Synthetic Metals最新文献_第5页

Novel fluorescent substituted pyridines: Experimental characterization and theoretical evaluation for OLED applications 新型荧光取代吡啶：OLED应用的实验表征和理论评价

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118070

Hanen Jomaa , Walid Taouali , Nicole Jaffrezic , Hamdi Ben Halima , Kamel Alimi

Three new fluorescent organic small molecules based on the 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyridine and containing one (1), two (2), and three (3) carbazoleunits were synthesized via a nucleophilic substitution reaction, with yields of 64.4 %, 14 % and 39.9 %, respectively. Their designed structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁹F) and infrared spectroscopy. Their optical and electrochemical properties were thoroughly characterized revealing a systematic decrease in the optical energy gap (Eg_opt) as the number of carbazole donor units increased: 3.36 eV (1), 3.28 eV (2), and 3.21 eV (3) respectively. Moreover, the onset degradation temperature values increased progressively from 174 °C (1) to 278 °C (2), and up to 351 °C (3), indicating enhanced thermal stability.These molecules exhibited blue-green, deep violet-blue and deep-blue emission colors, respectively. DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed to investigate the ground- and excited-state properties of the molecules. The low-energy S0→S0 transitions exhibit pronounced intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) character, as indicated by the charge-transfer distance (D_CT), with molecule 1 showing the largest value (3.51 Å). The calculated reorganization energies for hole transport are 0.40, 0.09, and 0.05 eV for molecules 1–3, respectively. Lower reorganization energies suggest more efficient charge hopping and enhanced charge-carrier mobility, highlighting the beneficial role of carbazole units in improving charge transport. A device-oriented theoretical analysis further evaluated their suitability as emissive layers in OLEDs, considering energy-level alignment and transport properties. Overall, the combined experimental and theoretical results indicate that these pyridine-carbazole derivatives are promising emissive materials for organic electronic and OLED applications.

以3,5-二氯-2,4,6-三氟吡啶为基料，通过亲核取代反应合成了三种新型荧光有机小分子，分别含有1(1)、2(2)和3(3)个咔唑单元，产率分别为64.4 %、14 %和39.9 %。核磁共振（¹H， 13C和19F）和红外光谱证实了它们的结构。对它们的光学和电化学性质进行了全面表征，结果表明，随着咔唑给体单位数量的增加，光能隙（Egopt）有系统地减小：分别为3.36 eV(1)、3.28 eV(2)和3.21 eV(3)。此外，起始降解温量值从174°C(1)逐渐增加到278°C(2)，并高达351°C(3)，表明热稳定性增强。这些分子分别表现出蓝绿色、深紫蓝色和深蓝色的发射色。通过DFT和TD-DFT计算来研究分子的基态和激发态性质。低能的S0→S0跃迁表现出明显的分子内电荷转移（ICT）特征，如电荷转移距离（DCT）所示，分子1显示出最大的值（3.51 Å）。分子1-3的空穴输运重组能分别为0.40、0.09和0.05 eV。较低的重组能表明更有效的电荷跳跃和增强的电荷载流子迁移率，突出了咔唑单位在改善电荷传输方面的有益作用。一项面向器件的理论分析进一步评估了它们作为oled发射层的适用性，考虑了能级对准和输运特性。总体而言，实验和理论结果表明，这些吡啶-咔唑衍生物是有机电子和OLED应用中有前途的发射材料。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance PEDOT-thermoplastic elastomer films for stretchable electronics applications 用于可拉伸电子应用的高性能pedot热塑性弹性体薄膜

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118064

Lucija Fiket , Yuhka Uda , Xin Sun , Bicheng Zhu , Zoran Žujović , Jadranka Travas-Sejdic , Zvonimir Katančić

In the rapidly evolving field of flexible electronics, the development of materials that are simultaneously conductive, stretchable and self-healable is critical for applications such as wearable devices and sensors that operate under dynamic conditions. However, achieving these properties while maintaining reliable electrical performance under mechanical stress remains a significant challenge. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of stretchable and conductive composite films based on a graft copolymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (S-SEBS). By grafting poly(acrylate-urethane) (PAU) chains onto a PEDOT derivative in the composite with S-SEBS, we achieved a stretchable conducting composite with self-healing capabilities. Mechanical tests and self-healing experiments confirmed the robustness and durability of these composites. The grafted films exhibited a conductivity of 2.88 ± 0.27 S cm⁻¹ , maintaining sufficient electrical performance for practical applications despite the presence of insulating PAU and S-SEBS. The sensing functionality of the fabricated films was demonstrated in recording electromyographic (EMG) signals. Self-healing PEDOT-g-PAU:S-SEBS composites represent a significant advance in stretchable electronics applications as they combine mechanical flexibility and electrical functionality.

在快速发展的柔性电子领域，同时具有导电性，可拉伸性和自愈性的材料的开发对于在动态条件下运行的可穿戴设备和传感器等应用至关重要。然而，在机械应力下实现这些性能的同时保持可靠的电气性能仍然是一个重大挑战。本文研究了基于聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）和磺化聚苯乙烯-嵌段聚（乙烯-对丁烯）-嵌段聚苯乙烯（S-SEBS）接枝共聚物的可拉伸导电复合薄膜的合成和表征。通过将聚丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯（PAU）链接枝到S-SEBS复合材料中的PEDOT衍生物上，我们获得了具有自修复能力的可拉伸导电复合材料。力学测试和自修复实验证实了这些复合材料的坚固性和耐久性。接枝膜的电导率为2.88 ± 0.27 S cm⁻¹ ，尽管存在绝缘PAU和S- sebs，但在实际应用中仍能保持足够的电性能。制备的薄膜在记录肌电信号方面具有传感功能。自修复PEDOT-g-PAU:S-SEBS复合材料结合了机械灵活性和电气功能，代表了可拉伸电子应用的重大进步。

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引用次数: 0

Electrical and dielectric properties of EVA /PANI @SnO2 nanocomposites for flexible electronic devices 柔性电子器件用EVA /PANI @SnO2纳米复合材料的电学和介电性能

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118069

Foziah F. Al-Fawzan , Amal.F. Abd El-Gawad , S.A. Fayek , Mahmoud G.A. Saleh , Abdulaal Zuhayr Al-Khazaal , A.I. Sharshir

To advance the structural and dielectric properties of tin oxide embedded in EVA polymer film, a series of polyaniline (PANI) @ tin oxide (SnO₂) nanocomposites with loading of varying weight percentages of SnO₂ were synthesized using a sol-gel process. SnO₂ loading's impact on PANI/SnO₂ nanocomposites' electrical characteristics, surface morphology, and overall structure was examined. The production of nanocomposites was examined using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, and DSC techniques. The characteristic SnO₂ band at 602 cm⁻¹ in the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the attachment of SnO₂ to ethylene vinyl acetate. The phase's homogeneity and the crystalline makeup of the SnO₂ crystals were elucidated using XRD and TEM investigations. When minimal SnO₂ is included in the ethylene vinyl acetate matrix, the Differential scanning calorimetry results show oxidation of tin. The primary melting point in all ethylene vinyl acetate pure and hybrid polymeric is located between 345 and 355 °C. Notable fluctuations in frequency are seen in the experimental measurements of the dielectric constant ε₂, dielectric loss ε₁, and σ_ac. It is observed that as the frequency rises, the values of ε′ and ε′′ also increase. The σ_ac increases with frequency. Based on our findings, the synthesized EVA/PANI@SnO₂ hybrid nanocomposite polymer films have significant potential for applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronic devices.

为了提高EVA聚合物薄膜中氧化锡的结构和介电性能，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列负载不同重量百分比氧化锡的聚苯胺（PANI） @氧化锡（SnO2）纳米复合材料。研究了SnO2负载对聚苯胺/SnO2纳米复合材料的电学特性、表面形貌和整体结构的影响。采用FT-IR， XRD， TEM和DSC技术对纳米复合材料的制备进行了检测。傅里叶变换红外光谱在602 cm−1处的SnO2特征波段证实了SnO2与乙烯醋酸乙烯的附着。用XRD和TEM研究了SnO2晶体的相均匀性和晶型组成。当乙烯-醋酸乙烯基中加入少量SnO2时，差示扫描量热法结果显示锡发生氧化。所有乙烯醋酸乙烯纯聚合物和杂化聚合物的主要熔点位于345和355°C之间。实验测量的介电常数ε2、介电损耗ε1和σac均有明显的频率波动。可以观察到，随着频率的升高，ε′和ε′的值也随之增大。σac随频率增加而增大。基于我们的研究结果，合成的EVA/PANI@SnO2杂化纳米复合聚合物薄膜在纳米电子和光电子器件中具有重要的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Wearable technology for 2D MXene based supercapacitors 2D MXene超级电容器的可穿戴技术

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118068

Begüm Sarac , Seydanur Yücer , Fatih Ciftci , Mika Sillanpää

The growing demand for wearable electronics has intensified the need for lightweight, flexible, and high-performance energy storage systems. MXene-based supercapacitors have emerged as a promising solution due to their high electrical conductivity, large surface area, mechanical flexibility, and excellent electrochemical performance. These features enable rapid charge–discharge capability, long cycling stability, and seamless integration with flexible and stretchable substrates. This study reviews the application potential of MXene-based supercapacitors in wearable technologies such as health monitoring systems, fitness trackers, smart textiles, and AR/VR devices. In addition, key challenges, including large-scale production, oxidation stability, electrolyte compatibility, and mechanical durability, are discussed. Recent strategies to enhance material stability and device performance through surface modification and hybrid configurations are highlighted. MXene-based supercapacitors are expected to play a crucial role in the development of next-generation self-powered and smart wearable systems.

对可穿戴电子产品日益增长的需求加剧了对轻质、灵活和高性能储能系统的需求。基于mxene的超级电容器由于其高导电性、大表面积、机械灵活性和优异的电化学性能而成为一种有前途的解决方案。这些特性使快速充放电能力，长循环稳定性，并与柔性和可拉伸基板无缝集成。本研究综述了基于mxene的超级电容器在健康监测系统、健身追踪器、智能纺织品和AR/VR设备等可穿戴技术中的应用潜力。此外，还讨论了包括大规模生产、氧化稳定性、电解质相容性和机械耐久性在内的关键挑战。强调了通过表面改性和混合配置提高材料稳定性和器件性能的最新策略。基于mxene的超级电容器有望在下一代自供电和智能可穿戴系统的开发中发挥关键作用。

引用次数: 0

Enhanced electrochemical performance of self-crosslinked PEDOT:PSS hydrogel electrodes for supercapacitors 超级电容器用自交联PEDOT:PSS水凝胶电极电化学性能的提高

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118067

Kiran Gupta , Ram Sevak Singh , Arun Kumar Singh

Conducting polymer hydrogels exhibit unique electrical and electrochemical characteristics, positioning them as promising materials for advanced energy storage applications. However, achieving both high electrical conductivity and capacitive performance remains a challenge, as conventional hydrogel synthesis often involves the use of insulating additives that compromise electrochemical stability. In this work, we report the synthesis of an additive-free poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogel via a simple gel-film formation process. Field emission scanning electron microscopy reveals a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure, which is favourable for good ion transport and charge storage. The PEDOT:PSS hydrogel electrode delivers a high areal capacitance of 1047 mF/cm² at a scan rate of 2 mV/s in 1 M KOH. A solid-state symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using this hydrogel exhibits a high energy density of 54.3 μWh/cm² at a power density of 307.5 μW/cm², along with excellent cycling stability, retaining ∼97.4 % of its capacitance after 3000 cycles. Practical applicability is demonstrated by powering a ‘GGV’ LED panel comprising 21 LEDs using two devices connected in series. This study underscores the potential of additive-free PEDOT:PSS hydrogels as efficient, scalable electrode materials for next-generation energy storage systems.

导电聚合物水凝胶表现出独特的电学和电化学特性，使其成为先进储能应用的有前途的材料。然而，实现高导电性和高电容性能仍然是一个挑战，因为传统的水凝胶合成通常涉及使用有损电化学稳定性的绝缘添加剂。在这项工作中，我们报告了通过简单的凝胶膜形成工艺合成无添加剂的聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）：聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT:PSS）水凝胶。场发射扫描电镜显示三维互连多孔结构，有利于良好的离子传输和电荷存储。PEDOT:PSS水凝胶电极在1 M KOH中扫描速率为2 mV/s时提供1047 mF/cm2的高面电容。利用该水凝胶制备的固态对称超级电容器在307.5 μW/cm2的功率密度下具有54.3 μWh/cm2的高能量密度，并且具有优异的循环稳定性，在3000次循环后保持了97.4% %的电容。通过使用串联连接的两个器件为包含21个LED的“GGV”LED面板供电，证明了实用性。这项研究强调了无添加剂PEDOT:PSS水凝胶作为下一代储能系统中高效、可扩展的电极材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of a novel BT-Cz-3HT2 donor-acceptor conjugated via oxidative polymerization: Potential for optoelectronic applications 新型BT-Cz-3HT2给受体氧化聚合的合成与表征：光电应用潜力

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118066

E. El-Bialy , Amel Azazi , Entesar H. EL-Araby , Rym Hassani , Doaa H. Shabaan , Salwa Fezai , Mohamed Mitwalli

This study presents the synthesis via oxidative polymerization and in-depth characterization of a novel donor-acceptor conjugated terpolymer, BT-Cz-3HT2, incorporating benzothiadiazole (BT), carbazole (Cz), and 3-hexylthiophene (3HT) units. This approach offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional coupling methods like Suzuki or Stille, enabling scalable production while maintaining regioregularity. The material exhibits high thermal stability (Tg = 109 °C, onset decomposition >232 °C) and broad optical absorption up to 550 nm, featuring a strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band at 430 nm indicative of efficient donor-acceptor interactions. The optical bandgap of 2.15 eV, confirmed by UV–vis and DFT/TDDFT studies, is narrower than those of the individual homopolymers (BT ∼3.0 eV, Cz ∼3.5 eV), suggesting enhanced conjugation. Structural integrity was verified using NMR and FTIR, while theoretical predictions closely matched experimental photophysical data, validating the proposed structure-property correlations. Compared to similar Cz-BT copolymers (PCE ∼4–6 % in OSCs), the incorporation of 3HT units improves solubility and hole mobility potential. These attributes position BT-Cz-3HT₂ as a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications, particularly low-cost organic solar cells and field-effect transistors.

本研究通过氧化聚合合成了一种新型的供体-受体共轭三元共聚物BT-Cz- 3ht2，并对其进行了深入表征，该三元共聚物含有苯并噻唑（BT）、咔唑（Cz）和3-己基噻吩（3HT）。这种方法为传统的耦合方法（如Suzuki或Stille）提供了一种经济有效的替代方案，可以在保持区域规律性的同时实现可扩展的生产。该材料具有高热稳定性（Tg = 109°C，起始分解>；232°C）和高达550 nm的宽光吸收，在430 nm处具有强的分子内电荷转移（ICT）带，表明有效的供体-受体相互作用。经UV-vis和DFT/TDDFT研究证实，其光学带隙为2.15 eV，比单个均聚物（BT ~ 3.0 eV, Cz ~ 3.5 eV）的带隙窄，表明共轭性增强。利用核磁共振和红外光谱验证了结构的完整性，而理论预测与实验光物理数据密切匹配，验证了提出的结构-性质相关性。与类似的Cz-BT共聚物（OSCs中PCE ~ 4-6 %）相比，3HT单元的加入提高了溶解度和空穴迁移势。这些特性使BT-Cz-3HT2成为光电子应用，特别是低成本有机太阳能电池和场效应晶体管的有前途的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of electrochemical behavior of phthalocyanine derivatives on polythiophene-based supercapacitor electrode materials 酞菁衍生物对多噻吩基超级电容器电极材料电化学行为的影响

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118065

Sıla Melahat Yilmaz , Elif Türker Acar , Melih Besir Arvas , Koray Gürkan , Sibel Yazar

Conductive polymers are primarily organic compounds, and their chemical synthesis is relatively straightforward and cost-effective. This characteristic contributes to a reduction in the overall cost of energy storage systems and facilitates their large-scale production. Through suitable modifications and the incorporation of dopants, the energy storage capacity of these materials can be enhanced, potentially increasing their efficiency when compared to conventional battery technologies. This study employed a single-step electrochemical coating technique to polymerize the Polythiophene (PTh) conducting polymer. Phytocyanin (H2Pc), Nickel (II) phthalocyanine (NiPc), and Nickel (II) phthalocyanine-tetra sulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiTSPc) derivatives were included as dopants in the polymerization process to enhance the performance of the supercapacitor electrode made from polythiophene. Pure polythiophene typically has low specific capacitance and a limited cycle life, limiting its overall energy storage capacity. The coating containing nickel (II) phthalocyanine-tetra sulfonic acid tetrasodium salt demonstrated the highest specific capacitance. The half-cell system has a maximum capacitance of 366.5 F g⁻¹ at the scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹. Galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments revealed a 31.8-fold increase in performance over pure polythiophene. Using the same electrodes, the maximum energy and power density of the symmetric supercapacitor were determined as 0,0142 Wh/kg and 16 W/kg, respectively. The symmetrical supercapacitor exhibits a capacitance retention of 90.4 % after 5000 cycles.

导电聚合物主要是有机化合物，其化学合成相对简单，成本效益高。这一特性有助于降低储能系统的总体成本，并促进其大规模生产。通过适当的修改和掺杂剂的掺入，这些材料的能量存储能力可以得到增强，与传统电池技术相比，它们的效率可能会提高。本研究采用一步电化学包覆技术聚合聚噻吩（PTh）导电聚合物。在聚合过程中加入植物花青素（H2Pc）、镍（II）酞菁（NiPc）和镍（II）酞菁-四磺酸四钠盐（NiTSPc）衍生物，以提高聚噻吩制备的超级电容器电极的性能。纯聚噻吩通常具有低比电容和有限的循环寿命，限制了其整体储能能力。含镍（II）酞菁四磺酸四钠盐的涂层比电容最高。该半电池体系在扫描速率为5 mV s−1时的最大电容为366.5 F g−1。恒流充放电实验表明，其性能比纯聚噻吩提高了31.8倍。在相同的电极条件下，对称超级电容器的最大能量和功率密度分别为0,0142 Wh/kg和16 W/kg。对称型超级电容器在5000次循环后的电容保持率为90.4 %。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable hydrophobic and strength film coatings for corrosion protection: Lignin biopolymer as an attractive film former on carbon steel- a way towards green chemistry 用于防腐的可持续疏水和强度膜涂层：木质素生物聚合物作为一种有吸引力的碳钢成膜剂-通往绿色化学的道路

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118061

Soukaina. Akachar , Youssef. Zarki , Hafssa. Majdoub , Leila. Azaryouh , Mounir. El Achaby , Ahmed. Ait Aghzzaf , Khalid. Draoui

Lignin, an abundant byproduct of biomass processing, holds great promise for sustainable material applications. As a novel stride, in this study, pure lignin was extracted from raw Alfa fibers through a single, eco-friendly alkali treatment and assessed as both a green corrosion inhibitor and a coating precursor for carbon steel (CS). Electrochemical techniques revealed that the synthesized Alkali lignin (S-AL) achieved 92.9 % inhibition efficiency, surpassing commercial Alkali lignin (C-AL) by forming an adsorbed thin organic barrier on the CS surface. Harnessing this property, S-AL was spray-deposited into a uniform film whose high hydrophobicity (92.11°), low water uptake (10 %), and strong adhesion translated into superior long-term corrosion resistance. Structural and surface analyses (XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM-EDS, Zeta potential, and particle size) confirmed the purity of S-AL and the integrity of the coating. This waste-to-coating approach delivers a high-performance, sustainable alternative for steel protection.

木质素是生物质加工的一种丰富的副产品，在可持续材料应用方面具有很大的前景。作为一项新的进展，本研究通过单一、环保的碱处理从原阿尔法纤维中提取纯木质素，并评估其作为绿色缓蚀剂和碳钢（CS）涂层前驱体的性能。电化学技术表明，合成的碱木质素（S-AL）通过在CS表面形成吸附的薄有机屏障，抑制效率达到92.9 %，超过了商品碱木质素（C-AL）。利用这一特性，S-AL被喷涂成均匀的膜，其高疏水性（92.11°），低吸水性（10 %）和强附着力转化为优异的长期耐腐蚀性。结构和表面分析（XRD, FT-IR， TGA, SEM-EDS， Zeta电位和粒度）证实了S-AL的纯度和涂层的完整性。这种废物转化为涂层的方法为钢铁保护提供了一种高性能、可持续的替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Giant variable-range hopping conductance in polar solvent and sulfuric acid-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) 极性溶剂和硫酸处理聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）：聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸盐）（PEDOT:PSS）的大可变范围跳变电导

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118060

Daichi Shimokawa , Yoshinori Nishikitani , Takaya Kubo , Soichi Uchida , Tsuyoshi Asano , Yukio Furukawa

The electrical transport mechanism of sulfuric acid (SA) treated PEDOT:PSS films prepared from a PEDOT:PSS solution with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG) as an additive was studied. The SA treatment increased the electrical conductivity; the maximum conductivity at room temperature was 2622 S cm⁻¹. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that all the SA-treated samples consist of crystallites and amorphous regions. Assuming that the electrical conductivity of such a heterogeneous sample can be expressed as the sum of metallic band conduction and Mott variable-range hopping (VRH) conduction, the electrical conductivity of the SA-treated film in the range 21–301 K was decomposed into metallic band conductivity and VRH conductivity. The VRH conductivity is larger than the metallic band conductivity. Hall effect measurements indicate that delocalized band carriers are generated upon SA treatment. Giant VRH conductivities probably originate from hopping between energy bands in the crystallites and localized electronic levels.

研究了以二甲亚砜（DMSO）或乙二醇（EG）为添加剂的PEDOT:PSS溶液经硫酸（SA）处理后的PEDOT:PSS薄膜的电传递机理。SA处理提高了电导率；室温下的最大电导率为2622 S cm−1。x射线衍射（XRD）图谱表明，经sa处理的样品均由晶态和非晶态组成。假设该非均质样品的电导率可表示为金属带电导率和Mott可变范围跳变（VRH）电导率之和，则sa处理膜在21-301 K范围内的电导率可分解为金属带电导率和VRH电导率。VRH电导率大于金属带电导率。霍尔效应测量表明，在SA处理后产生了离域带载波。巨大的VRH电导率可能源于晶体和局部电子能级之间的能带跳跃。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of quinoid and aromatic structures on the electrical properties of electropolymerized poly(3-methylthiophene) devices 醌和芳香族结构对电聚合聚（3-甲基噻吩）器件电性能的影响

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118059

S.K. Usha , P. Anjaneyulu , Shobith M. Shanbogh , Sougata Mandal , Mahipal Ranot

In this study, we focus on optimising the structural properties of Poly 3-methylthiophene (P3MT) by controlling the synthesis temperature and examining its effects on electrical characteristics. A thorough understanding of these electrical properties within device geometries is essential for advancing various optoelectronic applications. Changes in the polymer’s structure can significantly influence the charge-transport properties, which are vital for enhancing device performance. P3MT is electrodeposited onto a stainless-steel substrate at different synthesis temperatures, specifically 25 °C, 0 °C, −10 °C, and −20 °C. The as-deposited P3MT films serve as host material, while tetra-butyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF₆) serves as both a dopant and an electrolyte for electrochemical deposition. Raman spectroscopy measurements have well established that electropolymerized, doped P3MT exhibits two distinct structures in its thin film: quinoid and aromatic. By varying the synthesis temperature, we can modify the ratio of these structures within thin films. Electrical transport and relaxation measurements on a Metal-polymer-metal (MPM) sandwich device geometry show that this ratio affects the conduction mechanisms, as confirmed by I-V and impedance measurements. Notably, a decrease in synthesis temperature leads to a predominance of bulk-limited conduction over interface-related conduction in Stainless steel (SS) SS/P3MT/Ag (Silver) devices.

在本研究中，我们重点通过控制合成温度和研究其对电特性的影响来优化聚3-甲基噻吩（P3MT）的结构性能。彻底了解器件几何结构中的这些电学特性对于推进各种光电应用至关重要。聚合物结构的变化会显著影响电荷输运特性，这对提高器件性能至关重要。P3MT在不同的合成温度下电沉积在不锈钢衬底上，具体为25°C， 0°C， - 10°C和- 20°C。沉积的P3MT薄膜作为主体材料，而六氟磷酸四丁基铵（TBAPF6）作为掺杂剂和电解液用于电化学沉积。拉曼光谱测量已经很好地确定了电聚合，掺杂P3MT在其薄膜中表现出两种不同的结构：醌和芳香。通过改变合成温度，我们可以改变这些结构在薄膜内的比例。对金属-聚合物-金属（MPM）夹层器件几何形状的电输运和弛豫测量表明，该比率影响传导机制，这一点得到了I-V和阻抗测量的证实。值得注意的是，在不锈钢（SS） SS/P3MT/Ag （Silver）器件中，合成温度的降低导致体积限制导通优于界面相关导通。

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引用次数: 0