Synthetic Metals最新文献_第6页

Nickel sulfide-filled polyaniline hybrid composites for high-performance thermoelectric materials at room temperature 室温高性能热电材料硫化镍填充聚苯胺杂化复合材料

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118048

Gizem Arslanturk, Sevval Yildirim, Elif Sen, Sabri Can Karadeniz, Volkan Ugraskan, Birol Isik, Ayse Erdogan Cakar, Fatih Cakar, Husnu Cankurtaran, Ozlem Cankurtaran, Ozlem Yazici

Conductive polymer-based inorganic/organic composites are receiving increasing interest as potential options for lightweight, low-cost, and non-toxic room-temperature thermoelectric devices. In this study, nickel sulfide (NiS)-filled polyaniline (PANI) composites were synthesized, and their thermoelectric (TE) properties were investigated. XRD analyses showed the formation of the composites. Furthermore, XRD, FTIR, and UV–vis analyses proved the interactions between PANI and NiS. SEM-EDS analyses revealed that NiS particles were homogeneously distributed in the composite. Hall effect measurements revealed that the addition of NiS enhanced charge carrier concentration from 1.36 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ to 4.40 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ , resulting in an increase in pure PANI's electrical conductivity from 12.03 S/cm to 14 S/cm. Seebeck coefficient analyses showed a maximum value of 203 μV/K for the composite containing 5 % NiS. The addition of NiS also increased the thermal conductivity of pure PANI from 0.14 W/mK to 0.42 W/mK. The highest power factor and ZT were calculated as 53.6 μW/mK² and 3.8 × 10⁻². This study concluded that introducing NiS fillers into the conductive PANI matrix improves PANI's TE performance at room temperature.

导电性聚合物基无机/有机复合材料作为轻质、低成本、无毒的室温热电器件的潜在选择，正受到越来越多的关注。合成了硫化镍（NiS）填充聚苯胺（PANI）复合材料，并对其热电性能进行了研究。XRD分析表明了复合材料的形成。此外，XRD、FTIR和UV-vis分析证实了PANI和NiS之间的相互作用。SEM-EDS分析表明，复合材料中NiS颗粒分布均匀。霍尔效应测量显示，加入NiS后，其载流子浓度从1.36 × 1020 cm⁻³ 增加到4.40 × 1020 cm⁻³ ，从而使纯PANI的电导率从12.03 S/cm增加到14 S/cm。塞贝克系数分析表明，含5 % NiS的复合材料最高可达203 μV/K。NiS的加入也使纯聚苯胺的导热系数从0.14 W/mK提高到0.42 W/mK。最高功率因数和ZT分别为53.6 μW/mK²和3.8 × 10⁻²。本研究的结论是，在导电聚苯胺基体中引入NiS填料可以改善聚苯胺的室温TE性能。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning-guided screening of polycyclic aromatic compounds for thermally activated delayed fluorescence applications 机器学习引导筛选多环芳香族化合物的热激活延迟荧光应用

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118049

Nada Alfryyan , Mudassir Hussain Tahir , Muhammad Saqib , Muqadas Yaqoob , Khadijah Mohammedsaleh Katubi , M.S. Al-Buriahi

In this study, we apply machine learning techniques to predict TADF-likeness in a large set of polycyclic aromatic compounds derived from the COMPAS database. The machine learning models was trained using a dataset of 366 compounds with known TADF-likeness scores and over 200 molecular descriptors. Feature selection and model comparison identified Gradient Boosting Regressor as the most accurate predictor (R² = 0.78). This model was used to screen over 34,000 new compounds, yielding a shortlist of 50 candidates with high predicted TADF-likeness and favorable synthetic accessibility. The results highlight the potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-based molecules as promising, metal-free TADF emitters. This study demonstrates how data-driven screening can accelerate the discovery of optoelectronic materials while reducing experimental workload.

在这项研究中，我们应用机器学习技术来预测来自COMPAS数据库的大量多环芳香族化合物的tadf相似性。机器学习模型使用366个已知tadf相似分数的化合物和200多个分子描述符的数据集进行训练。特征选择和模型比较表明梯度增强回归因子是最准确的预测因子（R²= 0.78）。该模型用于筛选超过34,000个新化合物，产生了50个候选化合物，这些候选化合物具有高预测tadf相似性和良好的合成可及性。这些结果突出了多环芳烃（PAH）基分子作为有前途的无金属TADF发射器的潜力。这项研究展示了数据驱动筛选如何在减少实验工作量的同时加速光电材料的发现。

引用次数: 0

Oligoaniline–graphene oxide quantum dot driven polyaniline nano tubes intercalated graphene sheet with improved electrochemical properties 低聚苯胺-氧化石墨烯量子点驱动的聚苯胺纳米管嵌入石墨烯片，具有改善的电化学性能

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118046

Arindam Das , Udayan Basak , Indrani Chakraborti , Purnadas Ghosh , Partha Bairi , Biplab Biswas , Dhruba P. Chatterjee , Arun K. Nandi

Three-dimensional highly conductive polyaniline nanotube (PNT)-intercalated pyrolyzed graphene oxide (p-GO) has been developed as highly electrochemically stable electrode material. The growth of the PNTs in between the layers of p–GO sheets have been engineered by the trianiline–graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD). Chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline has been carried out, wherein the polymerization is initiated ('seeded') by trianiline owing to its significantly lower redox potential compared to aniline, following an autocatalytic mechanism. Consequently, a well-directed growth of polyaniline (PANI) chains exhibiting nanotubular morphology—atypical for aniline polymerization under weakly acidic medium—has been achieved within the interlayers of p-GO sheets. High electronic/ionic mobility by virtue of the conducting graphene sheets as well as 3D porous morphology results remarkably high–rate capability of the composite electrode. The composite has shown a remarkably high specific capacitance of ∼660 F/g (at 1 A/g) and cyclic stability of ∼93.5 % after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles in a symmetrical two electrode set up.

三维高导电性聚苯胺纳米管（PNT）插层热解氧化石墨烯（p-GO）是一种电化学稳定的电极材料。三苯胺-氧化石墨烯量子点（GOQD）可以在p -氧化石墨烯层之间生长pnt。苯胺的化学氧化聚合已经进行，其中聚合是由三苯胺发起的（“种子”），因为它的氧化还原电位比苯胺低得多，遵循自催化机制。因此，聚苯胺（PANI）链的定向生长在p-GO薄片的中间层中，呈现出纳米管状的形态，这是弱酸性介质下苯胺聚合的非典型形态。由于导电石墨烯片的高电子/离子迁移率以及三维多孔形貌，使得复合电极具有显著的高倍率性能。该复合材料在对称双电极设置的10,000次充放电循环后，显示出非常高的比电容为~ 660 F/g（1 a /g）和循环稳定性为~ 93.5 %。

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引用次数: 0

High-quality Co-SAM promoted through β-alanine as the molecular patch enabling efficiently inverted perovskite solar cells 高质量的Co-SAM通过β-丙氨酸作为分子贴片促进高效倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118050

Niqian Du , Shanshan Du , Xueyuan Li , Yaru Du , Chi Feng , Xiaobo Zhang , Kaikai Liu , Zhiyong Liu

In inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the interface between the hole-transport layer (HTL) and the perovskite film is vital for performance and stability. However, traditional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), like [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), create a hole-selective contact on nickel oxide (NiOx) but suffer from pinholes and disorder, leading to high interfacial defects and deep-level traps. These issues hinder carrier extraction and increase non-radiative losses. Herein, we establish a co-self-assembled monolayer (Co-SAM) using β-Alanine as a bifunctional “molecular patch”. The carboxylate (-COOH) group of β-Alanine strongly binds to NiOx, filling voids within the Me-4PACz film and creating a dense, uniform HTL. Simultaneously, the amino (-NH₂) group of β-Alanine chelates with uncoordinated Pb²⁺ in the perovskite film, passivating defects and suppressing recombination. This dual-action mechanism boosts hole extraction efficiency, thereby enabling the Co-SAM PSCs to achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.22 %. Moreover, unencapsulated cells retain 93.4 % of their initial efficiency after 1548 h of continuous aging at 25 °C and 30–40 % relative humidity.

在倒钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）中，空穴传输层（HTL）与钙钛矿薄膜之间的界面对电池性能和稳定性至关重要。然而，传统的自组装单层（sam），如[4-（3,6-二甲基- 9h -咔唑-9-基）丁基]膦酸（Me-4PACz），在氧化镍（NiOx）上产生了孔选择接触，但存在针孔和无序，导致高界面缺陷和深层陷阱。这些问题阻碍了载流子的提取，增加了非辐射损失。本文中，我们利用β-丙氨酸作为双功能“分子贴片”，建立了一种自组装单层（Co-SAM）。β-丙氨酸的羧酸（-COOH）基团与NiOx紧密结合，填充Me-4PACz膜内的空隙，形成致密、均匀的html。同时，β-丙氨酸的氨基（-NH2）与钙钛矿膜中不配位的Pb2+螯合，钝化缺陷并抑制重组。这种双重作用机制提高了井眼萃取效率，从而使Co-SAM psc实现了25.22 %的显著功率转换效率（PCE）。此外，未封装的电池在25°C和30-40 %的相对湿度下持续老化1548 h后，其初始效率仍保持93.4 %。

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引用次数: 0

Feature-driven machine learning approach for predicting photophysical properties of fluorescent compounds: A cheminformatics pipeline 预测荧光化合物光物理性质的特征驱动机器学习方法：化学信息学管道

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118045

Norah Salem Alsaiari , Aamir Rasool , Robina Manzoor , Talal M. Althagafi , M.S. Al-Buriahi

Designing compounds for fluorescent applications is a topic of great interest. In this work, a novel technique is demonstrated to design fluorescent compounds. Molecular descriptors are calculated for machine learning analysis. With the aid of statistical approaches, the best molecular descriptors (features) are chosen. Considering these best descriptors, various machine learning (ML) models are trained. Among them, HistGradientBoosting (HGB) regressor was the best model. Absorption wavelength, emission wavelength and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) are predicted. 10,000 new compounds are generated using Breaking Retro-synthetically Interesting Chemical Substructures (BRICS) method. Thirty compounds are selected on the basis of predicted absorption wavelength, emission wavelength and PLQY values. It is also anticipated that the designed chemicals will be synthetically accessible. The purpose of chemical similarity analysis is to learn more about how compounds behave. Techniques like heatmaps and clustering are used for this. This study will pave the way for experimental chemists synthesize efficient fluorescent compounds.

设计用于荧光应用的化合物是一个非常有趣的话题。在这项工作中，展示了一种设计荧光化合物的新技术。计算分子描述符用于机器学习分析。在统计方法的帮助下，选择最佳的分子描述符（特征）。考虑到这些最佳描述符，可以训练各种机器学习（ML）模型。其中，HistGradientBoosting （HGB）回归因子为最佳模型。预测了吸收波长、发射波长和光致发光量子产率（PLQY）。使用打破复古合成有趣化学亚结构（BRICS）方法生成了10,000个新化合物。根据预测的吸收波长、发射波长和PLQY值选择了30个化合物。还预期所设计的化学品将可合成获得。化学相似性分析的目的是为了更多地了解化合物的行为。诸如热图和聚类之类的技术用于此。本研究将为实验化学家合成高效荧光化合物铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Ionic gating control of carrier transport and thermoelectric properties in semiconductors 半导体中载流子输运和热电特性的离子门控控制

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118035

Jing Liu , Xiaofang Liu , Cheng Liu , Deping Wang , Fengxing Jiang , Jingkun Xu , Qinglin Jiang

Precise modulation of carrier transport is central to optimizing semiconductor performance and functionality. Among various approaches, ionic gating offers a powerful and reversible route to control carrier transport by dynamically adjusting carrier concentration, thereby enabling systematic investigation of doping-level-dependent changes in charge-transport characteristics. In this work, we examine the shift of the Fermi level, the modulation of the electronic band structure, and the alteration of microstructural features induced by ionic gating across diverse semiconductor systems, as well as the manifestation of these modifications in their thermoelectric responses. Special emphasis is placed on the interplay between ionic gating and Seebeck behavior, providing insights into the microscopic mechanisms of transport evolution. We also outline key challenges in experimental methodology, especially regarding in situ thermoelectric measurements, and propose future directions for utilizing ionic gating in the rational design of high-performance, tunable electronic and thermoelectric devices.

载流子传输的精确调制是优化半导体性能和功能的核心。在各种方法中，离子门控提供了一种强大的、可逆的途径，通过动态调节载流子浓度来控制载流子输运，从而能够系统地研究掺杂水平相关的电荷输运特性变化。在这项工作中，我们研究了费米能级的移动，电子带结构的调制，以及离子门控引起的微结构特征的变化，以及这些变化在其热电响应中的表现。特别强调的是离子门控和塞贝克行为之间的相互作用，提供了对输运演化的微观机制的见解。我们还概述了实验方法中的关键挑战，特别是关于原位热电测量，并提出了在合理设计高性能、可调谐电子和热电器件中利用离子门控的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis, characterization, and semiconducting properties of π-conjugated polymers containing hydrogen-bonded thiophene azomethines moieties 含氢键噻吩偶氮亚胺基团π共轭聚合物的合成、表征及半导体性能

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118033

Bo Zhang , Mengyao Kong , Xiaoxiao Wang , Congwu Ge , Kaiwen Lin , Xinyu Wang , Fuhua Sun , Xike Gao , Qing Zhang

Two acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type of hydrogen bonded thiophene azomethine building blocks, TTAZ and BTAZ, were synthesized. Both compounds incorporated the electron-withdrawing unit 3-cyanothiophene, with the electron-rich moieties consisting of carbamate functionalized thieno[3,2-b]thiophene for TTAZ and carbamate functionalized 2,2'-bithiophene for BTAZ, respectively. The corresponding polymer PTTAZ and PBTAZ were synthesized via Stille cross-coupling reaction. Although the absorption spectra of the two polyazomehines exhibited distinct aggregation behaviors, both showed broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) and similar electrochemical energy levels. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) fabricated using PTTAZ and PBTAZ as electroactive layers demonstrated p-type charge transport characteristic, with maximum hole mobility of 4.32 × 10⁻³ for PTTAZ and 3.64 × 10⁻³ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for PBTAZ. The microstructures of the polymer thin films were further analyzed using atomic force microscope (AFM) and two-dimensional grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (2D-GIWAXS).

合成了两种受体-给体-受体（A-D-A）型氢键噻吩-亚甲基基元TTAZ和BTAZ。这两种化合物都含有吸电子单元3-氰噻吩，其富电子部分分别由氨基甲酸酯功能化的噻吩[3,2-b]噻吩和氨基甲酸酯功能化的2,2'-噻吩组成。通过Stille交叉偶联反应合成了相应的聚合物PTTAZ和PBTAZ。虽然两种聚偶氮胺的吸收光谱表现出不同的聚集行为，但都表现出较宽的半峰全宽（FWHM）和相似的电化学能级。采用PTTAZ和PBTAZ作为电活性层制备的有机场效应晶体管（ofet）具有p型电荷输运特性，PTTAZ的最大空穴迁移率为4.32 × 10−3，PBTAZ的最大空穴迁移率为3.64 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1。利用原子力显微镜（AFM）和二维掠入射广角x射线散射（2D-GIWAXS）进一步分析了聚合物薄膜的微观结构。

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引用次数: 0

Inverted perovskite solar cells based on a MeO-2PACz/CuSCN composite hole transport layer 基于MeO-2PACz/CuSCN复合空穴传输层的倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118031

Shihao Yu , Lanhang Zhang , Nan Zhang , Lizhong Wang , Kainan Dou

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention due to advantages such as relatively low preparation temperatures and simpler fabrication processes. Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as hole transport layers (HTL) suffer from poor wettability with perovskite precursor solutions and severe interfacial non-radiative recombination, which limits the application of SAM materials in inverted PSCs. To address these issues, this paper designed a MeO-2PACz/CuSCN composite hole transport layer. By characterizing the physicochemical properties of the perovskite layer and the composite hole transport layer, as well as the crystallization behavior of the perovskite material, we analyzed the influence of the composite hole transport layer on the energy level alignment at the interface and the charge transport process within the device. Results show that CuSCN and MeO-2PACz exhibit a significant synergistic effect, alleviating the poor wettability of carbazole-based SAMs and effectively passivating defect states at the interface between the composite HTL and the perovskite layer. Inverted PSCs based on the MeO-2PACz/CuSCN composite HTL achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.16 %, significantly superior to the unmodified standard devices (18.07 %). This strategy provides an effective solution to the problem of non-radiative recombination at SAM layer interfaces and offers a reference for the future design of interfacial engineering for higher-performance, longer-lifetime, and lower-cost inverted perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices

倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）由于其相对较低的制备温度和更简单的制造工艺等优点而受到广泛关注。作为空孔传输层（HTL）的咔唑基自组装单层（SAMs）与钙钛矿前驱体溶液的润湿性较差，界面非辐射复合严重，限制了SAM材料在倒向聚酰胺中的应用。针对这些问题，本文设计了MeO-2PACz/CuSCN复合空穴传输层。通过表征钙钛矿层和复合空穴输运层的物理化学性质，以及钙钛矿材料的结晶行为，分析了复合空穴输运层对界面能级排列和器件内部电荷输运过程的影响。结果表明，CuSCN和MeO-2PACz表现出显著的协同效应，缓解了咔唑基SAMs较差的润湿性，有效钝化了复合HTL与钙钛矿层界面处的缺陷状态。基于MeO-2PACz/CuSCN复合HTL的倒置PSCs的功率转换效率（PCE）为22.16 %，明显优于未修饰的标准器件（18.07 %）。该策略有效解决了SAM层界面的非辐射复合问题，为未来设计高性能、长寿命、低成本的倒钙钛矿太阳能电池及其他光电器件提供了界面工程参考

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引用次数: 0

Bifunctional sulfanilic acid doping enhances the efficiency of sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes 双功能磺酸掺杂提高了天蓝钙钛矿发光二极管的效率

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118032

Junhao Xiong , Qiaoli Niu , Wenyi Zhao , Tianyu Wang , Yuqing Chen , Wenjin Zeng , James Ramontja , Ruidong Xia

Quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskites are promising for light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) but face performance limitations from defect states in solution-processed films and inherent phase impurities. Particularly, the low-n (n = 1) phase acts as a dominant non-radiative recombination pathway. To address this, we introduced sulfanilic acid (SA) as an additive into the Q-2D perovskite precursor, which is a bifunctional ligand featuring both sulfonic acid (-SO₃H) and amino (-NH₂) groups. The -SO₃H and -NH₂ moieties of SA selectively passivate uncoordinated Pb²⁺ and Br⁻ ions, respectively, effectively reducing defect state density and suppressing non-radiative recombination. Concurrently, the -SO₃H group interacts with the -NH₂ group of the PEA⁺, which suppresses the formation of the n = 1 phase and increases the proportion of the n = 2 phase, thereby promoting radiative recombination. Ultimately, a sky-blue (484 nm) PeLED with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.09 % was achieved.

准二维（Q-2D）钙钛矿在发光二极管（PeLEDs）中很有前途，但由于溶液处理薄膜中的缺陷状态和固有的相杂质，其性能受到限制。特别是，低n （n = 1）相是主要的非辐射重组途径。为了解决这个问题，我们将磺胺酸（SA）作为添加剂引入到Q-2D钙钛矿前驱体中，这是一种双功能配体，具有磺酸（-SO₃H）和氨基（-NH₂）基团。SA的-SO₃H和-NH₂基团分别选择性钝化了非配位Pb 2 +和Br⁻，有效降低了缺陷态密度，抑制了非辐射复合。同时，-SO₃H基团与PEA⁺的-NH₂基团相互作用，抑制了n = 1相的形成，增加了n = 2相的比例，从而促进了辐射复合。最终，获得了一个天蓝色（484 nm）的发光二极管，最大外量子效率（EQE）为8.09 %。

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引用次数: 0

Organic solar cells based on PM6:Y7 and doped with boron-dipyrromethene (B1) PM6:Y7掺杂硼-二吡罗甲烷（B1）的有机太阳能电池

IF 4.6 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118030

J. Alberto Arroyo-Valdez , José-Luis Maldonado , Julio C. Carrillo-Sendejas , Andrés Plaza-Martínez , Anderson Alvarez-Quesada , Julio Israel Gallardo-Nieto , Margarita Romero-Ávila , Norberto Farfán , Héctor García-Ortega

In this work, organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PM6:Y7 active layer doped with a new boron-dipyrromethene (B1) at different concentrations are reported. OSCs were fabricated and tested under regular atmospheric conditions, employing the conventional structure: glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y7:B1/PFN/FM where Field’s metal (FM), a eutectic alloy of Bi, In, and Sn served as an alternative top electrode, deposited via drop coating at 85 ºC, eliminating the requirement of a high-vacuum chamber. The PM6:Y7 (1:1.2 wt%) blend was prepared at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in anhydrous chlorobenzene, the B1 best concentration was 1 wt% (with respect to the total mass). The average reached power conversion efficiency (PCE) for 1 % of B1 devices was 11.07 % (best PCE = 11.82 %) while for the reference devices it was 10.02 % (best PCE = 10.45 %), this means 10.47 % of PCE enhancement over the reference OSCs.

本文报道了在PM6:Y7活性层上掺杂不同浓度的新型硼-二吡罗甲烷（B1）的有机太阳能电池（OSCs）。OSCs采用常规结构：玻璃/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y7:B1/PFN/FM，其中Field 's metal (FM), Bi， In和Sn的共晶合金作为替代顶电极，在85℃下通过滴涂沉积，消除了对高真空室的要求。在无水氯苯浓度为20 mg/mL的条件下制备PM6:Y7（1:1.2 wt%）共混物，B1最佳浓度为1 wt%（相对于总质量）。1 %的B1器件的平均达到功率转换效率（PCE）为11.07 %（最佳PCE = 11.82 %），而参考器件的平均达到功率转换效率（PCE）为10.02 %（最佳PCE = 10.45 %），这意味着PCE比参考OSCs提高了10.47 %。

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引用次数: 0