Synthetic Metals最新文献_第5页

Influence of quinoid and aromatic structures on the electrical properties of electropolymerized poly(3-methylthiophene) devices 醌和芳香族结构对电聚合聚（3-甲基噻吩）器件电性能的影响

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118059

S.K. Usha , P. Anjaneyulu , Shobith M. Shanbogh , Sougata Mandal , Mahipal Ranot

In this study, we focus on optimising the structural properties of Poly 3-methylthiophene (P3MT) by controlling the synthesis temperature and examining its effects on electrical characteristics. A thorough understanding of these electrical properties within device geometries is essential for advancing various optoelectronic applications. Changes in the polymer’s structure can significantly influence the charge-transport properties, which are vital for enhancing device performance. P3MT is electrodeposited onto a stainless-steel substrate at different synthesis temperatures, specifically 25 °C, 0 °C, −10 °C, and −20 °C. The as-deposited P3MT films serve as host material, while tetra-butyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF₆) serves as both a dopant and an electrolyte for electrochemical deposition. Raman spectroscopy measurements have well established that electropolymerized, doped P3MT exhibits two distinct structures in its thin film: quinoid and aromatic. By varying the synthesis temperature, we can modify the ratio of these structures within thin films. Electrical transport and relaxation measurements on a Metal-polymer-metal (MPM) sandwich device geometry show that this ratio affects the conduction mechanisms, as confirmed by I-V and impedance measurements. Notably, a decrease in synthesis temperature leads to a predominance of bulk-limited conduction over interface-related conduction in Stainless steel (SS) SS/P3MT/Ag (Silver) devices.

在本研究中，我们重点通过控制合成温度和研究其对电特性的影响来优化聚3-甲基噻吩（P3MT）的结构性能。彻底了解器件几何结构中的这些电学特性对于推进各种光电应用至关重要。聚合物结构的变化会显著影响电荷输运特性，这对提高器件性能至关重要。P3MT在不同的合成温度下电沉积在不锈钢衬底上，具体为25°C， 0°C， - 10°C和- 20°C。沉积的P3MT薄膜作为主体材料，而六氟磷酸四丁基铵（TBAPF6）作为掺杂剂和电解液用于电化学沉积。拉曼光谱测量已经很好地确定了电聚合，掺杂P3MT在其薄膜中表现出两种不同的结构：醌和芳香。通过改变合成温度，我们可以改变这些结构在薄膜内的比例。对金属-聚合物-金属（MPM）夹层器件几何形状的电输运和弛豫测量表明，该比率影响传导机制，这一点得到了I-V和阻抗测量的证实。值得注意的是，在不锈钢（SS） SS/P3MT/Ag （Silver）器件中，合成温度的降低导致体积限制导通优于界面相关导通。

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引用次数: 0

Highly conductive PEDOT: PSS enabled fast hydrogen sensor by coupling with ultrafine Pd nanoparticles and its charge transfer-based sensing mechanism 高导电性PEDOT: PSS与超细Pd纳米粒子耦合的快速氢传感器及其基于电荷转移的传感机制

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118058

Wenxiu Ji , Xiaoxiao Ma , Shiming Liang, Xiumei Ma, Zhengyou Zhu

Constructing flexible and lightweight H₂ sensors with both excellent sensing performance and mechanical stability that are suitable for wearable devices or curved surface installation, is of key significance for portable monitoring of H₂ leakage, however, this remains a challenge. Herein, we designed a flexible H₂ sensor by coupling highly conductive PEDOT:PSS film with Pd nanoparticles (2–5 nm) (Pd NPs/PEDOT:PSS) and investigated the H₂ sensing performance. The Pd NPs/PEDOT:PSS film was found to exhibit significantly enhanced H₂ sensing performance compared with the bare PEDOT:PSS film, showing a much higher response, fast sensing behavior, excellent selectivity and mechanical stability at room temperature. The improvements could be attributed to the strong H₂ adsorption capacity of Pd NPs and the highly efficient charge transfer in Pd NPs/PEDOT:PSS film. Conclusively, this work provides insights into the development of high-efficiency, fast and flexible H₂ sensors for the Internet of things.

构建既具有优异传感性能又具有机械稳定性的柔性轻量化氢气传感器，适用于可穿戴设备或曲面安装，对便携式氢气泄漏监测具有重要意义，但这仍然是一个挑战。本文通过将高导电性PEDOT:PSS薄膜与Pd纳米粒子（2-5 nm）（Pd NPs/PEDOT:PSS）耦合，设计了一种柔性氢气传感器，并对其氢气传感性能进行了研究。Pd NPs/PEDOT:PSS膜在室温下表现出更高的响应速度、快速的传感行为、优异的选择性和机械稳定性。这主要得益于Pd NPs/PEDOT:PSS膜具有较强的H2吸附能力和高效的电荷转移。最后，这项工作为开发用于物联网的高效、快速、灵活的氢气传感器提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Response and selectivity of conductive polymer/metal oxide gas sensors in presence of binary mixtures of ammonia with alcohols and acetone 导电性聚合物/金属氧化物气体传感器在氨、醇和丙酮二元混合物中的响应和选择性

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118057

Mahsa Moslemzadeh, Amir H. Navarchian, Farnoosh Miramirkhani, Shayan Mirzaee Rasekh

In this study, nanocomposites of conductive polymers (polyaniline and polypyrrole) with metal oxide nanoparticles (SnO₂ and ZnO) were synthesized and evaluated as ammonia sensors exposed to single-gas or binary-gas mixtures (ammonia with methanol, ethanol, or acetone) at room temperature. Sensor composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), that revealed the microstructural features influencing sensor performance. Taguchi experimental design was, first used to quantify the effects of polymer type, nanoparticle type, and nanoparticle loading on gas sensor response and selectivity when exposed to ammonia as single gas. The second experimental design was used to study the effect of these factors in presence of an interfere gas showing that the conductive polymer type dominated sensor behavior, while nanoparticles provided synergistic, polymer-dependent enhancements in charge transfer and active-site availability. Coexisting vapors affected ammonia detection, with acetone producing the least interference. The PAni/SnO₂ (20 wt%) composite was identified as optimal, delivering high ammonia response and selectivity. Long-term stability tests after 18 month, demonstrated a retention of over 86 % of the initial response, and cycling experiments confirmed repeatable operation. In addition, it we found that the moderate relative humidity (RH) enhances protonic conduction, while high RH partially reduces response due to polymer swelling. This work establishes a rationally engineered polymer–metal oxide nanocomposite platform for selective, durable ammonia sensing under realistic mixed-gas and humidity conditions.

在本研究中，合成了导电聚合物（聚苯胺和聚吡咯）与金属氧化物纳米粒子（SnO₂和ZnO）的纳米复合材料，并在室温下将其作为单气体或双气体混合物（氨与甲醇、乙醇或丙酮）的氨传感器进行了评估。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）、扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对传感器复合材料进行了表征，揭示了影响传感器性能的微观结构特征。田口实验设计首先用于量化当暴露于单一气体氨时，聚合物类型、纳米颗粒类型和纳米颗粒负载对气体传感器响应和选择性的影响。第二个实验设计用于研究这些因素在干扰气体存在下的影响，结果表明导电聚合物类型主导了传感器的行为，而纳米颗粒在电荷转移和活性位点可用性方面提供了协同性、聚合物依赖性的增强。共存的蒸汽影响氨的检测，丙酮产生的干扰最小。PAni/SnO 2（20 wt%）复合材料具有较高的氨响应和选择性。18个月后的长期稳定性测试表明，初始反应的保留率超过86% %，循环实验证实可重复操作。此外，我们发现适度的相对湿度（RH）增强了质子传导，而高相对湿度（RH）部分降低了聚合物膨胀的响应。这项工作建立了一个合理设计的聚合物-金属氧化物纳米复合材料平台，用于在真实的混合气体和湿度条件下选择性，耐用的氨传感。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and evaluation of PEDOT:PSS-based inks for inkjet-printed carbon microstructures for C-MEMS applications 用于C-MEMS喷墨打印碳微结构的PEDOT: pss基油墨的合成与评价

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118056

Adriana Hernández-Contreras , Jesús Díaz-Sánchez , Oscar Pilloni

Inkjet printing has emerged as a promising alternative for microfabrication, offering mask-free, rapid, and material-efficient patterning. While inkjet-compatible formulations are widely used for the fabrication of electronic devices, their potential as carbon precursors for Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS) remains largely unexplored. Additionally, access to commercial inks can be limited in certain regions, posing challenges for researchers seeking to implement this technology. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the formulation of five PEDOT:PSS-derived carbon precursor inks. These formulations were synthesized and evaluated based on viscosity, surface tension, and wettability to determine their printability. Among them, two inks met the necessary rheological criteria and were successfully printed into rectangular patterns, which were subsequently pyrolyzed at 900 °C. Morphological analysis using SEM and optical profilometry revealed that one of the printed features exhibited a shrinkage of 63.97 % following pyrolysis, decreasing from 26.83 ± 7.53 nm to 9.66 ± 1.36 nm. Electrical characterization further demonstrated an 80 % reduction in resistivity, from 46.61 ± 16.98 Ω·cm to 8.76 ± 0.59 Ω·cm. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of glass-like carbon structures in both pyrolyzed inks. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of the formulated PEDOT:PSS-based inks as a viable and accessible alternatives to commercially available options for inkjet-printed C-MEMS applications.

喷墨印刷已经成为一种很有前途的微加工替代方案，提供无掩模、快速和材料高效的图案。虽然喷墨兼容配方广泛用于电子器件的制造，但它们作为碳微机电系统（C-MEMS）碳前体的潜力仍未得到充分开发。此外，在某些地区，商业油墨的使用可能受到限制，这给寻求实施这项技术的研究人员带来了挑战。为了克服这些限制，本研究研究了五种PEDOT: pss衍生碳前驱体油墨的配方。根据粘度、表面张力和润湿性对这些配方进行合成和评估，以确定其印刷适性。其中，两种油墨满足了必要的流变标准，并成功地印刷成矩形图案，随后在900°C下进行热解。通过扫描电镜和光学形貌分析发现，其中一个打印特征在热解后收缩了63.97 %，从26.83 ± 7.53 nm下降到9.66 ± 1.36 nm。电学表征进一步表明，电阻率降低了80 %，从46.61 ± 16.98 Ω·cm降至8.76 ± 0.59 Ω·cm。拉曼光谱证实了两种热解油墨中玻璃样碳结构的形成。总的来说，这些结果突出了配方PEDOT: pss油墨的潜力，作为喷墨打印C-MEMS应用的可行和可访问的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical sensing of domperidone using an electrode modified with cerium-nickel bimetallic organic frameworks and hydroxylated graphene nanosheets 用铈-镍双金属有机框架和羟基化石墨烯纳米片修饰电极对多潘立酮的电化学传感

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118051

Azita khalilzadeh, Ahmad Soleymanpour, Kobra zarei

This study presents a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for domperidone (DOM), using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with cerium–nickel bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (Ce–Ni–MOF) and hydroxylated graphene nanosheets (GNP–OH). The modified electrode was fully characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), confirming the successful incorporation of the nanocomposite and the formation of a rough, porous surface with abundant electroactive sites. Under optimized conditions, DOM was detected in a wide linear range (1.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ M), with a low detection limit of 7.1 nM. Compared with previously reported sensors, this approach offers enhanced sensitivity, improved reproducibility, and a simple, one-step electrode fabrication. The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of DOM in pharmaceutical tablets, blood, and urine samples, demonstrating its practical applicability and analytical reliability.

本研究利用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）在由铈-镍双金属金属-有机框架（Ce-Ni-MOF）和羟基化石墨烯纳米片（GNP-OH）修饰的铅笔石墨电极（PGE）上，提出了一种高灵敏度和高选择性的多潘立酮（DOM）电化学传感器。通过循环伏安法（CV）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）对修饰电极进行了充分的表征，证实了纳米复合材料的成功结合，并形成了具有丰富电活性位点的粗糙多孔表面。在优化的条件下，DOM在1.0 × 10⁻⁸~ 5.0 × 10⁻26 M的线性范围内被检测到，检出限低至7.1 nM。与以前报道的传感器相比，这种方法提供了更高的灵敏度，更好的再现性，以及简单的一步电极制造。该传感器成功应用于药品片剂、血液和尿液样品中DOM的测定，证明了该传感器的实用性和分析可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Metal–organic frameworks as active layers in molecular electronics: The case of HKUST-1 金属-有机框架在分子电子学中的活性层研究：以科大为例

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118054

Tahir Ahmad Mir , Frederic Lafolet , Charlli Betkou , Sarra Gam Derouich , Zakaria Ziani , Jean-Christophe Lacroix

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) combine crystallinity, tunable chemistry, and structural order, yet their integration into solid-state electronic devices remains a major challenge. Here, we report the fabrication of molecular junctions incorporating HKUST-1 as an ultrathin layer. The films were grown by a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates previously functionalized by electrochemical diazonium grafting, ensuring strong adhesion on the electrode. Structural and spectroscopic analyses (XPS, UV–Vis, IR, SEM, AFM) confirm the formation of homogeneous, crystalline films. We demonstrate the integration of these HKUST-1 films into large-area solid-state junctions with an ITO/HKUST-1/Ti/Au architecture. Electrical transport measurements indicate that current can flow through 6 nm of HKUST-1 films in a similar way as that observed in a π-conjugated material while above this thickness, attenuation of the current flow is compatible with hopping. This work represents a robust strategy to integrate MOF as an active layer in solid-state molecular junctions, opening new opportunities for MOF-based nanoelectronics.

金属有机框架（mof）结合了结晶度、可调化学性质和结构秩序，但将其集成到固态电子器件中仍然是一个主要挑战。在这里，我们报道了将HKUST-1作为超薄层的分子结的制造。该薄膜是通过一层一层（LbL）沉积方法在氧化铟锡（ITO）衬底上生长的，该衬底之前是通过电化学重氮接枝实现功能化的，确保了在电极上的强附着力。结构和光谱分析（XPS, UV-Vis， IR， SEM， AFM）证实了均匀结晶膜的形成。我们展示了将这些HKUST-1薄膜集成到ITO/HKUST-1/Ti/Au结构的大面积固态结中。电传输测量表明，电流可以通过6 nm的HKUST-1薄膜，其方式与π共轭材料相似，而在此厚度以上，电流的衰减与跳变是相容的。这项工作代表了将MOF作为固态分子结的活性层集成的强大策略，为基于MOF的纳米电子学开辟了新的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced electrochemical performance of innovative BaAl2O4/PANI nanocomposite for next generation supercapacitor applications 用于下一代超级电容器的新型BaAl2O4/PANI纳米复合材料的电化学性能增强

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118053

Muhammad Jamil , Albandari.W. Alrowaily , B.M. Alotaibi , Haifa A. Alyousef , Eman Alzahrani , Hussain Sawwan , Rizwan Ul Hassan

Supercapacitors are currently receiving a valuable attention due to their convenient deployment, modular design, extended life time, low cost, and eco-friendliness. Transition metal oxides with conducting polymers, serve as electrode materials for supercapacitors having far more surface area and the others supercapacitive properties. In this work, novel BaAl₂O₄/PANI nanocomposite fabricated by using simple yet reliable hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy are used to confirm crystallinity, high surface area, morphology, and functional group, respectively of fabricated electrodes. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited a significant surface area (51.2 m²/g) as determined by BET analysis. SEM revealed that BaAl₂O₄ was densely distributed on PANI, which possessed a smoother and more compact surface. When electrochemical analysis was determined in 3 M KOH, BaAl₂O₄/PANI shows the C_sp 1247 F g⁻¹, E_d 25.01 Wh kg⁻¹ and P_d of 190 W kg⁻¹. Additionally, synthesized material presented exceptional consistency following 10000^th stability cycle. The BaAl₂O₄/PANI nanocomposite's R_s and R_ct values, as determined by EIS analysis, are 0.98 Ω and 0.08 respectively. These results shown that BaAl₂O₄/PANI nanocomposite is a prospective option for next-generation supercapacitors because of its outstanding and noteworthy properties, as well as its high stability and affordability.

超级电容器由于其方便的部署、模块化设计、延长使用寿命、低成本和生态友好性，目前正受到人们的重视。具有导电聚合物的过渡金属氧化物作为超级电容器的电极材料，具有更大的表面积和其他超级电容性能。本文采用简单可靠的水热法制备了新型的BaAl2O4/PANI纳米复合材料。利用x射线衍射、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分别对制备的电极的结晶度、高表面积、形貌和官能团进行了证实。BET分析表明，制备的纳米复合材料具有显著的比表面积（51.2 m²/g）。SEM结果表明，pai表面BaAl2O4分布较密，表面光滑致密。在3 M KOH中进行电化学分析时，BaAl2O4/PANI显示Csp 1247 F g−1，Ed 25.01 Wh kg−1，Pd为190 W kg−1。此外，合成材料在第10000次稳定循环后表现出优异的一致性。经EIS分析，BaAl2O4/PANI纳米复合材料的Rs和Rct值分别为0.98 Ω和0.08。这些结果表明，BaAl2O4/PANI纳米复合材料具有优异的性能、高稳定性和可负担性，是下一代超级电容器的理想选择。

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引用次数: 0

Co single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical detection of nitrite in real samples Co单原子催化剂用于实际样品中亚硝酸盐的电化学检测

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118052

Caidi Zhang, Guangyu Li, Chengqian Duan

A dodecahedral single-atom cobalt catalysts with nitrogen-doped carbon matrices (Co-N-C) is synthesized by calcining MOFs precursors (ZIF-67), which is constructed as non-enzymatic sensor for the sensitive detection of nitrite (NO₂⁻). The characterization of the Co-N-C catalysts has been performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The outcome shows that Co-N-C is a dodecahedron with a rough surface and a diameter of about 200–280 nm. The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Co-N-C/GCE sensor displays a favourable voltammetric response towards the oxidation of NO₂⁻ with a wide linear range from 0.1278 mM to 42.7778 mM. It also displays a low detection limit of 0.0426 mM (S/N = 3) and high sensitivity of 715.32 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² and 305.37 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻². Moreover, determinations of NO₂⁻ in tap water and pickle juice samples are performed respectively by the standard addition method. The results of three parallel measurements are acceptable with the relative standard deviation of 0.36–1.30 % and the recovery of 95.60–101.80 %. Therefore, Co-N-C/GCE is expected to be a new platform for NO₂⁻ detection.

通过煅烧mof前驱体（ZIF-67），合成了氮掺杂碳基体（Co-N-C）十二面体单原子钴催化剂，构建了用于亚硝酸盐（NO2−）灵敏检测的非酶传感器。采用x射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和扫描电镜（SEM）对Co-N-C催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，Co-N-C为表面粗糙的十二面体，直径约为200 ~ 280 nm。电化学测量表明，Co-N-C/GCE传感器对NO2−的氧化表现出良好的伏安响应，线性范围从0.1278 mM到42.7778 mM。低检出限为0.0426 mM (S/N = 3)，高灵敏度为715.32 μA mM−1 cm−2和305.37 μA mM−1 cm−2。采用标准加入法分别测定了自来水和泡菜汁样品中的NO2−。三次平行测定结果可接受，相对标准偏差为0.36 ~ 1.30 %，回收率为95.60 ~ 101.80 %。因此，Co-N-C/GCE有望成为NO2−检测的新平台。

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引用次数: 0

Low-cost pentacyclic acceptors for efficient organic solar cells by heteroatom modifications of side chains and terminals 通过杂原子修饰侧链和末端的高效有机太阳能电池的低成本五环受体

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118055

Bigui Zhou , Yijie Nai , Bin Fan , Weikun Chen , Wei Liu , Jun Yuan , Yingping Zou

Developing organic solar cells (OSCs) that combine high power conversion efficiency (PCE) with low-cost materials is essential for their commercialization. Pentacyclic small molecule acceptors (SMAs) are promising candidates, but the effects of side-chain functionalization on their properties are not fully understood. Here, three pentacyclic SMAs (BTA-C3-F, BTA-OC3-F, and BTA-OC3-Cl) were designed to investigate the impact of alkoxy side chains. Compared to hydrocarbon-substituted BTA-C3-F, BTA-OC3-F exhibits increased molecular polarity and a red-shifted absorption spectrum, attributed to stronger intermolecular interactions and denser molecular packing. Terminal chlorination in BTA-OC3-Cl adjusts energy levels, enhances light absorption, and improves charge transport. When blended with the simple-structured polymer donor PTQ10, BTA-OC3-Cl achieves a PCE of 17.49 % and a figure of merit (FOM) of 0.265, among the highest reported for pentacyclic SMA-based OSCs. This study provides a systematic understanding of how side-chain and terminal modifications influence pentacyclic SMA properties, offering guidance for the design of efficient and low-cost OSC materials.

开发结合高功率转换效率（PCE）和低成本材料的有机太阳能电池（OSCs）对于其商业化至关重要。五环小分子受体（SMAs）是一种很有前途的受体，但侧链功能化对其性质的影响尚不完全清楚。本研究设计了三个五环sma （BTA-C3-F， BTA-OC3-F和BTA-OC3-Cl）来研究烷氧侧链的影响。与烃类取代的BTA-C3-F相比，BTA-OC3-F表现出更高的分子极性和红移的吸收光谱，这是由于更强的分子间相互作用和更密集的分子堆积。BTA-OC3-Cl的末端氯化调节能级，增强光吸收，改善电荷输运。当与结构简单的聚合物给体PTQ10共混时，BTA-OC3-Cl的PCE为17.49 %，FOM为0.265，是五环sma基osc中最高的。本研究系统地了解了侧链和末端修饰对五环SMA性能的影响，为高效、低成本OSC材料的设计提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

High performance integrated multilayered triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated using ethylene vinyl acetate and MXene nanoparticle 用乙烯醋酸乙烯和MXene纳米粒子制备的高性能集成多层摩擦电纳米发电机

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118047

Vida Heidari , Shervin Ahmadi , Seyed Hassan Jafari , Soroush Shams

This study presents a systematic investigation into the design, fabrication, and optimization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) was employed as the primary positive dielectric, with vinyl acetate (VA) contents of 18 %, 28 %, and 40 % to evaluate its influence on device performance. MXene, a two-dimensional conductive nanomaterial, was incorporated to enhance electrical output, while aluminum served as both the negative dielectric and electrode. Increasing VA content led to improved voltage output, with EVA40 % demonstrating the best performance and selected for further development. A 500 µm EVA40 % film generated the highest voltage. MXene addition significantly boosted output, with 0.4 wt% and 0.8 wt% concentrations yielding enhanced voltage and current levels. Microstructural analysis confirmed uniform MXene dispersion within the EVA matrix. Atomic force microscopy revealed increased surface roughness, contributing to improved triboelectric performance, while X-ray diffraction showed that MXene did not notably affect EVA crystallinity. Mechanical input parameters were also optimized: increasing applied force from 1 N to 4 N improved output, while further increase to 5 N caused a decline. At the optimal force of 4 N, a contact frequency of 3 Hz produced the maximum output, followed by a decrease at higher frequencies. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of high VA content and MXene integration in enhancing TENG performance, demonstrating their potential for sustainable energy harvesting applications.

本研究对摩擦纳米发电机的设计、制造和优化进行了系统的研究，以实现高效的机械能到电能的转换。以乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）为主要正介质，乙酸乙烯酯（VA）含量分别为18 %、28 %和40 %，评价其对器件性能的影响。MXene是一种二维导电纳米材料，用于增强电输出，而铝同时作为负介电介质和电极。增加VA含量可以改善电压输出，EVA40 %表现出最佳性能，并被选为进一步开发的材料。500 µm EVA40 %薄膜产生最高电压。MXene的加入显著提高了产量，0.4 wt%和0.8 wt%的浓度提高了电压和电流水平。显微结构分析证实了EVA基体中均匀的MXene分散。原子力显微镜显示表面粗糙度增加，有助于改善摩擦电性能，而x射线衍射显示MXene对EVA结晶度没有显著影响。对机械输入参数也进行了优化：施加的力从1 N增加到4 N可以提高输出，再增加到5 N会导致输出下降。在最佳力为4 N时，接触频率为3 Hz时产生最大输出，随后在更高频率时减小。这些发现强调了高VA含量和MXene集成在提高TENG性能方面的协同效应，展示了它们在可持续能源收集应用方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0