authors":"Aline Moreira Portella De Melo, Lidiane Fagundes da Silva Monteiro, R. Costa, Valdi De Lima Junior, A. N. de Medeiros, R. Queiroga, N. Ribeiro, R. Domínguez, P. E. Munekata, J. Lorenzo","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-19173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19173","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate the physicochemical and sensory quality of meat from Santa Inês × Dorper lambs fed diets with increasing levels of sunflower cake. \u0000Area of study: Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). \u0000Material and methods: Twenty-four castrated lambs (initial weight of 18.9 ± 2.17 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 15% sunflower cake in diet) with six repetitions and kept in confinement until reaching the average body weight of 32.1 ± 2.6 kg. The Longissimus lumborum muscle was used for proximate composition and physicochemical analyzes, and the Semimembranosus muscle was used for pH (after 24 h of slaughter) and sensory analysis assays. \u0000Main results: The increasing levels of sunflower cake did not affect the composition or physicochemical properties. Sensory analysis also did not reveal significant differences in meat obtained from animals in different diets. Principal Components Analysis indicated that juiciness, color, odor and flavor were positioned opposite to protein, texture, and ash. \u0000Research highlights: The use of sunflower cake in diets for crossbred sheep Dorper × Santa Inês as soybean meal and corn replacer, up to 15% inclusion of soybean meal and corn, does not affect the proximate composition, physicochemical or sensory characteristics of the meat.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48841465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18065
Fei Li, Jin Lei, Weibing Wang, Bao Song
Aim of study: To develop a novel four-claw seedling pick-up mechanism to integrate penetration and clamping into one process, realizing picking up seedlings stably and efficiently. Material and methods: A brushless DC servo motor characterized by small size, large torque, and high control precision was adopted to realize precise control for speed and clamping force through control algorithms. An optimization model was derived according to the requirements of picking up seedlings. The parameter optimization of the seedling pick-up mechanism is a complex multi-parameter and nonlinear optimization problem. The hybrid PSO-SA algorithm was used to solve the model, and the optimal parameters of the mechanism were obtained. Main results: The dynamic simulation was conducted, and the results showed that the optimized mechanism could meet the trajectory, acceleration, and clamping force requirement for picking up seedlings. The performance tests showed that the success ratio in picking up seedlings reached 84.46%, indicating the feasibility of the four-claw seedling pick-up mechanism for automatic transplanting machines. Research highlights: The four-claw seedling pick-up mechanism can be used in the automatic transplanting machine. Additionally, the hybrid PSO-SA algorithm can achieve promising results in solving the optimization problem of the seedling pick-up mechanism.
{"title":"Optimal design and experimental verification of a four-claw seedling pick-up mechanism using the hybrid PSO-SA algorithm","authors":"Fei Li, Jin Lei, Weibing Wang, Bao Song","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18065","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To develop a novel four-claw seedling pick-up mechanism to integrate penetration and clamping into one process, realizing picking up seedlings stably and efficiently. \u0000Material and methods: A brushless DC servo motor characterized by small size, large torque, and high control precision was adopted to realize precise control for speed and clamping force through control algorithms. An optimization model was derived according to the requirements of picking up seedlings. The parameter optimization of the seedling pick-up mechanism is a complex multi-parameter and nonlinear optimization problem. The hybrid PSO-SA algorithm was used to solve the model, and the optimal parameters of the mechanism were obtained. \u0000Main results: The dynamic simulation was conducted, and the results showed that the optimized mechanism could meet the trajectory, acceleration, and clamping force requirement for picking up seedlings. The performance tests showed that the success ratio in picking up seedlings reached 84.46%, indicating the feasibility of the four-claw seedling pick-up mechanism for automatic transplanting machines. \u0000Research highlights: The four-claw seedling pick-up mechanism can be used in the automatic transplanting machine. Additionally, the hybrid PSO-SA algorithm can achieve promising results in solving the optimization problem of the seedling pick-up mechanism.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49168005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18792
X. Baraza, Natàlia Cugueró-Escofet
Aim of study: The objective of this paper was to understand the differences between immigrants and Spanish workers in terms of duration of sick leave, for work accidents in Spain’s agricultural sector, to propose possible action plans and improve the sector’s future accident rates, with equal conditions for immigrants and Spanish workers. Area of study: The analysis was based in a total of 158,166 accidents in Spain from 2013 to 2018 Material and methods: The average number of working days lost per group (Spanish and immigrants) has been calculated for the different variables. For each case, a mean comparison analysis was performed using Student's t-test to independently compare nationals and immigrants for each variable. Main results: The agricultural sector produces a high level of severe accident rates compared to other sectors, as incident rates of death are 59.36% higher in agriculture compared to other sectors. It has the highest level of accidents for foreign workers, as immigrants presented 91.36% more accidents that Spaniards, even if accidents for immigrants are under reported, as regarding workdays lost due to injuries reported, these are statistically higher for Spanish workers. This meaning that this sector is more precarious, and this is worse for immigrants, therefore is a compelling matter of social justice that deserve the establishment of policies for government and companies to equate work conditions between immigrants and Spaniards. Research highlights: A comparative analysis of the severity of occupational accidents between Spanish and foreign workers in Spain’s agricultural sector.
{"title":"Immigration and occupational accidents: A comparative study of accident severity among foreign and Spanish citizens in the agricultural sector","authors":"X. Baraza, Natàlia Cugueró-Escofet","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18792","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The objective of this paper was to understand the differences between immigrants and Spanish workers in terms of duration of sick leave, for work accidents in Spain’s agricultural sector, to propose possible action plans and improve the sector’s future accident rates, with equal conditions for immigrants and Spanish workers. \u0000Area of study: The analysis was based in a total of 158,166 accidents in Spain from 2013 to 2018 \u0000Material and methods: The average number of working days lost per group (Spanish and immigrants) has been calculated for the different variables. For each case, a mean comparison analysis was performed using Student's t-test to independently compare nationals and immigrants for each variable. \u0000Main results: The agricultural sector produces a high level of severe accident rates compared to other sectors, as incident rates of death are 59.36% higher in agriculture compared to other sectors. It has the highest level of accidents for foreign workers, as immigrants presented 91.36% more accidents that Spaniards, even if accidents for immigrants are under reported, as regarding workdays lost due to injuries reported, these are statistically higher for Spanish workers. This meaning that this sector is more precarious, and this is worse for immigrants, therefore is a compelling matter of social justice that deserve the establishment of policies for government and companies to equate work conditions between immigrants and Spaniards. \u0000Research highlights: A comparative analysis of the severity of occupational accidents between Spanish and foreign workers in Spain’s agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48845621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-19149
P. Palma-Granados, J. Garcia-Casco, M. Fernández-Barroso, A. López-García, Jose M. Martínez-Torres, M. Muñoz, E. González-Sánchez
Aim of study: To evaluate two experimental diets based on olive cake supplied during the growth period as an alternative to the restricted feeding applied in the production of Iberian pigs fattened with acorn (Montanera system). Area of study: Southwest of Badajoz, Spain Material and methods: 44 Iberian pigs were divided in three diet groups: 1) control (C) group (n=15), 2) dry olive pulp (DOP) group, fed a compound feed elaborated with olive pulp (n=14), and 3) wet crude olive cake (WCOC) group, fed a compound feed and olive cake silage supplied ad libitum (n=15). Subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken and backfat thickness and longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) area were measured. In addition, quality traits (intramuscular fat percentage, color, pigment content, water holding capacity and shear force) were measured in LTL. Backfat fatty acid profile and intramuscular fat were also analysed. Main results: Significant differences were observed between groups for most of the fatty acids in backfat at 95 kg but differences were of lower magnitude at 160 kg and affected only to C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C20:0, C20:1 and ΣSFA. Otherwise, lower values for red color and myoglobin content and higher for thawing water losses were observed for DOP pigs. The WCOC did not affect the analysed quality traits. Research highlights: Experimental diets did not have an important impact on growth, carcass composition or meat quality. Therefore, WCOC dietary treatment could be an interesting alternative that could reduce the undesirable effects of feed restriction.
{"title":"Inclusion of olive by-products in growing diets causes minor effects on meat quality of Iberian pigs fattened in a traditional system","authors":"P. Palma-Granados, J. Garcia-Casco, M. Fernández-Barroso, A. López-García, Jose M. Martínez-Torres, M. Muñoz, E. González-Sánchez","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-19149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19149","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To evaluate two experimental diets based on olive cake supplied during the growth period as an alternative to the restricted feeding applied in the production of Iberian pigs fattened with acorn (Montanera system). \u0000Area of study: Southwest of Badajoz, Spain \u0000Material and methods: 44 Iberian pigs were divided in three diet groups: 1) control (C) group (n=15), 2) dry olive pulp (DOP) group, fed a compound feed elaborated with olive pulp (n=14), and 3) wet crude olive cake (WCOC) group, fed a compound feed and olive cake silage supplied ad libitum (n=15). Subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken and backfat thickness and longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) area were measured. In addition, quality traits (intramuscular fat percentage, color, pigment content, water holding capacity and shear force) were measured in LTL. Backfat fatty acid profile and intramuscular fat were also analysed. \u0000Main results: Significant differences were observed between groups for most of the fatty acids in backfat at 95 kg but differences were of lower magnitude at 160 kg and affected only to C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C20:0, C20:1 and ΣSFA. Otherwise, lower values for red color and myoglobin content and higher for thawing water losses were observed for DOP pigs. The WCOC did not affect the analysed quality traits. \u0000Research highlights: Experimental diets did not have an important impact on growth, carcass composition or meat quality. Therefore, WCOC dietary treatment could be an interesting alternative that could reduce the undesirable effects of feed restriction.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42437003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-19272
Z. Amanzougarene, E. Pérez-Calvo, M. Fondevila
Aim of study: To define freezing conditions that preserve fermentative capacity of microbial inoculum for in vitro studies in pigs. Material and methods: Caecal contents from three slaughtered pigs were obtained for being used as inoculum. Part of it was immediately frozen in liquid N and stored at -80ºC, whereas the rest was directly used as fermentation inocula. Incubation substrate was pre-digested in pepsin and pancreatin to simulate the processes occurring before the caecum. Pre-digested substrate was incubated alone or supplemented by three additives consisting of two commercial additives based on essential oils mixtures (CRINA-TEP and CRINA-TMEC) and riboflavin. Gas production at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h, and methane, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and ammonia concentration at 6 h and 12 h were recorded. Main results: No differences (p>0.05) were recorded along the 12 h incubation between both preservation methods of inocula regarding gas production, methane or total SCFA or their molar proportions. Only a trend for a higher ammonia concentration was detected with frozen than fresh inocula (p=0.062). Although not a main objective of the paper, gas production from the substrate alone (control) was lower than with riboflavin from 8 h onwards, and with CRINA-TEP from 4 to 10 h incubation (p>0.05). Research highlights: Caecal inoculum from pigs for in vitro fermentation studies can be preserved by freezing, provided that freezing and thawing processes are carried out under favorable conditions, especially in terms of time and temperature.
{"title":"Freezing preservation procedure of caecal inoculum for microbial fermentation studies in pigs","authors":"Z. Amanzougarene, E. Pérez-Calvo, M. Fondevila","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-19272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19272","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To define freezing conditions that preserve fermentative capacity of microbial inoculum for in vitro studies in pigs. \u0000Material and methods: Caecal contents from three slaughtered pigs were obtained for being used as inoculum. Part of it was immediately frozen in liquid N and stored at -80ºC, whereas the rest was directly used as fermentation inocula. Incubation substrate was pre-digested in pepsin and pancreatin to simulate the processes occurring before the caecum. Pre-digested substrate was incubated alone or supplemented by three additives consisting of two commercial additives based on essential oils mixtures (CRINA-TEP and CRINA-TMEC) and riboflavin. Gas production at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h, and methane, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and ammonia concentration at 6 h and 12 h were recorded. \u0000Main results: No differences (p>0.05) were recorded along the 12 h incubation between both preservation methods of inocula regarding gas production, methane or total SCFA or their molar proportions. Only a trend for a higher ammonia concentration was detected with frozen than fresh inocula (p=0.062). Although not a main objective of the paper, gas production from the substrate alone (control) was lower than with riboflavin from 8 h onwards, and with CRINA-TEP from 4 to 10 h incubation (p>0.05). \u0000Research highlights: Caecal inoculum from pigs for in vitro fermentation studies can be preserved by freezing, provided that freezing and thawing processes are carried out under favorable conditions, especially in terms of time and temperature.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46311221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-19200
Natalia Dejo-Oricain, M. Fernández-Olmos, Ana Gargallo-Castel
Aim of study: To analyse the role that valuable resources and agglomeration would play in the decision to produce organic wines. Area of study: The Controlled Designation of Origin (DOC) Rioja wine industry in Spain, the leading qualified denomination of origin of Spain. Material and methods: Taking into account the nature of the dependent variable, a binomial logit model was used. Main results: This paper confirms the significance of valuable resources such as financial resources and human resources, but also of knowledge-based spillovers from proximate organic wineries in improving the probability of producing organic wines. Contrary to expectations, technological resources and experience in the wine industry have no significant effect. Research highlights: The resource based-view and the cluster approach are complementary to improving the predictive elements of producing organic wine in the DOC Rioja wine industry. The authors were unable to pre-register the analysis involving primary data collection before the data collection exercise starts. This requirement is from January 2022 and the survey period of this paper was on 2017. According to the editorial policy of the journal this analysis should be considered exploratory.
{"title":"Determinants of organic wine production: An application in the DOC Rioja wine industry","authors":"Natalia Dejo-Oricain, M. Fernández-Olmos, Ana Gargallo-Castel","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-19200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19200","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To analyse the role that valuable resources and agglomeration would play in the decision to produce organic wines. \u0000Area of study: The Controlled Designation of Origin (DOC) Rioja wine industry in Spain, the leading qualified denomination of origin of Spain. \u0000Material and methods: Taking into account the nature of the dependent variable, a binomial logit model was used. \u0000Main results: This paper confirms the significance of valuable resources such as financial resources and human resources, but also of knowledge-based spillovers from proximate organic wineries in improving the probability of producing organic wines. Contrary to expectations, technological resources and experience in the wine industry have no significant effect. \u0000Research highlights: The resource based-view and the cluster approach are complementary to improving the predictive elements of producing organic wine in the DOC Rioja wine industry. The authors were unable to pre-register the analysis involving primary data collection before the data collection exercise starts. This requirement is from January 2022 and the survey period of this paper was on 2017. According to the editorial policy of the journal this analysis should be considered exploratory.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48176620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18704
Maria A. M. Dos Reis, L. N. Corrêa, A. F. dos Santos, R. P. da Silva
Aim of study: The objective was evaluating the peanut combining process quality in three soil tillage systems associated with threshing and separation systems efficiency of peanut combine available on market. Area of study: Brazil. Material and methods: The treatments were three soil tillage systems (conventional, reduced and strip) and two harvesters with different threshing systems. The losses were collected (subdivided in internal mechanisms, pickup platform, and total losses) in fifteen points for each treatment, as impurity samples, following the statistical process control. Main results: The soil tillage only in sowing line reduced the peanut combining quality (30.4% more mineral impurities and 37.7% more vegetal impurities). The machine with tangential flow presented lower capacity of mineral impurity removal, regardless the soil tillage system. Research highlights: The losses were similar for conventional and reduced soil tillages, which indicates that it would be possible to reduce the number of agricultural operations before peanut sowing, consequently lessening costs without loss in process quality.
{"title":"Peanut harvest quality: Relationship between soil tillage management and threshing systems","authors":"Maria A. M. Dos Reis, L. N. Corrêa, A. F. dos Santos, R. P. da Silva","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18704","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The objective was evaluating the peanut combining process quality in three soil tillage systems associated with threshing and separation systems efficiency of peanut combine available on market. \u0000Area of study: Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: The treatments were three soil tillage systems (conventional, reduced and strip) and two harvesters with different threshing systems. The losses were collected (subdivided in internal mechanisms, pickup platform, and total losses) in fifteen points for each treatment, as impurity samples, following the statistical process control. \u0000Main results: The soil tillage only in sowing line reduced the peanut combining quality (30.4% more mineral impurities and 37.7% more vegetal impurities). The machine with tangential flow presented lower capacity of mineral impurity removal, regardless the soil tillage system. \u0000Research highlights: The losses were similar for conventional and reduced soil tillages, which indicates that it would be possible to reduce the number of agricultural operations before peanut sowing, consequently lessening costs without loss in process quality.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42410214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18804
L. B. Ferracioli, Larissa C. Carvalho, Camila M. S. Chaves, S. R. Oliveira, J. E. Moraes, C. C. Pizzolante, F. Budiño
Aim of study: To assess the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with micronized soybean (MS) on the digestibility (Experiment I) and performance (Experiment II) of piglets in the starter phase and its residual effects on the growing/finishing phases and carcass and meat quality traits Area of study: São Paulo, Brazil. Materials and methods: The treatments consisted of different levels of dietary replacement of SBM with MS at intervals of 25%, totaling five inclusions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Main results: In Exp. I, the administration of the pre-starter I diet resulted in a positive linear effect (p<0.05) on the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein and a quadratic effect (p<0.01) on the ADCs of dry matter and crude fat. For the pre-starter II diet, there was a quadratic effect on the ADCs of dry matter and crude fat (p<0.05). For the starter diet, a negative linear effect on the ADC of dry matter was observed (p<0.01). In Exp. II, the feed intake and weight gain decreased linearly throughout the starter phase (p<0.01), while no significant difference (p>0.05) in feed conversion was observed with increasing inclusion level of MS. Research highlights: Replacing SBM with MS in the starter diet did not influence performance during the growing and finishing phases. Meat quality was not affected but a lower retail cut weight were observed in animals fed a starter diet with higher levels of MS.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2022203-18416
R. Isla, M. Guillén, E. T. Medina, B. Latorre, D. Quílez, J. Cavero
Aim of the study: Alfalfa is one the most important forage legume crop worldwide but little information is available regarding to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) under Mediterranean sprinkler-irrigated conditions. Area of study: Middle Ebro valley, Spain Materials and methods: The GHG emissions during two alfalfa growing periods (4th and 5th stands) were evaluated using both the static method chambers and two automatic chambers coupled with a photoacoustic equipment that measured short-term gas emissions. Main results: Year-average CH4 fluxes were -0.71 g C ha-1 day-1, generally no significantly different from zero. Year-average N2O flux was 3.96 g N ha-1 day-1 with higher fluxes associated to some specific large rainfall or irrigation events. Average cumulative emissions of 865 g N ha-1year-1 were found. We found short-term peaks of N2O (up to 160 g N ha-1 day-1) associated with high values of soil water filled pore space (WFPS) that can go unnoticed using the static chamber procedure. In spite of the higher soil NO3‾ concentration in the alfalfa-precedent field compared to the maize-precedent field, no significant differences in cumulative N2O emissions were observed in the two-month period after alfalfa or maize residues incorporation. Research highlights: Low GHG emissions were found in an irrigated alfalfa crop compared to N-fertilized crops but a deeper knowledge of the limiting factors of denitrification observed during some anoxic events (WFPS>90%) is necessary to properly quantify N2O emissions in irrigated alfalfa.
研究目的:紫花苜蓿是世界上最重要的饲用豆科作物之一，但关于地中海喷灌条件下的温室气体排放(GHG)的信息很少。材料和方法:使用静态法试验室和两个自动试验室与光声设备(测量短期气体排放)对两个紫花苜蓿生长期(4号和5号展台)的温室气体排放进行了评估。主要结果:年平均CH4通量为-0.71 g C ha-1 day-1，与零基本无显著差异。年平均N2O通量为3.96 g N ha-1 day-1，与某些特定的大降雨或灌溉事件有关。平均累积排放量为865 g N ha-1year-1。我们发现N2O的短期峰值(高达160 g N ha-1 day-1)与土壤水填充孔隙空间(WFPS)的高值相关，而使用静态室程序可能不会被注意到。尽管苜蓿先行田的土壤NO3浓度比玉米先行田的土壤NO3浓度高，但在苜蓿或玉米秸秆加入后的两个月内，累积N2O排放量没有显著差异。研究重点:与施氮作物相比，灌溉苜蓿的温室气体排放量较低，但要正确量化灌溉苜蓿的N2O排放，有必要深入了解在某些缺氧事件(WFPS为90%)中观察到的反硝化限制因素。
{"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions associated to sprinkler-irrigated alfalfa under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions","authors":"R. Isla, M. Guillén, E. T. Medina, B. Latorre, D. Quílez, J. Cavero","doi":"10.5424/sjar/2022203-18416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18416","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: Alfalfa is one the most important forage legume crop worldwide but little information is available regarding to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) under Mediterranean sprinkler-irrigated conditions. \u0000Area of study: Middle Ebro valley, Spain \u0000Materials and methods: The GHG emissions during two alfalfa growing periods (4th and 5th stands) were evaluated using both the static method chambers and two automatic chambers coupled with a photoacoustic equipment that measured short-term gas emissions. \u0000Main results: Year-average CH4 fluxes were -0.71 g C ha-1 day-1, generally no significantly different from zero. Year-average N2O flux was 3.96 g N ha-1 day-1 with higher fluxes associated to some specific large rainfall or irrigation events. Average cumulative emissions of 865 g N ha-1year-1 were found. We found short-term peaks of N2O (up to 160 g N ha-1 day-1) associated with high values of soil water filled pore space (WFPS) that can go unnoticed using the static chamber procedure. In spite of the higher soil NO3‾ concentration in the alfalfa-precedent field compared to the maize-precedent field, no significant differences in cumulative N2O emissions were observed in the two-month period after alfalfa or maize residues incorporation. \u0000Research highlights: Low GHG emissions were found in an irrigated alfalfa crop compared to N-fertilized crops but a deeper knowledge of the limiting factors of denitrification observed during some anoxic events (WFPS>90%) is necessary to properly quantify N2O emissions in irrigated alfalfa.","PeriodicalId":22182,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47566527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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