Synthetic Metals最新文献

英文中文

Electropolymerization and dual actuating-sensing capabilities of polypyrrole composites with two organic particles

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117825

Nguyen Quang Khuyen , Zane Zondaka , Toribio F. Otero , Rudolf Kiefer

Polypyrrole film composites were galvanostatically electropolymerized (EP) from suspensions of either chemically oxidized polypyrrole (CP) or carbide-derived carbon (CDC) particles, generating EPCP and EPCDC composite films. In addition to these particles the material includes anions of phosphotungstide acid (PTA), used to prepare the particle suspensions and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS^-) used as electrolyte. The final composite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, with their conductivity and density also measured. The dual actuating-sensing capabilities of the of the films (linear actuators) were quantified from their electrochemomechanical responses in organic electrolyte solution. Three different potential ranges were explored by cyclic voltammetry and square potential waves. The EPCP actuator, which expands upon reduction (cation-driven actuation) achieves a maximum strain of 2.6 %, while the EPCDC, which expands by oxidation (anion-driven) showed a maximum strain of 7.2 %. These values surpass those reported in the literature for other cation- or anion-driven PPy composites. The EPCP´s actuating charge density was 1.5–1.7 times higher than that of the EPCDC actuators. Despite the high material complexity improving dual and simultaneous actuating-sensing capabilities were achieved. In the studied potential ranges, both actuators work under charge balance, as proved by the coulovoltammetric responses. Future studies will explore the expected increase in actuator durability and charge storage capacity.

{"title":"Electropolymerization and dual actuating-sensing capabilities of polypyrrole composites with two organic particles","authors":"Nguyen Quang Khuyen , Zane Zondaka , Toribio F. Otero , Rudolf Kiefer","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polypyrrole film composites were galvanostatically electropolymerized (EP) from suspensions of either chemically oxidized polypyrrole (CP) or carbide-derived carbon (CDC) particles, generating EPCP and EPCDC composite films. In addition to these particles the material includes anions of phosphotungstide acid (PTA), used to prepare the particle suspensions and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS<sup>-</sup>) used as electrolyte. The final composite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, with their conductivity and density also measured. The dual actuating-sensing capabilities of the of the films (linear actuators) were quantified from their electrochemomechanical responses in organic electrolyte solution. Three different potential ranges were explored by cyclic voltammetry and square potential waves. The EPCP actuator, which expands upon reduction (cation-driven actuation) achieves a maximum strain of 2.6 %, while the EPCDC, which expands by oxidation (anion-driven) showed a maximum strain of 7.2 %. These values surpass those reported in the literature for other cation- or anion-driven PPy composites. The EPCP´s actuating charge density was 1.5–1.7 times higher than that of the EPCDC actuators. Despite the high material complexity improving dual and simultaneous actuating-sensing capabilities were achieved. In the studied potential ranges, both actuators work under charge balance, as proved by the coulovoltammetric responses. Future studies will explore the expected increase in actuator durability and charge storage capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical determination of heavy metals by a graphene quantum dots/porphyrin-based supramolecular system

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117824

Mariachiara Sarà , Khouloud Abid , Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi , Luigi Monsù Scolaro , Giovanni Neri

This work reports the development of an electrochemical sensor for heavy metals determination based on a graphene quantum dots/porphyrin (GQDs@TPPS) supramolecular system. GQDs@TPPS with different GQDs:TPPS ratios (ranging from 1:3–1:9 w/w) were first prepared and characterized by a series of techniques, including UV-Vis and fluorescence emission titration. These systems were used as electrode modifiers for developing modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the determination of heavy metal ions. The GQDs@TPPS/SPCE modified electrodes were found to be more suitable for the electro-analytical determination of Cd and Cu ions. Optimizing the GQDs:TPPS ratio, an improvement in the sensitivity, low limit of detection (LOD), and selectivity towards these two metal ions were obtained in comparison to bare/SPCE. The use of the developed GQDs@TPPS/SPCE sensors for the monitoring of Cd and Cu ions in seawater has been also demonstrated.

引用次数: 0

Unlocking the power of MOF-inspired nanomaterials: Enhancing solar cell efficiency through advanced structures and properties

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117823

Mustafa S. Alluhaibi , Mohammad Shariq , Fahad Alkhayri , Rachid Karmouch , Shahir Hussain , Syed Kashif Ali , Noorjahan Abdul Azeez , Aalia Farid , Marium Khan

The transition to a carbon-neutral civilization relies heavily on harnessing sustainable and abundant natural energy sources like solar power. Solar energy offers an eco-friendly solution capable of meeting global energy demands, but the primary challenge lies in developing cost-effective and durable materials that can efficiently convert solar energy into electricity. Solar cells, through the photovoltaic effect, remain the most promising technology for this purpose. This paper presents a detailed review of the advancements in MOF-inspired nanomaterials and their application in solar cells, specifically focusing on dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. It covers the latest developments in MOFs and MOF-derived compositions, material architectures, synthesis techniques, and device processing methods. The paper emphasizes the roles of MOFs and their derivatives in enhancing solar cell performance, particularly as additives, electrodes, photoactive materials, and charge carriers. Moreover, it highlights the potential of MOFs to improve light absorption, charge transport, and long-term stability in solar cell devices. Additionally, we present an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities for scaling up MOF-based materials in commercial solar cell applications, offering critical insights into future directions for optimizing their performance and overcoming existing barriers.

{"title":"Unlocking the power of MOF-inspired nanomaterials: Enhancing solar cell efficiency through advanced structures and properties","authors":"Mustafa S. Alluhaibi , Mohammad Shariq , Fahad Alkhayri , Rachid Karmouch , Shahir Hussain , Syed Kashif Ali , Noorjahan Abdul Azeez , Aalia Farid , Marium Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to a carbon-neutral civilization relies heavily on harnessing sustainable and abundant natural energy sources like solar power. Solar energy offers an eco-friendly solution capable of meeting global energy demands, but the primary challenge lies in developing cost-effective and durable materials that can efficiently convert solar energy into electricity. Solar cells, through the photovoltaic effect, remain the most promising technology for this purpose. This paper presents a detailed review of the advancements in MOF-inspired nanomaterials and their application in solar cells, specifically focusing on dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. It covers the latest developments in MOFs and MOF-derived compositions, material architectures, synthesis techniques, and device processing methods. The paper emphasizes the roles of MOFs and their derivatives in enhancing solar cell performance, particularly as additives, electrodes, photoactive materials, and charge carriers. Moreover, it highlights the potential of MOFs to improve light absorption, charge transport, and long-term stability in solar cell devices. Additionally, we present an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities for scaling up MOF-based materials in commercial solar cell applications, offering critical insights into future directions for optimizing their performance and overcoming existing barriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole having electroactive derivatives as potential host materials for third generation organic light emitting diodes

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117822

Daiva Tavgeniene , Dovydas Blazevicius , Mantas Kirstukas , Gintare Krucaite , Karolis Kazlauskas , Dovydas Banevicius , Vygintas Jankauskas , Egidijus Kamarauskas , Saulius Grigalevicius

The new bipolar phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole based compounds were synthesized from corresponding key starting aldehydes in reactions with phenanthrene-9,10-dione, ammonium acetate and aniline. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the new derivatives are highly thermally stable compounds and can form amorphous materials having very high glass transition temperatures exceeding 150 °C in some cases, which is big a advantage for the compounds with potential application in optoelectronic devices. Electron photoemission spectra of thin layers of the materials were used to determine ionization potentials of the materials, which are found to be in the range from 5.27 eV to 5.59 eV. LUMO energy levels of the materials were determined from their optical band gaps and values of the ionization potentials, and are in the range of 1.86–2.26 eV. Positive charge drift mobility in thin layers of some of the derivatives exceed 2.8 × 10⁻⁵ cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ at high electric field at room temperature. Some of the developed materials were preliminary tested as hosts in red organic light-emitting diodes for commercial TADF based emitter: 7,10-bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2,3-dicyanopyrazino-phenanthrene (TPA-DCPP). The results indicated that device with 9-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(1-phenylphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)carbazole exhibited good performance with rather low turn-on voltage of 3.5 V, maximum brightness of about 1000 cd/m² and peak efficiency exceeding 5.6%. The properties are better than those of a similar device using the well-known commercial host material: 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP).

{"title":"Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole having electroactive derivatives as potential host materials for third generation organic light emitting diodes","authors":"Daiva Tavgeniene , Dovydas Blazevicius , Mantas Kirstukas , Gintare Krucaite , Karolis Kazlauskas , Dovydas Banevicius , Vygintas Jankauskas , Egidijus Kamarauskas , Saulius Grigalevicius","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new bipolar phenanthro[9,10-<em>d</em>]imidazole based compounds were synthesized from corresponding key starting aldehydes in reactions with phenanthrene-9,10-dione, ammonium acetate and aniline. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the new derivatives are highly thermally stable compounds and can form amorphous materials having very high glass transition temperatures exceeding 150 °C in some cases, which is big a advantage for the compounds with potential application in optoelectronic devices. Electron photoemission spectra of thin layers of the materials were used to determine ionization potentials of the materials, which are found to be in the range from 5.27 eV to 5.59 eV. LUMO energy levels of the materials were determined from their optical band gaps and values of the ionization potentials, and are in the range of 1.86–2.26 eV. Positive charge drift mobility in thin layers of some of the derivatives exceed 2.8 × 10<sup>−5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup> at high electric field at room temperature. Some of the developed materials were preliminary tested as hosts in red organic light-emitting diodes for commercial TADF based emitter: 7,10-bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2,3-dicyanopyrazino-phenanthrene (TPA-DCPP). The results indicated that device with 9-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(1-phenylphenanthro[9,10-<em>d</em>]imidazol-2-yl)carbazole exhibited good performance with rather low turn-on voltage of 3.5 V, maximum brightness of about 1000 cd/m<sup>2</sup> and peak efficiency exceeding 5.6%. The properties are better than those of a similar device using the well-known commercial host material: 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of flexible polymer nanocomposite films of PVDF/BaFe12O19/g-C3N4 for efficient EMI shielding in X-band frequency

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117820

R. Nirmal Kumar , J. Hemalatha

Of late, synthesis and application of microwave-absorbing materials have become absolutely necessary to minimize the looming threat of electromagnetic (EM) pollution. The present study discusses the fabrication of multifunctional polymer nanocomposite films, presents the analysis of the resulting films using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix with M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) fillers, and reports on their application in EM interference (EMI) shielding in the X-band (8–12 GHz) frequency range. Crystalline BaFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles and g-C₃N₄ were prepared and used to fabricate PVDF/BaFe₁₂O₁₉/g-C₃N₄ composite films. The structural and compositional details of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles and the films were analyzed, along with the fraction of β-phase PVDF. The morphological, magnetic, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties of the films were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry, ferroelectric hysteresis, and dielectric response, respectively. In addition, the microwave absorption efficiency of the films was analyzed in the X-band frequency range with a vector network analyzer (VNA) using the waveguide technique. Magnetic loss observed in the films was due to domain wall resonance, whereas polarization, conduction, and eddy current losses were attributable to the interaction of PVDF, magnetic BaFe₁₂O₁₉, and semiconducting g-C₃N₄ fillers with the EM wave in the GHz frequency range. The VNA showed that the prepared PVDF/BaFe₁₂O₁₉/g-C₃N₄ composite films show a shielding efficiency of 99.9 %. In particular, the total shielding effectiveness (SE_T) of the film with 20 wt% of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ loading was found to be 52 dB in the X-band frequency range. Furthermore, the prepared films were flexible and showed high β fraction, saturation magnetization, and dielectric loss, along with moderate magnetic loss and high shielding efficiency, making them potential microwave absorbers in the GHz frequency region.

{"title":"Fabrication of flexible polymer nanocomposite films of PVDF/BaFe12O19/g-C3N4 for efficient EMI shielding in X-band frequency","authors":"R. Nirmal Kumar , J. Hemalatha","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Of late, synthesis and application of microwave-absorbing materials have become absolutely necessary to minimize the looming threat of electromagnetic (EM) pollution. The present study discusses the fabrication of multifunctional polymer nanocomposite films, presents the analysis of the resulting films using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix with M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) fillers, and reports on their application in EM interference (EMI) shielding in the X-band (8–12 GHz) frequency range. Crystalline BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> nanoparticles and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were prepared and used to fabricate PVDF/BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite films. The structural and compositional details of BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> nanoparticles and the films were analyzed, along with the fraction of β-phase PVDF. The morphological, magnetic, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties of the films were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometry, ferroelectric hysteresis, and dielectric response, respectively. In addition, the microwave absorption efficiency of the films was analyzed in the X-band frequency range with a vector network analyzer (VNA) using the waveguide technique. Magnetic loss observed in the films was due to domain wall resonance, whereas polarization, conduction, and eddy current losses were attributable to the interaction of PVDF, magnetic BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>, and semiconducting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> fillers with the EM wave in the GHz frequency range. The VNA showed that the prepared PVDF/BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite films show a shielding efficiency of 99.9 %. In particular, the total shielding effectiveness (SE<sub>T</sub>) of the film with 20 wt% of BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> loading was found to be 52 dB in the X-band frequency range. Furthermore, the prepared films were flexible and showed high β fraction, saturation magnetization, and dielectric loss, along with moderate magnetic loss and high shielding efficiency, making them potential microwave absorbers in the GHz frequency region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Raspberry-like hollow carbon spheres: A promising electrode material for high-performance zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117821

Meng You, Xijun Zhao, Rongyu Lu, Jianxiang Ma, Xinghua Zhang, Chen Yuejing, Xiaoming Yang

We report a green and scalable one-pot synthesis of raspberry-like hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) as high-performance cathode materials for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHSCs). Utilizing poly(methyl methacrylate)@polypyrrole (PMMA@PPy) core-shell nanoparticles as precursors and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) as both a barrier and activator, the resulting HCSs exhibit a hierarchical pore structure, a high surface area of 1883 m²/g, and significant oxygen (6.9 atom%) and nitrogen (1.7 atom%) doping. These features enable exceptional electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 257 F/g at 1 A/g in a 6 M KOH electrolyte and remarkable energy density of 125 Wh/kg at a power density of 160 W/kg in ZIHSCs with a 2 M Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ electrolyte. Moreover, the HCSs exhibit outstanding cycling stability, retaining 92.6 % of their initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g. This study highlights the potential of environmentally friendly porous carbon materials as promising candidates for advanced electrochemical energy storage applications.

{"title":"Raspberry-like hollow carbon spheres: A promising electrode material for high-performance zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors","authors":"Meng You, Xijun Zhao, Rongyu Lu, Jianxiang Ma, Xinghua Zhang, Chen Yuejing, Xiaoming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a green and scalable one-pot synthesis of raspberry-like hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) as high-performance cathode materials for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHSCs). Utilizing poly(methyl methacrylate)@polypyrrole (PMMA@PPy) core-shell nanoparticles as precursors and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) as both a barrier and activator, the resulting HCSs exhibit a hierarchical pore structure, a high surface area of 1883 m²/g, and significant oxygen (6.9 atom%) and nitrogen (1.7 atom%) doping. These features enable exceptional electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 257 F/g at 1 A/g in a 6 M KOH electrolyte and remarkable energy density of 125 Wh/kg at a power density of 160 W/kg in ZIHSCs with a 2 M Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ electrolyte. Moreover, the HCSs exhibit outstanding cycling stability, retaining 92.6 % of their initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g. This study highlights the potential of environmentally friendly porous carbon materials as promising candidates for advanced electrochemical energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular design and synthesis of narrow-bandgap poly(thienylenevinylene)s via Co‐catalyzed hydroarylation polyaddition

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117817

Ryota Iwamori , Kenta Miyata , Junpei Kuwabara , Takeshi Yasuda , Takaki Kanbara

Donor–acceptor conjugated polymers have been designed and synthesized to develop high-performance organic semiconductors. In this study, the site- and regioselective synthesis of narrow-bandgap poly(thienylenevinylene)s (PTVs) is demonstrated via Co-catalyzed hydroarylation polyaddition of 4-amidethiophene derivatives. The hydroarylation polyaddition of four types of thiophene-based aromatic monomers with 3,6-bis(5-ethynylthiophene-2-yl)-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione yields the corresponding PTVs and does not produce byproducts from the monomers. The high planarity of the thienylenevinylene backbone extends the effective conjugation lengths, thereby narrowing the optical bandgap of the PTVs. Furthermore, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are deepened because of the introduction of electron-accepting building blocks, as measured by performing low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (LEIPS). The obtained PTV has a narrow band gap and a deep LUMO energy level. The properties are appropriate for the non-fullerene acceptor for organic photovoltaics, serving as an n-type semiconducting material.

{"title":"Molecular design and synthesis of narrow-bandgap poly(thienylenevinylene)s via Co‐catalyzed hydroarylation polyaddition","authors":"Ryota Iwamori , Kenta Miyata , Junpei Kuwabara , Takeshi Yasuda , Takaki Kanbara","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Donor–acceptor conjugated polymers have been designed and synthesized to develop high-performance organic semiconductors. In this study, the site- and regioselective synthesis of narrow-bandgap poly(thienylenevinylene)s (PTVs) is demonstrated via Co-catalyzed hydroarylation polyaddition of 4-amidethiophene derivatives. The hydroarylation polyaddition of four types of thiophene-based aromatic monomers with 3,6-bis(5-ethynylthiophene-2-yl)-2,5-dialkyl-pyrrolo[3,4-<em>c</em>]pyrrole-1,4-dione yields the corresponding PTVs and does not produce byproducts from the monomers. The high planarity of the thienylenevinylene backbone extends the effective conjugation lengths, thereby narrowing the optical bandgap of the PTVs. Furthermore, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are deepened because of the introduction of electron-accepting building blocks, as measured by performing low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (LEIPS). The obtained PTV has a narrow band gap and a deep LUMO energy level. The properties are appropriate for the non-fullerene acceptor for organic photovoltaics, serving as an n-type semiconducting material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Halogen-free polymer donors with regulated solution aggregation and blend morphology for efficient organic solar cells

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117819

Haifen Liu , Jinping Lin , Zijian Zhang , Shaopeng Yang , Lixin Wang

A reasonable matching between the donor and acceptor units that constitute a donor-acceptor polymer will effectively change the intermolecular aggregation property and its blended film morphology. Thus, based on a promising donor unit, elucidating the influence of different acceptor units on the polymer solution aggregation and photovoltaic properties is important to guide more designs of semiconductor molecules. Herein, three polymers, abbreviated as PBS-BDD, PBS-DIT and PBS-FTACz, were synthesized by alternating a donor motif of benzothiophene-substituted benzodithiophene (PBS) with acceptor skeletons of benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD), triazolo[4,5-f]isoindole-5,7-dione (DIT), and fluorinated benzotriazole (FTAZ), respectively. Investigations indicated that the polymer of PBS-BDD exhibited moderate solution aggregation and more favorable film morphology to accelerate charge generation and transport. Besides, PBS-BDD showed a deeper-lying HOMO energy level and smaller optical bandgap. When the three polymers were blended with Y6 to fabricate organic solar cells, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4 % was achieved for PBS-BDD. The above results disclosed the roles of BDD, DIT, and FTAZ on influencing intermolecular aggregation and energy levels, and more importantly demonstrated that excessive molecular aggregation would cause unfavorable blend morphology, even if not because of inadequate solution solubility. The insights will inspire molecular design strategies for donor polymers from a viewpoint of regulating solution aggregation property.

{"title":"Halogen-free polymer donors with regulated solution aggregation and blend morphology for efficient organic solar cells","authors":"Haifen Liu , Jinping Lin , Zijian Zhang , Shaopeng Yang , Lixin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A reasonable matching between the donor and acceptor units that constitute a donor-acceptor polymer will effectively change the intermolecular aggregation property and its blended film morphology. Thus, based on a promising donor unit, elucidating the influence of different acceptor units on the polymer solution aggregation and photovoltaic properties is important to guide more designs of semiconductor molecules. Herein, three polymers, abbreviated as PBS-BDD, PBS-DIT and PBS-FTACz, were synthesized by alternating a donor motif of benzothiophene-substituted benzodithiophene (PBS) with acceptor skeletons of benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD), triazolo[4,5-<em>f</em>]isoindole-5,7-dione (DIT), and fluorinated benzotriazole (FTAZ), respectively. Investigations indicated that the polymer of PBS-BDD exhibited moderate solution aggregation and more favorable film morphology to accelerate charge generation and transport. Besides, PBS-BDD showed a deeper-lying HOMO energy level and smaller optical bandgap. When the three polymers were blended with Y6 to fabricate organic solar cells, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4 % was achieved for PBS-BDD. The above results disclosed the roles of BDD, DIT, and FTAZ on influencing intermolecular aggregation and energy levels, and more importantly demonstrated that excessive molecular aggregation would cause unfavorable blend morphology, even if not because of inadequate solution solubility. The insights will inspire molecular design strategies for donor polymers from a viewpoint of regulating solution aggregation property.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing of BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO nanocomposite electrode: A versatile platform for high-performance energy storage and electrolyte SIW/AN

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117818

Muhammad Azhar Mumtaz , Amir Muhammad Afzal , Muhammad Hamza Waris , Muhammad Ali , Muhammad Waqas Iqbal , Areej S. Alqarni , Shams A.M. Issa , Hesham M.H. Zakaly

A comprehensive investigation of new materials and compositional modifications has made high-performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. This work mainly focuses on the synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCoS) by hydrothermal methods and then adding bismuth ferrite (BiFe₂O₃) and the measurement of the electrochemical properties. The "salt in water" (SIW) solutions, which are super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes, enable a significant reduction in water activity and increase the electrochemical stability window, is utilized. The electrochemical analysis is performed using the two and three-electrode systems. The BiFe₂O₃@NiCoS@rGO electrode attained a noteworthy maximum capacity (Qs) of 393.7 mAhg⁻¹ in a three-electrode assembly. The BiFe₂O₃@NiCoS@rGO//A.C showed a considerable Qs of 52.3 mAh/g, an improved energy density (E_d) of 79.2 W h kg⁻¹, and a high power density (P_d) of 2.2 kW kg⁻¹ in two electrode systems. The device has undergone extensive testing, with up to 5000 cycles, and has demonstrated an exceptional capacity retention rate of 88.2 %. Based on these intriguing findings, the BiFe₂O₃@NiCoS@rGO nano-composite displays immense promise for developing electrodes in advanced hybrid supercapacitors.

{"title":"Designing of BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO nanocomposite electrode: A versatile platform for high-performance energy storage and electrolyte SIW/AN","authors":"Muhammad Azhar Mumtaz , Amir Muhammad Afzal , Muhammad Hamza Waris , Muhammad Ali , Muhammad Waqas Iqbal , Areej S. Alqarni , Shams A.M. Issa , Hesham M.H. Zakaly","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive investigation of new materials and compositional modifications has made high-performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. This work mainly focuses on the synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCoS) by hydrothermal methods and then adding bismuth ferrite (BiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and the measurement of the electrochemical properties. The \"salt in water\" (SIW) solutions, which are super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes, enable a significant reduction in water activity and increase the electrochemical stability window, is utilized. The electrochemical analysis is performed using the two and three-electrode systems. The BiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@NiCoS@rGO electrode attained a noteworthy maximum capacity (Qs) of 393.7 mAhg<sup>−1</sup> in a three-electrode assembly. The BiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@NiCoS@rGO//A.C showed a considerable Qs of 52.3 mAh/g, an improved energy density (E<sub>d</sub>) of 79.2 W h kg<sup>−1</sup>, and a high power density (P<sub>d</sub>) of 2.2 kW kg<sup>−1</sup> in two electrode systems. The device has undergone extensive testing, with up to 5000 cycles, and has demonstrated an exceptional capacity retention rate of 88.2 %. Based on these intriguing findings, the BiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@NiCoS@rGO nano-composite displays immense promise for developing electrodes in advanced hybrid supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the formation and selective behavior of thienyl pyridazine electropolymers

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117816

Daniel J. Little , Valeria Mattern-Mondragon , Nathan C. Tice , Hannah Dendinger , Bangbo Yan , Pauline Norris

Thin-film electrode materials that are selectively redox active as a function of potential are of interest in a number of industries – particularly as sensors or in energy applications. Here we present such a material synthesized from the electropolymerization of a thienyl pyridazine compound, 1,4-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2H-cyclopenta[d]pyridazine, on a platinum disk electrode from acetonitrile solution. The thienyl pyridazine electropolymer functionalized electrode loses its ability to reversibly oxidize decamethylferrocene, while retaining quasi-reversible oxidation of both ferrocene and acetylferrocene, attributed to their more positive redox potentials. In addition, the thienyl pyridazine electropolymer formed through successive cyclic voltammetric cycles is shown to be comparable to that formed by the method of prolonged applied 1.0 V bias. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used in situ to help infer kinetic and mechanistic information of thienyl pyridazine film formation. Finally, it is shown that electropolymerization can be sterically hindered by the presence of a perfluoropyridine group on the thienyl pyridazine monomer at the nitrogen position, showing that electropolymerization can be significantly impacted by changes to the pyridazine center of the monomer.

{"title":"Investigation of the formation and selective behavior of thienyl pyridazine electropolymers","authors":"Daniel J. Little , Valeria Mattern-Mondragon , Nathan C. Tice , Hannah Dendinger , Bangbo Yan , Pauline Norris","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin-film electrode materials that are selectively redox active as a function of potential are of interest in a number of industries – particularly as sensors or in energy applications. Here we present such a material synthesized from the electropolymerization of a thienyl pyridazine compound, 1,4-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2H-cyclopenta[<em>d</em>]pyridazine, on a platinum disk electrode from acetonitrile solution. The thienyl pyridazine electropolymer functionalized electrode loses its ability to reversibly oxidize decamethylferrocene, while retaining quasi-reversible oxidation of both ferrocene and acetylferrocene, attributed to their more positive redox potentials. In addition, the thienyl pyridazine electropolymer formed through successive cyclic voltammetric cycles is shown to be comparable to that formed by the method of prolonged applied 1.0 V bias. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used <em>in situ</em> to help infer kinetic and mechanistic information of thienyl pyridazine film formation. Finally, it is shown that electropolymerization can be sterically hindered by the presence of a perfluoropyridine group on the thienyl pyridazine monomer at the nitrogen position, showing that electropolymerization can be significantly impacted by changes to the pyridazine center of the monomer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Synthetic Metals

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀